would_rather的用法

would rather的用法(美国英语中多用had rather )
一、概述
1.含义。

“宁愿/可,更/最好,还是…为好”。

常省略为’d rather,表优先选择的一种方式。

2.用法。

would /had在此决无“过去”之意，它是一个情态助动词，后面直接跟不带to的不定式（V原）。

无人称,数,词性,时态变化,所有的人称情况均用would rather。

例如：
If you’d rather be alone, we’ll all leave here. 如果你宁愿独自呆着，那我们都离开这儿。

He’d rather work in the countryside. 她宁可到农村去工作。

3.否定形式。

would rather not do sth. 例: Mr. Li would rather not listen to rock music.
二、would rather+从句
其意为“宁愿……,还是…… 好些”，“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。

常用的虚拟语气句型，引导从句的that常省略。

主语A + would rather（that）+ 主语B 1. : 1. 谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。

2. 在谈到过去的动作时，谓语用过去完成时。

例: 1. I would rather you stayed at home now. (与现在事实相反)
2. I would rather you had gone there. (与过去事实相反)
注意:
1. 如果谈到过去的动作，也就是表示过去已经发生的事情在选择上不恰当。

此时，主句一般为
I had rather ,其（that）从句则用过去完成时。

例：Would rather you had not done that.
2. 如果只涉及主语本人而不涉及另一个人，则would rather之后不接that从句而接have done 结构。

例: I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night.
三、扩展
1.在两者中取舍,表“宁愿……而不愿……/与其……宁可……”时，则可用would rather…than…或would…rather than…句型.
例: I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.
The children would walk there rather than take a bus.
2.也可以颠倒为：rather than…would…
例：Rather than work in such bad condition, he would give up
3.Would(rather)和than后都接不带to的动词不定式，若选同一动词,那么than 后的动词可以省略。

例: I would rather have noodles than rice.
4.要注意“平行结构”，即在than 的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个n、两个不定式、两个介词短语等。

例: I would rather go to work by bike than by bus.
I would rather talk with his mother than with his father.
5.在疑问句式中，短语中的would要放在主语之前。

例: Would you rather stay here or go home?
@Which would you rather have, apples or bananas?
四、would rather/sooner和prefer/would prefer的区别
would rather和would sooner之间一般没有区别，但经常接触到的是would rather。

例:Tom would rather/sooner read than talk./ Tom prefers reading to talking．
注意:
1. would rather后跟不带to的不定式+than+不带to的不定式，而prefer后跟动名词+to+动名词。

有时prefer后面也可跟名词，而在would rather之后要求只带动词原形。

例: He prefers wine to beer．= He would rather drink wine than beer．
2. 某些prefer+名词的情况不能用would rather完全确切地表达出来：
例:He prefers dogs to cats./He would rather have dogs than cats.很明显，这两句的意思并不完全相同。

3. would rather+不带to的不定式有时可代替would prefer+带to的不定式。

例: I’d rather fly than go by sea．=I’d prefer to fly．我宁愿乘飞机也不愿乘船。

4. 这两个结构后面带名词时情况也一样：
例: —Would you like some gin？—I’d prefer a coffee．=I’d rather have coffee than gin．5. would rather/sooner和would prefer后面都可跟完成式，但后者带to。

例: We went by sea but I’d rather have gone by air=I’d prefer to have gone by air．
(我愿意乘飞机去，可我的愿望未能实现）
这和would like+不定式的完成时有点相似, would like+带to的不定式的完成式也表示未能实现的愿望。