河北中考英语(人教)总复习：语法十 非谓语动词 课件

3．作宾语或宾语补足语 (1)接动词不定式作宾语的动词或短语有want, begin/start, love, forget, remember, teach, decide, agree, seem, would like, plan等。 (2)接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有ask, tell, invite, allow, want, wish, encourage等。 (3)在使役动词make, let, have和感官系动词 feel, look, smell等的后面作宾 语补足语时，不定式符号to要省略。help后的动词不定式可带to也可不带 to。
河北语法十 非谓语动词
考点一 动词不定式 动词不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，否定形式是在动词不定
式前加not。动词不定式具有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语，但 没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式及其宾语和状语 构成动词不定式短语。
1．作主语 动词不定式作主语时，可以用动名词替换且常用it作形式主语，把动词不 定式后置，常构成“It＋be＋adj.(＋for sb.)＋动词不定式”。 It's important (for us) to protect the environment.(对我们来说)保护环境很 重要。 2．作表语 My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英语。
(2)过去分词作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系，表示该动作 的被动或者完成。 the novel written by Lu Xun 鲁迅写的那篇小说 a singer surrounded by a group of fans 被粉丝包围的歌手 fallen leaves 落叶 a snow-covered city被雪覆盖的城市
(2019·上海闵行二模调研)While you live in my house, I expect you the
rules.
A．to follow
B．follow
C．following
D．followed
考点二 动名词 动名词由“动词原形＋­ing”构成，与现在分词同形。动名词既有动词的 性质(可有宾语和状语)，也有名词的性质，可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 1．动名词常用结构 (1)只能跟动名词的动词(短语)有avoid, consider, enjoy, feel like, finish, mind, practice, suggest, be busy, be good at, be interested in, can't help, give up, make a living (by), put off等。
7．含动词不定式的特殊句型与短语 too... to...太……而不能…… Why not do sth.？为什么不做某事？ had better do sth.最好做某事 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.宁愿做某事，而不愿做某事 make sb. do sth.让某人做某事 be made to do sth.被迫做某事
$1，000 from me last it tomorrow?
2．(2020·河北预测)—Would you mind
here?
—Of course not. I'll
my cigarette at once.
A．not smoking; put away
B．not smoking; put out
C．not to smoke; put off
D．not to smoke; put out
3．(2020·河北预测)Everyone thinks the problem is hard, but he has no
difficultyFra bibliotekthe problem.
A．working out
B．having worked out
3．现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别。 (1)现在分词作定语与它所修饰的名词存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动 作的主动或者进行。 a sleeping child一个正在睡觉的孩子 a developing country一个发展中国家 boiling water正在沸腾的水 a surprising look一个令人吃惊的表情
6．“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构 疑问词who, what, when, where, how, which等后接动词不定式，在句中作 主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。 The teacher is telling the students what to do.老师正告诉学生们做什么。 He didn't know where to go(＝where he should go)．他不知道去哪里。
(2)have＋n.＋(in) doing have fun (in) doing, have trouble (in) doing, have a hard time (in) doing, have problems/difficulty (in) doing等。 (3)to doing 结构，to是介词 be/get used to doing, look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, prefer doing to doing等。
C．to have worked out
D．to work out
考点三 分词 1．现在分词由“动词原形＋­ing”构成，表示主动、进行意义，还具有形 容词的作用，可在句中作表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语等。 The crying girl can't find her mother.那个正在哭的女孩找不到她妈妈了。 (定语) The story is interesting.这个故事很有趣。(表语) I saw him studying in the classroom.我看到他正在教室里学习。(宾语补足 语) Studying hard, you will pass the exam.只要你努力学习，就会通过考试。 (状语)
2．过去分词表示被动、完成意义，在句中作表语、定语、宾语补足语、 状语等。 She is very tired.她很疲劳。(表语) The boy wore a pair of faded jeans.那个男孩穿了一条褪色的牛仔裤。(定 语) She found the village greatly changed.她发现这个村庄变化很大。(宾语补 足语)
4．作定语 I have a lot of homework to do.我有许多家庭作业要做。 ★动词不定式与所修饰的名词之间是动宾关系，如果动词不定式是不及物 动词，其后要有相关的介词。 The cat is easy to take care of.这只猫很容易照顾。 5．作状语 Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.王太太去上海看她女儿。 (目的) We're glad to meet you here.我们很高兴在这儿见到你。(原因) He is too tired to work on.他太累了不能继续工作了。(结果)
2．(2020·河北预测)I heard her
afternoon. A．sing C．sung
B．singing D．to sing
a song when I passed her office last
2．有些动词既可接不定式也可接动名词，但表达的意义不同。
1．(2020·河北预测)Have you forgotten month? Will you please remember A．borrowing; to bring B．to borrow; to bring C．borrowed; bringing D．borrowing; bringing
1．(2020·河北预测)—I saw Jim —Oh, it's our new library. It A．walk; has opened B．walking; has been open C．walking; has opened D．walk; has been open
into that new building just now. to the public for a week.