2020高中英语 Unit 12 Culture Shock Section Ⅵ Language Points(Ⅲ)(Lesson 4

Section ⅥLanguage Points(Ⅲ)(Lesson 4，Communication Workshop，Culture
Corner &Bulletin Board)
[语言基础自测]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．The volunteers are reminded of taking everything belonging(属于) to them before leaving the hotel.
2．We've grown very attached(依恋) to this village and don't want to move.
3．The baby is a new addition(增加的人) to our family.
4．A broad(广阔的) valley opened up leading to a flat land.
5．This area has become a hot spot(地点)．
6．They export their products to markets throughout the world.
7．I'm not ill.On the contrary，I'm very healthy.
8．He can't bear people smoking while he's eating.
9．Only a minority of people support these new laws.
10．After all，he is only a child.Forgive him for what he has done and give him a chance to correct his mistake.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性或汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．belong vi.适应；属于→belongings n．所有物，财产
2．minority n．少数，少数民族→minor adj.较小的，较少的→majority n．(反义词)大多数
3．forgive vt.宽恕，饶恕→forgiveness n．宽恕
4．unfair adj.不公平的→fair adj.公平的→fairly adv.公正地；相当→fairness n．公平，公正
5．addition n．相加，增加物→addition al adj.附加的；追加的；另外的
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．loads of 许多；大量
2．have an effect on 对……有影响
3．belong to 属于
4．be fond of 喜欢
5．look out for 当心
6．take...seriously 认真对待
7．on the contrary 与此相反，恰恰相反
8．in addition 另外
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．Loads of tourists pour into this place in summer.
2．John is fond of pointing out other people's mistakes.
3．You take things too seriously；try to enjoy life a bit more!
4．Those books I lent to you belong to my younger brother.
5．It has not been known whether this kind of drug has an effect on the brain. Ⅴ.经典句式仿写
4.It is said that there are more than 200 different kinds！据说有200多个不同的种类！It is said
that...“据
说……”。

据说他正在国外学习。

It is said that he is
studying abroad.
(教材P42)At first，we didn't feel we belong here，but now we are attached to the land we live on.
起初，我们并没有感觉到我们也属于这里，但现在我们却对这片所生活的土地非常依恋了。

(1)belong vi.适应；属于
(1)belong to 属于，归属于
(2)belongings n. (复数)财产，财物
我借给你的那些书是我弟弟的。

②She took away everything belonging(belong) to her.
她把属于她的东西都带走了。

③These are my personal belongings(belong)．
这些是我的个人物品。

[名师点津]
belong to表示“是……的财产；是……的组成部分；是……的成员(属于)”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态，to为介词，后面要跟名词或代词。

(2)attach vt.喜欢，依恋；系，固定
(1)attach sth.to sth. 把某物固定/附在某物上
attach importance/value/weight to sth.
认为某物重要/有价值/有分量
attach oneself to sb. 和某人在一起，缠着/迷恋/依附于某人
attach to... 与……有联系/关联
(2)attached adj. 依恋的；爱慕的；附属于的；依附的
become/be attached to... 依恋、爱慕某人；喜爱、爱惜某物，属
于，隶属于某机构
他非常爱惜那台旧打字机。

⑤More and more people attach importance (important) to reducing greenhouse gas emission.
越来越多的人开始重视减少温室气体排放。

⑥Smoking and drinking attach to this kind of cancer.
＝This kind of cancer is attached(attach) to smoking and drinking.
这种癌症与吸烟、喝酒有联系。

look out for 小心……，注意……
(教材P42)This is a great place for camping but you have to look out for snakes and spiders－Australia has some of the most dangerous in the world.
这是一个露营的好地方，但是你得小心蛇和蜘蛛——澳大利亚拥有一些世界上最危险的蛇和蜘蛛。

look out 往外看；小心(为不及物动词短语)
watch out(for...) 小心/注意(……)
keep watch (on...) 注意/关注(……)
take care 小心，注意
be careful(of/for...) 小心(……)
①Look out！The road is full of mud.
小心！路上全是泥。

②Watch out for the vehicles passing by.
注意过往车辆。

(教材P42)That's why surfing is such a popular sport.
这就是冲浪成为一项如此普及的体育运动的原因。

【要点提炼】That's why...意为“这是……的原因”，why引导表语从句。

That's why... “那是……的原因”，why后接后果。

That's because... “那是因为……”，because后接原因。

The reason why...is that... “……的理由是……”，the reason作主
语时，表语从句用that引导。

今天早晨我上班迟到了，那是因为我遇上了交通堵塞。

②The reason why he was absent from the meeting is that he was ill.
他缺席会议的原因是他病了。

contrary adj.相反的
(教材P42)Contrary to popular belief，Australia is not a dull place at all for people wanting culture.
同一般人们的认识相反，对在文化方面有需求的人来说，澳大利亚不是一个枯燥的地方。

(1)contrary to＝opposite to 与……相反
(2)contrary n. 相反的事实(或事情、情况)
on the contrary 恰恰相反(常用于两个句子之间，其前/
后常用逗号)
to the contrary 相反的/地(可做后置定语，也可做状语，
常置于句末)
①My sister's taste in dresses is contrary to my own. 在服装方面，我妹妹的喜好和我完全不同。

②He is not poor ；on the contrary ，he is a millionaire. 他不穷，相反，他是个百万富翁。

③They produced no evidence to the contrary. 他们没有拿出相反的证据。

broad adj .各种各样的；广阔的
(教材P 42)And in Sydney ，you'll find a broad choice of opera ，drama ，classical concerts ，rock concerts —there's too much choice really!
在悉尼，你会发现有各种各样的选择——歌剧、戏剧、古典音乐会、摇滚音乐会——选择真是太多了！
(1)broad adj . ⎩⎪⎨⎪
⎧ 宽度、幅面宽的，广的，广阔的……宽的 （置于表长度的名词之后 ）大概的；粗略的；不详细的 (2)breadth n ． 广泛；宽度 (3)broaden v ．
变宽；拓宽
①What is the breadth of this room? 这个房间有多宽？
②I'd like to work abroad to broaden(broad) my horizons. 我想到国外工作以开拓我的视野。

[明辨异同] broad/wide
broad 侧重于幅面的宽广，如肩、背、胸、额等 wide
侧重于两线之间的宽，如两岸间河宽，眼睛睁得大等
(broad/wide)
③His eyes are wide open but he seems to be asleep. ④I'm reasonably broad across the shoulders.
bear vt .携带；容忍；承受；生育；(树、植物)结果(bore ；borne/born ) (教材P 42)I can't bear the way the native Australians have been treated. 我不能忍受人们对土著澳大利亚人的态度。

写出下列句中bear 的含义
①The ice is too thin to bear your weight.
承受
②He can't bear living alone.
忍受，容忍
③The letter bears no signature.
带有，携带
④She has borne him two sons.
生育
⑤They will bud and blossom and bear fruit.
结(果实)
(1)bear doing sth./to do sth. 承受/忍受做某事
bear...in mind＝learn...by heart 牢记，切记
(2)be born in 出生于
你要记住你的父母指望你成为一名好医生。

⑦She couldn't bear to see others suffer.
＝She couldn't bear seeing(see) others suffer.
她不忍看见别人受苦。

[名师点津]
(1)bear意为“忍耐，忍受”时，通常与can，could连用，用于疑问句或否定句中。

常见近义词有：endure，tolerate，stand，put up with等。

(2)bear的过去式为bore，borne和born是bear的两个过去分词，表示“出生，出自”时，用born，并且仅用于被动语态；表示“生育”时用borne。

forgive vt.宽恕，饶恕
(教材P42)I wonder if they'll ever forgive the way they've been treated.
我想知道他们是否会原谅人们对待他们的方式。

(1)forgive sb.for(doing)sth 原谅某人(做)某事
forgive sb.sth. 原谅某人某事
forgive my doing sth.＝forgive me for doing sth.
原谅我做某事
(2)forgiveness n．原谅；宽恕
她似乎想得到他的原谅，因为她毁了他的童年。

②I'll never forgive you for what you have done to your parents.
我永远也不会原谅你对父母所做的一切。

③Please forgive my phoning(phone) you so late.
＝Please forgive me for phoning you so late.
请原谅我这么晚了给你打电话。

④Please forgive me for using(use) your telephone without asking permission.
请原谅我没征得你的允许就用了你的电话。

spot n．地点；点；斑点；缺点；场所
vt.发现；认出
(教材P43)Ayers Rock is a famous sightseeing spot in Australia.
艾尔斯巨石是澳大利亚一个著名的观光旅游景点。

(1)on the spot 当地；在现场；在原地
put sb.on the spot 使某人尴尬，使某人为难
(2)be spotted with 满是……斑点
spot sb.doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事
①James was called to see the producer and got the job on the spot.
詹姆斯被叫去见制片人，当场就得到了那份工作。

②I spotted a stranger coming(come)out of the building.
我发现一个陌生人走出大楼。

③I don't like the shirt which is spotted(spot) with paint.
我不喜欢这件沾满油漆的衬衫。

help...out协助……渡过难关；帮助……解决困难
(教材P45)So can you help me out?
所以你能帮我一下吗？
can't help(to) do sth. 不能帮着做某事
can't help doing sth. 禁不住做某事
can't help but do sth. 不得不做某事
help sb.with sth. 帮助某人做某事
help oneself (to sth.) 自用，自取所需(食物等)
help sb.(to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事(＝help sb.with sth.)
with the help of... 在……的帮助下
她不由得哭了。

②I can't help wondering(wonder) what happened to that little girl.
我忍不住想知道那个小女孩出了什么事。

③Can you help me with my English?
你能帮我学英语吗？
④People set out to set up their new homes with the help of the government.
在政府的帮助下，人们开始创建他们的新家园。

bring an end to sth.(＝bring sth.to an end)使……终止，结束，停止
(教材P46)The arrival of white people gradually brought an end to the traditional Aboriginal way
of life.
白人的到来逐渐终结了传统的土著人的生活方式。

(1)come to an end 完毕，结束
put an end to＝bring an end to
结束，使终止
in the end 最后，终于
at the end of 在……的结尾
(2)end(up) with 以……结束
end in 以……结局/告终
end up doing sth. 最终做某事
①The meeting came to an end at midnight.
会议在午夜结束。

②Policemen were called out to put an end to the disorder in the streets.
警察被召来平息街头的骚乱。

③All their efforts ended in failure.
他们的一切努力都以失败而告终。

④Most people who try to lose weight end up putting(put) weight again at last.
大多数试图减肥的人最终又恢复了原来体重。

be sensitive to 对……敏感
(教材P46)In recent years，white Australians have become more sensitive to the Aborigines' situation.
最近几年，澳大利亚白种人对于土著人的生活状况变得更敏感。

(1)sense n．& vt. 感觉；意识
sense of humour 幽默感
sense of direction 方向感
make sense 有意义，合情理
make sense of 理解，懂得
(2)sensitive adj. 敏感的；善解人意的，体恤的
sensible adj. 有知觉的，有感知的，明智的，通情达理的
天黑了，他完全失去了方向感。

②Can you make sense of what I said?
你能领会我说的意思吗？
③That seems to be a sensible(sense) idea.
那似乎是个明智的主意。

(教材P47)Beijing has such a long and interesting history so my advice to your friend is that
he should visit as many historical places as possible.
北京拥有如此悠久和有趣的历史，因此，我给你朋友的建议是，他应尽可能多地参观一些古迹。

【要点提炼】句中advice后面接的表语从句用的是虚拟语气。

(1)advice意为“建议”，后接表语从句或同位语从句时，从句应用虚拟语气，即should＋do形式，should 可以省略。

(2)在一些表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。

这样的名词除advice外，还有suggestion，proposal，order，request，requirement，desire等。

我的建议是我们派几个人去帮助另外一个小组。

②He gave orders that the job (should)be done(do) in three days.
他指示三天内完成这项工作。

(教材P47)It is said that there are more than 200 different kinds!
据说有200多个不同的种类！
【要点提炼】本句为复合句，that引导的是主语从句，为使句子平衡，而把主语从句放在后面，句首用形式主语it，即构成了句式：It is＋过去分词＋that从句。

类似It is said that... 这种常用的句型还有：
It is believed that... 人们相信……
It is supposed that... 据推测……
It is reported that... 据报道……
It is considered that... 人们认为……
It is known that... ……是众所周知的
据报道，未来几年将在月球上建造空间站。

②It is known that Edison invented the first electric light.
＝Edison is known to have invented(invent) the first electric light.
爱迪生发明了第一只电灯这是众所周知的。

[名师点津]
这类句子在变为简单句时，都是把that从句中的主语变为真正的主语，be＋v.­ed后用不定式形式。

若不定式的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则要用不定式的完成式。

[随堂效果落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．That is why she left her hometown in her teens.
2．He was shot on the spot for resisting arrest.
3．He walks in and out as if the house belonged(belong) to him.
4．We attach great importance(important) to transportation insurance on China's import and export. 5．He's a sensible(sense) and clever boy，and ought to turn out well.
6．Having a lot of doubt，he can not help asking(ask) them question.
7．I will go on with my work unless I get the order to the contrary.
8．For college students，doing a par t­time job will broaden(broad) their outlook.
9．She was considered a born(bear) movie star.
10．He forgave her for what she had said to him.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．While the teacher came into the classroom，we were reading English.
While→When 2．They also bought a lot of fruit in addition some bread.
addition后加to 3．Tom was late for work this morning.That is why he overslept.
why→because 4．Look out the sharp bends on the road！
out后加for 5．The young people should have wide shoulders.
wide→broad Ⅲ.完成句子
1．你喜欢体育，而我更喜欢音乐。

You like sports，while I prefer music．
2．如果他惩罚你，那表示他关心你。

If he punishes you，it is because he cares for you．
3．他迟到的原因是他的母亲病了。

The reason why he came late was that his mother was ill.
4．教授指示考试须在七点半以前结束。

The professor gave order that the test be finished before 7：30．
5．据报道这次事故有20人死亡。

It is reported that 20 people were died in the accident.。