句子成分 改

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基本句型 五: S V O C (主+谓+宾+宾补)
此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词, 但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上 一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。
S │V(及物)│ O(宾语) │ C(宾补)
1. They │painted │the door │green. 2. This │set │them │thinking. 3. They │found │the house │deserted. 4. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 5. I │saw │them │getting on the bus.
句子成分
Members of a Sentence
●英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律,掌握了 句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭 配,就能写出完整、正确的句子。
一个主谓结构就是一个句子。通常, 主语和谓语是句子必不可少的两个组成 部分,祈使句可省略主语。
*句子成分由词或词组充当 英语的基本成分有七种: _主__语__(__s_u_b_j_e_c_t_)__、__谓__语__(__p_r_e_d_i_c_a_t_e_)__、_____ _表__语__(__p_r_e_d_i_c_a_t_i_v_e_)__、__宾__语__(__o_b_j_e_c_t_)__、____ _定__语__(__a_t_t_r_i_b_u_t_e_)__、___状__语__(_a_d_v_e_r_b_i_a_l_)_____ 和__补__语__(__c_o_m_p_l_e_m_e_n_t_)__。_____
He has a toothache. We study hard. We have finished the job. He can speak English.
3. 宾语
表示动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词或相当于 名词的词或短语等充当。 一般在谓语之后。
例如:
1. She has finished doing the experiment.
2. She is an English teacher. 主+系 +表(SVP)
3. Tom teaches Chinese.
主+动 +宾(SVO)
4. There existed a nation in the ocean. There be 句型
5. Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday.
1. The sun│rose. 2. Who │cares? 3. What he said │does not matter. 4. They │talked for half an hour.
此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词 都能表达完整的意思。
基本句型 二: S V P (主+系+表)
6. 状 语
用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,一般 表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、 程度等意义,通常由副词、介词短语、不 定式或相当于副词的词或短语等来充当。
People are working hard. Beijing is not very cold in winter. He did it carefully. They want to see her very badly. Without his help,we couldn’t work it out.
随堂练习
找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分
I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterda谓 定 宾 同

语语 语 语 位


It was Sunday.
It was Sunday.
主系

I get up early on Sundays.
1. 主语
表示句子说的是“什么人” 或 “什么事”。 通常由名词、代词、主语从句或动名词短语等充当。
例如: 1. My teacher hates telling lies.(指老师这个人) 2. Great changes have taken place in China in
the past thirty years. (所发生的事情— 很多 大的变化)
I get up early on Sundays.




I looked at the young man and the
young woman angrily.
I looked at the young man and the



young woman angrily.


英语句子的类型
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型
Lucy is an American girl. We study in No.1 Middle School. The classroom is very clean. Three plus five equals eight. To teach them English is my job.
简单句的扩展成份
简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语(如定语)来扩展, 及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语(如状语)连用 进行扩展。
I bought a rain coat with a beautiful color.
The dog jumped through the window.
He is saving up to buy a mobile phone.
基本句型 四: S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,eg:buy, find, bring, give, teach, tell, lend, offer, promise,give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通 常一个指人(间接宾语);一个指物(直接宾语)。
S │V(及物)│ o(多指人) │ O(多指物)
1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 2. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 3. I │showed │him │my pictures. 4. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 5. He │showed │me │how to run the machine.
7. 补 语 英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达 完整的意思,还必须在宾语后加上宾语补 足语才能表达完整的意思。“宾语+宾语补 足语”合称复合宾语。宾语补足语主要用 来说明宾语的特征、状态或身份,主要由 形容词、名词、副词、介词短语、分词等 充当。
I found it very difficult to find work. Yesterday he got his leg broken. We found Lily out when we arrived. The boss kept them working all day. Leave the door open.
系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等,表情况; get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表变化。 be 本身没有意义,只起连系作用。 其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。
感官动词多可用作连系动词:look well/面色好, sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻
及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。
掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
不及物动词
主+谓 (S V)
动词 系动词
主+系+表 (S V P)
及物动词
• 主+谓+宾 (S V O) • 主+谓+间宾+直宾 (S V o O) • 主+谓+宾+宾补 (S V O C)
基本句型 一:S │ V (不及物动词)
2. 谓语
说明主语“做什么” “是什么” 或 “怎么样”。 通常由动词或动词短语结合时态、语态、语气等充当。 要弄清两个概念: 及物动词:后面直接接宾语的动词; 不及物动词:后面不能直接接宾语的动词。
例如: 1. Children like playing games. 2. They were talking about a new film.
A bright little boy with rosy cheeks put three bottles of milk quietly on my doorstep before seven o’clock.
判断下列句子属于何种句式. 1. You are sitting on the train home. 主+动(SV)
5. 定 语
用来修饰名词或代词。由形容词、代 词、数词、名词、介词短语不定式或相当 于形容词的词或短语等充当。
定语的位置很灵活,凡有名词、代词的 地方都可以有定语。
What’s your name, please? She’s a good basketball player. The girl behind the tree is my sister. The little boy gave me a big apple. The black bike is mine. They made paper flower.
基本句型 三: S V O (主+谓+宾)
此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义, 都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思, 必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意 思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
S │V(及物动词)│ O(宾语)
1. Who │knows │the answer? 2. He │has refused │to help them. 3. He │enjoys │reading. 4. He │admits │that he was mistaken.
2. We like English and are good at it.
All of us like him. He’s playing soccer. Can I ask some questions? She is playing the piano now. He often helps me. Lucy likes to sleep in the open air. We enjoy living in China.
主+动 +间宾 +直宾(SVOiOd)
6. We think it our duty to study well. 主+动 +宾 +补(SVOC)
Exercises
• 你的故事听起来很有趣。 • ___Y_o_u_r _s_to_r_y_s_o_u_n_d_e_d__v_e_ry__in_t_e_re_s_t_in_g_._____. • 把鱼放在冰箱里,否则它会变坏的。 • _P_u_t_t_h_e_f_is_h__in_t_o_f_r_id_g_e_,_o_r_t_h_e_y_w_i_ll_g_o__b_a_d_. ___. • 这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。 • _T_h_e__h_o_t_d_a_y_w_i_ll_r_e_m_a_i_n_/s_t_a_y_/ _k_e_ep__a_f_e_w__d_a_y_s._. • 这个计划证明是可行的。 • __T_h_e_p_l_an__t_u_rn_e_d__o_u_t/_p_ro_v_e_d__(__to__b_e_) _p_r_a_c_ti_c_a_l..
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都 不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语 身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的 意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。
S │V(是系动词)│ P(表语)
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner │smells │good. 3. He │is growing │tall and strong. 4. Our well │has gone │dry. 5. His face │turned │red.
4. 表语
与系动词连用,一起构成谓语,说明主语的性质特征等。 常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、短语或从句等充当。
例如: 1. Her grandfather is an engineer. 2. The two countries were at war then. 3. The fact seems that he didn’t notice the car.
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