英语讲解

一、句子成分
（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。

句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

主语可由名词、
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）
We often speak English in class.（代词）
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。

动词在句中作谓语，一般放
1
1
You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。

如：We are students.
（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。

动名词、介词短语、例如：Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
Is it yours?（代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）
The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）
They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
him their monitor.
（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。

带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+
His father named him Dongming.（名词）
They painted their boat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）
定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of th e rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
情态动词讲解：
【例题】1. “Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he _____ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.”
A. shall
B. will
C. would
D. can
（A）
解析：sha ll用于疑问句中征求意见，用于陈述句中表示允诺、告诫、警告、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等(可用于各类人称)。

【例题】You _______ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.
A. cannot
B. shouldn’t
C. mustn’t
D. needn’t
（A）cannot…too…是英语中一个十分有用的表达，意为“不可能太……，无论怎样……也不算过分，越……越……”
3. “Is John coming by train?” “He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.”
A. must ?
B. can
C. need ?
D. May
（D）may not 意为“可能不”
4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.” “It ____ true because there was little snow there.”
A. may not be
B. won’t be
C. couldn’t be
D. mustn’t be
（C）表示“不可能”
5. You _____ be right, but I don’t think you are.
A. can
B. could
C. must
D. Should
（B）can表推测不能用于肯定句，而could可以！且此时的could 并不是can 的过去式，与can 也没有时间上的差别，只是could 比can语气更委婉。

【课堂测验】
1.“Is there a flight to London this evening?” “There _______ be. I’ll phone the airport and find it out.”
A. must
B. might
C. would
D. can
2. They often go to the restaurants for meals. They _____ be very poor.
A. mustn’t
B. can’t
C. may not
D. needn’t
3.“Shall we go shopping?”
“Sorry, we _______ buy anything now because none of the shops are open.”
A. mustn’t
B. needn’t
C. can’t
D. shouldn’t
4. You _____ practise the drums while the baby is sleeping.
A. needn’t
B. mightn’t
C. mustn’t
D. won’t
5.You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture.
A. must
B. shall
C. may
D. Need
6.—I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
—It ___ Harry’s. He always wears green.
A. has to be
B. will be
C. mustn’t be
D. could be
7.The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it ______be very slow. （2005浙江）
A. should
B. must
C. will
D. Can
第一次作业（情态动词一）
1.He’s strange -- he ____ sit for hours without saying anything.
A. shall
B. will
C. can
D. Must
2.John, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour？（2005全国Ⅲ）
A. Must
B. Can
C. May
D. Need
3.Tom, you _____leave all your clothes on the floor like this！（2005全国II）
A. wouldn’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. may not
4.You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady. (2001上海)
A. might
B. need
C. should
D. Would
5._____it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
A. Should
B. Would
C. Could
D. Must
6.A left-luggage office is a place where bags ____ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. （2003全国卷）
A. should
B. can
C. must
D. Wil l
7.— The room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?
— Of course. （2003北京春）
A. Will
B. Shall
C. Would
D. Do
8.“The interest ______be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made b y
both sides.” declared the judge. （2004重庆）
A. may
B. should
C. must
D. shall
1.分析：will用来谈习惯和特性，尤其是不受时限必然发生的情况。

本句意思为“他很怪，能一坐几个小时一句话也不说”。

答案为B。

2.分析：must用于疑问句，表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏要，硬要”；而mustn’t 则表示禁止、不允许，是说话人强有力的劝告。

3.分析同上。

4.分析：在某些名词性从句中，should 表示惊异、意外等情绪，常译为“竟然”。

答案为C。

如：It seems unfair that this should happen to me. 真不公平，这件事竟然发生在我身上。

5.分析：在条件状语从句中，should 表示“万一”，即可表示不能实现的假设，又可表示可以实现的假设。

该句意思为“万一明天下雨，会议就延期。

”答案为A。

6.分析：can 表示推测时常用于疑问和否定句中，用于肯定句中常常表示理论上的可能性，用来表达事件或情况可能发生（但并不牵涉到是否真的会发生）。

故答案为B
7.B，当shall用于一、三人称疑问句中时，表示征求对方意见；用于二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等
8.D分析同上。