宾语从句 文档

宾语从句
1动词的宾语从句，大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
We all expect （that ）they will win , for members of their team are stronger.
我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.
He told us （that） they would help us through the whole work.
他告诉我们在整个工作中,他们都会帮忙的.
部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
I have found out （that） all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
我发现这场音乐会的所有票都卖光了.
Can you work out （that）how much we will spend during the trip?
你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?
动词短语也可以带宾语从句
常见的这些词有:
make sure确保make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
当你在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it 做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .
我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
我每天写日记成了习惯.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this matter.
我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it
这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.
I hate it when they say with their mouths full of food.
我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
He will have it that our plan is really practical.
他会认为我们的计划确实可行.
We take it that you will agree with us.
我们认为你会同意我们的.
When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.
开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.
我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.
我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有价值的.
2介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.
The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.
这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升入太空的.
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company. 对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.
3形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:
sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
I am sure I will pass the exam. 我确信我会通过考试.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long. 很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.
if,whether在宾语从句中的区别
① if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词
know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if
② 少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.
③ whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
④ 在不定式前只能用whether.
（如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。

）
⑤ 避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.
宾语从句的否定转移
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess 等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句
上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t co me to my party.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?
我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?
宾语从句的时态和语序
当主句为现在时或将来时,宾语从句的时态一般不受主句的时态所影响.
当主句为过去时
①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生
I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.
我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.
He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.
他问我他进来的时候我是否正在读<<老人与海>>.
②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前
He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.
他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉了Mary.
③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后
The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.
记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.
如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时态不根据主句的时态而变化
The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.
老师昨天说月亮围着地球转.
当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?
你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.
1. The teacher told the children that the sun____ round.
A. was
B. is
C. were
D. are
2. I believe that our team____ the basketball match.
A. win
B. won
C. will win
D. wins
3. I don’t know____ to visit the old man.
A. whether
B. if
C. that
D. who
4.The soldiers soon reached( )was once an old temple( )the villagers used as a school.
A.which;where
B.what;which
C.where;which
D.what;where
注意
A 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。

False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.
Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.
B 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。

Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.
Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.
Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.
Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project. c主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态；具体细节请看第一部分。

False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.
Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.
例:
1)She says that she is a student.
She said that she was a student.
2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.
She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.
3)She says that she has finished her homework already.
She said that she had finished her homework already.
4)She says that she can sing a song in English.
She said that she could sing a song in English.
l如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。

例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
He told me that Japan is an island country.
Could you tell me…是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。

例：Could you tell me when we will visit the Histury Museum?
宾语从句的点点滴滴宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。

它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，将这个句子叫做宾语从句。

宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。

现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下：
D 在think,believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think 等动词变为否定形式。

例：I don’t think you are right. (我认为你做的不对)
例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)
例：I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow.
The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment
E,由连词if、 whether 引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。

Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。

l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导
例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。

l宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导.
例：I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.
l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.
例：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.
C,由wh-引导的宾语从句。

连接代词who,whom,whose, what, which,和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。

例：Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语)
I don’t know where he lives. (where 做地点状语)
一. 陈述句转换成宾语从句
1. 陈述句转换成宾语从句时，宾语从句要用that引导。

that在句中不作任何成分，本身也没有意义，只起连接作用，且可以省略。

2. 从句要用陈述语序。

3. 从句时态要与主句保持一致。

如：He is feeling well.Tom said (that) he was feeling well.
We must study hard for our motherland. All of us know (that) we must study hard for our motherland.
二. 一般疑问句转换成宾语从句
1. 一般疑问句转换成宾语从句时，用连词whether或if引导。

whether和if在句中不作任何成分，意为“是否”，起连接作用，不可省略。

2. 从句要用陈述语序。

3. 从句时态要与主句保持一致。

如：Does Mary live here? He asked me whether (if) Mary lived here. = He asked me whether (if) Mary lived here or not.
三. 特殊疑问句转换成宾语从句
1. 特殊疑问句转换成宾语从句时，要保留原来的疑问词。

这些疑问词形式不变，但语法功能已经改变，由疑问代词转变为连接代词或连接副词，它们在宾语从句中担当句子成分，不可省略。

2. 从句要用陈述语序。

3. 从句时态要与主句保持一致。

如：Why did she choose the red one? He asked me why she had chosen the red one. 由此可见，宾语从句常用在间接引语中。

那么宾语从句都作哪些词的宾语呢？
使用宾语从句的注意事项：
1. 为了结构清楚，it常代替宾语从句作形式宾语，宾语从句后置作真正的宾语，it后常有宾语补足语。

如：
We think it necessary that the fourth round of the Six-Party Talks will open again.
2. 及物动词后跟两个或两个以上由that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可以省略。

如：
Chuck learns (that) we need friends to share happiness and sorrow, and that it is important to have someone to care about.
3 动词doubt后接宾语从句时，肯定句一般用whether或if引导；疑问句和否定句只能用that引导。

如：
I doubt if / whether he is ill.我怀疑他是否真的生病了。

I don’t doubt that he can speak English.我不怀疑他会说英语。

Do you doubt that he can speak English?你认为他会说英语吗？Ⅰ .选择正确答案完成下列宾语从句。

1 .The children said____ hey ___themselves very much.
A .if, enjoy
B .why, enjoyed
C .what, enjoy
D .that, enjoyed
2 .I don’t think ____ I ____ out the problem .
A .if , can work
B .how , will work
C .that , can work
D .when , will work
3 .She is afraid ____ he____ cold at night .
A .that , will catch
B .that , catches
C .whether , will catch
D .if , catches
4 .We are sure ____he ____ to speak French well .
A . that , learned
B .that , has learned C. if , learned D .if ,has learned
5 .The boy asked____ I ____ any noise from outside .
A . when , heard
B .why , had heard
C .whether , had heard
D .what ,heard
6 .Who can tell us ____ about over there ?
A .what they talk
B .what do they talk
C .what are they talking
D .what they are talking
7 .We couldn’t find out ____, so we asked a policeman .
A .whose bike it was
B .whose bike was it
C .whose it was bike
D .whose was it bike
8 .Do you know ____ take to get to the hospital ?
A .which way must we
B .which must we way
C .which way we must
D .which we must way
9 .Tom asked ____ to school late.
A .who did often come
B .who often did come
C .who often come
D .who often came
10. I don’t remember____ the boy by himself.
A .why did she leave
B .why she left
C .why had she left
D .why she had left
11 .Have you forgotten ____ when he died?
A .how old he was
B .how old was he
C .what did he say
D .what he did say
12 .Nobody knows ____ to visit our school .
A .when wills he come
B .when does he come
C .when he will come
D .when he does come
13. Please tell us____ to the science museum.
A .how can we reach
B .how we can reach
C .how can we get
D .how we can get
14. Don’t you believe ____ t o the moon by spaceship?
A .that man did fly
B .how did man fly
C .if man fly
D .whether man fly
15. I don’t know ____.
A .what is the matter with him
B .what the matter is with him
C .what with him the matter is
D .what the matter with him is
16 .He doesn’t tell me if he ____ If he ____’ll telephon e you .
A .will come , comes
B .will come , will come
C .comes , will come
D .comes , comes
Ⅱ .选择括号内正确的关联词语填空。

1 .I wonder ____ he asked such a silly question in public.
A .how
B .why
2.____ o you think will teach us maths.next term?
A .Who B. Whom
3. Are you sure ____?
A .that she is honest
B .she is honest
4 .He ____you are not going to Shanghai.
A .is surprised that
B .surprised that
5. He often thinks of ____he can do for all the others
.A .what B .which
6. He made ____ he wouldn’t change his mind
.A. it quite clear that B .that quite clear
7 .I don’t think ____.
A .it that he came to the concert true
B .it true that he came to the concert
8. Do you know what time ____?
A .begins the football match
B .the football match begins
9. Ask him how much ____.
A .it cost
B .it costed
10. She asked me ____ to build the hospital.
A .how long it was taken
B .how long it had taken
11 .Tom killed the dog .I’ll ask him why ____
A .he did that
B .did he do that
12 .Please tell me where ____ f rom..
A .do you come
B .you come
13. In the story he wrote down ____
A .what had been happened
B .what had happened to him
14 .He told me that I ____ better take
a taxi.
A .had
B .should has
15. I want to know who ____ painting.
A .likes
B .like
16 .Father asked ____.
A .what was wrong with me
B .what wrong is with me
17 .He asked me if ____
A .the train will arrive lately
B .the train always arrived late。