人教版高二英语选修六同步复习全攻略2.1 重点词汇短语细解(含解析)

重点词汇短语细解
一、重点词汇细解
1. convey vt.运送；传达；表达；转让(财产等)
【教材原句】Others try to convey certain emotions. 而有些诗则是为了传达某种感情。

【归纳拓展】
convey sth. to sb. 向某人传达/传递某物
convey sth./sb. to someplace 把某物/某人运送到某地
convey one’s appreciation to sb. for sth. 因某事向某人表示感谢
convey one’s feeling/meaning/sorrow/message 表达某人的感情/想法/悲伤/信息
[即学即练]
(1)His determined look ______________________ that all the injured should be conveyed from the spot to the hospital at once.
他坚定的表情表达了他的想法：所有的伤员应该立即从现场转移到医院。

(2)As a teacher rich in experience, he knows exactly ______________________ the students.
作为一个经验丰富的老师，他知道如何准确地向学生表达他的想法。

(3)Passengers _____________________ to the airport. 旅客们被公共汽车送往机场。

(4)Pipes __________ gas __________ every family __________ the power plant.
管道将燃气从工厂传送到每家每户。

(5)______________________ how angry I am with her. 言语无法表达我对她有多么的生气。

(6)The old farmer __________ his farm __________ his son. 老农夫将农场转让给儿子。

【答案】
(1)conveyed his meaning
(2)how to convey his ideas to
(3)are conveyed by bus
(4)convey；to；from
(5)Words cannot convey
(6)conveyed；to
【解析】本题主要考查重点词汇convey的用法
【明辨异同】辨析convey/transfer/transport
convey基本含义指将物体从一地运送到另一地，或指语言、信息等的传递。

transfer主要指工作地点的变换、住所及物体的转移，还可指旅途中交通工具的变换，如转
车、转船等，也可指把财产转让给他人。

transport基本含义是运送，但该词通常局限于用交通工具运输货物和人。

2. concrete adj. 具体的n. 混凝土
【教材原句】The language is concrete but imaginative, and they delight small children because they rhyme, have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition. 童谣的语言具体但富有想象力，这能使小孩子们快乐，因为它们押韵，有很强的节奏和大量的重复。

例：
(1)Have you any concrete thoughts on how to deal with this difficulty?
处理这种困难你有什么具体的想法？
(2)The word “apple” is a concrete noun.“苹果”是个具体名词。

(3)His plan is not yet concrete. 他的计划尚不具体。

(4)These buildings are made of concrete and steel.
这些房屋是用混凝土和钢铁建成的。

[即学即练]
翻译下列句子。

(1)鞋和树是实物。

________________________________________________________________________
(2)你有没有具体的建议呢？
________________________________________________________________________
3. tease vi.&vt. 取笑；招惹；戏弄
例：
(1)At school the other children always teased me because I was fat. 在学校里别的孩子总是取笑我，因为我很胖。

(2)They teased her about her laziness. 他们笑她懒惰。

(3)Don’t take it seriously—he was only teasing. 别当真，他只不过是在开玩笑。

(4)Stop teasing the poor cat! 不要捉弄那只可怜的猫了。

(5)He’s a terrible tease. 他特别爱戏弄人。

4. eventually adv.最后，终于
【教材原句】With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to write poems of their own. 有了这么多可供选择的诗歌类型，学生们最终也许想自己写诗了。

例：
(1)She eventually married the most persistent one of her admirers. 她终于嫁给了最执著追求她的人。

(2)After playing the part for over 20 years, she was eventually written out(of the series). 她扮演了20多年的一个角色，最后(从连续剧中)去掉了。

(3)I was eventually granted an exit visa. 我最终获得了出境签证。

(4)He struggled with his assailants and eventually drove them off. 他同攻击他的人进行搏斗，最后把他们赶走了。

(5)It was a long journey, but we eventually arrived. 旅程很长，但我们最后还是到达了。

5. transform vi&vt. 转化；转换；改造；变换
【教材原句】Never looking back, transformed into stone. 化为石，不回头。

【归纳拓展】
transform () into (使……)转变成……
be transformed from into 由……变成……；由……迁到……
transformation n. (外观或性质的)改变、变革
make a/the transformation 转变，改变
例：
(1)A fresh coat of paint can transform a room. 房间重新粉刷一遍可大为改观。

(2)The wizard transformed the prince into a frog. 巫师把王子变成了青蛙。

[即学即练]
(1)The photochemical reactions __________ the light ______ electrical impulses. 光化学反应使光变为电脉冲。

(2)One of the world’s largest Nazi bunkers has been ________________ a museum. 世界上最大的纳粹掩体之一已经变成了一座博物馆。

(3)We are living in a time of social ________________. 我们生活在一个社会变革的时代。

(4)He tried hard to ________________ in his appearance. 他尽力改变自己的外貌。

6. appropriate adj.适当的；正当的vt.占用，拨出
【教材原句】Match the beginning of each sentence with the appropriate ending. 为每个句子的开头搭配合适的结尾。

【拓展归纳】
be appropriate for/to 适合；合乎
appropriate sth. for sth. 为某物拨专款
It is appropriate that (从句中用可以省略should的虚拟语气形式）
an appropriate response/measure/method
恰如其分的反应/恰当的措施/方法
例：
Her plain clothes were not appropriate for the very formal party.
她那身朴素的衣服不适合那样正式的宴会。

It is clearly not appropriate for a student to litter and scribble about.
很明显学生乱扔垃圾、到处乱刻画是不合适的。

【明辨异同】辨析appropriate, fit, suitable与proper
四个词都含有“适合的”的意思。

appropriate指适合于特殊的人及场合、地位等，强调自然具备适宜的性质。

fit指某人或某物在目的上、用途上适合。

suitable意味着适合某种情况。

proper含有生来就具备适宜性质的含义，还表示某物具有它应当具备的性质。

[即学即练]
选词填空(appropriate/fit/suitable/proper)
(1)She is not __________ to look after children. 她不适合照看小孩。

(2)The house is not really __________ for a large family. 这所房子确实不适合大家庭居住。

(3)An artist needs __________ tools. 艺术家要有合适的工具。

7. exchange n.交换；交流；互换vt. & vi.调换；交换
【教材原句】If there hadn’t been an exchange programme, he would not have found a sponsor to help him study abroad. 如果没有交流计划，他就找不到一个帮助他出国学习的赞助者。

【归纳拓展】
make an exchange 交换
in exchange (for…) 作为交换（……）
exchange sth for sth 以……交换……
exchange sth with sb 与某人交换某物
exchange looks 交换眼色
exchange information 交流信息
exchange greetings 互相问候；打招呼
exchange words 相互交谈
[即学即练]
(1)I took his camera ______________________ my watch. 我用我的手表换他的相机。

(2)They have offered to release the reporters, but what do they want ______________________?他们提出可以释放记者，但他们想要什么作为交换？
(3)He __________ an apple __________ an orange. 他用一个苹果换了一个橘子。

(4)Shall I __________ seats __________ you? 我和你换一下座位好吗？
(5)It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ______________________．政府官员要求人们以礼物和金钱来换取好处是违法的。

二、重点短语细解
1. run out of 用光；耗尽
【教材原句】We would have won if we hadn’t run out of energy. 如果我们没有用完能量，我们本来会赢的。

例：
(1)It is very important that this organization does not run out of money.
这个组织没有用光钱，这是很重要的。

(2)We’ve run out of petrol. What a bore!
我们的汽油用完了。

真麻烦！
【明辨异同】辨析run out of/run out/give out/use up
run out of 意为“用完了”，是及物动词短语，表示主动意义，主语一般是人
意为“……用完了”，是不及物动词短语，其主语通常是物(时间、食物、金run out
钱等)
“用尽；精疲力竭”，可以表示人的力气“用完”或者人“筋疲力尽”，为不give out
及物动词短语
use up 意为“用完；消耗尽”，为及物动词短语，相当于run out of
(1)单项填空
—Can I borrow one of your pens, Sarah? Mine has ________ ink.
—Of course. Just give it back to me after class.
A. kept up with
B. looked forward to
C. run out of
D. lose sight of
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——我能借你一只钢笔吗，萨拉？我的墨水用完了。

——当然可以。

下课后还给我就行。

A. kept up with跟上；B. looked forward to期待；C. run out of用完，耗尽；D. lose sight of看不见。

墨水用完才需要借别人的，故选C。

(2)翻译句子
旅行将要结束时，食物已经吃完了。

________________________________________________________________________
2. take it easy 轻松；不紧张；从容
【教材原句】We would have won if we hadn’t taken it easy. 如果我们没有放松警惕的话，我们本来是会夺冠的。

【归纳拓展】
take things easy 别紧张；从容不迫地进行工作
take one’s chance 碰运气
take one’s time 不匆忙；不急于；慢慢来
take sb. wrong 误解（曲解）某人的意思
take sth. seriously 认真对待某事
take for granted 认为……理所当然
【明辨异同】辨析take it easy/take one’s time
take it easy 意为“放松；不紧张”，指心理上别紧张，相当于don’t be nervous take one’s
time
意为“不慌不忙；从容不迫”，指时间上很充裕，不用着急，含有
“Don’t hurry, there’s enough time.”之意
(1)______________________, and you will make it. 别紧张，你会成功的。

(2)Now, no use getting nervous. Tom, ______________________. 汤姆，不要过于紧张，现在着急是没用的。

(3)There’s no need to rush back—just ______________________. 不用急着赶回来——慢慢来吧。

(4)Believe it or not, I always ______________________.(take) 信不信由你，我总是认真对待你的建议。

(5)—I think we sometimes ______________________ the fact that we have food, water, and a place to live in.
—You’re right. There are so many people who aren’t as lucky as we are.
——我认为我们有时理所当然地认为我们有食物、水和居住的地方。

——你说得对。

有那么多人没有我们那么幸运。

【答案】
(1)Take it easy
(2)take it easy
(3)take your time
(4)take your suggestions seriously
(5)take for granted
【解析】本题主要考查take相关短语的用法
3. be made up of 由……组成/构成
【教材原句】Another simple form of poem that students can easily write is the cinquain，a poem made up of five lines. 另外一种学生容易写的简体诗是由五行组成的，叫五行诗。

【归纳拓展】
make up 组成；编造；化妆；补偿
make up for 弥补
make out 听出，看出，辨认出
be made of 由……做成(看得出原材料的样子)
be made from 由……做成(看不出原材料的样子)
be made out of 由……制成；用……改制而成
be made into 把……做成……
be made in (某物)产于某地
(1)完成句子。

①Are all animal bodies ______________________ cells? 所有动物的身体都是由细胞组成的吗？
②I’ll try to ______________________ the lost time. 我要尽力弥补失去的时间。

③Books ______________________ paper, while paper ______________________ wood. 书是由纸做成的；而纸是由木头做的。

④Women officers ______________________ 13 percent of the police force. 女警占警力的13%。

⑤Insects ______________________ tens of thousands of proteins. 昆虫由数万种蛋白质构成。

【答案】
①made up of
②make up for
③are made of；is made from
④make up
⑤are made up of
【解析】本题主要考查make相关短语的用法
(2)辨别下列各句中make up的意义。

①They quarreled (with each other) but soon made up. ______________
②She made up her face to look prettier. ______________
③The boy made up a story；it was not true. ______________
④We need one more player to make up a team. ______________
4. try out 测试；试验
【归纳拓展】
try out for 参加……选拔或试演
try sth.on 试穿(衣物)
try one’s best 尽力
try one’s luck 试试运气
例：
She knew I wanted to try the boat out at the weekend.
她知道我周末想开船出去试一下。

London Transport hopes to try out the system in September.
伦敦交通系统有望在9月份对该系统进行试运营。

[即学即练]
用try on，try out的适当形式填空。

(1)I’m ________________ a new computer.
(2)When buying clothes, ________________ various colors and prints and see which ones
make you look best.
(3)A lot of teams wanted me to ________________ for other positions and I told them no.
5. let out 发出；放走
【教材原句】Slowly the moon climbs in the sky, Slowly the blackbird lets out. 月亮慢慢地爬上了天空，黑鹂慢慢地发出啼声。

例：
Don’t let out the plan to the press. 别把这项计划泄露给媒体。

He let out the bird from the cage. 他把鸟从笼子里放走了。

【归纳拓展】
let down 放下；使失望；给轮胎放气
let alone 更不用提；更别说
let one’s hair down 无拘无束；放松一下
let go 放开；松手
let it go 算了；放手
let in 让……进来；放……进来
let off 放（炮）；投放（炸弹）；宽恕
[即学即练]
用有关let的短语填空
(1)Helen ______________ a sigh of relief after hearing that her brother was not injured in the accident.
(2)The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance,
________________ the natural light during the day. 入口处的玻璃门已取代了木门，在白天好让自然光照进来。

(3)I hardly had time to think these days, ________________ relax.
这些天我几乎都没有时间思考，更不用说休息了。

(4)I am most awfully sorry to________________. 让您失望我感到非常抱歉。

.
【答案】
(1)let out
(2)letting in
(3)let alone
(4)let you down
【解析】本题主要考查let相关短语的用法
.。