2020中考英语《代词》重难点语法精讲学案

中考英语《代词》重难点语法精讲学案代词主要考查主格和宾格、物主代词(形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词)、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词以及It的用法等。

一、考查人称代词的主格和宾格
【例1】(2017年福州卷)—Our English teacher will work for 2017 BRICS Summit(金砖峰会)this September.
—Great! I am so proud of .
A. she
B. her
C. hers
【解析】B。

句意:—今年九月我们的英语老师将为金砖峰会工作。

—太棒了!我是多么为她自豪。

介词of后用代词的宾格。

故选B。

【例2】(2016年吉林卷)The teachers are very patient when we ask for help.
A. they
B. them
C. their
【解析】B。

句意:当我们寻求帮助时老师们非常的耐心。

此处时间状语从句中谓语动词ask后应使用人称代词宾格作宾语。

故选B。

【例3】(2016年海南卷)Nancy and Kate are good friends. are both from England.
A. We
B. You
C. They
【解析】C。

句意:Nancy和Kate是好朋友，他们都来自英国。

此处指Nancy和Kate两人，用第三人称复数they作主语。

故选C。

【拓展】人称代词的语序
几个人称代词并列作主语时，他们的顺序是:单数形式(二、三、一)you, he and I;复数形式(一、二、三)we, you and they
二、考查形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词
【例4】(2017年重庆B卷)Fu Yuanhui is favorite swimmer because she's so funny.
A. I
B. my
C. me
D. mine
【解析】B。

根据后面的swimmer可知，该空应该是修饰名词，因此只能用形容词性物主代词修饰，A作主语，C作宾语，D独立使用。

故选B。

【例5】(2017年南京卷)—Who threw the empty bottles on the floor?
—I don't know. They're not . Ask Max, please.
A. I
B. me
C. my
D. mine
【解析】D。

句意:—谁把空瓶子扔到地板上了?—我不知道。

它们不是我的。

请问问Max。

此处指我的空瓶子，名词性物主代词mine相当于my bottles。

故选D。

【例6】(2017年临沂卷)Paul went to the bookstore with some friends of .
A. he
B. him
C. himself
D. his
【解析】D。

句意:Paul和他的一些朋友去了书店。

名词性物主代词可用在of后面作定语，相当于“of+名词所有格”，表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。

故选D。

【小贴士】his既是一个名词性的物主代词又是一个形容词性的物主代词。

三、考查反身代词
【例7】(2017年南充卷)—Your uncle is very good at cooking! How did he learn it?
—He learned it by .
A. him
B. himself
C. her
D. herself
【解析】B。

句意:—你的叔叔非常擅长做饭!他怎么学得?—他自学的。

learn...by oneself`“自学”，前面的主语是he，故用反身代词himself。

故选B。

【例8】(2017年德州卷)—Did you enjoy in Chengdu last week?
—Yes, I had great fun there.
A. myself
B. yourself
C. ourselves
D. themselves
【解析】B.句意:—上周你在成都过得愉快吗?—是的，我在那里玩得很愉快。

Enjoy oneself“过得愉快，玩得高兴”。

myself“我自己”;yourself“你自己”;ourselves“我们自己”; themselves“他们自己”。

根据主语是you，所以反身代词用yourself。

结合句意及结构，故选B。

【拓展】反身代词的固定搭配:teach oneself =learn by oneself自学;enjoy oneself过得愉快;help oneself to随便吃;lose oneself in沉浸于;by oneself独自等。

四、考查指示代词
【例9】(2017年天津模拟卷)一Look! Do you know man under the tree?
一Sorry. It's too far to see clearly.
A. this: him
B. that; his
C. this; her
D. that; him
【解析】D。

句意:—看!你认识树下的那个人吗?—对不起，太远了，我看得不清楚。

that 远指，this近指，前面的man说明后面用宾格him。

故选D。

【拓展】that常用在比较等级中，代表前面提到的名词，以避免重复。

五、考查不定代词
考点一:考查复合不定代词前置及意义
【例10】(2016年来宾卷)Dear classmates, may I have your attention, please? I have to tell you.
A. important something
B. important anything
C. something important
D. anything important
【解析】C。

句意:亲爱的同学们，请注意。

我有重要的事情告诉你们。

不定代词的修饰语要后置，因此排除A、B;在肯定句中，不能用anything，排除D。

故选C。

【拓展】类似的不定代词前置的常见考点还有:something interesting/wrong, nothing serious, someone else等等。

【例11】(2016年济南卷)—Sir, called you just now. I told him to phone again 20 minutes later.
—OK. Thanks, Nancy.
A. someone
B. nobody
C. anyone
D. everyone
【解析】A。

句意:—先生，刚才有人打电话给你。

我告诉他二十分钟后再打过来。

—好的。

谢谢你南希。

由对话中Nancy所说的话没有提到打电话者的姓名及身份信息可知，她只是说有人打电话来，someone“有人”;nobody“没有人”;anyone“任何人”;everyone“每个人”。

故选A.
【例12】(2016年泉州卷)—How is Lily in the new school?
—She is doing very well. There is to worry about.
A. nothing
B. something
C. anything
【解析】A。

句意:—Lily在新学校情况如何?—她做得很好，没有什么可以担心的。

nothing “没有事情”，something“某事”;anything“任何东西”。

根据句意，故选A。

考点二:some和any
【例13】(2016年南充卷)—I have two soccer balls, what about you?
—Oh, I don't have .
A. some
B. no
C. any
D. much
【解析】C。

句意:—我有两个足球，你呢?—哦，我没有一些。

some“一些”;any“一些”;no“没有”;much“许多”o some多用于肯定句或含有情态动词的疑问句中，而any多用于问句、否定句和条件句中，在肯定句中是“任何的”意思。

故选C。

【例14】(2016年呼和浩特卷)—There is no salt left. Jim, would you like to get ?
—OK. Mum.
A. it
B. one
C. some
D. any
【解析】C。

句意:—没有盐巴了。

吉姆，你能去买点儿吗?—好的，妈妈。

it代指前面所提到的同一个物体;one代指前面所说的同一类物品;some指所说物品中的一些，通常用于肯定陈述句，但如果语气委婉，希望对方给予肯定回答时也用some; any则常用于否定句和疑问句中。

根据句意是希望得到肯定的回答。

故选C。

【例15】(2017年乐山卷)—When shall we go hiking again?
—Make it day you like. It's all the same to me.
A. either
B. any
C. one
【解析】B。

句意:—我们什么时候再去徒步旅行?—只要你喜欢那天都行。

对我来说都是一样的。

any用于肯定句，表示“任何一个”。

故选B。

考点三:all, both, either, neither, none的区别
【例16】(2017年临沂卷)—Do you plan to watch a talent show or a sports show tonight?
一. I can't stand them. I plan to watch a sitcom.
A. Neither
B. Both
C. None
D. Either
【解析】A。

由下句的I can't stand them. I plan to watch a sitcom.可知上文提到的watch a talent show or a sports show两者都不选，neither表示“两者都不”;both表示“两者都”;none 表示“三者或三者以上都不”;either表示“两者中选一”。

故选A。

【例17】(2017年郴州卷)There are many tall trees on sides of the river.
A. both
B. all
C. either
【解析】A。

句意:在河的两边有许多高树。

河有两边，排除all“(三者或三者以上)都”，sides用了复数。

故用A。

【例18】(2016年滨州卷)—Don't be angry with your kid when he makes a mistake again, will you?
—No, I won't. I know that of us are perfect after all.
A. none
B. neither
C. each
D. all
【解析】A o none“(三者或三者以上)都不”;neither"(两者)都不”;each强调个体“每个”;all “(三者或三者以上)全部”。

由语境可知，此处表达“毕竟我们都不是完美的。

”这里的us 指三者以上。

故选A。

【例19】(2016年宜昌卷)—When are we going to see the movie ZooTopia, this afternoon or tonight?
一is OK. I'm free today.
A. Either
B. Neither
C. Both
D. All
【解析】A。

句意:—我们什么时候去看电影《疯狂动物城》，今天下午还是今天晚上?—都可以，我今天没事。

由题干中的is可知排除答案C和D;由答语中的I'm free today“我今天没事”，可推知今天下午和今天晚上都可以。

故选A。

考点四:few, little, a few, a little的区别
【例20】(2017年白银卷)"Let us move a little faster. We do not have time left," said the tour guide.
A. few
B. little
C. many
D. much
【解析】B。

句意:“让我们走得快点。

我们只剩很少的时间了，”导游说。

由上句的move a little faster可知时间少，little修饰不可数名词，表示否定的含义。

故选B。

【例21】(2016年绥化卷)I have friends, so I feel sad.
A. few
B. a few
C. little
【解析】A。

句意:我的朋友很少，因此，我感到悲伤。

由下句的sad可知朋友少，空格后friends为可数名词复数形式，few修饰可数名词的复数，表示否定含义。

故选A。

【拓展】与quite, just, only等副词构成短语时只能用a few, a little。

考点五:others, the other, other, another, the others的区别
【例22】(2016年哈尔滨卷)—Which of the two T shirts would you like to choose?
—Both. Then I can give one to my brother and leave to myself.
A. another
B. the other
C. other
【解析】B。

句意:—这两件T恤衫你想要选择哪一件?—两件我都要，这样我可以给我哥哥一件，给自己留一件。

“两者中的另一个”常用the other指代。

故选B。

【例23】(2016年乐山卷)I don't understand what you said. Would you please give me example?
A. another
B. other
C. others
【解析】A。

another指“(三者或三者以上中的)另一个”或者“不确定的一个”。

other 泛指“别的，其他的”，作形容词修饰限定名词;others后面不加名词。

这里指另外举个例子。

故选A。

【拓展】图解other系列不定代词
考点六:考查it用法
【例24】(2017年黄石卷)Chinese people find our duty to help develop African countries along the Belt and Road(一带一路).
A. it
B. this
C. that
D. these
【解析】A。

在find it +adj./名词短语+to do sth.中，it用作形式宾语，真正的宾语是其后的动词不定式，类似的动词还有think, make等。

故选A。

【例25】(2017年安徽卷)—Is this iPad yours?
一Yes. My parents bought for my language learning.
A. one
B. it
C. other
D. another
【解析】—这个iPad是你的吗?—是的。

我的父母为我的语言学习买得它。

it指代上文提到的iPad，故选B。

【拓展】it和one辨析
it常用来特指上下文提到的同类事物，用来指可数名词或者不可数名词;one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一份子，用于代替可数名词。

考点七:考查疑问代词who, which, what等
【例26】(2017年孝感卷)一will you ask for help when you are in trouble?
一My parents, I think.
A. Who
B. What
C. Where
D. When
【解析】A。

句意:—当你陷入困境的时候你会向谁请求帮助?—我的父母，我认为。

由答句的my parents可知用who“谁”提问。

故选A。

【活学活用】
1. (2017年怀化卷)—Excuse me. Is this ruler?
—No. It's her ruler. is in the pencil box.
A. your; My
B. yours; Mine
C. your; Mine
2. (2017年南京卷)Linda and Kitty will go to Greenery Theme Park by next Sunday.
A. they
B. them
C. their
D. themselves
3. (2017年温州卷)—Did anyone call me when I was out?
—Yes. A man who called Tom.
A. myself
B. himself
C. herself
D. yourself
4. (2017年天津卷)—Is this computer?
—Yes, it's . My mother bought it for me.
A. you; me
B. your; my
C. yours; mine
D. your; mine
5. (2017年兰州卷)Do you think acceptable for a group of women to dance to loud music on the square near your house?
A. it
B. that
C. this
D. its
6. (2017年兰州卷)I asked to do schoolwork by .
A. him; his; himself
B. her; her; itself
C. her; his; myself
D. him; her; herself
7. (2017年盐城卷)Jackie Chan won an Oscar after 56- year- long career in the film industry.
A. he
B. his
C. him
D. himself
8. (2017年苏州卷)Dad doesn't always come to you. You have to fight and save !
A. yourself
B. himself
C. myself
D. herself
9. (2017年青岛卷)—Can I come today or tomorrow?
一is OK. fm busy today and tomorrow.
A. Either
B. Neither
C. Each
D. None
10.(2017年邵阳卷)She is new here. I don't know name.
A. hers
B. her
C. she
11. (2017年武威卷)Did you do the homework ?
A. you
B. yourself
C. your
D. yours
12.(2017年宜宾卷)—Is this your book?
—No. It's not . It's .
A. my; his
B. mine; hers
C. me; him
13. (2017年襄阳卷)—Would you like some milk or coffee, sir?
一 . Just a glass of water, please.
A. Both
B. Either
C. Neither
D. None
14. (2017年河北卷)—Is this Kate's bicycle?
—No, is under the tree. She put it there this morning.
A. his
B. hers
C. mine
D. yours
15. (2017年孝感卷)Everyone makes mistakes in life. The key is not to repeat again.
A. it
B. this
C. that
D. them
16. (2017年乐山卷)—Mike has some difficulty in finishing the task by . Could you help him?
—No problem.
A. him
B. himself
C. his
17. (2017年长沙卷)—Is there anybody who can lend me a hand?
—I’m afraid not. You know you are supposed to depend on.
A. myself
B. yourself
C. themselves
18. (2017年成都卷)Mike lost his school and this morning. He is looking for now.
A. it
B. him
C. them
19. (2016年齐齐哈尔卷)—Who was hurt in the traffic accident?
—.
A. None
B. No one
C. Nothing
20. (2016年常州卷)Though Kongfu Panda 3 is popular with teenagers, it won't be liked by .
A. nobody
B. somebody
C. everybody
D. anybody
21. (2016年乌鲁木齐卷)There is bread at home. Would you please get for us?
A. no; some
B. not; some
C. few; some
D. little; any
22. (2016年厦门卷)—What a great thing to have a robot at home!
—Robots are usually useful. One day they will help people do almost .
A. something
B. everything
C. nothing
23. (2016年镇江卷)After chatting happily with the new student in my class, I gave her my QQ number and she gave me .
A. she
B. hers
C. her
D. herself
24. (2016年铜仁卷)—Do you know the children over there?
一Yes, names are Mike and Jane.
A. Theirs
B. Their
C. Her
D. His
25. (2016年河南卷)—What a bad day!
—Everyone has one of those days when goes right.
A. nothing
B. anything
C. everything
D. something
26. (2016年安顺卷)一Is there in today's newspaper?
一No. I think everything in it is boring.
A. interesting anything
B. somebody interesting
C. interesting something
D. anything interesting
27. (2016年济南卷)—Do you like Sichuan food?
一Yes. My brothers and I like hot food very much.
A. all
B. both
C. either
D. neither
28. (2016年上海卷)The light went out suddenly. It was very dark and could be seen clearly.
A. anything
B. something
C. nothing
D. everything
29. ( 2016年恩施卷)—Hurry up! The movie is beginning.
—Don't worry. There is still time left.
A. little
B. a little
C. a few
30. (2016年扬州卷)They have provided several ways to solve the problem. We can choose to start with.
A. it
B. that
C. one
D. each
参考答案
1-5 CDBDA 6-10 ABABB 11-15 BBCBD
16-20 BBABC 21-25 ABBBA 26-30 DBCBC
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1．阅读理解
As a child, I was really afraid of the dark and of getting lost. These fears were very real and caused me some uncomfortable moments.
Maybe it was the strange way things looked and sounded in my own room at night that scared me so much. There was never complete darkness, but always a street light or car lights, which made clothes on the back of a chair take on the shape of a wild animal. Out of the corner of my eye, I saw the curtains（窗帘）seem to move when there was no wind. A very low sound in the dark would seem a hundred times louder than in the day. My imagination（想象）would run wild, and my heart would beat fast. I would lie very still so that the "enemy（敌人）" would not discover me.
Another of my childhood fears was that I would get lost, especially on the way home from school. Every morning I got on the school bus right near my home. That was no problem. After school, though, when all the buses were lined up along the street, I was afraid that I would get on the wrong one and be taken to some other strange places. On school or family trips to a park or a museum, I wouldn't let the leaders out of my sight.
Perhaps one of the worst fears of all I had as a child was that of not being liked or accepted by others. Being popular was so important to me then, and the fear of not being liked was a serious one.
One of the processes（过程）of growing up is being able to realize and overcome our fears.
Understanding the things that scared us as children helps us achieve greater success later in life.（1）The author had kind(s) of fears when he was a child.
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. none
（2）would scare the author at night.
A. Street lights and car lights
B. Wild animals and enemies
C. Moving curtains and wind
D. Strange sights and sounds
（3）When the author went to some other places on school or family trips, he would .
A. walk away without others
B. take a bus by himself
C. follow others closely
D. make sure not to take a wrong bus
（4）The underlined word "overcome" means " " in Chinese.
A. 接受
B. 忍受
C. 信服
D. 克服
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）C
（4）D
【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章讲述了作者小时候害怕的三件事，怕黑，怕走丢，怕不被别人喜欢或者不被别人接受。

（1）细节理解题，根据As a child, I was really afraid of the dark and of getting lost. 可知，作者在小时候害怕黑，害怕迷路，根据Perhaps one of the worst fears of all I had as a child was that of not being liked or accepted by others. 可知作者还害怕不被别人喜欢或者不被被人接受，故答案是C。

（2）细节理解题，根据第二段的描述，实际上作者所害怕的是街里的灯光和其他微妙的声音产生的奇怪的幻觉，故答案是D。

（3）推理判断题，根据On school or family trips to a park or a museum, I wouldn't let the leaders out of my sight. 可知，在旅行的时候，作者不想让领头的人走出他的视线，因此是作者跟的得很近。

故答案是C。

（4）词义猜测题，根据One of the processes（过程）of growing up is being able to realize and overcome our fears. 可知，随着年龄的增大，慢慢的知道了恐惧到底是什么，也就克服了恐惧的心理。

故答案是D。

【点评】考查阅读理解，考查阅读理解，本题涉及到了词义猜测题、细节理解题和推理判断题，词义猜测题根据前后句的逻辑关系进行合理的推断，细节理解题相对简单，一般可知直接在文中找到答案，或者依据，而主旨大意题则需要在充分理解文章的基础上提炼出文章的中心意思。

推理判断题则需要根据关键句进行科学严谨的推理得出正确答案。

2．阅读短文，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。

B
We are excited when we reach our goals, and at that moment we laugh, clap, even are over the moon. Without doubt, good results make us joyful. However, we can not always get what we want and be the winner all the time. Some people can't help doubting, "Are our efforts in vain?"
The answer is "No". We should remember that we are not only measured by how many goals we've reached, but also by how we've acted, which means the process(过程)is also important.
Here is an example. Fruit is delicious. It takes trees a long time to bear it. In the process of growing, trees have to suffer from bad weather, insect bites and also intentional destruction(故意破坏) from human beings. So it is with us. Our life is like a journey. At the beginning, we set a destination（目标）, dreaming of it every night, but we should never forget that we spend most of our time on the journey. Unfortunately, many people only complain about the failure and then give up hope. In fact, it is failure that teaches us to be brave and stand on our own feet.
I myself deeply believe that only those who have experienced a lot can own the highly-valued character; only those who have taken a lot of adventures can have the chance to succeed. As the saying goes, "No pains, no gains." We are still young, still full of energy, so why are we afraid of failure and why do we hesitate(犹豫) to take an adventure?
Young men, let's forget results, leave out pains, and just look forward and don't miss any chance on the journey!
（1）Reaching our goals will make us ________.
A. laugh at others
B. be over the moon
C. asset another goal
D. forget our efforts （2）What does the underlined phrase "in vain" mean in Chinese?
A. 值得
B. 益处
C. 高效
D. 徒劳（3）The writer gives an example of fruit in order to say _________.
A. fruit is delicious
B. people can also suffer a lot in life
C. it's hard for a tree to bear fruit
D. we should grow trees to get good fruit
（4）Only those who __________ will get the good character.
A. have gone through a lot
B. work very hard
C. believe that things will be better and better
D. believe in themselves
（5）What's the best title for this passage ?
A. Stand on Our Own Feet
B. Process Is Also Important
C. Don't Doubt Yourself
D. Failure Is the Mother Of Success
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）B
（4）A
（5）B
【解析】【分析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了做任何事情的过程对我们来说也很重要。

（1）细节理解题，根据第一段We are excited when we reach our goals, and at that moment we laugh, clap, even are over the moon.可知当我们达到目标时，我们很兴奋，在那一刻，我们笑，鼓掌，甚至感觉在月亮上，故选B。

（2）词义猜测题，根据第一段"Are our efforts in vain?"可知这句是说“我们的劳动是徒劳的吗”，故选D。

（3）细节理解题，根据第三段In the process of growing, trees have to suffer from bad weather, insect bites and also intentional destruction(故意破坏) from human beings. So it is with us. 可知作者给出水果的例子是为了说明我们在生活中也会遭受很多，故选B。

（4）细节理解题，根据倒数第二段 I myself deeply believe that only those who have experienced a lot can own the highly-valued character; 可知只有那些经历过很多的人有高尚的品格，故选A。

（5）主旨大意题，通读全文可知作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了过程也很重要，故选B。

【点评】这篇短文内容比较简单，理解不难，但是文章较长，需要仔细阅读。

3．阅读理解
Then Alice saw a small glass table. There was a little golden key on it. She picked it and put it in all the locks on the doors but it didn't open any of them. She moved a curtain on one of the walls
and discovered another door, a very small one. She put the key in the lock. It was exactly the right size! She opened the door and looked through it. At the end of a low passage she saw a beautiful garden. It was full of brightly coloured flowers and fountains.
"Oh, how beautiful!" she said. "I'd love to go there but I'm too big to get through the door."
She walked back to the table. There was a bottle on it now.
"I'm sure that bottle wasn't there before," she said, a little confused.
She put down the key and picked up the bottle. She read the words "DRINK ME" on it. Alice wasn't a stupid girl. She didn't drink it immediately. First she looked at the bottle carefully. There wasn't a label on it that said "POISON".
So she put the bottle to her lips and drank.
"Mmm, ifs nice," she said. It tasted like cherry tart, pineapple, roast turkey and toast-all the things that she liked to eat-so she drank some more. And some more. Soon the bottle was empty.
"What a curious feeling," she said. "I'm getting smaller and smaller.'" It was true! She was now as small as her cat Dinah.
"Good! I can go through the door into the garden," she said. But, poor Alice! When she got to the door, she didn't have the key! It was on the table. She couldn't reach it because she was too small now. She sat down and cried.
After a while she said, "Alice! Stop crying! Crying doesn't help! Dry your tears immediately!"
When she looked at the table again, she saw a small glass box under it. She picked it up and opened it. There was a small cake inside. It had the words "EAT ME" on it. She put a small piece of it in her mouth.
"If I grow bigger I can reach the key," she thought. "And if I grow smaller I can go under the door."
But nothing happened so she finished it.
（1）From the passage we can know that _______________________.
A. at first Alice could go through the door into the garden easily
B. then Alice found there was a little golden key on a small wooden table
C. Alice was as small as her rabbit Dinah after she drank something in the bottle
D. Alice saw a small glass box with a small cake in it under the table
（2）Alice did the following things in the order of ___________________.
a. She saw a beautiful garden at the end of a low passage.
b. She moved a curtain and discovered another door.
c. She put a small piece of the cake in her mouth.
d. She put the bottle to her lips and drank.
e. She cried because she couldn't reach the key.
A. a- b- c- d- e
B. b- a- d- e- c
C. d- a- b- e- c
D. b- d- e- a- c
（3）The underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refers to ______________.
A. the small box
B. the glass table
C. the small cake
D. the golden key （4）According to the passage, the best words to describe Alice are ___________________.
A. careful and brave
B. curious and helpful
C. clever and friendly
D. organized and strange
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要讲爱丽丝被关到一座房子里，但出不去，里面有一些东西可以使她变小。

（1）细节理解题。

由第一段中"Then she saw a little glass table with three legs, and on the top of it was a very small gold key."爱丽丝看见一张小玻璃桌。

上面有一把金钥匙可知她是在玻璃桌上发现钥匙的。

选项B不符合文章内容，故排除B；"Oh, how beautiful!" she said. "I'd love to go there but I'm too big to get through the door."我很想去那里，但是我太大了，不能从门进去。

”可知选项A不符合文章内容，故排除A；"I'm getting smaller and smaller.'" It was true! She was now as small as her cat Dinah.我越来越小了。

”“是真的！她现在和她的猫黛娜一样小。

可知选项C符合文章内容，故排除C；When she looked at the table again, she saw a small glass box under it. She picked it up and opened it. There was a small cake inside. 她看到桌子下面有一个小玻璃盒。

她把它捡起来打开了。

里面有一个小蛋糕，可知选项D符合文章内容，故选D。

（2）细节理解题。

根据通读全文，找出在文中的位置。

b：She moved a curtain and discovered another door. ；a：She saw a beautiful garden at the end of a low passage. ；d：She put the bottle to her lips and drank. e：She cried because she couldn't reach the key. ；c：She put a small piece of the cake in her mouth. 找出在文中的位置，故选B。

（3）代词指代题。

根据全文，可能小蛋糕的作用与液体的作用一样，她可能变得太小了或变大，都与小蛋糕有关系，故选C。

（4）推理判断题。

根据Alice wasn't a stupid girl. She didn't drink it immediately. First she looked at the bottle carefully. There wasn't a label on it that said "POISON".爱丽丝不是个傻女孩。

她没有马上喝。

她先仔细地看了看瓶子。

上面没有写着“毒药”的标签。

可以推知她是一个谨慎并
勇敢的女孩。

A：careful and brave谨慎和勇敢；B：curious and helpful好奇和乐于助人；C：clever and friendly聪明和友好；D：organized and strange有条理和奇怪。

故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节题、推断题两种常考题型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。

4．阅读下面短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Nancy's hobby is collecting sharpeners (卷笔刀). She spends a lot of time on it after school. She has been collecting more than one hundred sharpeners. They are all different in colour and size.
Nancy likes sharpeners with animals on them. In this way, she learns the names of many animals. She also borrows books on animals from her school library. She learns a lot about them from books.
Sometimes Nancy has many sharpeners of the same kind. She gives them to her friends. Then they give her other different sharpeners in return. Nancy has many e-friends in many countries. She sends them sharpeners of her country. In return, they send her sharpeners of their countries. Nancy's father also gives her sharpeners. He brings them home from his friends for free.
Many of Nancy's friends collect other things. Some collect coins and others collect matchboxes (火柴盒) or stamps. But all of them say that Nancy's collection is the most interesting of all.
（1）Nancy spends a lot of time on her hobby ________.
A. before school
B. in class
C. after school
D. during her holidays
（2）________ Nancy's sharpeners are different in colour and size.
A. All of
B. Some of
C. Many of
D. Most of
（3）Sometimes Nancy has many sharpeners of the same kind, she ________.
A. keeps them
B. throws them away
C. sells them
D. gives them to her friends （4）What DON'T Nancy's friends collect?
A. Sharpeners
B. Coins
C. Matchboxes and stamps
D. Both B and C
（5）How does Nancy collect sharpeners? Which of the following is WRONG?
A. Her friends give her some.
B. Her e-friends send her some.
C. Her father buys her some.
D. Her father's friends give her some.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）D
（4）A
（5）C
【解析】【分析】文章大意：主要介绍了Nancy的爱好——收集卷笔刀。

（1）细节理解题。

根据第一段中“She spends a lot of time on it after school.”可知，南希是在放学后收集卷笔刀的。

故选C。

（2）细节理解题。

根据第一段中“They are all different in color and size.”可知，南希的所有卷笔刀的颜色和尺寸都是不同的。

故选A。

（3）细节理解题。

根据第三段中“Sometimes Nancy has many sharpeners of the same kind. She gives them to her friends.”可知，她将相同的卷笔刀送给了她的朋友们。

故选D。

（4）细节理解题。

通过最后一段中“Some collect coins and others collect matchboxes (火柴盒) or stamps.”可知，其他人收集硬币，火柴盒和邮票，不收集卷笔刀，故选A。

（5）理解归纳题。

根据第三、四段可知，南希收集卷笔刀的方式有：和朋友互换；笔友送她；爸爸的朋友送她。

文中并未提到爸爸给她买卷笔刀。

故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文主要考查细节理解题，首先仔细阅读文后的问题，弄清问题的大意；然后带着问题阅读短文，抓住关键信息，选择正确答案。

5．阅读理解
What do you see when you look at abstract (抽象的)art? Can you understand it? Does it look like anything?
Abstract art became popular in the early 20th century. Artists did not want to paint, draw, or sculpt things exactly like they looked. They didn't want their art to be realistic(现实的). They were more interested in basic shapes and colours.
Picasso is probably the most famous of these artists. He painted and drew in many, many styles. Sometimes he used a lot of blue colours (his "blue period"). Later, he used more red and pink colours (his "rose period"). Many of his other paintings are called "cubist (立体派的)" because they are made of painted squares.
After a long time, Picasso's paintings became more and more abstract. He painted people and things using strange shapes. His work was so strange that many of his workmates didn't understand it.
Kandinsky, another famous artist, used lines, shapes, and patterns to paint his subjects. His paintings also used strong colours to express feelings. Other artists like the surrealists (超现实主义画家)，were interested in subconsciousness (潜意识). Painters like Breton and Magritte used many symbols in their work. The meaning or subject of their work wasn't always clear. Dali, another surrealist artist, painted pictures that looked like dreams.
There are still many abstract artists around the world. That's the way many artists prefer. They want each person to look at art and find their own meaning in it.
（1）Which would be most like abstract art?
A. A painting of a house.
B. A sculpture of a car.
C. A drawing of two people in a coffee house.
D. A red and blue painting, with no clear subject.
（2）What happened to Picasso's work after a long time?
A. It became more abstract.
B. It became less strange.
C. He went from using red colours to using blue colours.
D. He only painted with coloured squares.
（3）How did Kandinsky express feelings?
A. By using strong colours.
B. By painting realistic people.
C. By painting with a lot of symbols.
D. By painting in red and pink colours.
（4）Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Picasso painted in many different styles.
B. Dali was interested in dreams.
C. Abstract artists feel each work of art only has one meaning.
D. Magritte's art was full of symbols.
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文介绍了抽象派艺术及其代表人物毕加索。

（1）推理题。

根据毕加索是抽象艺术的代表人物Sometimes he used a lot of blue colours (his "blue period"). Later, he used more red and pink colours有时他使用很多蓝色，后来，他使用了更多的红色和粉色，可知一幅红色和蓝色的画，没有清晰的主题最像抽象艺术，故选D。

（2）细节题。

根据After a long time, Picasso's paintings became more and more abstract 可知很久以后毕加索的作品变得更加抽象，故选A。

（3）细节题。

根据His paintings also used strong colours to express feelings可知康定斯通过使用强烈的颜色基表达感情的，故选A。

（4）细节题。

根据The meaning or subject of their work wasn't always clear. Dali, another
surrealist artist, painted pictures that looked like dreams.他们工作的意义或主题并不总是清楚的。

另一位超现实主义艺术家达利画的画看起来像梦可知抽象艺术家觉得每件艺术品只有一种意义是错误的，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节题、推断题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。