2020高考英语说明文和议论文类完形填空精选试题(12页)

2020高考英语说明文和议论文类完形填空精选试题
1.阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A 、B 、C 和D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid -March - ___1___ six months out of the year
“Of course, we ___2___ it when the sun is shining,” says Karin Ro, who works for the town’s tourism office. “We see the sky is ___3___, but down in the valley it’s darker — it’s like on a ___4___ day.”
But that ___5___ when a system of high -tech ___6___ was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰) into the valley below. Wednesday, residents(居民) of Rjukan ___7___ their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to ___8___. The mirrors are controlled by a computer that ___9___ them to turn along with the sun throughout the ____10____ and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam(束) of light onto the town’s central ____11____, creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light ____12____, Rjukan residents gathered together.
“People have been ____13____ there and standing there and taking ____14____ of each other,” Ro says. “The town square was totally ____15____. I think almost all the people in the town were there.” The 3,500 residents cannot all ____16____ the sunshine at the same time. ____17____, the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s ____18____ residents.
“It’s not very ____19____” she says, “but it is enough when we are ____20____.” 1. A. only B. obviously C. nearly D. precisely 2. A. fear B. believe C. hear D. notice 3. A. empty B. blue
C. high
D. wide 4. A. cloudy B. normal
C. different
D. warm 5. A. helped B. changed
C. happened
D. mattered 6. A. computers B. telescopes C. mirrors D. cameras 7. A. remembered B. forecasted C. received D. imagined 8. A. repair B. risk C. rest D. use 9. A. forbids B. directs C. predicts D. follows 10. A. day B. night C. month D. year 11. A. library
B. hall
C. square
D. street
.
,
12. A. appeared B. returned C. faded D. stopped
13. A. driving B. hiding C. camping D. sitting
14. A. pictures B. notes C. care D. hold
15. A. new B. full C. flat D. silent
16. A. block B. avoid C. enjoy D. store
17. A. Instead B. However C. Gradually D. Similarly
18. A. nature-loving B. energy-saving C. weather-beaten D. sun-starved
19. A. big B. clear C. cold D. easy
20. A. trying B. waiting C. watching D. sharing
2
In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the now famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively ___21___ work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.
In any case, despite so much evidence to the ___22___, many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, _____23_____, that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from ___24___ without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.
Different cultures have different ways of ___25___ people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making — all members of the department or work group are asked to ___26___ to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general
___27___. Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional ___28___ managers cannot.
A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without ___29___ managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards
downsizing:___30___ the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be ___31___ with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has ___32___ been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to ___33___ that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.
Another trend is off-site or ___34___ management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet
work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the ___35___ of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.
21. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike
22. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme
23. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise
24. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above
25. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging
26. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply
27. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression
28. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male
29. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing
30. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating
31. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared
32. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally
33. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure
34. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene
35. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness
3.
In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The ___36___ is that countries around the world have growing mountains of ___37___ because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.
How did we ___38___ a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to ___39___ an object than to spend time and money to repair it. ___40___ modern manufacturing(制造业)and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and ___41___.
Another cause is our ___42___of disposable(一次性的)products. As ___43___ people, we are always looking for ___44___ to save time and make our lives easier. Companies ___45___ thousands of different kinds of disposable products:paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also ___46___ to the problem. We are ___47___ buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that ___48___ is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we ___49___ useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world, we can see the ___50___ of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To ___51___ the amount of rubbish and to protect the ___52___, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. ___53___, this is not enough to solve(解决)our problem.
Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions ___54___ throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about ___55___. Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.
36. A. key B. reason C. project D. problem
37. A. gifts B. rubbish C. debt D. products
38. A. face B. become C. observe D. change
39. A. hide B. control C. replace D. withdraw
40. A. Thanks to B. As to C. Except for D. Regardless of
41. A. safe B. funny C. cheap D. powerful
42. A. love B. lack C. prevention D. division
43. A. sensitive B. kind C. brave D. busy
44. A. ways B. places C. jobs D. friends
45. A. donate B. receive C. produce D. preserve
46. A. adapts B. returns C. responds D. contributes
47. A. tired of B. addicted to C. worried about D. ashamed for
48. A. newer B. stronger C. higher D. larger
49. A. pick up B. pay for C. hold onto D. throw away
50. A. advantages B. purposes C. functions D. consequences
51. A. show B. record C. decrease D. measure
52. A. technology B. environment C. consumers D. brands
53. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Meanwhile
54. A. by B. in favour of C. after D. instead of
55. A. spending B. collecting C. repairing D. advertising
4.
One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault-finder. However, life can be ___56___ when you are not busy finding fault with it.
Several years ago I ___57___ a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry, who described herself as a world-class
,
fault-finder, almost always ___58___ by things. People were always doing things that annoyed her, and ___59___ was ever good enough. She was highly self-critical and also found fault with her friends. She became a really
___60___ person.
Unfortunately it took a horrible accident to change her ___61___. Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash. What made it almost ___62___ to deal with was that the day before the ___63___, Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her ___64___ of boyfriends, the way she was living, the way she related to her mother, and various other things she felt she needed to ___65___. It wasn’t until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became ___66___ her habit of finding fault. Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to ___67___ everything so harshly(刻薄). She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her ___68___ as well.
Perhaps most of us aren’t as extreme at fault-finding, ___69___ when we’re honest, we can be sharply
___70___ of the world. I’m not suggesting you ___71___ problems, or that you pretend things are ___72___ than they are, but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are — ___73___ most of the time, and especially when it’s not a really big ___74___.
Train yourself to ＂bite your tongue＂, and with a little ___75___, you’ll get really good at letting things go. And when you do, you’ll get back your enthusiasm and love for life.
56. A. lonely B. great C. quiet D. uneasy
57. A. received B. answered C. expected D. rejected
58. A. threatened B. interrupted C. bothered D. spoiled
59. A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing
60. A. caring B. boring C. interesting D. surprising
61. A. attitude B. plan C. measure D. explanation
62. A. urgent B. unnecessary C. certain D. impossible
63. A. occasion B. event C. accident D. adventure
64. A. memory B. notice C. evidence D. choice
65. A. hear B. contribute C. express D. admit
66. A. aware of B. afraid of C. curious about D. confused about
67. A. discuss B. realize C. judge D. settle
68. A. family B. life C. career D. education
69. A. so B. or C. but D. for
70. A. proud B. sure C. hopeful D. critical
71. A. face B. create C. solve D. ignore
72. A. rarer B. better C. stranger D. worse
73. A. at least B. at last C. by far D. so far
74. A. task B. deal C. result D. duty
75. A. practice B. speech C. rest D. pity
5
＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂A, B, C, D＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂＂
As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this ________at work in people of all _________. For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about _______with their new toys. But their ________soon wear off and by January those_________toys can be found put away in the basement. The world is full of_________stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someone’s _________interest. When parents bring home a pet, their
child________bathes it and brushes its fur. Within a short time, however, the_______of caring the animal is handed over to the parents. Adolescent enter high school with great_______but soon looking forward to________. The same is true of the young adults going to the college. And then, how many_________, who complain about the long drives to work, _________drove for hours at a time when they first_________ their drivers licenses? Before people retire, they usually _______to do a lot of_____things, which never had _____while working. But
________after retirement, the golfing, the fishing , the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they _______. And, like the child in January, they go searching for new_________.
76. A. principle B. habit C. way D. power
77. A. parties B. races C. countries D. ages
78. A. working B. living C. playing D. going
79. A. confidence B. interest C. anxiety D. sorrow
80. A. same B. extra C. funny D. expensive
81. A. well-organized B. colorfully-printed C. newly-collected D. half-filled
82. A. broad B. passing C. different D. main
83 A. silently B. impatiently C. gladly D. worriedly
84. A. promise B. burden C. right D. game
85. A. courage B. calmness C. confusion D. excitement
86. A. graduation B. independence C. responsibility D. success
87. A. children B. students C. adults D. retirees
88. A. carefully B. eagerly C. nervously D. bravely
89. A. required B. obtained C. noticed D. discovered
90. A. need B. learn C. start D. plan
91. A. great B. strange C. difficult D. correct
92. A. time B. money C. skills D. knowledge
93. A. only B. well C. even D. soon
94. A. lost B. choose C. left D. quit
95. A. pets B. toys C. friends D. colleagues
6.完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，
并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

,
How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is___96___to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live — if he or she is___97___healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce___98___. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and___99___die.
Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a___100___life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span(寿命)was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!
When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the___101___line between middle age and old age. After all many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental___102___until after age 75.
People are living longer because more people___103___childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood___104___. Now that the chances of
dying___105___are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.
On the whole, our population is getting older. The___106___in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some
see___107___, not disaster. Today, many men and women in their "golden years" are healthy, still active, and young in___108___if not in age.
As our society grows old, we need the___109___of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to___110___active and be devoted.
96. A. designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered
97. A. completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely
98. A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately
99. A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately
100. A. busier B. longer C. richer D. happier
101. A. finishing B. guiding C. waiting D. dividing
102. A. stress B. damage C. decline D. failure
103. A. survive B. enjoy C. remember D. value
104. A. problems B. fears C. worries D. diseases
105. A. poor B. young C. sick D. quiet
106. A. changes B. recovery C. safety D. increases
107. A. dreams B. chances C. strengths D. choices
108. A. mind B. appearance C. voice D. movement
109. A. protection B. suggestions C. contributions D. permission
110. A. sound B. appear C. turn D. stay
7. B
Imagine the first days in a new time zone. Slow to respond to the___111___, your body clock is confused. You’re sleepy all day, but when it’s time for bed, you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously you are___112___jet lag（时差反应）.
Travelers have traditionally fought this___113___with sleeping pills or alcohol. There are actually healthier ways that can work just as 31.
For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start___114___your biological block to the destination’s time. If it’s daytime in your destination, try to stay___115___. Walking around the cabin（客舱）can be of help. When it’s nighttime, try to sleep. In that case, eat before the flight,___116___an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping. These tips will help you start a new___117___of sleep and wakefulness.
111. A. flight B. change C. demand D. climate
112. A. suffering from B. working on C. looking into D. leading to
113. A. danger B. problem C. waste D. fear
114. A. briefly B. slowly C. suddenly D. effectively
115. A. checking B. sending C. adjusting D. stopping
116. A. awake B. alone C. hungry D. calm
117. A. though B. so C. whole D. or
118. A. understanding B. cycle C. research D. trend
8.Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists.___119___, you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.
In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more___120___in people’s lives.
The___121___is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.
Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be___122___They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but
that___123___attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.
First Impression
To help determine the___124___of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked
to___125___what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.
As it turned out, their___126___judgments often held true. Students seemed to___127___at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.
The___128___Knows
Scientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling___129___to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as___130___as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.
Face Value
Being fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for___131___The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we___132___attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.
When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded
to___133___words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.
119. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise
120. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. artificial
121. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle
122. A. tested B. impressed C. changed D. created
123. A. appearances B. virtues C. similarities D. passions
124. A. illustrations B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions
125. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall
126. A. critical B. initial C. random D. mature
127. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question
128. A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand
129. A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior
130. A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted
131. A. emotion B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals
132. A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. assess
133. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. irritating
9. B
Cultural differences occur wherever you go. When visiting another country, you should be aware of those differences and _______ them. Here are some _______ on how to fit in.
Every traveler to a foreign country feels _______ at some point. What you do can make locals laugh. Your best defense is a sense of _______. If you can laugh off eating with the wrong hand in India, locals will warm to you as “that crazy foreigner.”
Wearing proper cloths is important too, _______ locals will judge by what you wear. In some Middle Eastern
countries, exposing your flesh is _______, especially if you are a woman. So leave your torn jeans at home.
Also be cautious about expressing _______. Getting angry in Southeast Asia just makes you look silly. In some countries it is _______ to kiss in public.
134. A. reject B. recite C. respect D. remove
135. A. plans B. tips C. arguments D. choices
136. A. unsafe B. excited C. satisfied D. awkward
137. A. relief B. belonging C. humor D. direction
138. A. but B. for C. so D. or
139. A. forbidden B. allowed C. expected D. tolerated
140. A. emotions B. concern C. interest D. views
141. A. natural B. advisable C. unwise D. unnecessary
10.完形填空
Parents feel that it is difficult to live with teenagers. Then again, teenagers have___142___feelings about their parents, saying that it is not easy living with them. According to a recent research, the most common
___143___between parents and teenagers is that regarding untidiness and daily routine tasks. On the one hand, parents go mad over ___144___rooms, clothes thrown on the floor and their children’s refusal to help with the
___145___. On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for
___146___the towel in the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.
The research, conducted by St. George University, shows that different parents have different ___147___to these problems. However, some approaches are more ___148___than others. For example, those parents who yell at their children for their untidiness, but ___149___clean the room for them, have fewer chances of changing their children’s ___150___. On the contrary, those who let teenagers experience the ___151___of their actions can do better. For example, when teenagers who don’t help their parents with the shopping don’t find their favorite drink in the refrigerator, they are forced to ___152___their actions.
Psychologists say that ___153___is the most important thing in parent-child relationships. Parents should
___154___to their children but at the same time they should lend an ear to what they have to say. Parents may
___155___their children when they are untidy but they should also understand that their room is their own private space. Communication is a two-way process. It is only by listening to and ___156___each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.
142. A. natural B. strong C. guilty D. similar
143. A. interest B. argument C. link D. knowledge 144. A. noisy B. crowded C. messy D. locked 145. A. homework B. housework C. problem D. research 146. A. washing B. using C. dropping D. replacing 147. A. approaches B. contributions C. introductions D. attitudes 148. A. complex B. popular C. scientific D. successful 149. A. later B. deliberately C. seldom D. thoroughly 150. A. behavior B. taste C. future D. nature 151. A. failures B. changes C. consequences D. thrills 152. A. defend B. delay C. repeat D. reconsider 153. A. communication B. bond C. friendship D. trust 154. A. reply B. attend C. attach D. talk 155. A. hate B. scold C. frighten D. stop 156. A. loving B. observing C. understanding D. praising。