英语：Unit3-Under-the-sea教学案

Unit3 Under the sea---教学案
学科英语教材名称高中英语选修七课题Unit3 Under the sea
年级高二学段第一学段备课组长主备人王惠琴
一、概述
·“Under the sea”是高中人教版新课标英语新教材二年级选修七第三单元课文。

·本单元课文所需课时为5课时，共需200分钟，本节课是第二课时,40分钟；
·“Under the sea”是一篇科普文章，中心话题为海底世界。

听说读写活动主要围绕海底植物、海底奇妙景观以及有关大海神话故事展开的。

·这节课主要培养学生的阅读、归纳能力和联想、创新思维精神。

二、教材分析
本单元的中心话题为海底世界。

听说读写活动主要围绕海底植物、海底奇妙景观以及有关大海神话故事展开的。

1. Warming Up 部分以海底生物（包括动物和植物）为话题，主要讨论三个方面的问题；学生所见过的海底生物，在何处见过这些海底生物，学生最喜欢的海底生物。

2. Pre-reading 部分设计了一个读图题，图片内容为：Killer whales are attacking a baleen whale with whalers waiting by in their boat，harpoon at the ready. 由此引入阅读文章的相关背景知识：作者、职业、文体等。

3. Reading 是一篇以第一人称口吻讲述了一个名叫Old Tom的虎鲸的故事。

学生阅读此文可以了解人类如何利用鲸捕杀鲸的残酷事实，同时可以从文中学到许多描述事物和情景的生动手法。

4. Comprehending 共有3个练习就课文内容进行讨论，重点检测学生对课文深层次的理解，也以进行适当的拓展，让学生讨论是否应该关闭捕鲸站并保护鲸。

5. Learning about Language部分是词汇训练，和语法训练，通过用所给词的适当形式填空，复习V-ing 形式的被动式的用法。

6. Using Language分为四部分，综合训练听说读写的能力。

三、教学目标
1·. Ability goals 能力目标
To help students develop their reading abilityby skimming for main ideas and scanning for details.
To help studen ts solve the reading problems with the teacher’s guidance
2. Learning ability goals 学能目标
To help students learn about animals and plants under the sea
To get students to master some key words, such as witness,abandon,reflect,drag,be aware of and so on
四、教学重点和难点
Teaching important points：教学重点
1.Help to comprehend the text and grasp the main idea of the text.
2.Guide students to learn about the usage of some key expressions,revise the key words and the language ponits, grammar learned in the last passage.
Difficult Points: 教学难点
1.To help students get the main idea and some information by skimming and scanning the passage .
2.To help students tell apart from when, while and as .
五、学情分析
1.Most of the students are poor in English.
2.Students are active in thinking and comunicating,especially interseted in the given topic—Under the sea
六、教学策略选择与设计
1. 设计的基本理念
“Under the sea”一课倡导英语新课标理念下的合作学习。

根据英语《课程标准》的指导思想,英语课程改革的重点是要改变传统教学强调课程从学生的学习兴趣和认知水平出发，倡导学生体验参与、合作与交流的学习方式和“任务型”的教学模式，让学生去发现问题、解决问题，提高合作意识，培养合作精神，从而实现学生的主体地位，发展学生的综合语言运用能力。

2．教学与活动策略
本课综合运用讲授式、启发式、自主学习、协作学习等各种策略，提供大量的学习资源，指导学生进行自主探索学习。

设计的教学活动遵循快读—详读—巩固—练习—运用。

这样的设计是由梯度的，完成从理解到表达的过渡。

七、教学资源与工具设计
·本节课是在高二文科班多媒体教室实施的。

·专门为本课设计、制作的资源课件
·收录机和本课的课文录音磁带
八、教学过程(Teaching procedure)
Step 1. Warming up talking about ocean plants and ocean animals
Hello, class. This week we shall go to the sea to learn about ocean plants and animals.
About Ocean Plants
There are two general types of plants found in the ocean, those having roots that are attached to the ocean bottom and those not having roots which simply drift about with the water.
About Ocean Animals
Ocean animals are divided into three groups: zooplankton, nekton, and benthos. Zooplankton are drifting small animals, however, they can grow to fairly large size. For example, the jellyfish .
Step 2. Pre-reading
What is an anecdote? Let's start with a definition:
"Anecdote: a usually short narrative of an interesting, amusing, or biographical incident."
Give some anecodotes you have read
Step 3. Reading
1.Reading aloud to the recording
Now turn to page 20 and read aloud to the recording of the text Old Tom You are asked to copy all the useful expressions into your notebook after class as homework. You may make your own sentences with each of these expressions.
Expressions from Old Tom The Killer Whale
at the time在那时, witness…with my own eyes亲眼所见……, sort out整理；分类, run down to…跑
向……；追捕, throw… out of the water使……失去（离开）水, ahead of…在……之前, race after…追赶……, head out into …朝……去, flee out to sea逃逸出海, point to…指向……, thea pack of ex cited dogs一群兴奋的狗, within a moment or two在一时片刻, be dragged by… down into…被……拽入……, the depths of the sea海底深处, have a good feed on…美美地享用……, handle the boat掌舵, be abandoned by…被……遗弃,
4. Understanding difficult sentences
In groups of four, analyze the structure of any of the difficult sentences. If you have any problems which are too difficult for you to solve do not hesitate to put them to me.
Reading and transferring
In pairs, read the text, find information to complete the following form.
When Where Who What
On the afternoon, in June 1902 At the whaling station I , a 16-year-old boy Witnessing killers helping the whalers catch the huge whales
Comprehension questions
1. How did the killers help the whalers catch the whale? The wrong one is___.
A. Old Tom reported the news to the whalers.
B. Some stopped it fleeing out to sea.
C. Some used the harpoon to hit the whale.
D. Some killers threw themselves on top of the whale to stop it breathing.
2. Which order is correct according to the passage?
A. Clancy heard a huge noise coming from the bay.
B. Clancy grabbed his boots and raced after George to the boat.
C. The killers started racing between our boats and the whale.
D. The man in the bow of the boat aimed the harpoon at the whale.
A. ABCD
B. ACBD
C. BDAC
D. DBCA
3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Killer whales are whalers’ friends.
B. Killer whales often hunt cooperatively in groups for food.
C. Killer whales like eating the lips and tongues of whales.
D. There’s no danger in the sea because killer w hales can protect human beings.
PartⅠ Vocabulary and Useful Expressions
●重点单词
1．annual adj.每年的；按年度计算的n.年刊；年鉴→annually adv.每年地；年度地→anniversary n．周年纪念
2．witness vt.当场见到；目击n．目击者；证人；证据
3．accommodation n．住所；住宿4．opposite prep.在……对面adj.相对的；相反的
5．pause vi. & n．暂停；中止
6．telescope n．望远镜
7．flee vi.逃避；逃跑vt.逃离→fled/fled (过去式/过去分词)
8．drag vt.拖；拉；扯
9．depth n．深(度)；深处
10．urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策
11．abandon vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃→abandoned adj.放纵的；堕落的
12．target n．目标；靶；受批评的对象
13．reflect vi.思考vt.映射；反射；思考→reflection n．映像；思考；反映
14．aware adj.意识到的；知道的→awareness n．意识
15．neat adj.(口)好的；整齐的；匀称的
16．scare vt.恐吓vi.受惊吓→scared adj.恐惧的；害怕的→scary adj.引起恐慌的
17．Antarctic adj.南极的
18．awesome adj.使人敬畏的；令人畏惧的→awe n. & vt.敬畏；使畏惧；满心敬畏→awful adj.可怕的，吓人的，极度的，很糟的→awfully adv.极度地，十分地
●重点短语
1．in the meantime在此期间；与此同时
2．be/become aware of 对……知道、明白；意识到……
3．(be) scared to death 吓死了
4．draw near 靠近
5．hold up 阻挡
6．help(...) out 帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难
7．upside down 上下翻转
8．sort out 整理；分类；收拾
9．aim at 瞄准
10．be about to do sth. 正要做某事
●重点句型
1．This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt.
这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的声音。

2．“Come on,_Clancy. To the boat,”．..
快点，克兰西。

快到船上去，”……
3．I‘m sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day—a day of pure magic!
我坐在温暖的夜色中，手持一杯冷饮回忆着这一天——这奇妙至极的一天！
4．The fish didn’t seem to mind me swimming among them.
鱼儿好像不介意我在它们中间游动。

核词心单
1. witness
vt.当场见到；目击
vi. 作证
n.目击者；证人；证据
We all came to witness history .
我们聚集在一起见证历史.
He witnessed to having seen the man enter the building.
他作证看到那个男人进入这栋建筑物。

Life without a friend is death without a witness.
在世无朋友,死后无证人。

相关短语：
be a witness to 是…的目击者
give witness on behalf of 替…作证
witness to 为某事作证说
单项填空
Many people the car accident, so it was not difficult to investigate. （2010·01·陕西宝鸡检测）witnessed B. harnessed C. swallowed D. drugged
The girl was shocked by the violent scenes she had ____.
A. happened
B. looked
C. witnessed
D. viewed 【解析】C 本题考查词语辨析。

句意为：这个女孩被她亲眼目睹的暴力场面惊呆了。

witness意为“目击, 见证”，符合语境。

2. accommodation
(1) 房间，住所
He has booked accommodation at a hotel .(他已经在宾馆预订了房间。

）
(2) 膳宿（常用复数）
This hospital has accommodations for 600 patients.（这家医院为600名病人提供膳宿。

）
(3) accommodate 向…提供住处，接纳(v)
The house will accommodate two families. （这间房子能容纳两家人。

）
相关短语：
(1) make accommodations for 为…提供膳宿
(2) arrange sb’s accommodation 给某人安排住处
(3) accommodate …to = adapt… to 使…适应
You will have to accommodate yourself to the situation.(你必须要让自己适应这种形势）
(4) accommodate sb with sth = supply sb with sth 给某人提供某物
The bank will accommodate you with a loan.（银行将会给你提供贷款）
3.flee
(vi, vt) 逃跑，逃离，迅速消散，消失,破灭(fled ,fled )
He fled his hometown during the war.
在战争期间他逃离了他的家乡。

His hope fled when he was refused the admittance to the company.
当他被拒绝进入这家公司时，他的希望破灭了。

单项填空：（keys:A B )
( ) 1. Luckily, the cat ____ being caught.
A. escaped
B. tried
C. overcame
D. managed
( ) 2. A ware of being surrounded, the enemy ____ in disorder.
A. cried
B. fled
C. fought
D. walked
4.drag
vt.拖；拉；扯
n.令人厌烦的人/事；累赘
相关短语：
drag behind 落在后面
drag in 扯进来
drag sb down 使某人沮丧
drag on 拖延
Her skirt dragged on the floor. 她的裙子拖在地上。

翻译下列句子：
He dragged himself/his tired feet home .
他拖着疲倦的步子回家。

He drew the curtain apart.
他拉开了窗帘。

He pulled the door and rushed in.
他一下子拉开门冲了进来。

易混辨析（从以上例句总结）
drag/draw/pull
drag _______________________________
draw_______________________________
pull ________________________________
(答案：近义词辨析：① drag 费力，缓慢而艰难地拉、拖较重的物体。

②draw 从容地拉、拖
③pull 突然、急速地拉，方式不限。

）
翻译句子
那个国家卷入了战争之中。

(The country was dragged in the war.)
_______________________________
5. urge
vt.催促；极力主张；驱策
常用结构：
urge sth on/upon sb 力劝某人某事；催促某人某事
urge sb to do sth 激励某人做某事；怂恿某人做某事
urge that...... 主张……（用虚拟语气）
翻译：
_______________________________
他们怂恿我吃那种奇怪的食物。

_______________________________
她主张我应该向他道歉。

（keys:1.They urged me to eat the strange food.
2.She urged that I apologize to him.)
联想拓展
urgency n.紧急，迫切，急迫
urgent adj.紧急的，急迫的;执拗的
In case of urgency, call the police.
一旦发生紧急情况，打电话给警察。

They were urgent in their demands.
他们坚持他们所提出的要求。

单项填空
The captain urged his team D make greater effort. （2010·01·陕西师大附中检测）
A. with
B. on
C. of
D. to
6. abandon
vt.遗弃；抛弃；放弃
常用结构：
abandon oneself to sth 沉迷于.........
联想拓展
\[U\]遗弃；离弃；抛弃；放弃
放弃者；遗弃者；投保者
承保人；被遗弃者
被遗弃的；无拘束的
（keys: abandonment ; abandoner ; abandonee; abandoned )
翻译：
① There was an abandoned house by the riverside.
_________________________________________________________________________ ② He lives an abandoned life.
_________________________________________________________________________ (答案：①河边有一座被遗弃的房子。

②他过着无拘无束的
单项填空
As time goes on, fewer and fewer old men are D in the countryside. （2010·01·山东青岛模块检测）
A. abandon
B. to abandon
C. abandoning
D. being abandoned
7. aware
adj.意识到的；知道的
常用结构：
be／become aware of sth. 意识到某事
be aware that-clause 知道...... ，意识到......
make sb.aware that-clause 提醒某人注意......
make sb.aware of 让某人注意到......
他没有意识到危险。

她知道我已经完成任务了吗? （keys:He is not aware of danger.
Was she aware that I had finished the task?)
联想拓展
unaware adj.不察觉的；不知道的
awareness n.知道；意识
温馨提示
aware后跟名词性从句时，一般在从句前不能用of，但在what从句前必须用of。

用适当的介词或aware的适当形式填空
①When you write your goals in a particular way, you are able to make yourself continuously aware _______ situations that will bring you nearer to your goal.
②The principal didn’t seem to be aware there should have been so much dispute about the decision.
③Health officials throughout the world have tried to make people raise about AIDS.
④Mike seems of the trouble he’s causing, otherwise he would stop it.
答案：① of ② that ③awareness ④unaware
8. hang
v.悬挂;吊;施以绞刑;垂下
The boy hung his head in shame. 那个男孩羞愧地低下了头。

联想拓展
hang back 踌躇不前；退缩
hang down 下垂；低下头
hang on to 紧紧握住；坚持下去
hang on 抓紧；取决于；不挂断电话
hang about=hang around 徘徊；荡来荡去
hang by/on/upon a thread/hair 千钧一发
hang it doubt 疑惑不决
hang up 悬挂；吊；终止；挂断电话
单项填空
I was so angry that I on him.
A. hung down
B. hung up
C. hanged on
D. hang back
解析：选B。

句意为：我太生气了，以至于我挂掉了他的电话。

hang down下垂；低下头; hang on紧紧握住；坚持下去；（打电话不挂断）; hang back犹豫；畏缩; hang up悬挂；吊；终止；挂断电话。

重点短语
9. sort out
整理；挑出; 处理(问题／困难)
I’ve sorted out the papers that c an be thrown away.
我已经把那些可以扔掉的报纸整理出来了。

We’ve got a few problems to sort out.
我们有几个问题要解决。

联想拓展
sort through 翻查;归整;整理
put away 把……存放好
He was sorting through a pile of papers on his desk。

他在整理桌上的一堆文件。

Put away your books, please.
请将书本收起来。

翻译句子
①他从相片中挑出自己的，并把它们放到相册中。

②放学了，把书本收好。

答案：①He sorted his own photos out from others and kept them in an album.
②After school, put away your books.
10. help(...) out
帮助（某人）摆脱困难或危难
Can you help me out with the maths problem?
你能帮我解出这道数学题吗?
联想拓展
help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事
with the help of 在……的帮助下；借助
help oneself to 请随便自己动手(夹菜吃、用……等) can’t help doing sth. 禁不住，忍不住
can’t help but do sth. 只能；不得不
Please help yourself to some fish. 请随便吃点鱼。

She can’t help laughing. 她忍不住大笑起来。

I can’t help but wait. 我只能等。

11. throw oneself out of 跃出
The man suddenly threw himself out of the water and said:“I’m here”.
那个人突然跃出水面说:“我在这儿”。

联想拓展
throw oneself at 冲向
throw oneself into 投身于；积极从事
throw away 扔掉
throw up 呕吐
throw sb. into prison 把某人投入监狱
throw at 对准向……扔去(希望击中) throw to 向……(方向)扔去
翻译句子
①休息了一会后，他重新投入了救援工作。

②你可以帮他把书递给他，但向别人投掷书本是不对的。

答案：①After a short rest, he threw himself into rescuing again.
②You can help him to give this book to him but it’s wrong to throw books at others.
12. upside down
上下翻转
The naughty child is always turning everything in the room upside down.
这淘气的孩子总是把房间的东西搞得乱七八糟。

联想拓展
inside out 里面朝外，翻面的
He wore the sweatshirt inside out.
他把运动衫反过来穿。

翻译句子
①你把那幅画挂颠倒了！
②春节期间，中国人喜欢将“福”字倒过来挂。

答案：①You’ve hung that picture upside down!
②In the Spring Festival, C hinese people would like to hang the character “fu” upside down.
13. bring in
带来; 获利，赚；求援；求助；引进
Bring those suspects in. 把嫌疑犯们带进来。

The sale brought us in over $1000.
这笔买卖使我们赚了一千多美元。

They began to use English, but they also brought in some words from their own languages.
他们开始使用英语，但他们同时也从自己的语言中吸收一些词汇。

联想拓展
bring about changes 引起变化
bring along 把……带来
bring back 归还
bring down 使倒下;降低;减少
bring on 使前进
bring out 使显现;出版;穿着
bring up 教育;抚养;呕吐
单项填空
Summertime out neat, belted cotton dresses and a hat pulled low over her sunglasses.
A.took
B. brought
C. carried
D. turned
解析：选B。

bring out意为“穿着”。

句意为：夏天她穿着干净、扎腰带的棉布裙，低戴着帽子遮着太阳镜。

根据句意，选B。

重点句型
14. It was a time when the killer whales, or “killers” as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.
那个时期，虎鲸（当时被称为“杀手”）帮助捕鲸人在每年须鲸迁徙时捕捉须鲸。

It was/is a time when ... 曾经一度（那时）
It was a time when motorcars were rare.
那时汽车是很罕见的。

It was a time when she could not bear the pain and wanted to kill herself.
她曾经一度无法忍受病痛，想结束自己的生命。

翻译句子
①曾经没人能理解我的计划和雄心。

②现在这一社区的人们相互帮助，和谐相处。

答案：①It was a time when no one could understand my plan and ambition.
②It is a time when people in the community would like to help each other and live harmoniously.
PartⅡ Warming-up, Pre-reading and Reading Reading Comprehension：
Before the hunt
♦The killer whale threw itself out of the water and
then crashed down again.
♦It swam by the boat, showing the whalers the way.
During the hunt
♦The killers were working as a team.
♦Some were throwing themselves on top of the whale’s
blow-hole to stop it breathing. Others were stopping it
fleeing out to sea.
After the hunt
♦The killers dragged the dead body down into the depths
of the sea, having a good feed on its lips and tongue .
Put the following sentences into correct order.
（) Using a telescope we could see that something was happening.
( ) The killers started racing between our boat and the whale.
( ) Clancy arrived at the station.
( ) The men started turning the boat around to go home.
( ) Clancy heard a huge noise coming from the bay.
( ) The whale yelled out.
( ) We jumped into the boat with the other whalers and headed out into the bay.
( ) The man in the bow of the boat aimed the harpoon at the whale.
(Answer: 5 6 1 8 2 3 4 7)
Choose the best answer according to the text:
1. The first story is mainly about. _B
A. a hunting experience of Old Tom
B. how Old Tom helped with whale hunting
C. how the whalers killed a whale
D. how killer whales killed a whale
2. The second story was told to C.
A. show killer whales were cruel hunters
B. entertain readers
C. show killer whales could protect and save people in danger
D. show killer whales never harmed or attacked people.
3. According to the second story, the
killer whales can protect men from being attacked by D.
A. whales
B. tigers
C. enemies
D. sharks
4. C killed the whale at last.
A. Old Tom
B. The killer whales
C. The whalers
D. The author
5. Why did the men start turning the boat around to go home after the whale died? C
A. Because they didn’t need a dead whale.
B. Because they couldn’t find the whale’s body.
C. Because they knew that the dead whale wouldn’t float up to the surface for around 24 hours.
D. They had to do this because it was too late.
6. Which of the following might be true? C
A. The author was for banning(禁止) whaling(捕鲸).
B. The author was against banning whaling.
C. Whaling was not banned at the beginning of the 20th century.
D. The author thought it was Old Tom’s d uty to protect James.
7. We can infer from the text that ___A__.
A. the killer whales may be trained by the whalers
B. the killer whales want to help man catch the whales themselves
C. the killer whales need no training for helping the whalers
D. the killer whales want to help whales after being killed
课后练习：
I. Summary
Fill in the blanks according to the passage.Working at the _____ station, I had _____ whales being attacked many times. On the afternoon I arrived at the station, as I _____ (sort 短语) my accommodation, I heard a loud noise coming from the bay. Running down to the shore in time, we saw an ____ (huge 同义词) animal.“It is called Old Tom, the killer,” George said as he ran ahead of me. _____ the distance we could see that something was happening. As we _________ (draw), I could see a whale_________ by a _____ of about six killers. Being badly wounded, the whale soon died. Very soon, its body was ______ by the killers down into the________ of the sea.
（Keys: whaling; witnessed; was sorting out; enormous; in; drew nearer; being attacked; pack; dragged; depths )
II. Complete the following sentences with proper words.
1. The police are appealing to the public for any driver who may have ___________(目击) the accident.
2. The professor _________ (暂停) for a moment, and then continued his speech.
3. Before cleaning the bedroom, you’d better d________ the carpet out of it.
4. One week ago, my parents u_______that I (should) apologize to him.
5. The childless old lady offered to adopt one of the children _____________ (遗弃) by their parents.
6. You do not have to y____; I can hear you clearly.
7. Have you heard of the frogmen _______(潜水) for the sunken treasure?
8. Many German artists f_____ to America at the beginning of World War II.
(Keys: witnessed; paused; drag; urged; abandoned; yell; diving; fled; )
III. Translation
1. I had already heard that George didn’t like _____________________________ (等人).
2. I could see a whale ________________________ (被攻击) by a pack of about six other killers.
3. _____________________________(受了重伤), the whale soon died.
4. From James’s face, I could see he was terrified of __________________(被遗弃) by us.
5. I ______________________________ (把这个消息告诉她) as soon as she comes back.
6. She looks __________________________________________. (好像玩得挺开心).
7. He arrived home just in time to _________________________________ (看到他的兄弟被带走) by the police.
8. The broken bike was found ______________________________________ (被弃在河边).
(Keys: 1.being kept waiting; 2.being attacked; 3.Being badly wounded; 4.being abandoned; 5.will / shall tell her the news; 6.as though / as if she has had a good time; 7.witness his brother being taken away;
8.abandoned by the river side )
Part III Grammar
被动语态（二）
— v-ing的被动语态
一. 回顾v-ing的形式
语态
时态
主动形式被动形式
一般式
完成式
（Keys: 一般式（not）doing; (not) being done; 完成式（not）having done; (not) having been done)
★V-ing 可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语，但不能单独作谓语。

二v-ing的用法
1.作主语
★Swimming is good for health.
★______ (raise) your hat to a lady is good manners . 对一位女士脱帽致敬是礼貌的。

★ ____________ (kill) by sharks in the sea is a common thing .
(Keys: Raising; Being killed )
It’s no use (good) doing sth
It’s a waste of time doing sth
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。

It is a waste of time ___________ (talk) to him .
It is important for me _______________ (learn) English .
（Keys: talking; to learn )
Exercises 1
(1)_____ the exam will disappoint your parents.
A. You failing
B. Your failing
C. You fail
D. You to fail.
（2). I don't think it's much good _____ to him.
A. writing
B. to write
C. write
D. written
(3). _________ the same mistake again made his parents very angry. （他犯同一个错误）
(4).It is no use _______ without __________. （光说不做是没用的。

）
（Keys: B; A; Making; talking; doing )
2. 作表语
☆Teaching is learning. 教学相长．
☆My hobby is __________ (make) model planes. (making )
☆What worried the child most was C to visit his mother in the hospital .
A his not allowing
B his not being allowing
C his being allowed
D having not been allowed
注意一
Playing with fire is dangerous.
To play with fire will be dangerous.
①动名词作主语表示__________多次行为，
不定式作主语往往表示___________的动作。

(答案：一般或抽象的；具体的或一次性）
To see is to believe.
= Seeing is believing.
② V-ing形式和不定式同时作主语和表语其前后形式要____________
(答案：保持一致）
3.作宾语
V-ing 形式既可作动词的宾语, 也可作介词的宾语。

★ We would appreciate hearing from you．我们会珍惜你的来信。

★ The bird escaped ______________ (catch) .
★ I feel like __________ (join) the army.
★ He was afraid of _________________ (abandon) by us.
(Keys:being caught; joining; being abandoned )
注意：在avoid, admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on , instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on 等后只接V-ing形式作宾语。

注意二
①在want，need，require, deserve (值得）等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。

want/need/require doing =want/need/require to be done
The problem requires___________________.
这个问题需要认真研究。

The trees want __________.
这些树需要浇水了。

②在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。

His suggestion is worth considering.
The book is worth________.
③allow，advise，forbid，permit doing sth
allow, advise, forbid, permit sb to do sth
We don’t _____________here. (不许吸烟)
We don’t_____________________here. (不许学生吸烟)
(Keys: ① studying carefully; watering; ② reading ③ allow smoking; allow students to smoke ) Exercises 2
(1)The thief entered the room without _____.
A. noticing
B. being noticed
C. having noticed
D. having been noticed
(2) The sentence wants __________ once more.
A. to explain
B. explaining
C. being explained
D. to be explained it
(3) When he heard the big noise, Tom stopped ________(read) and ________ (go) to the window to see what was happening.
(4) I am busy _________ (prepare) for the entrance examination, so I can’t help ________ (do) housework at home.
(Keys: B; B; reading; went; preparing; to do )
4. 作定语
＊The girl standing there is my sister .
＊This is a piece of _________(surprise) news .
＊The problem___________________ (discuss) now is very important.
＊The farmers ____________ (work) in the fields are tired .
(Keys: surprising; being discussed; working )
5. 作状语
◆ Hearing he good news , he jumped with joy .
◆ He sat at the table , __________ (read) China Daily .
◆ __________ ( work ) hard , you will succeed .
( Keys: reading; working )
6. 作宾语补足语:
● I saw people coming and going in th e street .
● I heard her ___________ (sing) a song in her room.
● You’ll find the topic _____________ (discuss) everywhere now.
( Keys: singing; being discussed )
7.--- V-ing 一般式和一般式的被动形式;
1) He hurried home , looking behind from time to time .
____________________________________________________
2) The building being repaired is our dormitory.
_____________________________________________________
(答案：1.他匆匆忙忙的回家，并不时的回头往后看 2.正在修建的这栋大楼是我们的宿舍）
练一练：
（1）George didn’t like ______________.（被嘲笑）
（2）I could see he was terrified of ______________by us.（被抛弃）
--- V-ing 的完成式和完成式的被动形式
3) Having lit a candle , she went out.
_________________________________________________________
4) Having been given such a good chance , you should catch it.
__________________________________________________________
参观了图书馆之后，我们又去了实验室。

_________________________, we went to the lab.
你记得十岁的时候曾被带去北京吗？
Do you remember _________________________ at the age of ten?
(Keys:1 being laughed; 2 being abandoned; 3点燃蜡烛之后他就出去了；4 给你这么好的机会，你应该抓住；Having visited the library; being taken to )
Exercises 3
Fill in the blanks :
1. _________ (turn) to the right , you will find the place you want .
2. ___________ (ask) to put on performance , she refused .
3. _______________ (finish) his work , Henry went home .
4. ________ (learn) new words is useful.
5.________ badly___________ (wound), the whale soon died.
6. James was afraid of ________________ (attack) by sharks.
7.The children enjoy_______________(take) to the aquarium.
8.Anemone fish hide in the coral to avoid _____________ (catch)
9. I didn’t mind ___________ (leave) at home .
10. The house wants _________ (clean).
11. He came in without __________ (ask).
12. _________________ (show) around the library , we were taken to see the lab.
13. He disliked _______________ (interrupt) in his experiment .
14. _________________ (not, receive) an answer , I wrote to him again .
15. _________________ (give) such a good chance , you should catch it
将下列句子翻译成英语。

1.他受不了别人那样开他的玩
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. 告诉过这个男孩几次，最终他明白了。

_______________________________________________________________________________
(Keys:1.Turning; 2.Being asked; 3.Having finished; 4.Learning;5. Being ; wounded; 6.being attacked; 7.taking;
8.being caught;9. being left;10. cleaning; 11.being asked; 12.Having been shown; 13.being interrupted; 14.Not having received;15. Having been given
1.He cant’t bear being made fun of like that;
2.Having been told several times,the boy finally understood )
单元测试
第一卷(共85分)
第一部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1．Students should be encouraged to use ________ Internet as ________ resource.
A．/；a B．/；the C．the；the D．the；a
答案 D
解析the Internet因特网，为固定搭配；as a resource作为一种资源，此处用a表示泛指。

2．The new apartment built a few months ago is large enough to ________ over 500 people.
A．contain B．provide C．reside D．accommodate
答案 D
解析accommodate为……提供住宿，容纳；指“旅馆”等能为多少旅客提供住处；也指“交通工具”能搭载多少旅客。

3．—What made Alice so angry?
—________ in the rain for an hour.
A．Being kept waiting B．Being kept to wait
C．Because of waiting D．She was kept waiting
答案 A
解析考查动名词被动形式作主语。

keep后跟动名词。

4．Thanks to the barking dog，the thief was ________ and we didn’t lose anything.
A．got away B．broken away
C．scared away D．taken away
答案 C
解析scare away把某人或某物吓走，符合题意。

5．On feeling the earthquake，the teacher stayed calm in the front of the classroom，________ all the students to rush out of the classroom as quickly as possible.
A．encouraging B．hoping
C．demanding D．urging
答案 D
解析encourage鼓励，不符合语境；hope，demand一般不跟含不定式的复合结构，故排除。

urge 督促，催促，合乎句意。

6．Mr.Black ________ out for shopping when he heard the telephone ring，so he had to stay for a while to answer it.
A．had no sooner gone B．had hardly gone
C．was about to go D．was willing to go
答案 C
解析从下文“他只好等一会儿接电话”可排除A、B两项；was about to go...when符合语境。

7．His ________ description of his adventure in the forest made us want to have a try ourselves.
A．magic B．vivid C．relevant D．awesome
答案 B
解析生动的描述，其余选项不合题意。

8．Most medical men in the Health Service are overworked，so they had little time to offer some advice on such subjects as diet，right living and the need for ________ bad habits.
A．abandoning B．abolishing C．polishing D．solving
答案 A
解析由于工作劳累(overworked)，所以没有时间提供建议，对于坏习惯，应该abandon(抛弃，终止)。

9．The school should spend some time training students to ________ in any emergency，especially with all in the buildings.
A．test out B．bring out C．squeeze out D．help out
答案 D
解析句意为：学校应训练学生在紧急情况下互相帮助，脱离危险，特别是在楼上。

10．Opening the window，we saw a high mountain ________ us going up into the sky，just like a skyscraper.
A．against B．across C．opposite D．through
答案 C
解析打开窗户，我们对面就是一座大山。

opposite在……对面。

11．Customers should learn to ________ advertisements so as not to be misled by them.
A．pick out B．reflect on C．make use of D．test out
答案 B
解析reflect on思考；考虑，符合题意。

12．Mary never dreamed of ________ for her to be sent abroad so soon.
A．being a chance B．there to be a chance
C．there is a chance D．there being a chance
答案 D
解析there being表存在，作介词of的宾语。

13．I don’t want any reward for my help；I gave it ________ out of friendship.
A．properly B．purely C．strictly D．conversely
答案 B
解析根据句意，纯碎是为了友谊，故选B项。

14．I soon found that the work I was doing had already been done by someone else —________ I was wasting time.
A．as a result B．in the meantime
C．in other words D．for one thing
答案 C
解析句意为：我正做的工作已有人做了，换句话说，我是在浪费时间。

in other words换句话说。

15．Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made ________ in the restaurant.
A．working B．work C．to work D．worked
答案 A
解析working in the restaurant为现在分词短语在句中作状语。

第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16～35各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。

My mother just days ago lost her best friend to cancer.I had met this wonderful woman my mother referred to as“the sister I never had”．She was very pleasant—__16__ both inwardly and outwardly.My mother was __17__ that her best friend who she had known for years died too __18__ from cancer.Obviously my mother’s friend’s family members __19__ his/her mother，wife，grandmother，and __20__ more deeply than my mother.
But every time I saw my mother and her friend __21__ together，they were smiling and joking __22__ each other like teenage girls.In talking with my mother she made a very __23__ point known to me.She told me that her friend’s two sons both __24__ her for staying with their dying mother every day for the past several weeks.She politely __25__ their thanks but she also made the following __26__ to both of her friend’s sad sons：“You don’t need to thank me for what I have done for your mother，__27__ that is what I should have done.Your mother __28__ my life in so many ways，and I will never forget the __29__ we shared and the many laughs we had.”
Friends，true friends，__30__ each other without any conditions and do not keep records of who buys。