江苏省2019高三英语专题06 情态动词和虚拟语气

2017年高考题
【2017·北京卷】21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
A. must
B. should
C. can
D. need
【答案】C
考点：考查情态动词
【名师点睛】
常用的情态动词有can，may，must，need, should等
1. can 的用法：
①表示能力 “能，会” eg: He can speak a little Japanese.他会说一点日语。

②表示请求或许可 “可以” eg: Can I help you? 要我帮忙吗?
③表示猜测 “可能” eg: Where can she go now? 她可能到哪里去了呢?
2.may 的用法：
①表示请求或允许 “可以”“准许” eg: May I go home，please?请问我可以回家吗?
②表示可能性“ 可能”、也许” eg: I think it may rain this afternoon. 我想今天下午可能下雨。

注：might为may的过去式，但也可以代替may，语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。

eg: ① He might not come today.今天他也许不来了。

(语气不肯定)
②You might also get a headache when you work too hard，当你工作太努力时，你也可能患头痛
3. must的用法：
①表示义务、必要或命令 “必须、应该” eg: You must come early tomorrow．你明天得早来。

②表示推测时“肯定，一定” eg: They must be at home.The light is on 他们肯定在家,灯亮着呢.
③ must not 禁止，不许 eg: You must not tell lies. 你不许撒谎。

注意：①must开头的疑问句，其否定回答通常用 don't have to 或needn't 。

而不用mustn't
eg: ---Must I finish my homework first? 我必须先完成作业吗？
---No, you don't have to/ needn't. 不，你不必。

② can 和 must在表推测时，can一般否定句中，而must 常用于肯定句中。

eg: ①It can not be Li Lei 那个人不可能是李磊
② It must be Li Lei 那个人肯定是李磊。

4. need 的用法：
①情态动词 “需要, 有必要”一般用于否定句或疑问句中。

eg: You needn't come here this afternoon.你今天下午不必来。

②行为动词 “需要, 有必要” 可以用于各种句式中。

eg: ①You don't need to go now. 你不必现在就走。

② I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下
③ Do we need to finish all the work today? 我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗？
need的用法的助记口诀：
实义动词表“需要”，后接名、代、不定式。

need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。

情态动词表“需要”，没有人称数之变。

其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否定。

【2017·北京卷】34. If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put
B. were put
C. should be put
D. would be put
【答案】A
考点：考查虚拟语气。

【名师点睛】
英语中的三种语气，语气是动词的一种形式，用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。

1、陈述语气（疑问，否定，肯定，感叹）
2、祈使语气（命令，要求，建议，警告）
3、虚拟语气：不可能发生的事，愿望，建议，与事实相反的假设等.1、虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法真实条件句
If you work hard,you’ll surely pass the exam.虚拟条件句（假设情况不存在，实现机会很小）If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.
1.与
现在事实相反
if 从句：动词过去式（be---were ）主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形If we had time, we would go with you.If I were you, I shouldn’t do that.If it weren’t raining, we wouldn’t stay.2.与过去事实相反if 从句：had done
主句：would/could/might/should+have done
If the teacher hadn’t helped us, we couldn’t have succeeded.I could have done it better if I had been more careful.If he hadn’t been ill, he might have come.3.与将来事实可能相反
if 从句的谓语动词
主句谓语动词
1.与现在事实相反
动词过去式（be 一律用were ）
would/could/might/should+动词原形
2.与过去事实相反
had done would/could/might/should+ha ve done
3.与将来事实可能相反 a.动词过去式（be 一律用were ）b.should+动词原形（不能用would ）
c.were to+动词原形
would/could/might/should+动词原形
if从句：a.动词过去式（be一律用were）
b.should+动词原形（不能用would）
c.were to+动词原形
主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形
If he came tomorrow, I would tell him everything.
If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home and watch TV.
If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.
Should he come tomorrow, please give the book to him.
4.错综时间条件句
(有时时间会省略）学科
5.含蓄条件句
有时虚拟条件不用if条件从句，而用介词或介词短语来表示。

They would not be able to live without him.（如果没有）
He would have failed but for his teacher’s timely advice.
（要不是）=if it had not been for
If only you had worked with greater care!(要是......就好了）
You would have done the same thing in her position.
With a little more care you could have avoid the traffic accident.
6.虚拟结合条件句
在虚拟语气中，假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来，并且虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在。

I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the singing competition.
（实------虚）
=I was ill that day. If I hadn’t been ill that day, I would have taken part in the singing
competition.
He would have bought the piano, but he didn’t have enough money.
（虚------实）
=He would have bought the piano if he had had enough money, but in fact he didn’t have enough money.
7.省略if倒装条件句
在虚拟语气中，if从句假设的情况中如果有助动词had, should和were，那么可省略if，把had, should和were放在句首构成倒装，简称省略if倒装条件句。

If he had finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.
=Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.
If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.
=were I you, I wouldn’t do that.
If I should meet him, I would tell him about it.
=Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.
【2017·江苏卷】22._______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were
B. Were it
C. It was
D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】
【名师点睛】
在虚拟语气中，be动词只能用were；虚拟条件句省去连词if时，从句主谓部分倒装：Were/Had/Should+主
语+谓语动词...
e.g. Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。

I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要，我会去的。

Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天气坏，我们就
准时到达了。

若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Weren’t,
Shouldn’t,
Hadn’t置于句首。

考点：考查虚拟语气和倒装
【2017·天津卷】2. My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A. daren’t
B. shouldn’t
C. needn’t
D. mustn’t 【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。

A.不敢；
B.不应该；C不需要；D.不许。

根据句意，故选C。

考点：考查情态动词。

【名师点睛】情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱，这几个情态动词的否定形式意思各不相同，确定各自的含义，弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。

daren’t通常表示“不敢”，shouldn’t强调的是没有义务，必要性；needn’t表示“不需要”，mustn't 表示不许，语气比较强烈，它们之间有明显不同。

【2017·天津卷】15. —Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been
B. wouldn’t have been
C. weren’t
D. wouldn’t be
【答案】B
【解析】
【名师点睛】if的虚拟语气非常重要，首先要熟悉基本用法：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句：If
主语+过去时(be动词用were)；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do：　2、表示与过去事实相反
的情况，从句：If主语+had+done；主句：主语+should/ would/ could/ might+have done　3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do ③if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were ；主句：主语+should /would/ could /might+do，另外要注意从句也可以省略if，把had，were，should提前。

这句话的虚拟语气是根据标志词otherwise和句意推断出主句是对过去的虚拟。

2016年高考题
1.【2016·北京】31.I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.
A. needn’t
B. mustn’t
C. wouldn’t
D. shouldn’t
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：题目考查情态动词。

句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六和周日我不需要早起。

A. needn’t不需要；
B. mustn’t禁止；
C. wouldn’t不愿；
D. shouldn’t不应该。

根据句意可知，周六、周日不用早起，故选A。

考点：考查情态动词
【名师点睛】
常用的情态动词有can，may，must，need,should, had better.
1. can 的用法：
①表示能力 “能，会” eg: He can speak a little Japanese.他会说一点日语。

②表示请求或许可 “可以” eg: Can I help you? 要我帮忙吗?
③表示猜测 “可能” eg: Where can she go now? 她可能到哪里去了呢?
2.may 的用法：
①表示请求或允许 “可以”“准许” eg: May I go home，please?请问我可以回家吗?
②表示可能性“ 可能”、也许” eg: I think it may rain this afternoon. 我想今天下午可能下雨。

注：might为may的过去式，但也可以代替may，语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。

eg: ① He might not come today.今天他也许不来了。

(语气不肯定)
②You might also get a headache when you work too hard，当你工作太努力时，你也可能患头痛
3. must的用法：
①表示义务、必要或命令 “必须、应该” eg: You must come early tomorrow．你明天得早来。

②表示推测时“肯定，一定” eg: They must be at home.The light is on 他们肯定在家,灯亮着呢.
③ must not 禁止，不许 eg: You must not tell lies. 你不许撒谎。

注意：①must开头的疑问句，其否定回答通常用 don't have to 或needn't 。

而不用mustn't
eg: ---Must I finish my homework first? 我必须先完成作业吗？
---No, you don't have to/ needn't. 不，你不必。

② can 和 must在表推测时，can一般否定句中，而must 常用于肯定句中。

eg: ①It can not be Li Lei 那个人不可能是李磊
② It must be Li Lei 那个人肯定是李磊。

4. need 的用法：
①情态动词 “需要, 有必要”一般用于否定句或疑问句中。

eg: You needn't come here this afternoon.你今天下午不必来。

②行为动词 “需要, 有必要” 可以用于各种句式中。

eg: ①You don't need to go now. 你不必现在就走。

② I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下
③ Do we need to finish all the work today? 我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗？
need的用法的助记口诀：
实义动词表“需要”，后接名、代、不定式。

need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。

情态动词表“需要”，没有人称数之变。

其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否定。

2.【2016·北京】34. Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me,
I could have helped.
A. told
B. had told
C. were to tell
D. would tell
【答案】B
【解析】
考点：考查虚拟语气
【名师点睛】
英语中的三种语气，语气是动词的一种形式，用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。

4、陈述语气（疑问，否定，肯定，感叹）
5、祈使语气（命令，要求，建议，警告）
6、虚拟语气：不可能发生的事，愿望，建议，与事实相反的假设等.2、虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法真实条件句
If you work hard,you’ll surely pass the exam.虚拟条件句（假设情况不存在，实现机会很小）If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.If it snowed tomorrow, we would stay at the home.
2.与现在事实相反
if 从句：动词过去式（be---were ）主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形If we had time, we would go with you.If I were you, I shouldn’t do that.If it weren’t raining, we wouldn’t stay.3.与过去事实相反if 从句：had done
主句：would/could/might/should+have done
If the teacher hadn’t helped us, we couldn’t have succeeded.I could have done it better if I had been more careful.If he hadn’t been ill, he might have come.3.与将来事实可能相反
if 从句的谓语动词
主句谓语动词
1.与现在事实相反
动词过去式（be 一律用were ）
would/could/might/should+动词原形
2.与过去事实相反
had done
would/could/might/should+ha ve done
3.与将来事实可能相反
a.动词过去式（be 一律用were ）
b.should+动词原形（不能用would ）
c.were to+动词原形
would/could/might/should+动词原形
if从句：a.动词过去式（be一律用were）
b.should+动词原形（不能用would）
c.were to+动词原形
主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形
If he came tomorrow, I would tell him everything.
If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home and watch TV.
If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.
Should he come tomorrow, please give the book to him.
5.错综时间条件句
在虚拟语气中，有时条件从句动作发生的时间和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的，称为错综时间条件句。

这种句子的形式往往要根据句子的时间相调整，分别处理。

If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
If you had followed the doctor’s advice then, you would be all right now.
If you had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better now.
(有时时间会省略）
6.含蓄条件句
有时虚拟条件不用if条件从句，而用介词或介词短语来表示。

They would not be able to live without him.（如果没有）
He would have failed but for his teacher’s timely advice.
（要不是）=if it had not been for
If only you had worked with greater care!(要是......就好了）
You would have done the same thing in her position.
With a little more care you could have avoid the traffic accident.
7.虚拟结合条件句
在虚拟语气中，假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来，并且虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在。

I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the singing competition.
（实------虚）
=I was ill that day. If I hadn’t been ill that day, I would have taken part in the singing
competition.
He would have bought the piano, but he didn’t have enough money.
（虚------实）
=He would have bought the piano if he had had enough money, but in fact he didn’t have enough money.
8.省略if倒装条件句
在虚拟语气中，if从句假设的情况中如果有助动词had, should和were，那么可省略if，把had, should和were放在句首构成倒装，简称省略if倒装条件句。

If he had finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.
=Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.
If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.
=were I you, I wouldn’t do that.
If I should meet him, I would tell him about it.
=Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.
3.【2016·江苏】27.If it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A.had not been
B.should not be
C. were not to be
D. should not have been
【答案】A
【解析】
我现在就不会在这里了。

故A正确。

【名师点睛】
有时条件从句和主句所表示的动作在时间上可以不一致（例如一个与过去事实相反，另一个与现在事实相反），这种虚拟条件句就称为错综时间虚拟条件句。

在这种条件句中，动词的形式要根据具体情况进行调整。

例句：
She would never have behaved like that if she had some common sense.
如果她有一些常识的话，她就决不会像那样做了。

If I had a bike (now), I would have lent it to you yesterday.
假如我有自行车，昨天早就借给你了。

句型说明：错综时间条件句中，特别注意时间状语，在这种情况下必须明确给以时间或通过上下文可明
白看出时间不同，否则就按一般时间搭配使用。

考点：考查虚拟语气
4.【2016·天津】
5.It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
A. wouldn’t
B. couldn’t
C. shouldn’t
D. needn’t
【答案】B
【解析】
试题分析：句意：这真是令人生气的；我不能进入你推荐的数据库。

wouldn’t不愿意；couldn’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必。

故选B。

考点：考查情态动词。

【名师点睛】情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱，这几个情态动词的否定形式意思各不相同，确定各自的含义，弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。

couldn’t通常表示“没有能力”，wouldn’t带有意愿色彩，shouldn’t强调的是没有义务，必要性；needn’t表示“没有需要”，之间有
明显不同。

5.【2016·天津】15. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ____.
A. were injured
B. would be injured
C. had been injured
D. would have been injured
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：我当时系着安全带。

如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。

使用虚拟语气，根据if条
件句用的had done，可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系。

故选D。

【名师点睛】if的虚拟语气非常重要，首先要熟悉基本用法：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句：If
主语+过去时(be动词用were)；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do：　2、表示与过去事实相反
的情况，从句：If主语+had+done；主句：主语+should/ would/ could/ might+have done　3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do ③if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were ；主句：主语+should /would/ could /might+do，另外要注意从句也可以省略if，把
had，were，should提前。

这句话的虚拟语气比较明显，if条件句使用了过去完成进行时和过去相反，没有倒装形式，学生容易看出。

6.【2016·浙江】15. Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _______ since their highest in 2005.
A. had not fallen
B. would not fall
C. did not fall
D. would not have fallen
【答案】D
【解析】
考点：考查虚拟语气。

【名师点睛】if的虚拟语气非常重要，首先要熟悉基本用法：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句：If 主语+过去时(be动词用were)；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do：　2、表示与过去事实相反
的情况，从句：If主语+had+done；主句：主语+should/ would/ could/ might+have done　3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do ③if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were ；主句：主语+should /would/ could /might+do，另外要注意从句也可以省略if，把had，were，should提前。

这句话的虚拟语气比较明显，if条件句省略了if，将had提前，说明使用了过去完成进行时和过去相反，学生看出这点就容易做题了。

7.【2016·浙江】17. George _________ too far . His coffee is still warm .
A. must have gone
B. might have gone
C. can't have gone
D. needn't have gone
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：乔治不可能走得太远了。

他的咖啡仍然是温的。

can’t have done是对过去的否定推测；must have done过去一定做了某事；might have done过去可能做了某事；needn’t have done过去本不必做某事。

故选C。

考点：考查情态动词+have done。

【名师点睛】熟练掌握情态动词的用法，对准确理解语法填空、完形填空、阅读理解、听力理解中含有情
态动词的句子是很有益处的，并且在写作中也可能会用到情态动词。

因此，我们应当学好情态动词，尤其要掌握好常用情态动词的用法。

情态动词+have done的用法：情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”，还是表达“虚拟”这一概念，只要是对过去已经发生的事情进行描述，一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构；对现在或将来的事情进行描述，用“情态动词+动词或系动词原形”。

注意不同的情态动词和have done搭配的含义。

表示推测的can have done一般用于疑问和否定句中。

2015年高考题
1.【2015·北京】29．—Can’t you stay a little longer?
—It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone.
A .may
B .can
C . must
D .dare
【答案】C
【解析】
【考点定位】考查情态动词辨析
【名师点睛】本题是考查情态动词，这里考查的是语气的强度，在这里结合语境是“一定”的意思，所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境。

2.【2015·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it.
A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信。

根据后半句wouldn’t have believed可以判断是对过去的虚拟。

所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式。

故选D。

【考点定位】虚拟语气
【名师点睛】条件句中有if引导时,首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果
符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的时间和语意判断应该用哪种虚拟语气。

3.【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.
A.didn’t write
B. hadn’t written
C. wouldn’t write
D. wouldn’t have written
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器。

根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句用would have done，因此选D项。

【考点定位】考查虚拟语气
【名师点睛】虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测建议等含义，表示的含义不是客观存在的事实，此类的题目一般难度不大，主要找对时间状语，并且看分清时间状语与主句还是从句有关系，再来确定用对现在，过去还是将来的虚拟。

4.【2015·重庆】12. You ____ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
A. must
B. can
C. will
D. shall
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变化。

must表示对现在的肯定推测。

故选A。

【考点定位】考查情态动词。

【名师点睛】must表推测的用法must表示很有把握的推测，其意为“一定会”“肯定会”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。

表示对现在或未来的情况作推测，后接动词原形。

You have worked hard all day. You must be tired 你辛苦一整天，一定累了（对现在情况的推测判断）I didn’t hear the phone. I must have be asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。

5.【2015·浙江】4. It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.
A. couldn’t
B. shouldn’t
C. mustn’t D needn’t 【答案】A
【解析】
这一点尤其要注意因为往往会出错。

如果表示一种可能往往是can 的形式（过去时态使用could）
【考点定位】考查情态动词
【名师点睛】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但它不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词一起构成谓语。

情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，每年单项填空题必考一题。

考点集中在：情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别，情态动词否定式的用法辨析，“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。

6.【2015·天津】
7. I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates
here are very friendly to me.
A. mightn’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. couldn’t
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：我来新学校之前本没有必要担心，因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。

needn’t have done本没有必要做某事，表示实际上已经做了某事。

根据句意可知选C。

【考点定位】考查情态动词。

【名师点睛】本题考查情态动词。

分析此题需抓住后句for my classmates here are very friendly to me.可知此处为本没有必要做某事，mightn’t也许不；mustn’t不允许；couldn’t不可能。

再根据句意可以选出正确答案。

7.【2015·天津】13.I wish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a
business trip in New York then.
A. will be
B. would be
C. have been
D. had been
【答案】D
【解析】
【考点定位】考查虚拟语气。

【名师点睛】本题考查wish引导的虚拟语气。

由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：1．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。

2．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。

3．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。

分析此题需抓住时间状语last Tuesday，可以判断出此题wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望。

8.【2015·四川】2.You _____be careful with the camera. It costs!
A .must B. may C. can D. will
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：考查情态动词。

根据下文的it costs可知，照相机很昂贵，故选择A，意为：你一定要非常小心对待照相机，它很昂贵。

学科
【考点定位】考查情态动词
【名师点睛】考查情态动词的用法。

情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，此题主要考查情态动词基本意义的辨析。

因此考生需要熟知选项中每个选项的具体意义以及之间的用法区别，然后根据句意选择正确的选项。

选项B意为可能；选项C意为能够、有时会；选项D意为会、愿意等。

根据句意，是说话人提出的要求，故选择A，表示必须。

9.【2015·陕西】21. You feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.
A. should
B. need
C. shall
D. may
【答案】D
【解析】
【考点定位】考查情态动词
【名师点睛】情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱，同样是“可能”can表示“客观上可能”，may/might表示“不太确定的可能”，should“按道理”应该。

弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。

10.【2015·陕西】23. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as well as her.
A. dance
B. will dance
C. had danced
D. danced
【答案】C
【解析】
试题分析：句意：Ellen是一个很棒的舞蹈演员。

但愿我能和她跳得一样好。

I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气，和现在相反用一般过去时，所以选C。

【考点定位】考查虚拟语气
【名师点睛】虚拟语气表示一些事与愿违或和事实不符的情况。

有一些规则要记忆，如一些固定句型，还有要记住这些句型中动词的形式。

I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气，和现在相反用一般过去时，
和过去相反用过去完成时，和将来相反用could/would do sth。

11.【2015·福建】27.—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it's too bad. You______have made full preparations.
A. must
B. can
C. would
D. should
【答案】D.
【解析】
【考点定位】考查考查情态动词+have done结构
【名师点睛】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但它不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词一起构成谓语。

情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，每年单项填空题必考一题。

考点集中在：情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别，情态动词否定式的用法辨析，“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。

12.【2015·江苏】28. It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.
A. did I know
B. have I known
C. do I know
D. had I known
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：如果我早知道日程安排，可能会省去我一些麻烦。

根据题干中might have saved可知主句是对过去的虚拟，从句应用if I had known与主句保持一致。

if虚拟条件句中含有had时，可将if 省去，同时将had提前构成倒装结构。

故选D项。

虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。

另外，当if 条件句中含有助动词 had，should 或were 时, 可以省略if，而将 had, should 或 were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。

【考点定位】虚拟语气
【名师点睛】虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间,
一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。

另外，当if 条件句中含有助动词 had，should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if，而将 had, should 或 were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。

13.【2015·安徽】32.It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______nowhere to stay now.
A. had
B. had had
C. would have
D. would have had
【答案】C
【解析】
【考点定位】考查虚拟语气
【名师点睛】本题考查含蓄虚拟语气和错综时间虚拟语气。

比较常见的是if引导的虚拟条件句，由otherwise, or, without等引出的相反的情况被称为“含蓄虚拟语气”。

or引出相反的情况，对过去虚拟，主句用would+have done，但是主句中有“now”，表示与现在相反，因此用would+动词原形。

2014年高考英语分项解析精编版
专题06情态动词和虚拟语气
1.【2014·全国大纲卷】30.Although you ______ find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop.
A. should
B. need
C. must
D. can
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：考查情态动词的用法。

句意：尽管你能在伦敦找到便宜货，但是一般不是购物便宜的地方。

此处can意为：能。

根据句意选D。

考点：考查情态动词的用法。

【名师点睛】考查情态动词的用法。

情态动词是每年高考的热点与难点，此题主要考查情态动词基本意义的辨析，属于比较简单的考查内容。

考生需要熟知选项中每个选项的具体意义以及之间的用法区别，然后根据句意选择正确的选项。

根据句意，是说话人对于可能性的描述，故选择D，表示能。

2.【2014·重庆卷】
3. I’ve ordered some pizza, so we _______ worry about cooking when we get home tired.。