自考综合英语一课文

自考综合英语一课文
全国高等教育自学考试指定教材综合英语一(上下) 主编徐克荣外语教学与研究出版社
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Lesson One
The Time Message
Elwood N. Chapman
Learning Guide
新的学习任务开始之际，千头万绪，最重要的是安排好时间，做时间的主人。

本文作者提出
了7点具体建议，或许对你有所启迪。

1 Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look ahead, you think you have more time than you need. For example, at the beginning of a semester, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands. But toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You don't have enough time to cover all your duties, so you get worried. What is the answer,
Control～
2 Time is dangerous. If you don't control it, it will control you.
If you don't make it work for you, it will work against you. So you must become the master of time, not its servant. As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one problem.
3 Time is valuable. Wasting time is a bad habit. It is like a drug. The more time you waste, the easier it is to go on wasting time. If you seriously wish to get the most out of college, you must put the time message into practice.
Message 1. Control time from the beginning.
4 Time is today, not tomorrow or next week. Start your plan at the beginning of the term.
Message 2. Get the notebook habit.
5 Go and buy a notebook today. Use it to plan your study time each day. Once a weekly study plan is prepared, follow the same pattern every week with small changes. Sunday is a good day to make the plan for the following week.
Message 3. Be realistic.
6 Often you know from experience how long it takes you to write a short essay, to study for a quiz, or to review for a final exam. When you plan time for these things, be realistic. Allow for unexpected things. Otherwise your entire plan may be upset.
Message 4. Plan at least one hour for each hour in class.
7 How much study time you plan for each classroom hour depends on four things: (1) your ability, (2) the difficulty of the class, (3) the grades you hope to achieve, and (4) how well you use your study time. One thing, however, is certain: you should plan at least one hour of study for each classroom hour. In many cases, two or three hours will be required.
Message 5. Keep your plan flexible.
8 It is important that you re-plan your time on a weekly basis so that you can make certain changes when necessary. For example, before mid-term or final exams, you will want to give more time to reviewing. A good plan must be a little flexible so that special projects can be done well.
Message 6. Study for some time each class day.
9 Some solid work each day is better than many study hours one day and nothing the next. When you work out your schedule, try to include at least two study hours each day. This will not only keep the study habit alive but also keep you up to date on your class assignments.
Message 7. Free on Saturday -- study on Sunday.
10 It is good to stop all study activities for one full day. Many students choose Saturday for sports or social activities. Sunday, on the other hand, seems to be the best study day for many students. It is a good day to catch up on back reading and other assignments.
Lesson Two
Hans Christian Andersen's Own Fairy Tale (I)
Donald and Louise Peattie
Learning Guide
也许你不是出生于名门望族或书香门第，也许你生来并不聪慧，但只要你刻苦努力、坚持不
懈、发挥自己的专长，在适合你的领域一定会成功。

闻名遐尔的丹麦作家安徒生的故事——这只
从鸭圈里飞出来的天鹅本身的经历可能会对你有所启发。

1
1 Once upon a time there was a poor boy who lived in Denmark. His father, a shoemaker, had died, and his mother had married again.
2 One day the boy went to ask a favor of the Prince of Denmark. When the Prince asked him what he wanted, the boy said, “I want to write plays in poetry and to act at the Royal Theater.” The Prince looked at the boy, at his big hands and feet, at his big nose and large serious eyes, and gave a sensible answer. “It is one thing to act in plays, another to write them. I tell you this for your own good; learn a useful trade like shoemaking.”
3 So the boy, who was not sensible at all, went home. There he took what little money he had, said good-bye to his mother and his stepfather and started out to seek his fortune. He was sure that some day the name Hans Christian Andersen would be known all over Denmark.
4 To believe such a story one would have to believe in fairy tales! Hans Christian knew many such tales. He had heard some of them from his father, who had worked hard at his trade, but liked to read better than to make shoes. In the evenings, he had read aloud from The Arabian Nights. His wife understood very little of the book, but the boy, pretending to sleep, understood every word.
5 By day, Hans Christian went to a house where old women worked as weavers. There he listened to the tales that the women told as they
worked at their weaving. In those days, there were almost as many tales
in Denmark as there were people to tell them.
6 Among the tales told in the town of Odense, where Andersen was
born in 1805, was one about a fairy who brought death to those who danced with her. To this tale, Hans Christian later added a story from his own life.
7 Once, when his father was still alive, a young lady ordered a pair of red shoes. When she refused to pay for them, unhappiness filled the poor shoemaker's house. From that small tragedy and the story of the dancing fairy, the shoemaker's son years later wrote the story that millions of people now know as The Red Shoes. The genius of Andersen is that he put so much of everyday life into the wonder of his fairy tales.
8 When Hans Christian's mother was a little girl, she was sent out
on the streets to beg. She did not want to beg, so she sat out of sight under one of the city bridges. She warmed her cold feet in her hands,
for she had no shoes. She was afraid to go home. Years later, her son,
in his pity for her and his anger at the world, wrote the angry story She's No Good and the famous tale The Little Match Girl.
9 Through his genius, he changed every early experience, even his father's death, into a fairy tale. One cold day the boy had stood
looking at the white patterns formed on the window by the frost. His father showed him a white, 'woman-like figure among the frost patterns. “That is the Snow Queen,” said
the shoemaker. “Soon she will be coming for me.” A few months
later he was dead. And years later, Andersen turned that sad experience into a fairy tale, The Snow Queen.
10 After the Prince told him to learn a trade, Hans Christian went to Copenhagen. He was just fourteen years old at the time.
11 When he arrived in the city, he went to see as many important people as he could find —
dancers, writers and theater people of Copenhagen. But none of them lent a helping hand to the boy with the big hands, the big feet and the big nose. Finally, he had just seven pennies left.
12 The boy had a beautiful high, clear voice. One day a music teacher heard him singing and decided to help him. He collected money from his friends and gave it to the boy so that he could buy food and clothing while he studied singing.
13 Hans Christian was happier than he had ever been in his life. But soon his boy's voice broke. The beautiful high voice was gone forever.
14 The boy soon found new friends who admired his genius. There was even a princess who gave him a little money from time to time for food and clothes. But Hans Christian bought little food and no clothes. Instead, he bought books and went to the theater.
Lesson Three
Hans Christian Andersen's Own Fairy Tale (?)
Donald and Louise Peattie
Learning Guide
这只鸭圈里飞出的天鹅所讲的故事老少皆宜，虽然故事使用的是孩子们能听懂的语言、孩子
们喜闻乐见的情节，但却又包含生活真谛、寓意深长。

功成名就的“丑小鸭” 一如既往，保持着他
那平常、善良的心态，对权贵不卑不亢，对以往没有善待他的人不计前嫌。

他把爱献给上帝，献
2
给人类。

1 In Copenhagen, Hans Christian lived in an attic in an old house, where he had a good view of the city. But there was one big fact that he could not see right under his own nose. The plays and poetry that he wrote were not very good.
2 Hans Christian made friends with a few kind people. Among them was Jonas Collin of the Royal Theater. This kind man collected funds from friends to send the young writer to school. Hans felt most at ease with children. He ate his dinner in turn at the homes of six friends. In each home the children begged him for stories.
3 Hans told a tale so vividly that you could see and hear toy
soldiers marching and toy horses galloping. And he could make the most wonderful papercuts. These are kept today in the Andersen Museum, which is in the house where he was born in Odense.
4 Andersen remained single all his life. The good Collin family —three generations of them —
became all the family he was ever to have. They all loved him, but they advised him not to write any more poetry and plays, and to try to get a government job. They talked as he later made the animals talk in his stories: "I tell you this for your own good," said the Hen to the Ugly Duckling, “you should learn to lay eggs like me.” In The Ugly Duckling Hans Christian told the story of his own life.
5 When his first book of fairy tales was published in 1835, Andersen didn't think it would be successful, but children read the stories and wanted more. So, encouraged by their interest, he began what we know today as his great work. For 37 years, a new book of Andersen's fairy tales came out each Christmas. The books were full of everyday truth, of wonder, of sad beauty, of humor. Children and their parents had never read such tales before.
6 Andersen's tales are a poet's way of telling us the truth about ourselves. He looked deeply into the heart of things. Even in a child's toy lost in the street, he could see some story with the light of gold in it. All of us laugh at the humor of The Emperor's New Clothes, but we remember the story every time men pretend to be something that they are not.
7 Although he was now famous, he was more kind-hearted than ever. One day on the street he met a man who had once treated him badly. The old and unhappy man said that he was sorry for what he had done. Andersen forgave the man and comforted him. The Prince who had told Andersen to learn a useful trade was now the King. He invited the writer
to his palace and told him that he might ask for any favor. Andersen replied simply, "But I don't need anything at all."
8 He was already loved all over the world. The awkward figure and kind ugly face had become so famous that his friends, the children, recognized him wherever he was. His books were translated into many different languages and read all over the world. He was received at the royal courts of Europe and admired by many kings.
9 The greatest writers of the day, from Dickens to Victor Hugo, looked upon him as one of themselves. Among them, he at last learned happily that "it doesn't matter if you are born in a duck-yard, as long as you come from a swan's egg."
10 Happiest of all was the day he returned to the "duck-yard," nearly 50 years after he had left it. All Odense took part in the great celebration for the shoemaker's son who was now the prince of fairy tales. A great dinner was held in his honor. That night, hundreds of people came to his window and called to him.What was then in his full heart — that gentle heart that had been lonely for so long—was best expressed in his own words: "To God and man, my thanks, my love."
Lesson Four
This Life
Sidney Poitier
Learning Guide
看过《猜一猜谁来吃晚饭》或《在炎热的夏夜里》的人一定会对美国著名黑人演员悉尼?波蒂
埃的演技赞叹不已。

可是你是否知道他在试图进入演艺圈时，曾被导演轰下舞台，因为他连台词
都不会念——不认识的字太多。

他又是怎样迈开第一步的呢,且听他娓娓道
来。

1 It is the first time I have ever been on a stage—I don't even know what a stage looks like—but
I'm up there now and I open this "script," but I don't know what it is. The director tells me to read the part of “John.” Everywhere I see "John" I must read everything under that.
2 Then I see him sitting in a front seat staring at me with the strangest look. He says, "Get off that stage." I say, "What do you mean?" He says, "Just come on down off that stage and stop wasting my time.
3
You're no actor. You don't even know how to read."
3 I leave and walk off down 135th Street saying to myself, "You can hardly read. You can't be an actor and you' re not able to read." I begin to think about what he' s said to me. Now I know I can't read too well. Here I am, eighteen years of age, and if I live to be eighty, for the next sixty-two years I'm going to be a dishwasher. I'm not going to be able to make people notice me.
4 During the next six months, I spent as much time as possible reading. One of the restaurants I worked in during that period was in Astoria, Long Island. The work was hard and heavy, but we would have
most of the dishes cleared away by 11:00 or 11: 15 p.m. It was my custom to sit out near the kitchen door and read the newspaper.
5 At the waiters' table there was an old Jewish man who used to watch me trying to read that paper. I asked him one night what a word meant, and he told me. I thanked him and went back to my paper. He went on watching me for a few seconds and then said, “Do you run across a
lot of words you don't understand?” I said, "A lot — because I'm just beginning to learn to read well,"and he said,"I'll sit with you here and work with you for a while."
6 So at about eleven every night when he sat down for his meal, I would come out of the kitchen and sit down next to him and read articles from the front page of the paper. When I ran into a word I didn't know (and I didn't know half of the article, because any word longer than a couple of syllables gave me trouble) be explained the meaning of the word and gave me the pronunciation. Then he' d send me back to the sentence so I could understand the word in context.
7 Then I would take the paper away with me, armed now with the meaning of those words, and reread and reread the article so that the meaning of those words would get locked into my memory. Every evening we did that.
8 I stayed there at that job for about five or six weeks and I learned from him a way to study, and then I went off to other jobs. I have never been able to thank him properly because I never knew then
what an enormous contribution he was making to my life. He was wonderful, and a little bit of him is in everything I do.
9 After that, I always looked for the meaning of words, and when I
ran into words I couldn't pronounce and didn't understand, I would work on them until I began to understand. I would keep going over and over
the sentence they were in, and after a while I would begin to get an
idea of what the word meant just by repeating the sentence. That became a habit, as did all the other things he left me with.
Lesson Five
Night Watch
Roy Popkin
Learning Guide
市场经济的潮水极大地冲击着人与人之间的关系。

人们似乎认为亲情薄如蝉
翼，陌生人之间
还能有什么爱心与关怀。

可是一位海军陆战队队员的行为恰好说明关心他人之
人大有人在。

请看
他是怎样做的。

1 The story began on a downtown Brooklyn street corner. An elderly man had collapsed while crossing the street, and an ambulance rushed him to Kings County Hospital. There, when he came to now and again, the man repeatedly called for his son.
2 From a worn letter found in his pocket, an emergency-room nurse learned that his son was a Marine stationed in North Carolina. It seemed there were no other relatives.
3 Someone at the hospital called the Red Cross office in Brooklyn, and a request for the boy to rush to Brooklyn was sent to the Red Cross director of the North Carolina Marine Corps camp. Because time was short — the patient was dying — the Red Cross man and officer set out in a jeep. They found
the young man wading through some marshes in a military exercise. He was rushed to the airport in time to catch the one plane that might enable him to reach his dying father.
4 It was mid-evening when the young Marine walked into the entrance lobby of Kings County Hospital. A nurse took the tired, anxious serviceman to the bedside.
5 “Your son is here,” she said to the old man. She had to repeat the words several times before the
patient's eyes opened. The medicine he had been given because of the pain from his heart attack made his eyes weak and he only dimly saw the young man in Marine Corps uniform standing outside the oxygen tent. He reached out his hand. The Marine wrapped his strong fingers around the old man's limp ones, squeezing a message of love and encouragement. The nurse brought a chair, so the Marine could sit by
4
the bed.
6 Nights are long in hospitals, but all through the night the young Marine sat there in the dimly-lit ward, holding the old man's hand and
offering words of hope and strength. Occasionally, the nurse suggested that the Marine rest for a while. He refused.
7 Whenever the nurse came into the ward, the Marine was there, but he paid no attention to her and the night noises of the hospital —the clanking of an oxygen tank, the laughter of night-staff members exchanging greetings, the cries and moans and snores of other patients. Now and then she heard him say a few gentle words. The dying man said nothing, only held tightly to his son through most of the night(
8 It was nearly dawn when the patient died(The Marine placed on the bed the lifeless hand he had
been holding，and went to tell the nurse(While she did what she had to do，he smoked a cigarette—his
first since he got to the hospital.
9 Finally，she returned to the nurse's station，where he was
waiting(She started to offer words of
sympathy，but the Marine interrupted her(“Who was that man?”he asked(
10 "He was your father，"she answered，startled(
11 "No，he wasn't，"the Marine replied("I never saw him before in my life("
12 "Why didn't you say something when I took you to him?" the nurse asked(
13 "I knew immediately there'd been a mistake，but I also knew he needed his son，and his son just
wasn't here(When I realized he was too sick to tell whether or not I was his son， I guessed he really
needed me(So I stayed("
14 With that，the Marine turned and left the hospital. Two days
later a message came in from the North Carolina Marine Corps base informing the Brooklyn Red Cross that the real son was on his way to Brooklyn for his father's funeral( It turned out there had been two Marines with the same name and
similar numbers in the camp(Someone in the personnel office had pulled out the wrong record(
15 But the wrong Marine had become the right son at the right
time(And he proved， in a very
human way， that there are people who care what happens to their fellow men(
Lesson Six
How Dictionaries Are Made
S. I. Hayakawa
Learning Guide
从我们上小学起，词典就成了我们学习中不可缺少的朋友。

可是，词典是怎样编写出来的?是
先由学者、专家们给每个词写出定义，然后搜集例句加以说明吗?词典是人人应当尊重的权威吗?
什么样的词典是好词典?在这篇课文里一位著名语义学家回答了上述问题，他的见解对于语言学习
有一定的指导意义。

1 It is widely believed that every word has a correct meaning, that we learn these meanings mainly from teachers and grammars, and that dictionaries and grammar books are the highest authority in matters of meaning and usage. Few people ask by what authority the writers of dictionaries and grammars say what they say. I once got into an argument with an English woman over the pronunciation of a word and offered to look it up in the dictionary. The English woman said firmly, “What for?
I am English. I was born and brought up in England. The way I speak is English.” Such confidence about one's own la nguage is not uncommon among the English. In the United States, however, anyone who is willing to quarrel with the dictionary is regarded as out of his mind.
2 Let us see how dictionaries are made and how the editors arrive at definitions(arrive at). What follows applies only to those dictionary offices where firsthand research goes on — not those in which editors simply copy existing dictionaries. The task of writing a dictionary begins with reading huge amounts of the literature of the period or subject that the dictionary is to cover. As the editors read, they copy on cards every unusual use of a common word, a large number of common words in their ordinary uses, and also the sentences in which each of these words appears.
3 That is to say, the context of each word is collected, along with the word itself. For a really big job of dictionary writing, such as the Oxford English Dictionary, millions of such cards are collected, and the
task of editing occupies decades. As the cards are collected, they are arranged in alphabetical order. When the sorting is completed, there
will be for each word anywhere from two or three to several hundred sentences, each on its card, which illustrate the meaning and use of the word.
5
4 To define a word, then, the dictionary editor places before him
all the cards illustrating that word; each of the cards represents an actual use of the word by a writer of some importance. He reads the cards carefully, throws away some, rereads the rest, and divides them up according to what he thinks are the several senses of the word. Finally, he writes his definitions, following the hard-and-fast rule that each definition must be based on what the sentences in front of him show about the meanings of the word. The editor cannot be influenced by what he thinks a given word ought to mean. He must work according to the cards, or not at all.
5 The writing of a dictionary, therefore, is not a task of setting
up ruling statements about the “true meanings” of words, but a task of recording, to the best of one's ability, what various words have meant to authors in the distant or immediate past. The writer of a dictionary is a historian, not a lawgiver. If, for example, we had been writing a dictionary in 1890, or even as late as 1919, we could have said that the
scatter” (seed, for example), but we could not have laid down that from 1919 word “broadcast” means “to
on the most common meaning of the word should become “to send out programs by radio or television.” To regard the dictionary as an "authority," therefore, is to look upon the dictionary writer as being able to see into the future, which neither he nor anyone else can do. In choosing our words when we speak or write, we can be guided by the historical record provided for us by the dictionary, but we should not be bound by it, because new situations, new experiences, new inventions, new feelings are always making us give new uses to old words.
Lesson Seven
Love of Life
Jack London
Learning Guide
20世纪科学技术的突飞猛进，极大地改善了人类的生活。

现代人的生存能力越来越弱。

可谁
又能保证自己一生中不会遭遇灾难，不会面临生死存亡的关头,美国著名作家
杰克?伦敦在其名篇
《热爱生命》中告诉我们在极其恶劣的环境中怎样坚持下去，克服重重困难以求得生存。

1 Two men walked slowly, one after the other, through the shallow water of a stream. All they could see were stones and earth. The stream ran cold over their feet. They had blanket packs on their backs. They had guns, but no bullets; matches, but no food.
2 Suddenly the man who followed fell over a stone. He hurt his foot badly and called: “Hey, Bill, I've hurt my foot.” Bill continued straight on without looking back.
3 The man was alone in the empty land, but he was not lost. He knew the way to their camp, where he would find food and bullets. He
struggled to his feet and limped on. Bill would be waiting for him there, and together they would go south to the Hudson Bay Company. He had not eaten for two days. Often he stopped to pick some small berries and put them into his mouth. The berries were tasteless, and did not satisfy,
but he knew he must eat them.
4 In the evening he built a fire and slept like a dead man. When he woke up, the man took out a small sack. It weighed fifteen pounds. He wasn't sure if he could carry it any longer. But he couldn't leave it behind. He had to take it with him. He put it back into his pack, rose
to his feet and staggered on.
5 His foot hurt, but it was nothing compared with his hunger, which made him go on until darkness fell. His blanket was wet, but he knew
only that he was hungry. Through his restless sleep he dreamed of banquets and of food. The man woke up cold and sick, and found himself lost. But the small sack was still with him. As he dragged himself along, the sack became heavier and heavier. The man opened the sack, which was full of small pieces of gold. He left half the gold on a rock.
6 Eleven days passed, days of rain and cold. One day he found the bones of a deer. There was no meat on them. The man broke the bones and
he sucked and chewed on them like an animal. Would he, too, be bones tomorrow? And why not? This was life. Only life hurt. There was no hurt in death. To die was to sleep. Then why was he not ready to die? He, as a man, no longer strove. It was the life in him, unwilling to die, that drove him on.
7 One morning he woke up beside a river. Slowly he followed it with his eyes and saw it emptying into a shining sea(empty into)(When he saw a ship on the sea，he closed his eyes(He knew there could
be no ship，no sea，in this land(A vision，he told himself(He heard a noise behind him，and turned
around(A wolf，old and sick，was coming slowly toward him(This was real，he thought(The man turned
back， but the sea and the ship were still there( He didn't understand(Had he been walking north，away
6
from the camp，toward the sea? He stood up and started slowly toward the ship，knowing full well the
sick wolf was following him(In the afternoon，he found some bones of a man(Beside the bones was a
small sack of gold, like his own(So Bill had carried his gold to the end(He would carry Bill's gold to the
ship(Ha—ha! He would have the last laugh on Bill(His laughing sounded like the low cry of an
animal(The wolf cried back(The man stopped suddenly and turned
away(How could he laugh about
Bill's bones and take his gold?
8 The man was very sick，now(He crawled about，on hands and knees(He had lost
everything—his blanket，his gun，and his gold(Only the wolf stayed with him hour after hour(At last
he could go on no further( He fell( The wolf came close to him, but the man was ready(He got on top
of the wolf and held its mouth closed(Then he bit it with his last strength(The wolf's blood streamed into
his mouth(Only love of life gave him enough strength(He held the wolf with his teeth and killed it, then
he fell on his back and slept(
9 The men on the ship saw a strange object lying on the beach( It was moving toward
them—perhaps twenty feet an hour(The men went over to look and could hardly believe it was a man(
10 Three weeks later, when the man felt better, he told them his story(But there was one strange
thing—he seemed to be afraid that there wasn't enough food on the ship(The men also noticed that he
was getting fat(They gave him less food, but still he grew fatter with each day(Then one day they saw
him put a lot of bread under his shirt(They examined his bed and found food under his blanket(The men
understood(He would recover from it，they said(
Lesson Eight
A Fiddle and the Law
John J. Floherty
Learning Guide
美国联邦调查局某特工奉命缉拿一杀人犯归案。

案犯与其父住在深山的小屋里。

该特工到达
时，案犯不在，其父满怀敌意，紧握枪杆。

动武显然是下策，特工沉着冷静，处之泰然，像一个
闲来串门的邻居，谈笑弄琴，不问公务，终于赢得信任，使得原本敌对的父亲次日带领其子前往
自首。

1 Special Agent X came to a cabin about two miles up the mountain. He had come to get Cal Richards, an armed and dangerous killer. Through a broken window, he saw a man with a beard watching him closely. Agent X drew a deep breath. He stepped up to the cabin door with a cheerful “Hello!”
2 Beside the fireplace, an old man sat silently. Still standing near the window was the bearded man — a gun in his hands.
3 “Government man, aren't you?” said the man with the gun.
4 “Yes,” replied the agent with a friendly smile. “You must be Papp y Richards.”。