3GPP 5G射频指标解释(包含发射和接收指标,图片展示,适用于初级和中级射频工程师)

合集下载
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

5G频段分两部分:FR1和FR2
下面是FR1也就是sub 6G的频段表:
国内运营商移动部署的5G频段是n41和n79,联通和电信部署的频段都是n78,具体频率范围如下:
中国移动:n41:2515~2675MHz,n79:4800~4900MHz;
中国电信:n78:3400~3500MHz;
中国联通:n78:3500~3600MHz;
3GPP中关于5G FR1(sub 6G)的射频指标要求都在38.101中,其中38.101-1和38.101-2分别定义的是SA架构下FR1(sub 6G)和FR1(毫米波)下的射频指标要求,38.101-3是ENDC 和5G CA组合下的5G射频指标要求,ENDC就是我们现阶段国内运营商正在推行的NSA架构。

因为NSA架构属于过渡阶段,运营商重点部署的是SA架构,因此本文重点讲述SA架构下5G的射频指标,也就是38.101-1。

3GPP相关文档下载地址:https:///ftp/Specs/archive/38_series/
发射指标:
6 发射特性
6.2 Transmitter power发射功率;
6. 2.1 UE maximum output power最大发射功率
以上测试取样周期至少为1个子帧,1ms,除非特别说明,对各自支持的所有带宽都有效6. 2.2 UE maximum output power reduction最大发射功率回退
5G NR允许终端在特定的调制方式、特定的RB分配机制下,适当回退最大发射功率,以适应高阶调制带来的发射指标超标或者占用带宽超标的问题;
6. 2.3 UE additional maximum output power reduction额外最大发射功率回退
额外最大功率回退是网络端基于杂散的额外要求而设定的,额外最大功率回退值和最大功率回退值不能重复叠加,取最大值做回退,
特定频段特定RB信令连接的最大功率回退
6.3 Output power dynamics输出功率动态范围
6.3.1 Minimum output power最小输出功率
The minimum controlled output power of the UE is defined as the power in the channel bandwidth for all transmit bandwidth configurations (resource blocks), when the power is set to a minimum value. The minimum output power is defined as the mean power in at least one sub-frame 1 ms. The minimum output power shall not exceed the values specified in Table 6.3.1-1.
最小发射功率的概念我们不应该陌生,无论是Wcdma还是LTE都有这项指标要求,在最小1个子帧(1ms)的测试周期内,所有带宽和RB配置下,都应该满足最小发射功率小于某个规定的大小。

这个指标的含义是手机终端和基站足够近的场景下,手机应该能够响应基站的要求,发射足够小的功率出来,从而可以最大可能的长时间上网。

6.3.2 Transmit OFF power发射关功率
Transmit OFF power is defined as the mean power in the channel bandwidth when the transmitter is OFF. The transmitter is considered OFF when the UE is not allowed to transmit on any of its ports.. The transmit OFF power is defined as the mean power in a duration of at least one sub-frame (1 ms) excluding any transient periods. The transmit OFF power shall not exceed the values specified in Table 6.3.2-1.
发射关功率的概念和LTE完全相同,网络要求终端关闭发射的时候,射频收发器的发射电路和PA 都关闭,此时在射频口测试到的功率既是发射关功率,测试周期也是至少1个子帧(1ms)。

这个指标反映的是终端保持安静的能力,主要是测试射频发射前端电路是否彻底关闭,以及是否有自激或者接收电路的锁相环电路有无泄露等。

6.3.3 Transmit ON/OFF time mask发射功率开关模板
6.3.3.2 General ON/OFF time mask通用开关模板
Figure 6.3.3.2-1: General ON/OFF time mask for NR UL transmission in FR1
10us内完成功率10%-90%和90%-10% 的上升和下降过程
6.3.3.4 PRACH time mask PRACH时间模板
6.3.3.6 SRS time mask SRS时间模板
6.3.4 Power control功率控制
6.3.4.2 Absolute power tolerance绝对功率容限
6.3.4.3 Relative power tolerance相对功率容限
6.3.4.4 Aggregate power tolerance合计功率容限
6.4 Transmit signal quality发射信号质量
6.4.1 Frequency error频率误差
要求的频率误差是载波频率±0.1PPM,测试周期1ms
6.4.2 Transmit modulation quality发射信号调制质量
6.4.2.1 Error Vector Magnitude矢量误差幅度
对非256QAM的调制方式来说,测试功率只要求比最小发射功率高即可,而256QAM的测试要求功率比最小功率高10dB以上。

也就是说并不需要在最大功率下测试EVM,大多数场景下只需要比最小功率大即可,但我们测试往往是设置的最大功率,这样的场景最恶劣,也最容易发现问题。

6.4.2.2 Carrier leakage载波泄露
Carrier leakage is an additive sinusoid waveform whose frequency is the same as the modulated waveform carrier frequency. The measurement interval is one slot in the time domain.
In the case that uplink sharing, the carrier leakage may have 7.5 kHz shift with the carrier frequency. The relative carrier leakage power is a power ratio of the additive sinusoid waveform and the modulated waveform. The relative carrier leakage power shall not exceed the values specified in Table .4.2.2-1
载波泄露是一种由于串扰或者直流偏移造成的干扰,表现为未经调制的载波频率上的正弦波。

这是一种幅度恒定且与信号幅度相对立的干扰。

信号的IQ分量会对中心的子载波造成干扰,尤其是输出的调制信号较小的时候影响更大,本测试项以载波泄露的形式测试UE发射机的调试质量。

6.4.2.3 In-band emissions带内杂散
The in-band emission is defined as the average emission across 12 sub-carriers and as a function of the RB offset from the edge of the allocated UL transmission bandwidth. The in-band emission is measured as the ratio of the UE output power in a non–allocated RB to the UE output power in an allocated RB. The basic in-band emissions measurement interval is defined over one slot in the time domain; however, the minimum requirement applies when the in-band emission measurement is averaged over 10
sub-frames. When the PUSCH or PUCCH transmission slot is shortened due to multiplexing with SRS, the in-band emissions measurement interval is reduced by one or more symbols, accordingly.
The average of the basic in-band emission measurement over 10 sub-frames shall not exceed the values specified in Table 6.4.2.3-1.
带内杂散定义为,12个子载波0RB的功率和满RB的功率之比,这个指标反映的是分配部分RB的时候对带内其他RB资源的干扰情况,因为都是分配带宽内,故称为带内杂散。

6.4.2.4 EVM equalizer spectrum flatness
6.4.2.4.1 Requirements for Pi/2 BPSK modulation
6.5 Output RF spectrum emissions输出射频发射频谱
6.5.1 Occupied bandwidth占用带宽
Occupied bandwidth is defined as the bandwidth containing 99 % of the total integrated mean power of the transmitted spectrum on the assigned channel. The occupied bandwidth for all transmission bandwidth configurations (Resources Blocks) shall be less than the channel bandwidth specified in Table 6.5.1-1.
6.5.2 Out of band emission带外杂散
The Out of band emissions are unwanted emissions immediately outside the assigned channel bandwidth resulting from the modulation process and non-linearity in the transmitter but excluding spurious emissions. This out of band emission limit is specified in terms of a spectrum emission mask and an adjacent channel leakage power ratio. 带外杂散包含SEM和ACLR两部分,其中SEM单位是绝对值dBm,而ACLR单位是相对值dBC。

6.5.2.2 Spectrum emission mask 发射频谱模板
The spectrum emission mask of the UE applies to frequencies (Δf OOB) starting from the edge of the
assigned NR channel bandwidth. For frequencies offset greater than F OOB。

发射频谱模板指的是channel bandwidth到Δf OOB之间的频谱,见上面的图片SEM部分。

6.5.2.4 Adjacent channel leakage ratio临道功率泄露
Adjacent channel leakage power Ratio (ACLR) is the ratio of the filtered mean power centred on the assigned channel frequency to the filtered mean power centred on an adjacent channel frequency.
ACLR指的是指定的信道对相邻的信道滤波后的平均功率之比,这个参数的好坏反映的当前终端
对同系统的其他用户的影响。

6.5.2.4.1 NR ACLR 5G NR临道功率泄露
6.5.2.4.2 UTRA ACLR UMTS制式临道功率泄露
UTRA adjacent channel leakage power ratio (UTRA ACLR) is the ratio of the filtered mean power centred on the assigned NR channel frequency to the filtered mean power centred on an adjacent(s) UTRA channel frequency.
UTRA ACLR is specified for the first adjacent UTRA channel (UTRA ACLR1) which center frequency is ±2.5 MHz from NR channel edge and for the 2nd adjacent UTRA channel (UTRA ACLR2) which center frequency is ± 7.5 MHz from NR channel edge.
和LTE类似,5G NR也有相应的对UMTS(WCDMA和TD-SCDMA)的邻道干扰的指标,ACLR1指的是5G信道边缘±2.5 MHz,ACLR2指的是5G信道边缘±7.5 MHz。

指标要求如下:
6.5.3 Spurious emissions发射杂散
这里的发射杂散是通用的发射杂散,和LTE的要求非常类似,是out of band emssions之外的频谱要求。

具体指标要求如下:
6.5.4 Transmit intermodulation 发射交调
The transmit intermodulation performance is a measure of the capability of the transmitter to inhibit the generation of signals in its non linear elements caused by presence of the wanted signal and an interfering signal reaching the transmitter via the antenna.
UE transmit intermodulation is defined by the ratio of the mean power of the wanted signal to the mean power of the intermodulation product when an interfering CW signal is added at a level below the wanted signal at each transmitter antenna port with the other antenna port(s) if any terminated. Both the wanted signal power and the intermodulation product power are measured through NR rectangular filter with measurement bandwidth shown in Table 6.5.4-1.
The requirement of transmit intermodulation is specified in Table 6.5.4-1.
发射交调反映的是天线口的非线性特性,分别在中心频点±信道带宽和2*信道带宽加注-40dBC 的CW信号,测试交调产物分别不超过-29dBc和-35dBC。

7 Receiver characteristics接收特性
7.2 Diversity characteristics分集特性
7.3 Reference sensitivity参考灵敏度
接收灵敏度,应该是射频领域中最基本的概念之一,是表示接收机能够在不超过一定误码率的情况下识别的最低信号强度。

这里说误码率,和LTE一样,是沿用GSM和WCDMA CS(Circuit Switched,电路域交换)时代的定义作一个通称。

在多数情况下,BER (Bit Error Rate,误比特率)或PER (Packet Error Rate,误包率)用来考察灵敏度。

而5G NR和LTE一样用Throughput(吞吐量)来表征灵敏度,用吞吐量不低于95%的最小信号表征5G NR的灵敏度。

先来看下灵敏度的计算公式:
Sensitivity = 10log10(KT0) + 10log10(BW)+NF+CNRmin
其中10log10(KT0)表示的是室温25℃的底噪-174dBm,在绝对零度-273℃时我们认为电子是不运动的,这个时候的底噪是-174dBm,室温下电子有活动了,但底噪增加的非常有限,为了计算方便,室温下的底噪还记做-174dBm。

BW:Band Width,带宽;
NF:Noise Figure,系统的噪声系数,一般指第一个低噪放的噪声系数;
CNRmin:Minimum Carrier Noise Ratio Allowed,系统解调所允许的最小载波噪声比;
以5G NR的20MHz业务为例,讲解下5G NR灵敏度的由来。

Sensitivity(LTE) = 10log10(KT0) + 10log10(BW)+NF+CNRmin
= -174dbm + 10log10(19.08*10^6)+ 6db + (-1)dB
= -174dBm+72.8+6dB+(-1)dB
=-96.2dBm
BW =20MHz业务实际占用带宽19MHz
NF = 6db(这里的NF对系统来说就是第一级LNA之前的插损加上该LNA自身的噪声系数NF)CNRmin : -1db
7.4 Maximum input level最大输入电平
测试方法:
上行功率设置为最大功率-4dB,DFT-S-OFDM QPSK,RB设置见下图提到的表(在文档38.521-1中),下行配置成CP-OFDM 64QAM和CP-OFDM 256QAM
要求在输入如下表格的电平时,吞吐量throughput不小于95%。

7.5 Adjacent channel selectivity临道选择性
Adjacent channel selectivity (ACS) is a measure of a receiver's ability to receive an NR signal at its assigned channel frequency in the presence of an adjacent channel signal at a given frequency offset from the centre frequency of the assigned channel. ACS is the ratio of the receive filter attenuation on the assigned channel frequency to the receive filter attenuation on the adjacent channel(s).
邻道选择性测试的是在主信道相邻的信道加一个干扰信号,主信道灵敏度恶化的情况能否满足要求。

ACS指标是主信道的滤波器衰减值对相邻信道的滤波器衰减值之比。

测试方法:
<2700MHz的频段
Case1:主接收信号的电平设置为REFSENS+14dB,干扰功率大小REFSENS+32.5dB,干扰信号带
宽5MHz,干扰信号的频率±52.5MHz。

Case2:主接收信号的电平设置为-43.5dBm,干扰功率大小-25dBm,干扰信号带宽5MHz,干扰信号的频率±52.5MHz。

>3300MHz的频段
Case1:主接收信号的电平设置为REFSENS+14dB,干扰功率大小REFSENS+45.5dB,干扰信号带宽BW,干扰信号的频率±BW。

Case2:主接收信号的电平设置为-56.5dBm,干扰功率大小-25dBm,干扰信号带宽BW,干扰信号的频率±BW。

注意,以上的干扰信号都是和主信号一样SCS设置的5G NR信号。

指标要求:
7.6 Blocking characteristics阻塞特性
The blocking characteristic is a measure of the receiver’s ability to receive a wanted signal at its assigned channel frequency in the presence of an unwanted interferer on frequencies other than those of the spurious response or the adjacent channels, without this unwanted input signal causing a degradation of the performance of the receiver beyond a specified limit. The blocking performance shall apply at all frequencies except those at which a spurious response occurs.
阻塞特性反映的是接收机在除了杂散响应或者临道频率干扰信号下接收正常信号的能力
7.6.2 In-band blocking带内阻塞
测试方法:
下行CP_OFDM QPSK 1/3 coderate;
<2700MHz的频段,BW带宽有用信号,功率:REFSESN+16dB
Case1:在有用信号中心频率±(BW/2+7.5MHz)的位置发送功率为-56dBm,带宽5MHz的干扰信号;
Case2:在有用信号中心频率±(BW/2+12.5MHz)的位置一直到频段上下15MHz的位置,发送功率为-44dBm,带宽5MHz的干扰信号;
>3300MHz的频段,有用信号带宽BW,功率:REFSESN+6dB
Case1:在有用信号中心频率±(BW+150MHz)的位置发送功率为-56dBm,带宽BW的干扰信号;Case2:在有用信号中心频率±(BW+250MHz)的位置一直到频段上下3*BW的位置,发送功率为-44dBm,带宽BW的干扰信号;
7.6.3 Out-of-band blocking带外阻塞
RRC连接状态下,在频段内任选一位置,仪器设置较小的下行功率,以min(BW/2,5MHz)的频率步进测试不同位置的连续波(CW)干扰信号,控制手机上行功率“最大功率-4dB”
下行设置:CP-OFDM QPSK 1/3 code rate;上行设置:DFT-S-OFDM QPSK
<2700MHz的频段,有用信号带宽BW,功率大小:REFSENS+16dB;
干扰range1:频段边缘上下15~60MHz的位置发送功率-44dBm的干扰信号;
干扰range2:频段边缘上下60~85MHz的位置发送功率-30dBm的干扰信号;
干扰range3:频段下边缘1~85MHz ,频段上边缘85MHz~12.75GHz的位置发送功率-15dBm的干扰信号;
注意:频段上边缘6GHz以上的干扰信号功率设置成-20dBm。

>3300MHz的频段,有用信号带宽BW,功率大小:REFSENS+9dB;
干扰range1:频段边缘上下3*BW~60MHz的位置发送功率-44dBm的干扰信号;
干扰range2:频段边缘上下MAX(60,3BW)~200MHz的位置发送功率-30dBm的干扰信号;
干扰range3:频段边缘上下MAX(200,3BW)之外的位置发送功率-15dBm的干扰信号;
注意:频段上边缘6GHz以上的干扰信号功率设置成-20dBm。

7.6.4 Narrow band blocking窄带阻塞
RRC连接状态下,设置CW干扰信号,功率-55dBm,频点位置在信号带宽的上下边缘
上行:CP-OFDM QPSK 1/3 code rate,有用信号带宽20MHz,功率REFSENS+16dB,CW干扰信号功率-55dBm,距离中心位置±10.2075MHz
7.7 Spurious response杂散响应
测试方法:
RRC连接下,与OOB测试同样的配置,针对OOB测试中不满足要求的频率位置使用-44dBm的连续波CW干扰信号进行测试。

<2700MHz的频段,100MHz有用信号,下行功率设置为REFSENS+16dB,干扰CW大小-44dBm;>3300MHz的频段,100MHz有用信号,下行功率设置为REFSENS+9dB,干扰CW大小-44dBm;
合格与否的标志,是吞吐量Throughput不低于95%。

由于互调、时钟、晶振等各种频率分量引起的干扰信号过多,允许终端在一些频率位置上不满足OOB的指标要求,而满足相对宽松的杂散响应要求,这也是杂散响应的含义所在。

7.8 Intermodulation characteristics交调特性
7.8.2 Wide band Intermodulation宽带交调特性
7.9 Spurious emissions杂散响应。

相关文档
最新文档