高中英语教材答案及听力原文人教实验英语必修5.doc

教材练习答案及听力原文
Unit 1
WARMING UP
Answers:
1 Archimedes, Ancient Greek (287-21
2 BC) He was a mathematician. He found that if you put an object into water the water pushes the object up. It rises and partly floats. The force of the water pushing it up is the same as the weight of the object.
2 Charles Darwin, British (1808-1882) The Origin of Species was published in 1859. It explained how plants and animals had changed over time to fit in with a changing environment. At the time it was published it was very controversial. Many people believed the Bible when it said that God made the first two people (Adam and Eve) and that all other people came from these two. Darwin’s book showed that people had developed from apes instead. So this caused a lot of argument between religious and scientific people. However Darwin’s idea became very influential and is still accepted today.
3 Thomas Newcomen, British (1663-1729) He improved the first steam pump built by Thomas Savery in 1698 and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712. James Watt improved it still further in the 1770s turning it into the first modern steam engine used on the railways.
4 Gregor Mendel, Czech (1822-1884) He grew pea plants and developed ideas on
heredity and inherited characteristics. He concentrated on cross-fertilising pea plants and analyzing the results. Between 1856-1863 he grew 28,000 pea plants. He examined seven kinds of seed and plant characteristics and developed some laws of inheritance. The first is that inheritance factors do not combine but are passed to the next generation intact. Second, he found that each partner gives half the inherited factors to the young. Third, some of these factors show up in the offspring (and so are dominant). The other factors are masked by the dominant ones (and so are recessive).
5 Marie Curie, Polish and French (1867-1934) She was born in Poland and came to study in France in 1891 and she lived there for the rest of her life. In 1898 she discovered radium. She received two Nobel prizes, one (with Pierre Curie) for physics (1903) and one for chemistry (1911). She is the only person to have been so honoured. On the death of her husband she took over his job at the Sorbonne in Paris. Her work on radioactivity and the discovery of radium meant that she began a new scientific area of research. She was the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize and the first woman to teach at the Sorbonne.
6 Thomas Edison, American (1847-1931) He was already an inventor of other electrical devices (phonograph,
electric
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light bulb) when in 1882 he designed a system for providing New York with electricity from a central power station. This was a tremendous achievement, which had previously been thought impossible.
7 Leonardo da Vinci , Italian (1452-1519) He was a famous artist whose skill for showing human skin tones made his paintings seem to come alive. He used to study dead people in order to make his paintings as accurate as possibile. Some of his famous paintings include “The Adoration of the Magi ” and the “The Last Supper”. Later in his life he lived in France where he designed a submarine and a flying machine.
8 Sir Humphry Davy , British (1778-1829) He did research into different gases and discovered the medicinal value of nitrous oxide (or laughing gas) as an anaesthetic. In 1815 he developed a safety lamp for miners. Previously there had been many accidents when candles on the miners ’ helmets had exploded when it came into contact with underground gas from the coal the miners were digging. The safety helmet made working underground very much safer.
9 Zhang Heng , Chinese (78-139) He invented the first seismograph to indicate in the direction of an earthquake. It was in the shape of a cylinder with eight dragon heads round the top, each with a ball in its mouth. Around the bottom were eight frogs directly under a dragon ’s head. When an earthquake occurred, a ball fell out of the dragon ’s mouth, making a noise.
10 Stephen Hawking , British (1942-) He has worked in astronomy and studied black holes in space. He has shown that black holes do not only absorb everything around them but, from time to time, throw
out matter as well. This may mark the beginning of new galaxies. This is an advance on the old theory which said that black holes “eat” everything they come across.
COMPREHENDING
Answer key for Exercise 1:
1 An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.
2 John Snow began to test two theories.
3 John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.
4 John Snow marked the deaths on a map.
5 He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.
6 He had the handle removed from the water pump.
7 He announced that the water carried the disease.
8 King Cholera was defeated. Answer key for Exercise 2:
1 John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.
2 No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.
3 Three diseases, which are similar today, are SARS, AIDS and bird flu, because they are serious, have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them. Sample summary for Exercise 3:
John Snow wanted to find the cause of cholera. He believed that people became ill after eating infected food. He used the next outbreak of cholera to test his idea. He studied a small area of houses which got
their water from the same pump. Many people in the area died. John Snow showed that this was because the water in the pump was infected. He showed that cholera could be defeated if people drank clean water. LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE Discovering useful words and expressions Suggested answers to Exercise 1:
1 victim
2 physician
3 analyse
4 defeat
5 challenge
6 enquiry
7 pump 8 blame 9 absorb
10 link...to
Answer key for Exercise 2:
1 severe
2 suspected
3 exposed
4 experts
5 cure
6 foresaw
7 concluded 8 announced 9 attended
Answer key for Exercise 3:
make a suggestion make a decision make a plan make a contribution make a speech make a noise make a change make a description make an investigation
Some possible examples for Exercise 4: 1 The teacher asked us not to make faces in class.
2 I tried to make friends with my neighbour but he was too old and did not want to talk to me.
3 The best way to make money is to study hard and gain good qualifications.
4 I did n’t like them to collect me in their car so I made my way to the restaurant on foot by myself.
5 I’m too tired to make dinner, so I decide to eat out.
6 Before you pay for that new car make sure it has a guarantee, which will protect you against any problems during the first year.
7 Do n’t make up your mind about buying that house till you have seen a few more.
8 When you leave your flat in the morning, it looks tidier if you make the bed before you go.
9 I have tried to make room for her on that
course but there are just too many people already attending it.
Discovering useful structures
Some possible answers for Exercise 1: 1 ...when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.(attribute)
2 He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump.(attribute)
3 He became interested in two theories.(pre- dicative)
4 Neither its cause, nor its cure was under- stood.(predicative)
Answer key for Exercise 3:
1 blamed/upset
2 tired
3 disappointed
4 shocked/depressed
5 excited
6 infected
USING LANGUAGE
LISTENING TEXT
A GREAT CHINESE SCIENTIST Father of the Chinese space programme
Yu Ping (YP) is talking to her friend Steve Smith (SS) about Qian Xuesen and his work
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as a rocket scientist. Part 1
YP: What do you want to be when you grow
up, Steve?
SS:I want to be an astronomer and visits stars. I wish to visit Mars one day.
YP:I think I ’d like to work in the space industry too. I ’d like to be a rocket scientist like Qian Xuesen.
SS:What did he have to do to become a rocket scientist?
YP:Well, he first studied at university to be an engineer. Later he went to America to study for his doctor ’s degree. It was then he began to work on rockets.
SS:So it was lucky for our space programme that he came back to China.
YP:Very much so. There was no work on space rockets in China before he began his institute to design and build rockets to go into space. Part 2
SS:Do you think he wanted to travel into space in one of his rockets?
YP:I have no idea but I believe he looked forward to the first space flight by a Chinese astronaut.
SS:Yes. Now that China has sent satellites into space. I hope w e’l l be the first to land on Mars. That would really be something special and if I were that astronaut I would put Qian Xuesen ’s picture on Mars to show how much we admire his work.
YP:Indeed. He is rightfully called the father of the Chinese space programme. He is my hero and he is why I want to be a rocket scientist.
SS:Well, we ’d better get on with our homework. We need good grades to get into university.
YP:Right you are. See you, then. SS:See you.
Answer key for Exercise 1:
Students will give their own answers. Answer key for Exercise 2:
Main Idea: It is about the role of Qian Xuesen in the development of space technology in China.
Answer key for Exercise 3:
1 Qian Xuesen first studied to be an engineer.
2 In America he began to work on space rockets so that he was able to develop a space programme when he came back to China.
3 When Qian Xuesen returned to China he set up a space institute to begin training people in how to design and build rockets.
Answer key for Exercise 3: Students give their own answers.
Students can show that they understand what is involved by making a realistic dialogue of their own.
Sample conversation:
MIKE: What do you want to do when you
grow up?
LI RU:I want to build robots. I will have to
do a physics and mathematics degree in China. After that I hope to go abroad to Reading University in England where you can study all about robots. There is a special cybernetics department there.
MIKE:What personality will be needed for
that job?
LI RU:I think I need to be patient for my
ideas which will take a long time to develop. I also need to be creative
enough to have good ideas.
MIKE:What experience will be most useful to you?
LI RU:I think technology and engineering projects. I hope to work in a factory
in my holidays.
MIKE:What kind of person makes a good inventor?
LI RU:I think someone who is happy to persevere at something and learns
from his mistakes.
MIKE:Thank you. I think designing robots sounds fun.
Reading and writing
Answer key for Exercise 1:
Before Showing
Answer key for Exercise 2:
Students give their own answers.
Sample writing:
Dear Nicolaus Copernicus,
I am a student studying astronomy and I would very much like to read your new theory about the solar system. I hope you will publish it for several reasons.
I understand the problems with the present theory. The way the planets move is not what you would expect if the earth was the centre of the universe. It is also odd that the brightness of some stars seems to change. So I agree with you that we need a new theory.
I know your observations have been very carefully carried out over many years. Now you must have the courage to publish them. Science can never advance unless people have the courage of their beliefs. I know you worry about what will happen if you publish your new theory. No matter how people oppose it, time will show whether your ideas are right or wrong.
So I hope you will feel you can publish your new theory.
Yours sincerely,
(your name)
Unit 2
WARMING UP
Answers:
1 C
2 B (direct flight)
3 B
4 A
5 B Question 1:The United Kingdom consists of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. More about this appears in the first reading passage.
Question 2: It takes ten hours to fly from Beijing to London Heathrow Airport if you take a direct flight.
Question 3:It may appear to an outsider that the Queen has an important role in ruling the country. However, this is not so. Her position is ceremonial: opening Parliament, welcoming Heads from other countries, going on tours to other countries to encourage trade with Britain, etc. The Prime Minister together with his most important ministers (called the Cabinet) and his Members of Parliament (each from a different part of the country) make the important political decisions and the laws. Question 4: The counties of Britain are much smaller than provinces in China. They have local government powers for their area. Counties have several Members of Parliament depending on the size of their population. Large towns such as Reading have two MPs and the largest city in England outside London, which is Birming- ham, has ten MPs.
Question 5: The Rivers Thames and Severn are very similar in length but the River Thames is slightly longer. The River Thames is 338 km and the River Severn is 290 km. The River Avon is much shorter. COMPREHENDING
Answer key for Exercise 1:
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1 England, Wales and Scotland
2 England and Wales
3 England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland
4 Republic of Southern Ireland
5 England/Great Britain/the UK Answer key for Exercise 2:
1 The country left out is Wales. It is usually assumed to be part of England.
2 England, Scotland and Wales.
3 The Vikings did not influence London. Answer key for Exercise 3:
North: Leeds, York, Sheffield, Manchester Midlands: Coventry, Birmingham South: Reading, London, Brighton,
Plymouth
Answer key for Exercise 4:
Para 1, 2&3: what England includes; about
Great Britain; the UK.
Para 4:the geographical division of England
into zones; their similarities and differences.
Para 5&6:the cultural importance of
London.
Possible summary: The writer examines how the UK developed as an administrative unit. It shows how England is also divided into three zones. It explains why London became the cultural capital of England. LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE Discovering useful words and expressions Answer key for Exercise 1: 1 unwilling 2 countryside 3 conveniences 4 clarify 5 constructing 6 Kingdom 7 administration 8 accomplish 9 enjoyable
Suggested answers to Exercise 2: 1 currency 2 The Union Jack 3 United; consist of 4 broke away 5 institutions 6 conflicts 7 provinces Answer key for Exercise 3: 1 asked 2 whispered 3 screamed 4 begged 5 agreed 6 answered 7 shouted 8 complained 9 suggested Discovering useful structures Answer key for Exercise 1:
1 ...to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way.
2 You find most of the population settled in the south, ...
3 It has the oldest port built by the Romans... Suggested answers to Exercise 2: 1 have got the house mended 2 Have you had your hair cut? 3 have the dictionary delivered
4 have n’t had the film developed 6 found it closed 6 get it repaired
7 got all their money stolen 8 have it divided
9 had some of his points clarified
10 had/got some flowers sent; had it announced; had it organized Answer key for Exercise 3: Answers will vary.
USING LANGUAGE Reading
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because he wanted to become king. Answer key for Exercise 4:
came, future, Mary, Princess, Tower, Strange, thought, through, Traitors ’, happened Speaking and writing Sample dialogue:
S1: Excuse me. Are you a guide? S2:Yes, I am. Can I help you?
S1:Can I ask you a question about the Temple of Heaven?
S2:Of course. What do you want to know? S1:What ’s this Temple for?
S2:The Emperor came to pray for good crops and a good harvest for the country. He made offerings to the God and asked him for help.
S1:Please can you speak more slowly? I’m afraid I ca n’t follow you. S2:I’m sorry. I’ll speak more slowly. This is the Hall where the Emperor made his sacrifices to the Gods. You may not go in but just look through the door.
S1:What did you mean by making sacrifices? S2:He killed many animals after making prayers. He was also dressed in special clothes.
S1:I beg your pardon? Special clothes! I thought his clothes were always special! What were they?
S2:They were clothes kept just for this occasion. He changed in a special yellow room and came out to go to pray to the Gods.
S1:I see. When did this stop?
S 2:When the Emperors stopped ruling China . S1:Thank you. You have been most helpful. Unit 3
WARMING UP
COMPREHENDING
Answer key for Exercise 1:
1 Li Qiang went into the future because he
had won a prize that gave him a tour.
2 He felt rather anxious when he left his own time but soon got it over.
3 He went by time capsule.
4 The first thing he noticed was the poor quality of the air and it gave him a headache.
5 He found several things that were different:
· a mask to give him enough oxygen · a hovering carriage
· having a “time lag” experience · a strange-looking house that belonged to Wang Ping ’s parents · trees that acted as walls and provided oxygen for the room · tables, chairs and a bed that were stored under the floor
Answer key for Exercise 3:
Students give their own opinions in the class discussion.
Answer key for Exercise 1:
Suggested answers to Exercise 2: 1 search for 2 take up 3 slide into
4 sweep up
5 press down
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1 search for
2 swept up
3 pressed down
4 sweep up
5 took up
6 slid... into Answer key for Exercise 3:
opportunities; constantly; stewardesses; previous; adjustment; tolerate; take up; lose sight of; link; bent
Discovering useful structures Answer key for Exercise 1:
1 Well-known for their expertise, his p arent ’s company...
2 Hit by a lack...
3 Exhausted, I slid into bed... Answer key for Exercise 2:
1 Frightened by the loud noise, I went to see what was happening.
2 Hit by the lack of fresh air, he got a bad headache.
3 Tired after the long journey, I still enjoyed meeting the aliens on the space station.
4 Frightened by the noise outside, Sue dared not sleep in her bedroom.
5 Built in 1910, the museum is almost 100 years old.
6 Given some advice by the famous scientist, the student was not worried about his scientific experiment any more.
7 Exhausted by a day ’s work, George took some tablets to help him feel better.
8 Very astonished by the amount of work in the new timetable(given by her boss), Lucy decided to leave her job immediately. Answer key for Exercise 3:
1 Soon we lost sight of that famous astronomer called Li Qiang.
2 I am going to buy a painting copied from Vincent van Gogh.
3 I like that old private house built of wood and mud.
4 The room connected to the rest of the house by a long passage is completely empty.
5 The queen was sitting in a royal carriage drawn by four horses.
6 The vehicle mentioned in the book is unknown to me.
7 Tha castle built in 1432 is under repair. USING LANGUAGE
Suggested answers to Exercise 1:
Sample dialogue for Exercise 2:
S1: We ’d really like to live and work in a space station in the 31st century. Of course there ’d be a lot of work, but we ’d
really enjoy the leisure time we would have.
S2: And the large number of robots that we could use to fill our spare time with!
S1: Yes indeed! We both enjoy working with robots and find them lots of fun. We would train them to play football so that we could each have our own team and hold competitions.
S2: Once we’d got two football teams we’d begin training the robots for a triathlon or three-skill competition. There would be running, swimming and finally a football match. That’d be fun too.
S1: Robots are never tired so we’d train them to cook our favourite dishes and do all the housework throughout the spaceship. S2: When we get fed-up with competitions we’d arrange for the robots to design us
a beach area where we can sun-bathe
and relax. I do n’t think life could be better!
S1: Nor do I!
LISTENING TEXT
CAN PEOPLE REALLY LIVE ON MARS
LI Qiang(LQ) is interviewing Walker Hiller(WH) on the space station about his idea for building a new town called “Wonderworld” on Mars.
LQ: Well, Mr Hiller Why did you think of building a new town on Mars?
WH: It sounds astonishing, does n’t it? I imagine that i t’l l be difficult and the
atmosphere, gravity, and climate will
have to be just like the earth or nobody
will travel there.
LQ: Can you imagine how tha t’l l be achieved? WH: Yes, I think so. The atmosphere’s too hot and has no oxygen. So people
could n’t breathe Mars’air and live.
W e’l l make a covered area for people to
live in with a special air supply.
LQ: Is it likely you can find and use water to keep the climate similar to that on the
earth?
WH: Perhaps. We hope there’s water under the planet’s surface. People will have to
collect all the used water so it can be
cleaned and recycled as rain. Then it
can be used again to water plants and
crops and provide clean drinking water. LQ: Yes. I suppose everyone will have to put their dirty water in special tanks. Even
animals will have to be trained to go to
the toilet in special places.
WH: Yes, I suppose so.
LQ: So is it likely that bacteria will clean the water?
WH: Well, that’s a possibility.
LQ: I wonder if the houses can be made strong enough against the gravity on
Mars?
WH: Yes, they can. The robots will provide special building material.
LQ: Still life sounds quite uncomfortable.
So what’s the advantage of going to
live on Mars?
WH: There will be opportunities for scien- tific work and to look for gold or other
metals. So people may become rich or
famous.
LQ: How healthy will the people be, I wonder? Answer key for Exercise 1:
Ticks for: living on another planet, atmos- phere and gravity, how to get water on Mars, houses in a town on Mars
Suggested answers to Exercise 2:
1 “Wonderworld” will provide a covered area for people to live in with a special air supply.
2 “Wonderworld” will make sure there is enough water by collecting some from under the planet’s surface. After use, this water will be cleaned and recycled so that it can be used as rain to water drops and provide clean drinking water. Everyone will put their dirty water in special tanks and animals will have to go to the toilet in special places. Bacteria will clean this dirty water so it can be used again.
3 People may become rich or famous.
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4 I think the people will be quite healthy as they have a satisfactory climate, enough water and sufficient accommodation to live comfortably. Speaking and writing Sample dialogue:
S1: What problems do you think our home-
town will have one thousand years in the future?
S2: Is it possible life will be better than it is
now?
S1: Yes, of course. Probably everyone will
be more comfortable. They ’ll be provided technological improvements and the robots.
S2: Oh I see. Is it possible that people will
have solved the problems of today —global warming, air and water pollution, etc?
S1: Most likely they will. For example, dirty
air. It would be easy to solve that. All you would need to do is build a cover over the city. All the air inside would be kept clean.
S2: That sounds fine but is it likely the
temperature will be too hot for us to live on the earth?
S1: Maybe, but I’m sure someone will have
invented clothes with cooling systems fitted into them. Perhaps everyone will have a machine which pushes water round the body and keeps you cool. S2: Wow! Can you imagine what life will be
like when the energy runs out?
S1: Oh, that will be solved by using the
energy from the sun.Do n’t worry. I’m sure we ’d enjoy a visit if we could ever visit the future! And now w e’v e had our four questions. Let ’s find another pair to discuss their questions. Sample writing:
The benefits and problems of living one thousand years in the future
I think there will be more benefits than
problems living in the future. Of course things will be different and there may be many problems.
If there is dirty air we will solve that by placing a cover over our hometown. That way we can clean the air as it enters the town, and keep out all the dust and dirt.
If it is too hot people will be provided with suits fitted with cooling systems. That way they will keep cool all the time.
As for the problem of the energy running out that we face today. That will be solved by using the energy from the sun to run all the electrical plants as well as cars. Luckily it will be endless clean energy!
So we think that life in the future will be much better than it is now.
Unit 4
COMPREHENDING
Answer key for Exercise 2: A reporter ’s duties are: 1 to work in a team
2 to get an accurate story
3 to protect a story from accusations
appropriate for both a reporter and photo- grapher.)
A journalist needs to be thorough, curious, careful and concise but a photographer needs to be creative, imaginative, techni- cally good and gifted. They both need to be professional, well-organized and patient. I think I would make a good photographer because I am creative and I enjoy being technically good at things.
LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE Discovering useful words and expressions
Answer key for Exercise 2:
1 deliberately
2 guilty
3 concentrate on
4 professional
5 eager
6 thorough
7 accuse...of 8 acquire
Answer key for Exercise 3: assistant, photographer, delighted, assist, editor, deadline, colleague, amateur, sub- mitted, published, dilemma, assessed, un- usual, meanwhile, sceptical
Discovering useful structures
Answer key for Exercise 1:
1 Never will Zhou Yang forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.
2 Not only am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.
3 Only if you ask many different questions will you acquire all the information you need to know.
Answer key for Exercise 2:
1 Neither he nor I knew how to use that recorder.
2 I only began my work on designing a new bridge then.
3 There was not only a Christmas tree but also exciting presents under it.
4 Hu Xin asked the photographer, “Is everything ready yet?”
Answer key for Exercise 3:
1 Only at a stadium in Beijing will you see so many seats.
2 Seldom have I seen a situation which made me so angry.
3 Only after you have acquired the information you need will you be able to write a good report.
4 Never has he given a present to me though he gave a lot (of presents) to his friends.
5 Not only is she good at languages, but also at history and geography.
6 Never before have I read such an exciting report.
7 Not once did she miss a jump when she took part in the horse riding competition. Suggested answers to Exercise 4:
1 Only after my operation did my neighbours come round to offer me support.
2 Not once did you come to say you were sorry after breaking my vase.
·14·
Suggested answers to Exercise 2: 1 He took money but act badly in a film. 2 He lied about getting drunk at a restaurant. 3 He stole something from a shop and lied about it.
4 He said some rude remarks about his ex-girlfriend to a journalist. Sample discussion:
S1: Let ’s think about what this person might have done?
S2: I know! Perhaps he was a film star and stole from a shop. But then he pretended he had n’t .
S3: That ’s a good idea. What do you think he would steal?
S4: Perhaps a gold necklace for his wife. S2: But how could he pretend he had not
done that if someone saw him?
S1: He could pretend it was not him but somebody else they saw.
S3: But when Li Ming checked his alibi he found the man was lying. Good —a great scoop.
S1: Right. So what should our heading be? S4: Can it be “A film star caught unexpectedly?” S3: Yes and the sub-heading could be “Did he need the money?”
S2: So let ’s begin. Let ’s write our ideas down first and then we will be ready to do the article. Sample article:
A Film Star Caught Unexpectedly
Did he need the money?
There has been a strange happening in a downtown shopping area. It has been said that a famous film star, Wang Ping, was。