高考英语细节理解+泛读一轮练习(2)及答案

四川射洪县2018高考英语细节理解+泛读一轮练习（2）及答案
【阅读理解----细节理解】(2017·全国Ⅲ，A)
San Francisco Fire Engine Tours
__San_Francisco_Winery_Tour__
Running：February 1st through April 30th
This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer. (Included in ticket price)
Departing from the Cannery：Tour times upon request
Duration (时长): 2 hours
Price: $ 90
__Back_to_the_Fifties_Tour__
Running: August 16th through August 31 st
This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco's most fantastic periods, the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.
Departing from the Cannery：5：00 pm and 7：30 pm
Duration ：2 hours
Price: $ 90
__Spooky_Halloween_Tour__
Running: October 10th through October 31 st
Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district. Authentic fire gear(服装) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.
Departing from the Cannery: 6: 30 pm and 8: 30 pm
Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes
Price: Available upon request
__Holiday_Lights_Tour__
Running：December 6th through December 23rd
This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco's most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.
Departing from the Cannery：7：00 pm and 9：00 pm
Duration: 1 hour and 30 minutes
Advance reservations required.
文章大意：本文是一篇应用文，介绍了旧金山的四种消防车之旅。

00❾Which of the tours is available in March？____A____
A．San Francisco Winery Tour.
B．Back to the Fifties Tour.
C．Spooky Halloween Tour.
D．Holiday Lights Tour.
解析：考查细节理解。

题干问的是三月份可参加的旅行，而第一个项目San Francisco Winery Tour的时间是从2月1日到4月30日。

故选A。

○10What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tour？____C____
A．Go to Treasure Island.
B．Enjoy the holiday scenes.
C．Have free ice cream.
D．Visit the Presidio district.
解析：考查细节理解。

第二个项目Back to the Fifties Tour中提到在San Francisco你能免费品尝冰淇淋。

而其他选项在这个旅行中没有被提到。

故选C。

○11What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour？____D____
A．Take some drinks. B．Set off early in the morning.
C．Wear warm clothes. D．Make reservations in advance.
解析：考查细节理解。

第四个项目Holiday lights
Tour的最后一句话提到“Advance reservations
re quired”，由此可知，该旅行需要提前预订。

故选D。

【泛练题选编】
Passage A
（2016高考训练）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。

Masses of floating ice are so large that they dwarf__your__ship，making you question whether your ship still can be spotted among such floating mountains.They are so improbable looking that you simply look in wonder.It seems that nothing that large could be natural—and then it strikes you that something so large
could only be natural.
Now，people realize that as climate change is raising global temperatures，more icebergs are being born.Antarctica creates far more of them than Greenland，the source of bergs in Arctic waters.Antarctica's are also much larger，sometimes reaching the size of small countries.Recent data show the average atmospheric temperature has increased about 4.5 in the western Antarctic Peninsula since the
1940s，making the region，among the fastest warming on earth.This jump has been shown in the recent breaking of major ice shelves along the Antarctic Peninsula.As a result，thousands of new icebergs have broken off，from ice shelves into the Southern Ocean at an accelerated rate.
Even as more icebergs are being created，scientists are learning that they are far from inactive masses of ice.In fact，they strikingly alter their environments biologically，chemically，and physically，making them islands of life in the open sea.Observers at sea have long remarked that they attract seals，and seabirds，and divers have noticed that fish are more numerous near them than in the surrounding sea.Now scientists are learning just what the attraction is all about.
Depending on their size，location，and the season，icebergs can be nurturers (培养者) or destroyers.During their existence—typically years from breaking off from an Antarctic or Greenlandic glacier to their gradual melting as they float into lower altitudes，they support animals on，around，even inside their splendid ice castle.They fertilize the ocean with nutrients，increasing sea creature production.Grounded bergs can shelter areas of the seafloor，protecting bottom－living creatures from free－floating icebergs.However，large bergs can also trap sea ice，preventing its annual breakup and thus stopping phytoplankton (浮游植物) from getting life—giving sunlight，breaking the food chain at its first link.
Icebergs will continue to astonish and attract visitors to the polar regions.But now these frozen large masses are taking on a new dimension of wonder as we uncover their vital role in the environment of polar seas.No longer can we look at icebergs as mere passive white mountains floating in the sea.They are active agents of change，each one is an icy oasis with awake of life as it floats on its unstoppable oceanic journey to melting.
【语篇解读】
本文为说明文，介绍了随着全球气温不断上升，冰山数量不断增多。

冰山的增多从生物、化学、物理等多个方面改变着环境，对海洋既有利也有弊。

1．Why does the author mention “dwarf__your__ship” in the first paragraph?
A．To explain how natural icebergs are.
B．To show how powerful icebergs are.
C.To describe icebergs as floating ships.
D．To tell the unbelievable size of icebergs.
答案 D [推理判断题。

根据第一段第一句Masses of floating ice are so large that they dwarf your ship，making you question...such floating mountains.可知作者是想表达冰山难以置信得大。

] 2．What can we learn from the passage?
A．The temperature in Arctic is rising faster than that in Antarctica.
B．The ocean food chain breaks due to the melting of icebergs.
C．Floating icebergs help shelter bottom－living ocean creatures.
D．Global warming has kept bringing icebergs into being.
答案 D [细节理解题。

根据第二段第一句可知D项正确。

根据第二段第四句．..the average atmospheric temperature...among the fastest warming on
earth.可知A项错误；根据第四段第四句Grounded bergs can...from free floating
icebergs可知C项错误；根据第四段第五句However，large bergs...at its first link.可知B项不正确。

] 3．From the passage we can conclude that icebergs can ________．
A．preserve ocean creatures
B．carry ocean nutrients away
C．create a warm polar environment
D．keep sea animals away from polar seas
答案 A [细节理解题。

根据第四段第三句They fertilize the ocean with nutrients，increasing sea creature production.可知A项正确。

]
4．What is the author's attitude toward icebergs?
A．Cautious. B．Objective.
C．Doubtful. D．Disapproving.
答案 B
[推理判断题。

通读全文可知作者只是在客观描述事实，并未表达任何个人观点，因此B项正确。

c autious意为“谨慎的”；doubtful意为“怀疑的”；disapproving意为“不赞成的”。

]
Passage B
（科普类说明文）【2015·四川】D
Their cheery song brightens many a winter's day. But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing all night一as well as during the day, British-based researchers say.
David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.
Dr Dominoni, who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could put the birds’ health at risk. His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day. And the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night.
He told people at a conference, "There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy."
And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. Dr Dominoni said, "In Glasgow where I live, gulls are a serious problem. I have people coming to me saying `You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill these gulls?'.During the breeding(繁殖)season, between April and June, they are very active at night and very noisy and people can't sleep." Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution, other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise.
However, some birds thrive(兴旺)in noisy environments. A study from California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery. It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas.
42.According to Dr Dominoni's study, what cause robins to sing so much?
A. The breeding season.
B. The light in modern life
C. The dangerous environment.
D. The noise from heavy machinery.
43.What is the researchers' concern over the increase of birds' song output?
A. The environment might be polluted.
B. The birds' health might be damaged.
C. The industry cost might be increased.
D. The people's hearing might be affected.
44.What does the underlined word "nocturnal" in Paragraph 5 mean?
A. Active at night.
B. Inactive at night.
C. Active during the day.
D. Inactive during the day.
45.Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments?
A. Because there are fewer dangers.
B. Because there is more food to eat.
C. Because there is less light pollution
D. Because there are more places to take shelter.
【解析】
44.A 词义辨析题。

根据上文的And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being可知乌鸦和海鸥情况也一样，也就是说这两种鸟晚上也唱歌，故选择A，指晚上很兴奋。

45.A 细节理解题。

根据文章最后一段的It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌)fleeing to quieter areas.可知，它们的天敌都去了安静的地方，故选择A，指在这些工业区，天敌更少，也就是危险更少。

【考点定位】考查说明文阅读
【名师点睛】本篇文章考查了科普说明文的阅读。

科普说明文是高考阅读理解中的重点与难点。

在阅读此类文章时，考生会觉得篇幅长、生词多、逻辑性强、长句多、话题陌生且枯燥，表达方式专业化。

因此，要求考生要掌握相对的解题技巧与能力。

在读此类文章时，要弄清文章的主题，本文主题为人造光影响了鸟类的生物钟，使得它们晚上还在歌唱，影响了鸟类的健康。

在设题时，此类文章常考词义辨析题，如，要求考生要从上文的具体现象中概括出生词词义。

Passage C
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项。

Napoleon Bonaparte died on May 5, 1821, on the island of St. Helena off the coast of Africa. He was 51 years old at the time. When doctors examined Napoleon's body, they said that the former emperor of France had died from cancer of the stomach. That was the cause of death recorded in the official report. However, other doctors disagreed. One doctor who was present during the examination of the body said that Napoleon died of hepatitis（肝炎）. Other historians and medical experts have suggested that Napoleon died of syphilis（梅毒）, tuberculosis（肺结核）, or perhaps malaria. Now, after careful research, a British chemist thinks that Napoleon might have been poisoned -- not by a person, but by his wallpaper.
Napoleon was sent to the island of St. Helena in 1815 after he lost the battle of Waterloo. He was a prisoner on the island. Although he had servants to attend to him, he had to live in one small building. St. Helena is a very wet island, so the walls of the building were always covered with mold. Napoleon became ill from spending too much time inside his house. Almost constantly he had a fever, chills, and felt sick to his stomach. He often felt pain in his shoulders and in his side. His skin turned yellow. He got frequent headaches, and he would become dizzy and vomit. None of the medicine that the doctors gave Napoleon seemed to help. They were not sure what was the matter. Finally, Napoleon was too weak to leave the house. One night, while he was sleeping, he went into a coma （昏迷）and died.
Many doctors who later reviewed the reports of Napoleon's illness found that the symptoms did not show a man who suffered from stomach cancer. It seemed obvious that Napoleon had died from some other cause. In 1961, a Swedish doctor examined some of Napoleon’s hair and found a high level of arsenic（砒霜）, a chemical poison. Was Napoleon murdered? It is doubtful. Arsenic was used in many types of medicine during Napoleon’s time, so he might have taken the arsenic as a cure for his illness. Then, in 1982, Dr. David Jones from England began to look into the mystery and suggested that Napoleon might have breathed in arsenic which was in the air of his house. In the 1700s and 1800s, arsenic was used to make a kind of green paint used on cloth and wallpaper. If the paint was used on a wet wall, the arsenic would go into the air. A person in the room might breathe that air. After studying the wallpaper in the room where Napoleon died, Dr. Jones found high levels of arsenic in the green paint on the walls.
6. The passage says that .
A. a British doctor thinks he has found the cause of Napoleon's death
B. many doctors have tried to guess the cause of Napoleon's death
C. Napoleon could have died from poison
D. all of the above
7. Why did Napoleon live on St. Helena?
A. He owned the island.
B. He was a prisoner there.
C. His family lived there.
D. He liked the island.
8. Napoleon suffered from the following symptoms except __________.
A. chills
B. fever
C. dizziness
D. bleeding
9. The official report said that Napoleon died of____________.
A. cancer
B. a coma
C. mold
D. poison
10. According to Dr. Jones, how did the arsenic probably get into Napoleon's body?
A. He ate it.
B. He breathed it in.
C. He touched it.
D. He drank it.
【参考答案】6—10、DBDAB。