名词性从句

S+V Everybody laughed.
S+V+A We laughed happily.
S+V+O I want a ticket.
S+V+O+O He lent me his car.
S+V+C The man is a teacher.
S+V+O+A We speak English fluently.
S+V+O+C We selected him monitor.
名词性从句——主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句
名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其功能同名词一样。

一．主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

1. It 作形式主语
It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。

例如：
It is a pity that you did not go to see the film.
It doesn’t interest me whether you su cceed or not.
2. 用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is ＋名词＋从句
It is a fact that … 事实是…
It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that …是常识
(2) it is ＋形容词＋从句
It is natural / important that… 很自然…
It is strange / surprising / a pity that…should do 奇怪的是…
(3) it is ＋不及物动词＋从句
It seems that… 似乎…
It happened that… 碰巧…
It occur to sb. that
It matters that
It is likely that
(4) it ＋过去分词＋从句
It is reported / said / that… 据报道…
It has been proved/ turned out that… 已证实…
3. 由连词that 或者whether引导的主语从句：
这种情况下that 和whether只是引导作用不担当成分，不能省略，并且可以转变成it形式主语。

不能用if引导
That the earth is round is true。

―――it is true that the earth is round。

Whether he will come or not hasn’t been decided.
4. 由连接代词或者连接副词引导的主语从句：
连接代词who, what, which和连接副词when，where，how，why都可以引导主语从句，可以分别担任主语，宾语和状语，不能省略，可以
改为it引导的主语从句。

Who let out the news remained unknown
----it remained unknown who let out the news.
Why he didn’t come here is not clear to anyone.
----it is not clear to anyone why he didn’t come.
5. 以关系代词what, whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever等引导的主语从句：
whoever leaves the office should tell me。

（这里whoever做主语）
改成定语从句：Anyone who leaves the office should tell me。

Whenever the Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. 6. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that 则不然。

例如：
1) What you said yesterday is right.
2) That she is still alive is a consolation.
He suggested that we shouldn’t judge a person by his appearance.= It is suggested that we shouldn’t judge a person by his appearance .
二．宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。

1. 作动词的宾语
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略, 但是第二个宾语从句的that不可省略）,例如：
I heard that he joined the army.
He said (that) he would come and that he would help me with my English.
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：
She didn’t kno w what had happened to her mother.
I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
I want to see who is in charge of you.
(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。

例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation to the party. = I was told that she would accept my invitation to the party.
2. 作介词的宾语:
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.
We’ll build another supermarket on what is used to be a ruin.
He has arrived at where he was born.
Please put the book back to where it was taken. = Please put the book back to what it was taken from.
I am worried abut how I can get in touch with him.
We thought of how we could complete the work ahead of time.
3. 作形容词的宾语
That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：
anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。

例如：
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
I am very proud that Xiao Wang has won the first prize.
We are very sorry that he can’t come here.
4. It 可以作为形式宾语
It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that (也可能是to do) 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。

例如：
He found / believed/ thought /considered / made / felt/ supposed it pretty hard to learn both English and French well at the same time.
We all think it our duty that we should help the aged.
We considered it possible that she would go abroad for her college education.
He took it for granted that his mother would help him with his homework.
5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词, 这类动词有
allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。

这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。

例如：
I admire their winning the match. (right)
I admire that they won the match. (wrong)
6.否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。

例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。

I don’t suppose he can come here on time.
7. 注意事项：
1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。

引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。

e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.
2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what 或whether。

e.g. I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work..
I’m interested in what you’ve said.
3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。

但下面情况不能互换。

①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。

e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain.
②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。

e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether 改成if，容易当成条件句理解）
③宾语从句中的whether 与or not连用，就不能换成if
e.g. I don’t know whether or not the report is true.
I don’t know whethe r the report is true or not.
④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。

whether 可与不定式连用。

whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。

但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。

e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time.
They don’t know whether to go there.
My question is whether we should go.
Whether to go is my question.
Please come to see me if you have time.
三表语从句
1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。

e.g. The question was who could go there.
2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。

e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work
四同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。

一般引导词多用that
e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
名词从句使用还需要注意：
1．在由what等代词引导的名词性从句中，what既充当关联词，又在句中作以一定的成分。

如He wonders what will happen. 2．介词后面一般不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，但下列几个介词除外：except that, besides that, but that（要不是），in that
如Lhasa is unique in that it is the highest city in China.
3.动词doubt一般来说，用于肯定句时，其后的宾语从句用whether 或if来引导，但doubt用于否定句或疑问句，其后的宾语从句只能用that. 如He never doubts that I can do such a foolish thing.
4.reason 做表语，其表语从句只能用that来引导，而不用连词because.如
The reason she doesn't go there was that she got a job.
练习：名词性从句
一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：
1. China is no longer what it used to be.
2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.
3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.
4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.
5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.
8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.
9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?
10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.
二、用适当的连词填空：
1. I can’t decide ____________ dictionary I shoul d buy.
2. That’s ____________ he refused my invitation.
3. I am very interested in ____________ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.
4. ____________ we need is more time.
5. The fact ____________ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.
6. ____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet.
7. Please tell me ____________ you are waiting for.
8. Is that ____________ you are looking for?
9. Would you please tell me ____________ the nearest post office is?
10. I don’t know ____________ he will agree to the plan or not.
三、选择填空：
1. Do you see _____ I mean?
A. that
B./
C. how
D. what
2. Tell me_____ is on your mind.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. why
3. We must stick to _____ we have agreed on.
A. what
B. that
C. /
D. how
4. Let me see _____.
A. that can I repair the radio
B. whether -I can repair the radio
C. I can repair the radio
D. whether can I repair the radio
5. Keep in mind _____.
A. that the teacher said
B. what did the teacher say
C. that did the teacher say
D. what the teacher said
6. Could you advise me _____?
A. which book should I read first
B. what book should I read first
C. that book 1 should read first
D. which book I should read first
7. He was criticized for _____.
A. he had done it
B. what he had done
C. what had he done
D. that he had done it
8. Would you kindly tell me _____?
A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
B. how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station
C. where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
D. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
9. Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by _____.
A. what had she seen in China
B. that she had seen in China
C. what she had seen in China
D. which had she seen in China
10. We took it for granted ___
A. that they were not coming
B. that were they not coming
C. they were coming not
D. were they not coining
11. I really don't know _____
A. I should do next
B. what should I do next
C. what I should do next
D. how I should do next
12. I'm afraid _____.
A. the little girl will have to be operated on
B. that will the little girl have to operate on
C. the little girl will have to operate on
D. that will the little girl have to be operated on
13. She walked up to _____ .
A. where did I stand
B. where I stood
C. I stood there
D. where I stood there
14. Can you tell me _____?
A. who is that gentleman
B. that gentleman is who
C. who that gentleman is
D. whom .is that gentleman
15. We'll give you _____.
A. that do you need
B. what do you need
C. whatever you need
D. whether do you need
16. They want us to know _____ to help us.
A. what can they
B. what they can
C. how they can
D. how can they
17. We must put _____ into practice.
A. what we have learned
B. that we have learned
C. that have we learned
D. what have we learned
18. Did she say anything about _____?
A. that the work was to be done
B. how was the work to be done
C. that was the work to be done
D. how the work was to be done
19. He was never satisfied with _____.
A. what she had achieved
B. had what she achieved
C. she had achieved
D. that she achieved
20. These photographs will show you _____.
A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
21. Peter insisted _____ he pay the bill.
A. on that
B. what
C. that
D. on which
22. They urged _____ the library open during the vacation.
A. when
B. where
C. why
D. that
23. We wish we could have learned _____ when we were at high school.
A. what you did
B. that you had done
C. that what you did
D. what did you do
24.1 will describe to you _____ I saw when there.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D./
25. From _____ I should say he is a good worker.
A. what 1 know of him
B. that I do know of him
C. what do I know of him
D. that do I know of him
26. I will give this dictionary to __ wants to have it.
A. whomever
B. anyone
C. whoever
D. someone
27._____ they will come here hasn' t been decided yet.
A. What
B. That
C. When
D. Where
28. _____ was said here must be kept secret.
A. Who
B. The thing
C. Whatever
D. Where
29. It is still a question _____ we shall have our sports meet.
A. if
B. that
C. what
D. when
30. I'm going anyway. _____ she will go is up to her to decide.
A. If or not
B. Whether or not
C. If
D. That
31. It is strange _____ she have left without saying a word.
A. that
B. what
C. why
D. how
32. It is very clear _____ our policy is a correct one.
A. what
B. that
C. why
D. where
33. _____ Mr Zhang said is quite right.
A. That
B. When
C. What
D. Whether
34. It has been decided _____ he will be sent there.
A. if
B. whether
C. why
D. that
35. It doesn' t matter _____he' s come back or not.
A. if
B. whether
C. that
D. when
36. It's a great pity _____ we won’t be able to finish the task on time.
A. when
B. that
C. why
D. where
37. It happened _____ I wasn't there that day.
A. when
B. why
C. where
D. that
38._____ you have done might do harm to other people.
A. What
B. That
C. Which
D. The things
39. _____ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights.
A. Anyone
B. The person
C. Whoever
D.Who
40._____ the 2000 Olympic Games won't be held in Beijing is known to all.
A. Whether
B. If
C. Whenever
D. That
41. _____ fails to see this will make a big mistake.
A. That
B. Whoever
C. Whether
D. Whether or not
42. __ we need more equipment is quite obvious.
A. What
B. Whether
C. That
D. Whatever
43. Has it been announced _____?
A. when are the planes to take off
B. that are the planes to take off
C. where are the planes to take off
D. when the planes are to take off
44. That is _____ we all support his idea.
A. what
B. why
C. where
D. when
45. That’s _____ we should do.
A. that
B. what
C. how
D. why
46. _____ is troubling me is _____ I don’t understand _____ he said
A. What; that; what
B. What; what; what
C. That; that; what
D. Why; that; which
47. Things were not _____ they seemed to be.
A. when
B. why
C. that
D. what
48. That’s _____ I want to say.
A. all what
B. what
C. all which
D. what that
49. That’s _____ .
A. where our differences lie
B. our differences lie there
C. where do our differences lie
D. that where our differences lie
50. That is _____ .
A. where lived he there
B. where did he live
C. where he lived
D. that where he lived
51. The questions is _____.
A. whether is it worth doing
B. that if it is worth doing
C. whether it is worth doing
D. if it is worth doing
52. Water will continue to be _____ it is today next in importance to oxygen.
A. how
B. which
C. what
D. as
53. That's_____.
A. how did I become a teacher
B. how I became a teacher
C. how a teacher I became
D. that I became a teacher
54. They are just _____.
A. that what shall I have
B. what shall I have
C. that I shall have what
D. what I shall have
55. It looked ____.
A. as if it was going to rain
B. that as if it was going to rain
C. as if was it going to rain
D. as if that it was going to rain
56. That's_____.
A. how she did it
B. that how did she do it.
C. how did she do it
D. what she did it
57. That is _____ we decided to put the discussion off.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. why
58. That’s _____ I lived when I was ten years old.
A. where
B. at which
C. there where
D. when
59. My suggestion is _____ we should send a few comrades to help them.
A. if
B. that
C. when that
D. that where
60. The idea _____ all people are selfish is wrong.
A. what
B. that
C. why
D. if
61. We heard the news _____ our team had won.
A. that
B. what
C. whether
D. why
62. The fact _____ he hadn’t said anything surprised us all.
A. why
B. if
C. that
D. whether
63.I have no idea _____ she will be back.
A. that
B. where
C. that when
D. when
64. We must keep in mind the fact _____ China is still a developing country.
A. whether
B. that
C. why
D. when
65. They have no idea at all _____.
A. where he has gone
B. where did he go
C. where has he gone
D. which place he has gone
一、1、表语从句；2、同位语从句；3、不是；4、主语从句；5、同位语从句；6、不是；7、表语从句；8、宾语从句；9、不是；10、宾语从句
二、1. which; 2. why; 3. how; 4. What; 5. that; 6. when, where; 7. who(m);
8. what; 9. where; 10. whether
三、1~5 DBABD 6~10 DBBCA 11~15 CABCC 16~20 BADAB 21~25 CDAAA
26~30 CCCDB 31~35 ABCDB31~35 ABCDB 36~40 BDACD 41~45 BCDBB 46~50 ADBAC
51~55 CCBDA 56~60 ADABB 61~65 ACDBA。