免费下载2014年职称英语综合类新增文章
2014年职称英语真题22篇文章来自考试用书
2015年学派网职称英语课程导学课程链接：/kecheng/english/zhicheng/一、2014年职称英语考试命题原则重大调整往年职称英语考试命题原则和规律：阅读理解有一篇来自教材中的阅读理解（15分）（一般不跨类别和级别）；完形填空来自教材中的完形填空（15分）（一般不跨类别和级别）。
2014年职称英语真题9套试卷中共有22篇来自教材详见下表：二、2014年职称英语考试命题原则总结1. 真题中至少有一篇阅读理解文章来自教材同级别的文章阅读判断、补全短文、概括大意与完成句子。
2. 真题中的完形填空文章来自教材同级别阅读理解、补全短文。
3. 文章本身没有做大的改动，只是改变了出题形式（如阅读判断改为阅读理解出题形式——跨题型）。
4. 个别有跨级别跨类别的现象，但是文章也是来自难度较低的级别。
三、学派网重建2015职称英语课程体系2015年学派网职称英语还是由学派名师王霞主讲。
试题的命题原则和方向决定了我们的课程体系，随着出题思路的变化，我们的课程也做出了重大调整。
以下是学派网2015年职称英语课程设计。
1. 词汇微课针对词汇量小的学员设计的课程，我们根据对职称英语教材和历年真题的总结筛选出300来个高频词，这些词汇对于理解文章的内容起到关键的作用，有时还是重要的出题点。
也就是说这些词是我们阅读职称英语文章的必备词汇。
首先通过典型例句帮你理解单词的基本含义；词源解析帮你从词根角度更容易的记住单词，举一反三，联想记忆。
最后老师还列举了与此有关的对比词，派生词和近义词。
2. 语法微课1）最基本的语法知识2）历年真题间接考到的语法知识3. 教材精讲首先从教材筛选出重要的文章，（不仅限于阅读理解），逐字逐句的阅读和讲解，这样就能帮助学员把握住教材中的复习重点，其实通过大量的阅读之后，也能提升大家的阅读理解能力。
4. 答题技巧针对词汇选项、阅读判断、概括大意与完成句子、阅读理解、补全短文与完形填空六大题型在答题过程中我们可以利用的答题思路和技巧进行详细的讨论和讲解；结合历年真题分析这六种题型基本的出题形式、常见的考点、常见的陷阱，以及应对办法。
2014年职称英语真题及答案综合类A级(阅读理解)
第一篇The National TrustThe National Trust in Britainplays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoymentof the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although theTrust has received practical and moral support from the Government,it is not arich Government department.It is a voluntary association of people who care forthe unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain.It is a charitywhich depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of thepublic'.Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and placesof historical interest.The attention of the publicwas first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles ofBritain by the death of Lord Lothian,who left his great seventeenth-centuryhouse to the Trust together with the 4500-acre park and estate surrounding it.Thisgift attracted wide publicity and started the Trust's"Country HouseScheme”. Under this scheme,with the help of the Government and the generalpublic,the Trust has been able to save and makeaccessible to the public aboutone hundred and fifty of these old st year about one and three quartersof a million people paid to visit these historic houses,usually at a verysmall charge.In addition to country housesand open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and watermills3,nature reserves4,five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousandfive hundred cottages or small village houses,as well as some completevillages.In these villages no one is allowed to build,develop'or disturb theold village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in theiroriginal sixteenth-century style.Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline,woodland,and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development ordisturbances of any kind are permitted.The public has free access to theseareas and is only asked to respect the peace,beauty and wildlife.Soit is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and importantorganization and an essential and respected part of national life,preservingall that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only forfuturegenerations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who eachyear invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.31.The national trust is aB、non-profit organization depenging on voluntary service32、The national trust is dedicated toD、protecting the unspoiled countryside and historic33、We can infer from paragraph2that Lord Lothion____C、saved many old country houses in britain34、All the following can be inferred from the passage except_____A、the trust more interested in protecting the16century houses35、the word“invade”in pargraph41s closest in meaningtoC、visit in large number第二篇How we form first impressionWe all have first impressionof someone we just met.But why? Why do we form an opinion about someonewithout really knowing anything about him or her–aside perhaps from a fewremarks or readily observable traits.The answer is related to how yourbrain allows you to be aware of the world.Your brain is so sensitive inpicking up facial traits,even very minor difference in a how a person’s eyes,ears,nose,or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him orher as different.In fact,your brain continuously processes incoming sensoryinformation–the sights and sounds of your world.Theses incoming“signals”are compared against a host of“memories”stored in the brain areas called thecortex（大脑皮层）system to determine what thesenew signals“mean”.If you see someone you know and like at school,your brainsays“familiar andsafe”.“If you see someone new,it says,“new—potentially threatening”.Thenyour brain starts to match features of this stranger with other“known”memories. The height,weight,dress,ethnicity,gestures and tone of voice areall matched up.The more unfamiliar the characteristics,the more your brainmay say,“This is new.I don’t like this person.”Or else,“I am intrigued.”Oryour brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes,ethnicity, gestures–like your other friends;so your brain says:“I like this person.”But thesespreliminary“impressions”can be dead wrong.When we stereotype people,we use aless mature form of thinking(not unlike the immature thinking of a very youngchild) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather thanlearn about the depth and breadth of people–their history,interest,values,strengths,and true character–we categorize them as jocks,geeks,or freaks.However,if we resist initialstereotypical impressions,we have a chance to be aware of what a person istruly like.If we spend time with a person,hear about his or her life,hopes,dreams,and become aware of the person’s character,we use a different,moremature style of thinking—and the most complex areas of our cortex,which allowus to be humane.36.Our first impression of some one new is influenced by his or her_____-facial feature37.If you meet a stranger with familiar gestures, your brain is mostly likelyto say____I like the person38.The word“preliminary”means____initial39.Our thinking is not mature enough when we stereotype people because_____we neglect their depth and breath40.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of thepassage?Our first impression is influenced by the sensitivity of our brain第三篇A New Strategy to Overcome Breast CancerPost-menopausal(绝经后)women who walkfor an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly,a studyhas suggested.The report,which followed73,000women for17years, foundwalking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease.TheAmerican Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk wasspecifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence thatlifestyle influenced cancer risk.A recent poll for the charity Ramblers aquarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week,but being active isknown to reduce the risk of a number of cancers.This study,published inCancer Epidemiology,Biomarkers&Prevention,followed 73.615women out of97,785aged50-74who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between1992and1993,so it couldmonitor the incidence of cancer in the group.They were asked to completequestionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active andparticipating in activities such as walking,swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)and how much timethey spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the samequestionnaires at two-year intervals between1997and2009.Of the women,47%said walking was their only recreational activity.Those who walked for atleast seven hours per week had a14%lower risk of breast cancer compared tothose who walked three or fewer hours per week.Dr.Alpa Patel,a senior epidemiologistat the American Cancer Society in Atlanta,Georgia,who led the study, said:”Giventhat more than60%of women report some daily walking,promoting walking as ahealthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasingphysical activity amongst post-menopausal women.We were pleased to find thatwithout any other recreational activity,just walking one hour a day wasassociated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.””More strenuous(紧张的)and longeractivities lowered the risk even more.”Baroness Delyth Morgan,chief executiveof Breast Cancer Campaign,said:”This study adds further evidence that ourlifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer andeven small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make adifference.”She added:”We know that the best weaponto overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the firstplace.The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify othersustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.”41.All of the following factorsrelating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage____EXCEPT________A.breathingexerciseB.regular walkingC.recreational activityD.lifestyle choices42.It can be inferred from Dr.AlpaPatel’s study that____.A.women have fewer chances of physicalactivityB.dailywalking could cut the chance of breast cancerC.leisure-time activity is notassociated with cancer riskD.walking is not recommended for womenwith breast cancer43.Dr.Alpa Patel was_____.A.headof the survey studyB.chief editor of Cancer EpidemiologyC.chair of the American Cancer SocietyD.chief executive of Breast CancerCampaign44.Which of the following statements istrue according to the passage?A.Most women take walking as their onlyrecreational activity.B.The study aims to track the healthconditions of its subjects.C.Walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the womenD.Irregular walking increased the riskof breast cancer in post-menopausal women45.The word“sustainable”in the lastparagraph is closest in meaning toA.continuableB.affordableC.availableD.persistent 答案：ABACA。
2014全国职称英语等级考试卫生类 补全短文译文
第五部分补全短文第一篇身材苗条的女性可能很早就为体重发愁身材瘦削的女性自认为身体肥胖的原因有很多，但是一项新析研究表明态度通常与童年的经历有关。
研究者发现在他们调查的2，400名身材瘦削的女性中，有将近10%的人认为她们太重了。
童年的经历有可能造成对身体形象存有不正确的态度，其中包括：父亲或者母亲生病，或是年幼时便开始酗酒或是过性生活。
以哥本哈根丹麦癌症协会的Susanne Kruger Kjaer博士为首的研究者认为,社会认为的“理想”女性身材趋向偏瘦型身材。
研究者指出，很多体重正常的女性希望体重再减轻—些。
为了调查身材瘦削女性心目中的身体形象，研究者给2,443名27岁到38岁、体重指数在正常值下限的女性发放了问卷。
这些女性被问及从童年经历到目前的运动习惯等因素。
总的来说，大约10%的女性认为她们太胖了。
那些童年或青少年时代经历过某种”严重的生活事件”的人更容易对身体形象存有不正确的态度，这些事件如父亲或者母亲生病或受教育的希望破灭。
那些还不到15岁就有性生活或开始酗酒的女性也同样如此。
与此形成对照的是，研究者报告说，成年后的痛苦事件，例如严重的疾病或严重的婚姻问题，与不正确的身体形象观无关。
加尔和她的同事们写道：“我们的研究结果表明，对自己体型的不满可能在人生根早的时候就产生了。
”第二篇尿床每天晚上全世界会有数百万的孩子尿床。
尿床现象如此普遍，以至于你们班里也可能有别的孩子也尿床。
大多数孩子不会把自己尿床的事告诉朋友，因此很容易感到你是独自一人，好像全世界只有你一个人尿床。
但你并不是一个人。
尿床的学名是夜间遗尿。
遗尿在家族中代代相传.也就是说，如果你有尿床的毛病，很可能你的近亲小的时候也尿床：正如你的那双蓝眼睛可能遗传白你母亲，或者你的两条长腿遗传自你的叔叔，你尿床也可能是遗传所致。
很重要的一点是没有人会故意尿床。
尿床并不意味着你懒惰或是粗俗。
这是件身不由己的事。
因为某些原因，尿床的孩子感觉不到他膀胱已满而起来去上厕所。
2014年职称英语理工类教材新增文章
2014年职称英语理工类教材新增文章﹡第八篇 What Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact., many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions.Before modern times,many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It Was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to Study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams ( 1900) , Freud wrote th at dreams are an expression of a person's wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings , thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud's. Jung,however,had a diffent idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer.He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.For example,people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand,people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modem-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example,psychologist William Domhoff from the University of Califoria, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are ti gh tly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that ch ildren do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women's dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from ll cultures around the world,including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer th is question in different ways. However,one thing they agree on is this :If you dream that something terrible is going to occur,you shouldn't panic. The dream may have meaning,but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.词汇：psychologist [saɪˈkɔlədʒɪst] n．心理学家psychiatrist [saɪˈkaɪətrɪst]，2．精神病学家（医生）Austrian[ˈɔstrɪən] adj奥地利的 gender[ˈdʒendə] n．性别注释：Sigmund Freud：西格蒙德·弗洛伊德（1856一1939），犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材补全短文文章及译文(2)
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材补全短文文章及译文（2）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
小编为您整理职称英语教材中，补全短文部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。
Teamwork in TourismGrowing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned. Government bureaus，trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum3 conditions for travelers.(1) They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services，and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns. They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects. ⑵Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. (3)Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts，considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement.(4)(5) Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers，and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.注释：concerned:作定语时常常放在所修饰的词或短语的后面，表示“有关的”。
2014年职称英语_国家教材精讲精练_阅读理解部分(综合类)
目录综合类C级： (2)Shark Attack ! 【小心鲨鱼!】 (2)The Travels of Ibn Battuta【伊本白图泰游记】 (3)综合类B级： (5)Income【收入】 (5)I'II Be Bach【我也能成为巴赫】【2014年新增文章】 (6)Oseola McCarty 【老妇人】 (8)综合类A级： (9)To Have and Have Not【逃亡】 (9)Life as a Movie Extra【群众演员的人生】【2014年新增】 (11)综合类C级：Shark Attack ! 【小心鲨鱼!】Craig Rogers was sitting on his surfboard, scanning the distance for his next wave, when his board suddenly stopped moving. He looked down and was terrified to see a great white shark biting the front of his board. "I could have touched its eye with my elbow," says Craig. The shark had surfaced so quietly that he hadn't heard a thing.In his horror and confusion, he waved his arms and accidentally cut two of his fingers on the shark's teeth. He then slid off the opposite side of his surfboard into the water. Then, with Craig in the water and blood flowing from his fingers, the five-meter-long shark simply swam away, disappearing into the water below.Although sharks are often categorized as killers that hunt and eat as many humans as they can, this is factually inaccurate. Sharks very rarely kill humans. A person has a greater chance of being struck by lightning or drowning in a bath than of being killed by a shark. 0nly 74 people have been reported killed by great whites in the last century. But great white sharks can reach six meters in length and weigh 2,200 kilograms or more. With frightening jaws that can hold up to 3,000 teeth arranged in several rows, they could very easily kill and eat a helpless human in the water. Why is it, then, that most people survive attacks by great whites? Shark researchers are trying to comprehend the reasons that allow people to escape without being eaten.The most common explanation is that great whites don't see well. It has been thought that they mistake people for the seals or sea lions which make up a large part of their diet. There is reason to doubt this, however. Recent information shows that great whites can actually see very well. Also, when attacking seals, great whites shoot up to the surface and bite with great force. When approaching humans, however, they most often move in slowly and bite less hard. They soon discover that humans are not a high---fat meal. “They spit us out because we're too bony,” says Aidan Martin, director of Reef Quest Center for Shark Research.Shark researchers like Martin hypothesize that great whites are actually curious animals that like to investigate things. It's possible that they use their bite not only to kill and eat, but also to gather information. Although such an experience is unlucky for people like Craig Rogers, when sharks bite surfboards of other objects or people, they are likely just trying to learn what they are.练习：1. After Craig Rogers fell into the water, the shark __________.A) bit his surfboardB) bit his fingersC) swam awayD) attacked him2. It is difficult for the author to understand why great whites ________.A) often let humans escapeB) kill humansC) have so many teethD) grow to six meters or more3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to make up in line 2 of paragraph 4?A) create.B)are.C)increase.D)depend upon.4. The word their in line 2 of paragraph 4 means __________.A) people'sB) great whites'C) sea lions'D) seals'5. What is the main idea of the forth paragraph?A) Great whites eat low-fat, bony meals more slowly.B) Great whites see well enough to include seals, sea lions, and humans in their diet.C) We now know great whites don't mistake humans for other animals.D) There is reason to doubt that great whites see well enough to attack humans.1. 答案：C2. 答案：A3. 答案：B4. 答案：B5. 答案：CThe Travels of Ibn Battuta【伊本白图泰游记】“I left Tangier, my birthplace, the 13th of June 1325 with the intention of making the pilgrimage [to Mecca]...to leave all my friends both female and male, to abandon my home as birds abandon their nests.” So begins an old manuscript in a library in Paris-the travel journal of Ibn Battuta.Almost two centuries before Columbus, this young Moroccan set off for Mecca, returning home three decades later as one of history's great travelers. Driven by curiosity, he journeyed to remote corners of the Islamic world, traveling through 44 modem countries, three times as far as Marco Polo. Little celebrated in the West, his name is well known among Arabs. In his hometown of Tangier, a square, a hotel, a cafe, a ferry boat, and even a hamburger are named after him.Ibn Battuta stayed in Mecca as a student for several years, but the urge to travel soon took over. In one adventure, he traveled to India seeking profitable employment with the Sultan of Delhi. 0n the way, he described his group being attacked in the open country by 80 men on foot, and two horsemen: “we fought…killing one of their horsemen and about twelve of the foot soldiers…．I was hit by an arrow and my horse by another, but God in his grace preserved me…．We carried the heads of the slain to the castle of Abu Bak'har…and suspended them from the wall.” In Delhi, the sultan gave him the position of judge, based on his prior study at Mecca. But the sultan had an unpredictable character, and Ibn Battuta looked for an opportunity to leave. When the sultan offered to finance a trip to China, he agreed. Ibn Battuta set off in three ships, butmisfortune struck while he was still on the shore. A sudden storm grounded and broke up two ships, scattering treasure and drowning many people and horses. As he watched, the third ship, with all his belongings and slaves—one carrying his child—was carried out to sea and never heard from again.After a lifetime of incredible adventures, Ibn Battuta was finally ordered by the Sultan of Morocco to return home to share his wisdom with the world. Fortunately, he consented and wrote a book that has been translated into numerous languages, allowing people everywhere to read about his unparalleled journeys.练习：1. What is the passage mainly about?A) Visitors to Mecca.B) The adventures of Ibn Battuta.C) Ibn Battuta's character.D) Asian countries of the 14th century.2. Which of the following is closest in meaning to set off for in line 5?A) left to go toB) discussed.C) arrived at.D) decided upon.3. The Sultan of Delhi gave Ibn Battuta a position of judge because _____A) the sultan needed a translator.B) Ibn Battuta had been a judge before.C) Ibn Battuta had studied in Mecca.D) Ibn Battuta had traveled to many countries.4. Which of the following would the writer of this passage most likely agree with？A) Ibn Battuta's journeys were very common for people of that time.B) Ibn Battuta's stories are probably not true.C) Ibn Battuta's journey was less important than Marco Polo's.D) Ibn Battuta should be better known in the West today.5. Why did Ibn Battuta finally return to his home?A) He was tired of traveling.B) He didn't have any more money.C) He feared the Sultan of Delhi.D) The Sultan of Morocco asked him to return.1. 答案：B2. 答案：A3. 答案：C4. 答案：D5. 答案：D综合类B级：Income【收入】Income may be national income and personal income. Whereas national income is defined as the total earned income of all the factors of production—namely, profits, interest, rent, wages, and other compensation for labor, personal income may be defined as total money income received by individuals before personal taxes are paid. National income does not equal GNP(Gross National Product)because the factors of production do not receive payment for either capital consumption allowances or indirect business taxes, both of which are included in GNP. The money put aside for capital consumption is for replacement and thus is not counted as income. Indirect taxes include sales taxes, property taxes, and excise taxes that are paid by businesses directly to the government and so reduce the income left to pay for the factors of production. Three-fourths of national income goes for wages, salaries, and other forms of compensation to employees.Whereas national income shows the income that the factors of production earn, personal income measures the income that individuals or households receive. Corporation profits are included in national income because they are earned. Out of these profits, however, corporation profit taxes must be paid to government, and some money must be put into the business for expansion. Only that part of profits distributed as dividends goes to the individual; therefore, out of corporation profits only dividends count as personal income. The factors of production earn money for social security and unemployment insurance contributions, but this money goes to government(which is not a factor of production., not to individuals. It is therefore part of national income but not part of personal income.On the other hand, money received by individuals when they collect social security or unemployment compensation is not money earned but money received. Interest received on government bonds is also in this category, because much of the money received from the sale of bonds went to pay for war production and that production no longer furnishes a service to the economy.The money people receive as personal income may be either spent or saved. However, not all spending is completely voluntary. A significant portion of our income goes to pay personal taxes. Most workers never receive the money they pay in personal taxes, because it is withheld from their paychecks. The money that individuals are left with after they have met their tax obligations is disposable personal income. Disposable income can be divided between personal consumption expenditures and personal savings. It is important to remember that personal saving is what is left after spending.练习：1. This passage is mainly about _______。
2014年卫生类职称英语考试教材新增部分
2014年职称英语考试卫生类教材对比题型2014年备注第一部分词汇选项无变化无变化第二部分阅读判断第九篇 What is a dream?新增第十三篇 Stage fright第十四篇 Azeri hills hold secret of long life第三部分概括大意与完成句子无变化无变化第四部分阅读理解无变化无变化第五部分补全短文第四篇 The bilingual新增第十篇 Jow deafness makes it easier to hear第十四篇 A memory drug第六部分完形填空无变化无变化2014年卫生类职称英语考试教材新增：补全短文第十四篇A Memory Drug？IT'S DIFFICULT TO IMAGINE MANY THINGS that people would welcome more than a memory-enhancing drug. ____1____ Furthermore，such a drug could help people remember past experiences more clearly and help us acquire new information more easily for school and at work. As scientists learn more about memory，we are closing in on this tantalizing goal.1Some of the most exciting evidence comes from research that has built on earlier findings linking LTP2 and memory to identify a gene that improves memory in mice. ____2____ Mice bred to have extra copies of this gene showed more activity in their NMDA receptors，more LTP，and improved performance on several different memory tasks — learning a spatial layout3，recognizing familiar objects，and recalling a fear-inducing shock.If these basic insights about genes，LTP，and the synaptic basis of memory can be translated to people — and that remains to be seen — they could pave the way for memory-enhancing treatments. ____3____ As exciting as this may sound，it also raises troubling issues. Consider the potential educational implications of memory-enhancing drugs. If memory enhancers were available，children who used them might be able to acquire and retain extraordinary amounts of information，allowingthem to progress far more rapidly in school than they could otherwise. How well could the brain handle such an onslaught of information？ What happens to children who don't have access to the latest memory enhancers？Are they left behind in school — and as a result handicapped later in life？____4____ Imagine that you are applying for a job that requires a good memory，such as a manager at a technology company or a sales position that requires remembering customers'names as well as the attributes of different products and services. Would you take a memory-enhancing drug to increase your chances of landing the position？Would people who felt uncomfortable taking such a drug find themselves cut out of lucrative career opportunities？Memory drugs might also help take the sting out of disturbing memories that we wish we could forget but can't.4 The 2004 hit movie Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind told the story of a young man seeking just such freedom from the painful memories of a romantic breakup. As you will see in the section on persistence later in the chapter，emotionally arousing events often create intrusive memories，and researchers have already muted emotional memories with drugs that block the action of key hormones. Should emergency workers who must confront horrifying accident scenes that can burden them with persisting memories be provided with such drugs？Should such drugs be given to rape victims who can’t forget the trauma？ Memory drugs might provide some relief to such individuals. But could they also interfere with an individual's ability to assimilate and come to terms with a difficult experience？5 ____5____词汇：tantalizing adj.诱人的synaptic adj.（解剖学）突触的steroid n.类固醇onslaught n.大量lucrative adj.有利可图的hit n.（演出等）成功注释：1.As scientists learn more about memory，we are closing in on this tantalizing goal.随着科学家们对记忆了解增多，我们正接近这一诱人的目标。
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读理解文章及译文(6)
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读理解文章及译文（6）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
小编为您整理职称英语教材中，阅读理解部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。
Making Light of SleepAll we have a clock located inside our brains. Similar to your bedside alarm clock， your internal clock2 runs on a 24-hour cycle. This cycle，called a circadian rhythm，helps control when you wake，when you eat and when you sleep.Somewhere around puberty，something happens in the timing of the biological clock. The clock pushes forward，so adolescents and teenagers are unable to fall asleep as early as they used to. When your mother tells you it's time for bed，your body may be pushing you to stay up3 for several hours more. And the light coming from your computer screen or TV could be pushing you to stay up even later.This shift4 is natural for teenagers. But staying up very late and sleeping late can get your body's clock out of sync with the cycle of light and dark5. It can also make it hard to get out of bed in the morning and may bring other problems，too. Teenagers are put in a kind of a gray cloud6 when they don't get enough sleep，says Mary Carskadon，a sleep researcher at Brown University in Providence，RI7 .It affects their mood and their ability to think and learn.But just like your alarm clock，your internal clock can be reset. In fact，it automatically resets itself every day. How? By using the light it gets through your eyes.Scientists have known for a long time that the light of day and the dark of night play important roles in setting our internal clocks. For years，researchers thought that the signals that synchronize the body's clock8 were handled through the same pathways that we use to see.But recent discoveries show that the human eye has two separate light-sensing systems. One system allows us to see. The second system tells our body whether it's day or night.注释：1.make light of ：轻视，不在乎。
2014年全国职称英语等级考试综合类阅读理解试题及参考答案
2014年全国职称英语等级考试综合类阅读理解试题及参考答案第四部分：阅读理解综合C级：第一篇至第十六篇综合B级：第十七篇至第三十三篇（第二十九篇I’ll Be Bach为新增文章）综合A级：第三十四篇至第五十篇（第三十六篇Life as a Movie Extra为新增文章）孙老师特别提示：此50篇阅读理解只为大家熟悉文章中文意思，万一考到好有准备，请大家一定不要做这50篇的练习，避免受到误导，练习务必以课上历年考试原卷为准。
具体说明专业课临终关怀为大家讲解。
综合C级：第一篇Telling Tales about People（综合C）One of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the person's earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjamin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies of other writers, such as James Joyce, have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies, but they are very close to it.Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently, though, the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeable with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.Biographies are factual accounts of someone else's life. In many senses, these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person, not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair, well-presented biography may take years to research and write.1. This passage is mostly about _______.A) the characteristics of autobiographies, memoirs, and biographiesB) famous autobiographiesC) why biography can be difficult to writeD) differences between autobiographies and memoirs2. Helen Keller wrote _______.A) a memoir B) an autobiographyC) a work of fiction D) a biography3. Autobiography writers are not always objective because they _______.A) feel they have to make up details to make their books sellB) constantly compete with biography writersC) want to present themselves in a good lightD) have trouble remembering the good times4. The writer introduces each category in the passage by _______.A) defining itB) giving an exampleC) explaining why it is hard to writeD) telling when people first began writing it5. Diverse means _______.A) able to swim in deep water B) similar or alikeC) varied or different D) enjoying poetry第一篇讲述关于人们的故事最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些描述人们生活的故事，并且很多人喜欢阅读这类作品。
2014 年职称英语综合类阅读理解 33 篇(横版)
2014 年职称英语综合类阅读理解50 篇（含答案）必中1-2 篇B级考生只需掌握前33篇文章，其中第八篇、第十一篇、第三十篇、第三十三篇2012年、2013年已经考过（已删，如需要请联系）每页尾端和段落之间留白，方便打印做条，防止出现一道题在两张纸上的情况不需要中文翻译的（如不出原题，换一种问法或换一种答案说法，帮助理解）请自助删除亦可变小字体、缩印每个段首“第几篇”字样可删除建议一篇文章做一个条，按标题字母首拼A—Z顺序排列第三篇、第五篇、第二十九篇为2014年新增内容重点复习第十七篇——第三十二篇（段首带*符号的）重点复习第一篇Telling Tales about People传记类文学作品1、This passage is mostly about_thecharacteristics of autobiographies,memoirs, and biograph这篇文章主要是关于自传、回忆录和传记的特点2、Helen Keller wrote anautobiography海伦﹒凯勒写了一部自传3、Autobiography writers are notalways objective because they want topresent themselves in a good light自传作者有时是不客观的，因为他们想展示自己好的一面4、The writer introduces eachcategory in the passage by defining it.本文的作者通过定义每个类型绍每种类型的非小说文学作品5、Diverse means__varied ordifferent_. Diverse的意思是多种多样的或者不同的第二篇Outside -the-classroom LearningMakes a Big Difference 课外学习带来很大不同1、An extracurricular activity likeraising a fund of $300,000 is riskybecause most student leaders Willnot take an interest in it.一项课外活动像募集30 万美元资金很冒险，因为大多数的学生干部不感兴趣2、American students join campusorganizations mostly for Buildingfriendship美国学生参加校园组织主要为了建立友谊3、Who is Katie Rowley? She's asenior student. 谁是K.R? 她是一个大四的学生4、What do student leaders need tocarry an activity through to asuccessful end? Passion.学生干部如果要成功的贯彻一个活动需要什么？热情5、The phrasal verb fatten up inparagraph 6 could be best replaced byPolish第六段的动词性短语“fattenup”可以被下面哪个单词替换？polish（润色；上光；抛光）第三篇Shark Attack! 小心鲨鱼！1、After Craig Rogers fell into thewater, the shark wam away.CraigRogers 落水之后，鲨鱼自己游走了2、It is difficult for the author tounderstand why great whites often lethumans escape作者很难理解为什么大白鲨常常让人类逃脱3、Which of the following is closest inmeaning to make up in line 2 ofparagraph 4? are.下面哪个单词最接近第四段第二行斜体标出的词组“make up”的意思？是4、The word their in line 2 ofparagraph 4 means great whites'第四段第二行的单词“their”指什么？大白鲨5、What is the main idea of the fourthparagraph? We now know great whitesdon't mistake humans for other animals.第四段的主要内容是什么？我们现在知道大白鲨不会把人类误以为是其他动物第四篇Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福1、On Halloween, children in the United States often dress up as Ghosts. 在万圣节上，孩子打扮成魔鬼2、When are turkey and pumpkin pie eaten? On Thanksgiving.什么时时候吃火鸡和南瓜饼？感恩节上3、Thanksgiving is the time for the American people to thank God for Providing them with comfortable and happy lives. 感恩节上美国人感谢上帝为其提供舒适快乐的生活4、Many children in the United States like Thanksgiving because They can stay with their parents at home and eat a lot of nice food.美国孩子喜欢感恩节的原因是能够与父母呆在一起，吃许多好吃的食物5、The first pilgrims settled in the United States in 1620第一批定居到美国的人是在1620 年第五篇The Travels of Ibn Battuta伊本白图泰游记1、What is the passage mainly about?The adventures of Ibn Battuta.这篇文章主要是讲什么的？伊本白图泰历险记2、Which of the following is closest inmeaning to set off for in line 5? left togo to.哪个词组最接近第五行中“setoff ”意思？出发3、The Sultan of Delhi gave IbnBattuta a position of judge becauseIbn Battuta had studied in Mecca德里的苏丹王给伊本白图泰安排了法官的工作是因为伊本白图泰在麦加的学习经历4、Which of the following would thewriter of this passage most likely agreewith? Ibn Battuta should be betterknown in the West today.下面哪个观点是这篇文章的作者最认同的？在现今的西方世界，伊本白图泰应该会比以前更有名5、Why did Ibn Battuta finally returnto his home? The Sultan of Moroccoasked him to return.为什么伊本白图泰最后回到了他的家乡？摩洛哥的苏丹王要求他回家第六篇TV Shows and Long Bus Trips看电视与长途汽车旅行1、According to the passage, what dothe passengers usually see when theyare on a long bus trip? Advertisementson the board.根据本文，长途汽车旅行中乘客通常可以看到什么？路两边的广告2、What is the purpose of this passage?To talk about the similarities betweenlong bus trips and TV shows.本文的写作目的是什么？对坐公共汽车长途旅行的看法。
2014年职称英语(综合类)阅读理解50篇珍藏背诵版
4、defin ing it
定义每个类 型
5、varie d or diffe rent
多种多样的 或者不同的
第二篇
问题
答案
1、An extra curri cular activ ity like raisi ng a fund of $300,000 is risky becau se most stude ntleade rs
Diverse的意思 是_______
1、the chara cteri stics of autob iogra phies , memoi rs, and biogr aphie s.
自传、回忆录和传 记的特点
2、an autob iogra phy.
一部自传
3、want to prese nt thems elves in a good light
一项课外活 动像募集30万美元资金很冒险，因为大多数 的学生干部___
2、Ameri can stude nts join campu s organ izati ons mostl y for__
美国学生参 加校园组织 主要为了____
3、Who is Katie Rowle y?
谁是K.R?
4、What do stude nt leade rs need to carry an activ ity throu gh to a succe ssful end?
为其提供舒 适快乐的生 活
4、They can stay with their paren ts at home and eat a lot of nice food.
能够与父母 呆在一起，吃许多好吃 的食物
2014全国职称英语卫生类新增A级文章及答案详解
第十三篇Stage Fright1（A级）Fall down as you come onstage. That‟s an odd trick. Not recommended. But it saved the pianist Vladimir Feltsman when he was a teenager back in Moscow. The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic,2Mr. Feltsman said, “ All my fright was gone. I already fell. What else could happen?”Today, music schools are addressing the problem of anxiety in classes that deal with performance techniques and career preparation. There are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn to fight stage fright and its symptoms: icy fingers, shaky limbs, racing heart, blank mind.3 Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice, from basics like learning pieces inside out,4 to mental discipline, such as visualizing a performance and taking steps to relax. Don‟t deny that you‟re jittery，they urge; some excitement is natural, even necessary for dynamic playing. And play in public often, simply for the experience.Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests some strategies for the moments before performance, “Take two deep abdominal breaths, open up your shoulders, then smile,‟‟ she says. “And not one of these …please don‟t kill me‟ smiles. Then choose three friendly faces in the audience, people you woul d communicate with and make music to, and make eye contact with them.” She doesn‟t want performers to think of the audience as a judge.Extreme demands by mentors or parents are often at the root of stage fright，says Dorothy Delay, a well-known violin teacher. She tells other teachers to demand only what their students are able to achieve.When Lynn Harrell was 20，he became the principal cellist of the Cleverland Orchestra, and he suffered extreme stage fright. “There were times when I got so nervous I was sure the audience could see my chest responding to the throbbing. It was just total panic. I came to a point where I thought,… If I have to go through this to play music, I think I‟m going to look for another job.”5 Recovery, he said, involved developing humility-recognizing that whatever his talent, he was fallible，and that an imperfect concert was not a disaster.6It is not only young artists who suffer, of course. The legendary pianist Vladimir Horowitz‟s nerves were famous. The great tenor Franco Corelli is another example. “They had to push him on stage,” Sopran o Renata Scotto recalled.Actually，success can make things worse. “In the beginning of your career, when you‟re scared to death, nobody knows who you are, and they don‟t have any expectations,” Soprano June Anderson said. “There‟s less to lose. Later on, when you‟re known, people are coming to see you, and they have certain expectations. You have a lot to lose.”Anderson added，“I never stop being nervous until I‟ve sung my last note.”词汇：veteran / 'vetərən / adj．经验丰富的jittery / 'dʒɪtəri / adj．紧张不安的mentor / 'men'tɔ: / n．指导者soprano / sə'prprɑ:nəʊ / n．女高音；女高音歌手cellist/ 'tʃelɪst / n．大提琴演奏家abdominal / æb'dɔmənəl / adj．腹部的fallible/ 'fæləbəl / adj．易犯错误的tenor /'tenə/ n．男高音注释：1．Stage Fright：舞台恐惧2．The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic…资深大提琴家Mstislav Rostropovich故意把Vladimir Feltsman绊倒，因而治愈了他的上台前的恐惧症。
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材补全短文文章及译文(5)
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材补全短文文章及译文（5）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
小编为您整理职称英语教材中，补全短文部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。
Financial RisksSeveral types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing ; the major problems include commercial, political, and foreign exchange risk.(1) They include solvency, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk, however, is competition which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing.(2) Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quality of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or any other disagreement over which payment is withheld. One company，for example，shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. (3) The alternatives for the exporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost.Political risk relates to2 the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility3,expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses. (4) Management information systems and— effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk4，so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business in a particular market.Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably cause problems, but for many years，most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavorable effects5. (5) International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. Before rates were permitted to float,devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated, but exchange-rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs.词汇：solvency 偿付能力contract terms 合同条款 dehydrated potato 脱水土豆expropriation 剥夺……所有权;没收、征用expulsion .逐出，开除;呼出, 排出cancellation 取消，注销;作废，废除import license 进口许可证exchange-rate fluctuation 汇率率波动floating exchange rate 浮动汇率International Business Machine Corporation (美国)国际商用机器公司注释：1.... encountered in day-to-day business. ??…?在日常的商务活动中遇到的。
2014年职称英语综合A类教材新增文章(汇总整理)
2014年职称英语综合类教材新增第二部分阅读判断第十一篇Stage Fright 1（A级）Fall down as you come onstage. That’s an old trick. Not recommended. But it saved the pianist Vladimir Feltsman when he was a teenager back in Moscow. The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic，2 Mr. Feltsman said，”All my fright was gone. I already fell. What else could happen？”Today，music schools are addressing the problem of anxiety in classes that deal with performance techniques and career preparation. There are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn to fight stage fright and its symptoms：icy fingers，shaky limbs，racing heart，blank mind.3Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice，from basics like learning pieces inside out，4 to mental discipline，such as visualizing a performance and taking steps to relax. Don‘t deny that you’re jittery，they urge；some excitement is natural，even necessary for dynamic playing. And play in public often，simply for the experience.Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests some strategies for the moments before performance，“Take two deep abdominal breaths，open up your shoulders，then smile，‘’ she says. ”And not one of these ‘please don’t kill me‘ smiles. Then choose three friendly faces in the aud ience，people you would communicate with and make music to，and make eye contact with them.“She doesn’t want performers to think of the audience as a judge.Extreme demands by mentors or parents are often at the root of stage fright，says Dorothy Delay，a well-known violin teacher. She tells other teachers to demand only what their students are able to achieve.When Lynn Harrell was 20，he became the principal cellist of the Cleverland Orchestra，and he suffered extreme stage fright. “There were times when I got so nervous I was sure the audience could see my chest responding to the throbbing. It was just total panic. I came to a point where I thought，‘ If I have to go through this to play music，I think I’m going to look for another job.”5 Recovery，he said，involved developing humility-recognizing that whatever his talent，he was fallible，and that an imperfect concert was not a disaster.6It is not only young artists who suffer，of course. The legendary pianist Vladimir Horowitz‘s nerves were famous. The great tenor F ranco Corelli is another example. “They had to push him on stage，”Soprano Renata Scotto recalled.Actually，success can make things worse. “In the beginning of your career，when you‘re scared to death，nobody knows who you are，and they don’t have any expectat ions，”Soprano June Anderson said. “There‘s less to lose. Later on，when you’re known，people are coming to see you，and they have certain expectations. You have a lot to lose.”Anderson added，“I never stop being nervous until I‘ve sung my last note.”词汇：veteran adj.经验丰富的jittery adj.紧张不安的mentor n.指导者soprano n.女高音；女高音歌手cellist n.大提琴演奏家abdominal adj.腹部的fallible adj.易犯错误的tenor n.男高音注释：1.Stage Fright：舞台恐惧2.The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-perform ance panic…资深大提琴家米提斯拉夫罗斯特罗波维奇故意把他绊倒，因而治愈了他的上台前的恐惧症……cure somebody of illness （problem）：医治好病（解决问题）3.… its symptoms：icy fingers，shaky limbs，racing heart，blank mind…：……舞台恐惧的症状有：手指冰凉、四肢颤抖、心跳加快和大脑一片空白……4.Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice，from basics like learning pieces inside out…：老师和心理学家给出了方方面面的建议，从基础的做法，比如详细地学习曲目…… inside out：in great detail详细地，从里到外地5.I came to a point where I thought，‘If I have to go through this to play music，I think I’m going to look for another job‘。
2014全国职称英语考试教材理工类新增文章
2014全国职称英语理工新增文章第二部分阅读判断第八篇What Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however，think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person‟s mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud1，was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person‟s wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung2was once a student of Freud‟s. Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz，believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person‟s daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men‟s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women‟s dreams.3 Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn‟t panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It‟s important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.词汇：psychologist / saɪˈkɔlədʒɪst / n．心理学家psychiatrist /sai' kaiətrɪst/ n．精神病学家(医生) Austrian / ˈɔstrɪən / adj．奥地利的gender / ˈdʒendə / n．性别注释：1．Sigmund Freud西格蒙德•弗洛伊德（1856—1939)，犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读理解文章及译文(7)
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读理解文章及译文（7）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
小编为您整理职称英语教材中，阅读理解部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。
Sugar Power for Cell PhonesUsing enzymes commonly found in living cells，a new type of fuel cell produces small amounts of electricity from sugar. If the technology is able to succeed in mass production，you may some day share your sweet drinks with your cell phone.In fuel cells，chemical reactions generate electrical currents. The process usually relies on precious metals，such as platinum. In living cells，enzymes perform a similar job，breaking down sugars to obtain electrons and produce energy.When researchers previously used enzymes in fuel cells，they had trouble keeping them active，says Shelley D.Minteer of St Louis University1.Whereas biological cells continually produce fresh enzymes，there’s no mechanism in fuel cells to replace enzymes as they quickly degrade.Minteer and Tamara Klotzbach，also of St Louis University，have now developed polymers that wrap around an enzyme and preserve it in a microscopic pocket.“We tailo r these pockets to provide the ideal microenvironment” for the enzyme，Minteer says.The polymers keep the enzyme active for months instead of days.In the new fuel Cell，tiny polymer bags of enzyme are embedded in a membrane that coats one of the electrodes.When glucose from a sugary liquid gets into a pocket，the enzyme oxidizes it，releasing electrons and protons.The electrons cross the membrane and enter a wire through which they travel to the other electrode，where they react with.oxygen in the atmosphere to produce water.The flow of electrons through the wire constitutes an electrical current that can generate power.So far，the new fuel cells don’t produce much power，but the fact that they work at all is exciting，says Paul Kenis，a chemical engineer at the University of Illinois2 at Urhana-Champaign3.“Just getting it to work.” Kenis says，“is a major accomplishment.”Sugar-eating fuel cells could be an efficient way to make electricity.Sugar is easy tofind. And the new fuel cells that run on it are biodegradable，so the technology wouldn’t hurt the environment.The scientists are now trying to use different enzymes that will get more power from sugar.They predict that popular products may be using the new technology in as little as 3 years.词汇：enzyme n.酶 electrode n.电极platinum n.铂，白金 membrane n.膜，薄膜electron n.电子 oxidize v.氧化degrade v.降解 glucose n.葡萄糖polymer n.聚合物 biodegradable adj.能进行生物降解的microenvironment n.微环境 embed v.埋置，插入proton n.质子试题：1. According to the first paragraph，when can we share our sweet drinks with our cell phones?A When enzymes can be commonly found in living ceils.B When the technology of producing a new type of fuel cell appears.C When the technology of a new type of fuel cell is suitable for mass production.D When the technology of mass producing cell phones appears.2. What trouble did Minteer and Klotzhach have in their research?A They had trouble keeping enzymes in fuel cells active.B They had trouble keeping biological cells active.C They had trouble producing fresh enzymes.D They had trouble finding mechanism for producing enzymes.3. According to Paragraph 5，electrons are releasedA when bags of enzyme are embedded in the new fuel cell.B when glucose from a sugary liquid goes through the enzyme.C when the enzyme oxidizes the glucose from a sugary liquid that goes through a pocket.D when the enzyme oxidizes the sugary liquid that goes through a pocket.4. What is exciting about the new fuel cells?A Their limitless power generation capacity is amazing.B Their limited power generation capacity is a good beginning.C Their limited power generation capacity is the result of great efforts.D Their limitless power generation capacity is a major accomplishment,5. According to the last paragraph，what is NOT true of the new fuel cells?A The new fuel cells run on sugar that is easy to find.B The new fuel cells are environment friendly.C The new fuel cells are biologically degradable,D It will take some time before the new fuel cells can be used in popular products.答案与题解：1. C A和D明显不是正确答案。
综合类职称英语2014
Modem-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams..For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreamsare tightly linked to a person's daily fife, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, mightdream about crime.Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, drearning is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women's dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modem and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn't panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.Are Online Friends Real Friends?Modern computer technology has made a new kind of human relationship possible: online friendship. ____(1)____. Are online friendships as beneficial asface-to-face friendships? What are the advantages and disadvantages of having virtual friends? Can people form strong bonds online? Today these questions are the subject of lively debate1.Some people believe that the Internet is the best way to make new friends. It’s convenient, it’s fast, and it allows to make contact with different kinds of people from all over the world. When you use social networking websites and chat rooms, you can easily find people with interests and hobbies similar to yours2. Information updates and photos add to the experience. Making friends on the Internet is especially good for shy people who feel uncomfortable in social situations. It’s often easier to share thoughts and feelings online. ____(2)____. They can make people feel less lonely and help them solve problems.Although the Internet can encourage friendship, it has a major disadvantage. ____(3)____. Online friends only tell you what they want you to know. They sometimes exaggerate their good qualities and hide the less positive ones, so you can’t besure of what they really like3. That is why you should not give personal information to anyone online unless you’re totally sure of who that person is.Can online friendship be as meaningful as face-to-face ones? There are different points of view. Researchers at the University of Southern California surveyed 2,000 households in the United States. The results showed that more than 40 percent of participants feel “as strongly about their online buddies”as they do about their “offline”friends. ____(4)____. In contrast, there are many people who believe that it’s not possible to have deep relationships with online friends. A young Indian software engineer, Lalitha Lakshmipathy，says，“it’s good to feel connected with many people, but all my e-buddies are not necessarily my close friends. ”____(5)____. They say that it’s hard to develop feelings of trust and connection when you don’t share experiences in person4.People continue to express different opinions about online friendship. However, most of them would agree that virtual friendships must not replace face-to-face friendships. As one life coach says, “a social networking site should only be the ‘add on’ in any relationship.”注释：1．Today these questions are the subject of lively debate.：现今这些问题成了人们热议的话题。
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材补全短文文章及译文(7)
2014年职称英语综合类考试教材补全短文文章及译文（7）2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。
小编为您整理职称英语教材中，补全短文部分的文章及译文，希望对您有所助益。
The World's Longest BridgeRumor has it that1 a legendary six-headed monster lurks in the deep waters of the Tyrrhenian Sea between Italy and the island of Sicily.(1) When completed in 2010, theworld's longest bridge will weigh nearly 300,000 tons 一 equivalent to the iceberg that sank the Titanic —and stretch 5 kilometers long. “ That's nearly 50 percent longer than any other bridge ever built. ’，says structural engineer Shane Rixon.(2) They're suspension bridges, massive structures built to span vast water channels or gorges. A suspension bridge needs just two towers to shoulder the structure's mammoth weight, thanks to hefty supporting cables slung between the towers and anchored firmly in deep pools of cement at each end of the bridge. The Messina Strait Bridge will have two 54，100-ton towers, which will support most of the bridge's load. The beefy cables of the bridge, each 1. 2 meter in diameter, will hold up the longest and widest bridge deck ever built.When construction begins on the Messina Strait Bridge in 2005, the first job will be to erect two 370 meter-tall steel towers. (3 ) Getting these cables up will be something2. It's not just their length — totally 5. 3 kilometers — but their weight. '—— (4) After lowering vertical “suspender’，cables from the main cables, builders will erect a 60 meter-wide 54,630-ton steel roadway, or deck— wide enough to accommodate 12 lanes of traffic. The deck's weight will pull down on the cables with a force of 70,500 tons. In return, the cables yank up against their firmly rooted anchors with a force of 139，000 tons —equivalent to the weight of about 100,000 cars. Those anchors are essential. (5)词汇：legendary 传说中的 gorge 峡谷monster 怪物，妖怪 mammoth 巨大的lurk 潜伏 hefty 高强度的Sicily 西西里岛(意大利南部) sling 用悬带吊挂Tyrrhenian Sea 第勒尼安海 beefy 结实的Messina Strait 墨西拿海峡 yank 拽注释：1.Rumor has it that:有传言说……rumor has it that是一种固定结构。
2014年职称英语考试教材理工类新增文章
2014年职称英语考试教材理工类新增文章阅读判断:(A)第十一篇：Bill Gates: Unleashing Your CreativityI've always been an optimist and I suppose it is rooted in my belief that the power of creativity and intelligence can make the word a better place. For as long as I can remember, I've loved learning new things and solving problems. So when I sat down at a computer for the first time in seventh grade, I was hooked. It was a clunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today. But it changed my life. When my friend Paul Allen and I started Microsoft 30 years ago, we had a vision of "acomputer on every desk and in every home", which probably sounded a little too optimistic at a time when most computers were the size of refrigerators. But we believed that personal computers would change the world. And they have. And after 30 years, I'm still as inspired by computers as I was back in seventh grade.I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity andinventiveness -- to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldn't solve on their own.Computers have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the world's knowledge. They're helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are.Like my friend Warren Buffett, I feel particularly lucky to do something every day that I love to do. He calls it "tap-dancing to Work". My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me "tap-danceing to work" is when we show people something new, like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can store a lifetime's worth of photos, and they say, "I didn't know you could do that with a PC5 !"But for all the cool things that a person can do with a PC, there are lots of other ways we can put our creativity and intelligence to work to improve our world6. There are still far too manypeople in the world whose most basic needs go unmet7. Every year, for example, millions ofpeople die from diseases that are easy to prevent or treat in the developed world.I believe that my own good fortune brings with it a responsibility to give back to the world.My wife, Melinda, and I have committed to improving health and education in a way that can help as many people as possible.As a father, I believe that the death of a child in Africa is no less poignant or tragic than9 the death of a child anywhere else, and that it doesn't take much to make an immense difference in these children's lives.I'm still very much an optimist, and I believe that progress on even the world's toughestproblems is possible -- and it's happening every day. We're seeing new drugs for deadly diseases,new diagnostic tools, and new attention paid to the health problems in the developing world.I'm excited by the possibilities I see for medicine, for education and, of course, fortechnology. And I believe that through our natural inventiveness, creativity and willingness to solve tough problems, we're going to make some amazing achievements in all these areas in my lifetime.注释：1.be rooted in：扎根于;深深地存在于2.It was a clunky old teletype machine and it could barely do anything compared to the computers we have today.那是一台笨重的旧式电传打字机，跟我们今天的电脑相比几乎干不了什么事。
职称英语综合类全部新增文章
经典资料,ＷＯＲＤ文档,可编辑修改经典考试资料,答案附后,看后必过,ＷＯＲＤ文档,可修改综合新增第二部分阅读判断阅读下面的短文;每篇短文后面都有7句话,请根据短文的内容判断这些话是正确、错误,还是在短文中没有提到;第一篇Taking Pictures of the WorldMeet Annie Griffiths Belt, a National Geographic photographer. Belt has worked for National Geographic since 1978,and has taken pictures on almost every continent in the world. In fact, Antarctica is the only continent Belt hasn't seen yet.Belt's photographs are well known for their beauty and high quality. They also reflect very different cultures and regions of the world. Belt has photographed the ancient city of Petra, Jordan, as well as the green landscapes of the Lake District in England. Recently,her pictures appeared in a book about undeveloped natural places in North America.Everywhere that Belt goes, she takes pictures of people. Belt has found ways to connect with people of all ages and nationalities even when she does not speak their language. “ The greatest privilege of my job is being allowed into peopled lives,” she has said. “The camera is like a passport, and I am often overwhelmed by1 how quickly people welcome me”Knowing how to break the ice has helped to make Belt a successful photographer, but experts say that anyone can learn to connect with new people. When people speak the same language, greetings and small talk can make strangers feel more comfortable with each other. When people don't speak the same language, a smile is very helpful. Having something in common can also help break the ice. For example, Belt has traveled with her two children, so when she takes pictures of children or their parents,they all have that family connection in common. Even bad weather can help people to connect when they are experiencing it together.Belt has some advice if you are thinking about a career in photography. You can volunteer to take pictures for a local organization that can't afford to hire a professional photographer. You can also take a good, honest look at your best photographs. If you're a real photographer, your photos are good because of your personal and technical skills. Belt also recommends studying and learning from photos taken by professional photographers.Remember, the next time you look at a beautiful photograph, you might be looking at the work of Annie Griffiths Belt. And the next time you meet a new person, don't be afraid to break the ice. The connection you make could be very rewarding.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
免费下载2014年职称英语综合类新增文章第一部分阅读判断第九篇What Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others，however，think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person’s mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud1，was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person’s wishes. He believed that dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung2 was once a student of Freud’s. Jung，however，had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams. For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz，believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person’s daily life, thoughts, and behavior. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men’s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women’s dreams.3 Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn’t panic. The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It’s important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.词汇：psychologist / saɪˈkɔlədʒɪst / n．心理学家psychiatrist /sai' kaiətrɪst/ n．精神病学家(医生)Austrian / ˈɔstrɪən / adj．奥地利的gender / ˈdʒendə / n．性别注释：1．Sigmund Freud西格蒙德•弗洛伊德（1856—1939)，犹太人，奥地利精神病医生及精神分析学家。
精神分析学派的创始人。
他认为被压抑的欲望绝大部分是属于性的，性的扰乱是精神病的根本原因。
著有《性学三论》《梦的释义》《图腾与禁忌》《日常生活的心理病理学》《精神分析引论》《精神分析引论新编》等。
2．Carl Jung：卡尔•荣格，瑞士著名精神分析专家，分析心理学的创始人。
3．For example, the people in men’s dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women’s dreams.例如，在男性梦境中出现的通常是其他男性，而且常与打斗有关，而女性的梦境则不是这样。
练习：1．Not everyone agrees that dreams are meaningful.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned2．According to Freud, people dream about things that they cannot talk about.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3．Jung believed that dreams did not help one to understand oneself.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned4．In the past, people believed that dreams involved emotions.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned5．According to Domhoff, babies do not have the same ability to dream as adults do.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6．Men and women dream about different things.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned7．Scientists agree that dreams predict the future.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned答案与题解1．A这句话恰好表达了本文第一段的意思。
即有些心理学家认为，人脑睡眠中的活动没有特别意义；而有些人则认为，梦可以揭示人的思维和情感活动。
2．A第三段的最后一句讲的是弗洛伊德认为梦反映了人们在现实情况下害怕表达的情感、思维和恐惧。
此句与本叙述一致。
3．B第四段的第二句和第三句：Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer.（荣格认为，梦的用途是向做梦者传递一个信息）He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.（他认为人们通过思考所做的梦能够更好地了解自己）。
他给出了两个例子来说明他的论点。
4．C文中没有提及。
5．A依据第六段，Domhoff研究得出：孩子不像成人做那么多的梦，他认为做梦也是一项心智机能，需要随着年龄增长而发展。
6．A本文第七段讲述了做梦与性别的关系。
第二句更指出男人和女人做的梦是不同的。
7．B最后一段的倒数第二句讲的是：梦可能会有意义，但并不表示一些恐怖事情就一定会发生。
因而不能预测未来。
第十一篇Stage Fright1Fall down as you come onstage. That’s an odd trick. Not recommended. But it saved the pianist Vladimir Feltsman when he was a teenager back in Moscow. The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic,2 Mr. Feltsman said, “ All my fright was gone. I already fell. What else could happen?”Today, music schools are addressing the problem of anxiety in classes that deal with performance techniques and career preparation. There are a variety of strategies that musicians can learn to fight stage fright and its symptoms: icy fingers, shaky limbs, racing heart, blank mind.3 Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice, from basics like learning pieces inside out,4 to mental discipline, such as visualizing a performance and taking steps to relax. Don’t deny that you’re jittery，they urge; some excitement is natural, even necessary for dynamic playing. And play in public often, simply for the experience.Psychotherapist Diane Nichols suggests some strategies for the moments before performance, “Take two deep abdominal breaths, open up your shoulders, then smile,’’ she says. “And not one of these ‘please don’t kill me’ smiles. Then choose three friendly faces in the audience, people you would communicate with and make music to, and make eye contact with them.”She doesn’t want performers to think of the audience as a judge.Extreme demands by mentors or parents are often at the root of stage fright，says Dorothy Delay, a well-known violin teacher. She tells other teachers to demand only what their students are able to achieve.When Lynn Harrell was 20，he became the principal cellist of the Cleverland Orchestra, and he suffered extreme stage fright. “There were times when I got so nervous I was sure the audience could see my chest responding to the throbbing. It was just total panic. I came to a point where I thought,‘If I have to go through this to play music, I think I’m going to look for another job.”5 Recovery, he said, involved developing humility-recognizing that whatever his talent, he was fallible，and that an imperfect concert was not a disaster.6It is not only young artists who suffer, of course. The legendary pianist Vladimir Horowitz’s nerves were famous. The great tenor Franco Corelli is another example. “They had to push him on stage,”Soprano Renata Scotto recalled.Actually，success can make things worse. “In the beginning of your career, when you’re scared to death, nobody knows who you are, and they don’t have any expectations,”Soprano June Anderson said. “There’s less to lose. Later on, when you’re known, people are coming to see you, and they have certain expectations. You have a lot to lose.”Anderson added，“I never stop being nervous until I’ve sung my last note.”词汇：veteran / ˈvetərən / adj．经验丰富的jittery / ˈdʒɪtəri / adj．紧张不安的mentor / ˈmenˌtɔ: / n．指导者soprano / səˈprprɑ:nəʊ/ n．女高音；女高音歌手cellist/ ˈtʃelɪst / n．大提琴演奏家abdominal / æbˈdɔmənəl / adj．腹部的fallible/ ˈfæləbəl / adj．易犯错误的tenor /'tenə/ n．男高音注释：1．Stage Fright：舞台恐惧2．The veteran cellist Mstislav Rostropovich tripped him purposely to cure him of pre-performance panic…资深大提琴家米提斯拉夫罗斯特罗波维奇故意把他绊倒，因而治愈了他的上台前的恐惧症……cure somebody of illness (problem)：医治好病（解决问题）3．…its symptoms：icy fingers, shaky limbs, racing heart, blank mind…：……舞台恐惧的症状有：手指冰凉、四肢颤抖、心跳加快和大脑一片空白……4．Teachers and psychologists offer wide-ranging advice, from basics like learning pieces inside out…：老师和心理学家给出了方方面面的建议，从基础的做法，比如详细地学习曲目……inside out：in great detail详细地，从里到外地5．I came to a point where I thought，‘If I have to go through this to play music, I think I’m going to look for another job’.：我曾经一度认为，如果演奏音乐就必须过怯场这一关的话，那我可能得换其他工作了。