《英语应用文写作》一、写作基础知识.ppt
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college.
Correct: Friendly people, that’s another thing I like
about college.
Wrong: Some people have a natural ability to learn
languages quickly. Because they know how to listen.
英语句子（Sentences） 英语段落（Paragraphs） 英语篇章（Essay）
第一节 英语句子 (Sentences)
1.1.1.英语基本句型 1.1.2.英语句子种类 1.1.3.有效句子
1.1.1.英语基本句型 （Basic Elements of a Sentence）
英语句子的主要构成成份有：
本书特点如下：
1. 指导性 本书对各类英语应用文的写法按类型、格式、 语言特点、常用句型等加以全面介绍。
2．针对性 本书针对“高等学校英语应用能力考试”的写 作要求结合历年实考真题进行归纳、剖析,使 学习者通过学习不仅能获取有针对性的指导还 能接触到最新、最全的考试信息，以便有针对 性地迎考备考。
前
言
我国大学英语教学改革正朝着实用方向发展。 《大学英语课程教学要求》中对写作的实用性提出 了具体要求。特别是《高职高专教育英语课程基本 要求》中对学生的写作能力培养做出了明确规定。 即：“能填写和模拟套写简短的英语应用文，如填 写表格与单证，套写简历、通知、信函等。”为了 给广大的英语学习者以及努力想通过“高等学校英 语应用能力考试”的学生提供一本内容实用、语言 规范、查找方便、配有练习、涵盖面广的教材，我 们编写了这本《英语应用文写作》。
1. 完整的句子 (Completeness) 2. 清晰的句子 (Clarity) 3. 简洁的句子 (Conciseness) 4. 平行结构的句子（Parallelism) 5. 灵活多变的句子 (Completeness)
一个完整的句子既包括结构上的完整，也 包括意义上的完整。
Example What a lever boy he is! How careless she is!
简单句（Simple Sentence): a simple sentence is one that consists of a single independent clause.
Example We would appreciate a prompt reply.
Correct: My name is Helen.
Wrong: They eat rice, and we eat, too.
Correct: They eat rice, and we eat rice, too.
Wrong: Friendly people, another thing I like about
此外还有比较常用的There be 句型， 表示“存在，有”
1. SV: The sun is shining. 2. SVO: You should also consider this.
Samples
3. SVC: The apple tastes good.
4. SVA: I was at college.
(1) 结构上的完整
Sentence Completeness
汉语句子可以不用动词，主语也可以省略，而 英语句子一般需要有主语和谓语动词才算完整。再 者，与汉语不同，英语句子中及物动词的宾语不能 省略。我们还可以用that、who或because之类的词 把小句子连在一起，组成大句子。例如：
Example Wrong: My name Helen.
对此问题，请及时加以注意。
Example
How old are you? (Special Question) Is the delegation leaving today or tomorrow?
(Alternative Question)
You didn’t go to Shanghai, did you? (Tag Question)
祈使句(Imperative Sentence): an imperative sentence expresses a command or a request.
Example Please think over the local tax rate. Don’t open the door.
感叹句( Exclamatory Sentence): an exclamatory sentence shows a strong feeling or emotion.
He is not the rival in negotiation. 他不是谈判对手。
疑问句 (Interrogative Sentence): a interrogative sentence asks a
question.
Example
Will you please pay your prompt attention to this matter? (General Question)
复合句（Complex Sentence): a complex sentence is one that contains one independent clause and one or more subordinate or dependent clauses.
Example I was reading a book when he came.
并列复合句（Compound-complex Sentence): a compoundcomplex sentence is one that contains at least two main clauses and at least one dependent clause. In other words, it is a combination of a compound and a complex sentence
6. You may put your umbrella under the table. ( SVOA )
7. She was smiling.
( SV )
8. We have made her the head of our group. ( SVOC )
1.1.2.英语句子种类 （Types of Sentences）
( SVC )
2. I must send my parents a Christmas card. ( SVOO )
3. That class interested me.
( SVO )
4. My school is on the next street.
( SVA )
5. Many students find that book very helpful. ( SVOC )
8. There be：There are friendly people around to talk with.
同步练习
Now read the following sentences and tell which clause type they belong to.
1. Your dinner seems ready.
并列句（Compound Sentence): a compound sentence is one that contains two or more independent clauses.
Example I have finished the work, but there is still much to do.
S = Subject
主语
V = Verb
动词
O = Object
宾语
C = Complement 补语
A = Adverbial 状语
英语的七种基本句型：
• SV: 主谓 • SVO: 主谓宾 • SVC: 主谓补 • SVA: 主谓状 • SVOO: 主谓（间接）宾（直接）宾 • SVOC: 主谓宾补 • SVOA: 主谓宾状
Example She wears a red dress when she is in good mood, but she wears a blue one when she is in bad mood.
1.1.3.有效句子(Effective Sentences)
什么是有效句子？有效句子就是好句子。好句子 除了语法结构正确外，必须思想完整，表达准确， 生动形象，才能有效地表达作者的思想。那么如何 写出好句子即有效句子呢？应遵循以下几点：
3．实用性 本书在编写中针对高职学生的实际英语写作水 平，本着帮助他们在打好英语写作的基础上， 侧重培养其写作应用文能力。书中提供了大量 的范文及实用写作方面的用语，设计了大量的 练习，以方便学生模仿。
《英语应用文写作》旨在培养学生借助英文
进行实际写作的能力。本教材主要包括基础写 作知识、“英语应用能力考试”所涉及到的英 语应用文写作，如英文信函的常规写作格式， 公务信函、商务信函、私人信函、电子邮件以 及
1.句子按其用途可分为陈述句、疑问句、 祈使句、感叹句
2.句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句、复合句、 并列复合句
陈述句（Declarative Sentence): a declarative
sentence makes a positive or negative statement
Example Our warehouses have limited facilities. 我们的仓库设施很有限。
3. Ways of naming new babies different around the world.
Make necessary corrections to make them complete.
1. I dislike dogs because very smelly (气味难闻). -I dislike dogs because they are very smelly.
2. The dogs always noisy and try to jump on me when I go to visit. -The dogs are always noisy and try to jump on me when I go to visit them.
本书在编写过程中参阅了大量的国内外出 版的写作教程。在此，谨向有关作者致以诚挚 的谢意。由于时间仓促，水平有限，书中疏漏 之处在所难免，祈望各位同仁不吝赐教。
《实用英语应用文写作》编写组
2009年12月
写作基础知识 常用书信写作 广告文档写作
商务信函写作 公文写作的基本知识
第一章 写作基础知识 (Basic Writing Skills)
Correct: Some people have a natural ability to learn
languages quickly because they know how to listen.
同步练习
None of the following sentences are complete.
5. SVOO: Living at college gives me a sense of responsibility.
6. SVOC: That makes me responsible for my own life.
7. SVOA: You can put the dish on the table.
其他类型应用体裁文章的写作方法及大学英
语四级考试作文所涉及到的应用文题材的写 作知识。本课程在讲解这些文体时以多媒体 课件的方式展示大量的范文、格式说明、语 言特点、常用句型、历年“英语应用能力考 试” 真题、同步练习等，使学生通过实例、
讲解以及写作练习了解并熟练掌握各种常用 应用文的格式，以求提高学生的实际写作能 力，提高英语考试的“过级率”。
Correct: Friendly people, that’s another thing I like
about college.
Wrong: Some people have a natural ability to learn
languages quickly. Because they know how to listen.
英语句子（Sentences） 英语段落（Paragraphs） 英语篇章（Essay）
第一节 英语句子 (Sentences)
1.1.1.英语基本句型 1.1.2.英语句子种类 1.1.3.有效句子
1.1.1.英语基本句型 （Basic Elements of a Sentence）
英语句子的主要构成成份有：
本书特点如下：
1. 指导性 本书对各类英语应用文的写法按类型、格式、 语言特点、常用句型等加以全面介绍。
2．针对性 本书针对“高等学校英语应用能力考试”的写 作要求结合历年实考真题进行归纳、剖析,使 学习者通过学习不仅能获取有针对性的指导还 能接触到最新、最全的考试信息，以便有针对 性地迎考备考。
前
言
我国大学英语教学改革正朝着实用方向发展。 《大学英语课程教学要求》中对写作的实用性提出 了具体要求。特别是《高职高专教育英语课程基本 要求》中对学生的写作能力培养做出了明确规定。 即：“能填写和模拟套写简短的英语应用文，如填 写表格与单证，套写简历、通知、信函等。”为了 给广大的英语学习者以及努力想通过“高等学校英 语应用能力考试”的学生提供一本内容实用、语言 规范、查找方便、配有练习、涵盖面广的教材，我 们编写了这本《英语应用文写作》。
1. 完整的句子 (Completeness) 2. 清晰的句子 (Clarity) 3. 简洁的句子 (Conciseness) 4. 平行结构的句子（Parallelism) 5. 灵活多变的句子 (Completeness)
一个完整的句子既包括结构上的完整，也 包括意义上的完整。
Example What a lever boy he is! How careless she is!
简单句（Simple Sentence): a simple sentence is one that consists of a single independent clause.
Example We would appreciate a prompt reply.
Correct: My name is Helen.
Wrong: They eat rice, and we eat, too.
Correct: They eat rice, and we eat rice, too.
Wrong: Friendly people, another thing I like about
此外还有比较常用的There be 句型， 表示“存在，有”
1. SV: The sun is shining. 2. SVO: You should also consider this.
Samples
3. SVC: The apple tastes good.
4. SVA: I was at college.
(1) 结构上的完整
Sentence Completeness
汉语句子可以不用动词，主语也可以省略，而 英语句子一般需要有主语和谓语动词才算完整。再 者，与汉语不同，英语句子中及物动词的宾语不能 省略。我们还可以用that、who或because之类的词 把小句子连在一起，组成大句子。例如：
Example Wrong: My name Helen.
对此问题，请及时加以注意。
Example
How old are you? (Special Question) Is the delegation leaving today or tomorrow?
(Alternative Question)
You didn’t go to Shanghai, did you? (Tag Question)
祈使句(Imperative Sentence): an imperative sentence expresses a command or a request.
Example Please think over the local tax rate. Don’t open the door.
感叹句( Exclamatory Sentence): an exclamatory sentence shows a strong feeling or emotion.
He is not the rival in negotiation. 他不是谈判对手。
疑问句 (Interrogative Sentence): a interrogative sentence asks a
question.
Example
Will you please pay your prompt attention to this matter? (General Question)
复合句（Complex Sentence): a complex sentence is one that contains one independent clause and one or more subordinate or dependent clauses.
Example I was reading a book when he came.
并列复合句（Compound-complex Sentence): a compoundcomplex sentence is one that contains at least two main clauses and at least one dependent clause. In other words, it is a combination of a compound and a complex sentence
6. You may put your umbrella under the table. ( SVOA )
7. She was smiling.
( SV )
8. We have made her the head of our group. ( SVOC )
1.1.2.英语句子种类 （Types of Sentences）
( SVC )
2. I must send my parents a Christmas card. ( SVOO )
3. That class interested me.
( SVO )
4. My school is on the next street.
( SVA )
5. Many students find that book very helpful. ( SVOC )
8. There be：There are friendly people around to talk with.
同步练习
Now read the following sentences and tell which clause type they belong to.
1. Your dinner seems ready.
并列句（Compound Sentence): a compound sentence is one that contains two or more independent clauses.
Example I have finished the work, but there is still much to do.
S = Subject
主语
V = Verb
动词
O = Object
宾语
C = Complement 补语
A = Adverbial 状语
英语的七种基本句型：
• SV: 主谓 • SVO: 主谓宾 • SVC: 主谓补 • SVA: 主谓状 • SVOO: 主谓（间接）宾（直接）宾 • SVOC: 主谓宾补 • SVOA: 主谓宾状
Example She wears a red dress when she is in good mood, but she wears a blue one when she is in bad mood.
1.1.3.有效句子(Effective Sentences)
什么是有效句子？有效句子就是好句子。好句子 除了语法结构正确外，必须思想完整，表达准确， 生动形象，才能有效地表达作者的思想。那么如何 写出好句子即有效句子呢？应遵循以下几点：
3．实用性 本书在编写中针对高职学生的实际英语写作水 平，本着帮助他们在打好英语写作的基础上， 侧重培养其写作应用文能力。书中提供了大量 的范文及实用写作方面的用语，设计了大量的 练习，以方便学生模仿。
《英语应用文写作》旨在培养学生借助英文
进行实际写作的能力。本教材主要包括基础写 作知识、“英语应用能力考试”所涉及到的英 语应用文写作，如英文信函的常规写作格式， 公务信函、商务信函、私人信函、电子邮件以 及
1.句子按其用途可分为陈述句、疑问句、 祈使句、感叹句
2.句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句、复合句、 并列复合句
陈述句（Declarative Sentence): a declarative
sentence makes a positive or negative statement
Example Our warehouses have limited facilities. 我们的仓库设施很有限。
3. Ways of naming new babies different around the world.
Make necessary corrections to make them complete.
1. I dislike dogs because very smelly (气味难闻). -I dislike dogs because they are very smelly.
2. The dogs always noisy and try to jump on me when I go to visit. -The dogs are always noisy and try to jump on me when I go to visit them.
本书在编写过程中参阅了大量的国内外出 版的写作教程。在此，谨向有关作者致以诚挚 的谢意。由于时间仓促，水平有限，书中疏漏 之处在所难免，祈望各位同仁不吝赐教。
《实用英语应用文写作》编写组
2009年12月
写作基础知识 常用书信写作 广告文档写作
商务信函写作 公文写作的基本知识
第一章 写作基础知识 (Basic Writing Skills)
Correct: Some people have a natural ability to learn
languages quickly because they know how to listen.
同步练习
None of the following sentences are complete.
5. SVOO: Living at college gives me a sense of responsibility.
6. SVOC: That makes me responsible for my own life.
7. SVOA: You can put the dish on the table.
其他类型应用体裁文章的写作方法及大学英
语四级考试作文所涉及到的应用文题材的写 作知识。本课程在讲解这些文体时以多媒体 课件的方式展示大量的范文、格式说明、语 言特点、常用句型、历年“英语应用能力考 试” 真题、同步练习等，使学生通过实例、
讲解以及写作练习了解并熟练掌握各种常用 应用文的格式，以求提高学生的实际写作能 力，提高英语考试的“过级率”。