Unit 1 Getting along with others 语言点(2)-精选教育文档

Unit 1 Getting along with others 语言点（2）
学习目标
重点词汇
envy, blame, gifted, curious, hesitate, imagine, mean, practical, eager, fault, discourage
重点短语
before long, accuse of, get through, be based on, regardless of, end up, rely on, thanks to
重点句型
be likely to/that
must have done
知识讲解
重点词汇
envy
【原句回放】Was it because you were ashamed of your pretended grade, or because you envied her? 那是因为你对你虚假的分数感到难为情，还是你嫉妒她？
【点拨】envy vt. & n.羡慕，嫉妒
常用搭配：envy sb. sth. 羡慕某人某物
be the envy of sb. 成为嫉妒/ 羡慕的对象
out of envy 出于嫉妒
with envy 羡慕地，嫉妒地
He envied Rose her youth and strength. 他羡慕露丝的年轻和体力。

His son is the envy of the whole street. 整条街的人都很羡慕他的儿子。

They smiled, half with admiration, half with envy. 他们笑了，半是羡慕，半是嫉妒。

blame
【原句回放】If she really is your best friend you should apologize for blaming her. 如果她真的是你最好的朋友，你应该为责备她而道歉。

【点拨】blame vt.责备，谴责
常用搭配：blame sb. for sth. 因某事责备某人
blame sth. on sb. 把......怪到......头上; 把某事的责任归咎于某人
be to blame (for…) (因为......) 应受责备
You cannot blame anyone for your failure. 你的失败不能责备任何人。

Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.
许多孩子害怕讲英语时犯错误受责备。

It’s no use blaming failure on others. 把失败归咎于他人是无用的。

The driver was to blame for the accident. 这位司机是事故的肇事者。

【拓展】blame n.过失；责备；责任
常用搭配：accept/take the blame for对某事负责任
put/ lay the blame for sth. on sb. 将某事归咎于某人
You must accept the blame for the accident. 你必须承担这次事故的责任。

She’ll put the blame on us if it turns out badly. 如果结果糟糕，她将会怪罪我们。

gifted
【原句回放】Matthew probably felt guilty about losing the match, and bad about not being as gifted at football as you are. 马修可能对输了比赛感到内疚，并且对足球技术不如你感到惭
愧。

【点拨】gifted adj. 有天赋的，天生的
常用搭配：be gifted in / at sth. 在某方面有天赋
No one can deny the fact that he is a gifted writer.
没有人敢否认他是一个有天赋的作家这一事实。

Gifted with a superb voice, she became a leading actor in the musical.
因为有天生的极好的声音，她成了这部音乐剧的重要演员。

【拓展】gift n. 天分，天赋，礼物
常用搭配：have a gift for sth. 对......有天赋
He was a kind man, with a gift for forming lasting friendships.
他是个和善的人，有建立恒久的友谊的天分。

curious
【原句回放】One day Robot was so curious that he asked Amanda what they talked about, but she replied, “We’re best friends...” 一天，罗伯特抑制不住好奇，问阿曼达她们聊了什么，她回答说：“我们是最好的朋友......”
【点拨】curious adj.好奇的
常用搭配：be curious about 对......好奇
be curious to do sth. 很想做某事
it’s curious that... ......是奇怪的，反常的
Many people are curious about what it was that led you to leave America for China.
许多人好奇到底是什么原因导致他离开美国去中国。

I’m curi ous to know what he said. 我很想知道他说了些什么。

It’s curious that he came without invitation. 很奇怪他不请自来。

【拓展】curiosity n.好奇心
hesitate
【原句回放】When asked, they usually hesitate before responding, “My best friend? I can’t think about that ...” 当被问起时，他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下：“最好的朋友？我可没想过这个问题......”
【点拨】hesitate vi.犹豫，踌躇，不愿
常用搭配：hesitate to do sth.= hesitate at doing sth. 做某事犹豫
hesitate at/ about/ over sth. 对......犹豫，迟疑
In case you need something, please don’t hesitate to ask me.
如果你需要什么东西, 请不客气地对我说。

I hesitate to ask you, but will you lend me your car for a few days?
我真不好意思向你开口, 你能把汽车借给我用几天吗?
He is still hesitating about joining the school football team.
他对是否参加校足球队还拿不定主意。

【拓展】hesitation n. 犹豫
常用搭配：without hesitation 毫不犹豫地，立即
imagine
【原句回放】I cannot imagine being without it. 我不能想象没有它。

【点拨】imagine vt.想象
注意：imagine后接动词作宾语时要用动词-ing形式。

常用搭配：imagine doing sth. 想象做某事
imagine sb. to be/ do... 以为某人是/做.....
Can you imagine him living alone on the deserted island for that long?
你能想象他一人独自在荒岛生活那么久吗？
I had imagined her to be older than that girl. 我原以为她比那个女孩儿要大些。

I can imagine him really angry. 我可以想象他真的很生气。

【拓展】imagination n.想象（力）
imaginary adj.想象中的，虚构的
imaginative adj.富有想象力的
an imaginary land 虚构的地方
an imaginative writer富于想象力的作家
mean
【原句回放】Friendship means not being alone. 友谊意味着不孤独。

【点拨】mean vt.意味，意图
常用搭配：mean doing 意味着做某事
mean to do 意欲做某事
be meant to do sth. 意图用来做某事
be meant for sth. 意图为......
mean no harm 没有恶意
Being a teacher means devoting much time to education.
当老师意味着对教育投入很多的时间。

Does the name “Jos V os” mean anything to you (= do you know who he is)?
你知道名叫Jos Vos的那个人是谁吗？
What did he mean by that remark? 他那样说是什么意思？
The chair was clearly meant for a child. 这把椅子是准备给孩子用的。

practical
【原句回放】We will listen to your problem and offer you practical advice on how to overcome them. 我们会倾听你的问题，然后向你提供实用的建议来克服这些问题。

【点拨】practical adj. 实际的，实用的，可行的
It’s an interesting idea, but there are many practical difficulties.
这是一个很有意思的想法,然而却存在着许多实际困难。

Your invention is not practical. 你的发明不实用。

【拓展】practise vt. & vi.实践，练习，从事
practice n.实践，练习；惯例
常用搭配：practise doing sth. 练习做某事
put sth. into practice 把......付诸实施
be/ get out of practice 生疏，疏于练习
Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。

He often practises throwing the ball into the net in the afternoon.
他下午经常练习投篮。

eager
【原句回放】A girl’s closest friend, however, might be eager to tell her about something that has happened in her life. 而一个女孩的密友则可能会迫不及待地向她吐露自己生活中发生过的一些事。

【点拨】eager adj.热切的，渴望的
常用搭配：be eager to do sth. 急切想做某事
be eager for sth. 急切想获得某物
He is eager to try something he has never tried before.
他急于想尝试以前没有试过的东西。

She is eager for (= wants very much to get) her parents’ approval.
她急于得到父母的赞同。

【拓展】类似意思的短语还有：
be anxious to do sth. 急于做某事（强调不安）
be dying to do sth. 渴望做某事
fault
【原句回放】He got annoyed, saying it wasn’t his fault if he couldn’t play as well as me, and that I shouldn’t talk to him in this manner. 他也被惹火了，说如果他的球技不如我那可不是他的错，还说我不该以这种方式和他说话。

【点拨】fault n．缺点，毛病；过失
常用搭配：find fault in找出……的毛病
find fault with挑剔，对……吹毛求疵
at fault有过错
be one’s fault是某人的错
—Who broke the cup? 谁把杯子摔了？
—It’s my fault. I dropped it. 这是我的过错，我摔的。

It was his fault that we were late. 我们迟到是他的错。

【拓展1】faulty adj.有毛病的，有缺点的
【拓展2】fault, mistake, shortcoming, error 的区别
1. fault 可指行为、品质上表现出的“缺点”、“毛病”，也可指因违反规章所犯的“错误”，往往
含有责备之意，并强调当事人对所犯错误负有责任。

Every man has his faults. 人无完人，金无足赤。

It’s your fault that he lost the watch. 他把那块手表丢了是你的错。

2. mistake 指判断或理解方面，或因考虑不周而造成的错误。

You made a mistake about the time. 你记错了时间。

3. shortcoming 表示一般性的“缺点”。

指性格上的弱点时，有时可与fault 换用，语气稍轻。

Rudeness is a serious shortcoming. 粗鲁无礼是一个严重的缺点。

4. error 是通用词，指任何错误。

The accident was caused by human error. 这次事故是由人为过错造成的。

【原句回放】Mum discourages me from chatting online. 妈妈阻止我上网聊天。

【点拨】discourage vt. 使丧失勇气；使气馁；使沮丧
常用搭配：discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻止/ 劝阻某人做某事
Don’t let one failure discourage you. Try again.
不要因为一次失败就气馁，再试试看。

His parents discouraged him from joining the air force.
他的父母亲劝他不要参加空军。

【拓展】discouraged adj.感到气馁的
discouraging adj.令人气馁的
discouragement n. 气馁, 挫折,劝阻
If you meet with any difficulty in your study, don’t be discouraged.
如果你学习中遇到什么困难,不要灰心。

a discouraging result 一个令人泄气的结果
重点短语
before long
【原句回放】Talk to your friend and I’m sure that, before long, you’ll be back playing football together. 跟你的朋友谈谈，我确信不久你会回去一起踢足球。

【点拨】before long 不久之后
At the time I had fully expected to find work before long.
那个时候我还一心盼望不久就可找到工作。

Before long he would be able to talk about politics in English.
他很快也能用英语谈论政治了。

【拓展】long before 很久以前
Mark learned to read long before he started school. 马克上学之前很早就学会了看书。

accuse of
【原句回放】He accused me of some really bad things just to hurt me. 为了伤害我，他指责我做了一些非常不好的事情。

【点拨】accuse (sb.) of sth. /doing sth. 指控某人犯……错/罪
I don’t want to accuse him of telling lies. 我不想指责他撒谎这件事。

Her assistant was accused of theft and fraud by the police.
她的助手因为偷盗和欺骗受到了警察的指控。

【拓展】charge sb. with ... 控告某人犯......罪
He was charged with stealing a car.
他被指控偷了一辆汽车。

get through
【原句回放】Our lines can get very busy, but please keep trying and you will soon get through. 我们的线路很忙，但是请继续尝试，你不久会接通（电话）的。

【点拨】get through（through表示“from beginning to end”，强调动作的过程，或任务的困难）
1. (用电话)接通某人
I rang you several times but wasn’t able to get through.
我给你打了几次电话，但是没有接通。

2. 穿过; 通过
The passage is too narrow for cars to get through. 这条通道太窄了，汽车过不去。

3. 读完; (使)理解; 消化
I have a pile of papers to get through before the meeting.
会前我有一大堆文件要浏览消化呢。

4. 完成
I got through the novel in one evening. 我一晚上就完成了这篇小说。

5. 用完, 花光
He has got through all the money I lent him. 他已经用光了我借给他的所有的钱。

（此句中got through =used up和ran out of）
be based on
【原句回放】Friendships between girls are usually anchored in shared feelings and support, but friendships between boys are based on shared activities or interests. 女孩之间的友谊通常建立在共同的情感和互相支持之上，而男孩之间的友谊则以共同的活动或兴趣为基础。

【点拨】be based on 建立在......之上（base sth. on 将......建立在......上）
This news report is based entirely on fact.
这篇新闻报导是完全根据实际情况写成的。

Judgment should be based on facts, not on hearsay.
判断应该以事实为依据,而不应该依靠道听途说。

One should always base one’s opinions on facts.意见应以事实为根据。

【拓展】be anchored in 扎根于
regardless of
【原句回放】The qualities that boys and girls consider important in a friend seem to be the same, regardless of the basis of these friendships. 无论男孩和女孩友谊的基础是什么，他们所看重的朋友身上的品质似乎是一样的。

【点拨】regardless of不管，不顾（介词短语）
He continued speaking, regardless of my feelings on the matter.
他不顾及我在此事上的感受，继续往下说。

She is determined to do regardless of all consequences.
她不顾一切后果，决心这样做。

【拓展】意义相同的表示法：in spite of/ despite 不管，尽管
end up
【原句回放】I ended up returning to the train station and spending the rest of the day in the waiting room. 最终我回到火车站，在候车室里度过了当天余下的时光。

【点拨】end up 结束，告终
常用搭配：end up doing... 以做......而告终
end up with... 以......而告终
end up as... 结果成为
If you don’t know what you want, you might end up getting something you don’t want.
如果你不知道要什么，那你可能最终得到你并不想要的东西。

If he continues to steal, he’ll end up in prison. 假如他继续行窃，最终肯定会锒铛入狱。

It ended up with failure. 事情因失败而告终。

It ended up with only three of us going to the activity.
最后我们只有其中三个人参加了那个活动。

He worked very hard and ended up as head of the firm.
他工作非常努力，最后成了这个公司的最高领导。

【拓展】end with 以……结束
The festival will end with a spectacular laser show. 音乐节以壮丽的激光表演结束。

rely on
【原句回放】Friendship means having someone I can rely on. 友谊意味着有人可以依靠。

【点拨】rely on 依赖，信赖，依靠
They have to rely on the river for their water. 他们用水只好依靠这条河。

I rely on my brother’s words absolutely. 我绝对相信我哥哥的话。

Who can rely on such a man as to tell a lie? 谁能信任这样一个撒谎的人?
【拓展】depend on 依赖，依靠，相信；取决于
thanks to
【原句回放】Thanks to her help, I was able to pass the exam. 多亏了她的帮助，我才得以通过考试。

【点拨】thanks to 幸亏，由于
Thanks to the car, I was able to get back home in time.
幸亏有汽车代步，我才得以及时赶回家。

Thanks to the increase of pollution, many ducks have died.
由于污染的增加，许多鸭子都死了。

【拓展】意思相近的短语还有：
because of 因为（着重陈述某种原因和理由）
due to （用于较庄重的书面语中，侧重“起因于”。

owing to 由于（可以和due to换用）
as a result of 作为......的结果，由于
重点句型
be (un)likely to/that
【原句回放】A boy is likely to be cautious about sharing his feelings with his close friends. 男孩可能和亲密朋友分享感情时很谨慎。

【点拨】be (un)likely to do sth. 有（不）可能做某事
be (un)likely that ... 很有（不）可能......
I’ve heard that the firm is likely to go bankrupt. 我听说那家公司很可能要破产。

It isn’t likely that I should accept such an offer as that. 我不可能接受像那样的帮助。

His condition is unlikely to improve. 他的境况不大可能好转。

It seems unlikely that he will come. 他似乎不大可能来。

【拓展】possible，probable，likely的区别
1）表示“可能”的形容词possible的可能性最小，指客观上有可能；probable可能性最大，表示“很可能，十有八九”；likely更接近probable，表示外表迹象表明有可能。

如：It’s possible but not likely/ probable that he’ll come here next month.
他下月有可能来这里，但是不很肯定。

It’s probable, not only possible. 这事多半如此，不只是可能。

2）这三个词中，只有likely可以用人作主语。

She is likely to go abroad. 她可能出国。

3）possible 和likely 后面可以接不定式的一般式，而probable不可以。

It is possible to go to the moon now. 现在有可能登上月球。

4）likely也可以作副词，其他两个词是都形容词。

must have done
【原句回放】I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz, saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade. 小测验之后，我的口气听上去想必很是自鸣得意，因为我嚷嚷着说那份试卷有多么容易，还说我肯定能够取得好的分数。

【点拨】must have done 一定做过...... （表示对过去情况的肯定推测）
You must have been mad to speak to that man. 你和那个人说话，一定是发疯了。

The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. 地都湿了，昨天晚上一定下过雨了。

对比：
He must be Mr. White. 他一定是怀特先生。

（must be 对现在事情的推测）
He must be staying with his mother.
他现在一定正和他母亲在一起。

（对正在发生的事情的推测）
【拓展】其他表示推测的“情态动词+have done”
1. can’t/couldn’t have done不可能做过某事（表示对过去事情的否定推测）
2. can ... have done可能做过……吗？（疑问句中，表示对过去行为的怀疑）
3. may/might have done可能做过某事（表示对发生过的事情的推测，用于肯定句和否定句）Mary can’t have stolen your money. She has gone hom e. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。

There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？—What has happened to George? 乔治发生了什么事？
—I don’t know. He may have got lost. 我不知道，他可能迷路了。