2019_2020高中英语Unit3ScienceversusnatureSectionⅣGramm

Secti on IV Grammar & Writi ng
同歩测控•夯实基础
I单句语法填空
1. A case of suspected food poisoning in NewYork has led to 6 high school students (se nd) to hospital.
答案：being sent
2. _____________ (judge) by the accent , the man must come from the south.
答案：Judging
3. ____________________________ The rare fish , (save) from the cooking pot _______________________________ , has been returned
to the sea.
答案：saved
4. ___________________________________________________________ When I came back
from shopping , I found my iPhone ________________________________ (steal) . 答案：
stolen
5. _________________________________ The movie originally (intend) for children u nder
12 is now being
used to educate adults.
答案：intended
6. ___________ (discuss) many times , the problems were settled at last.
答案：Discussed
7. ___________ (remind) not to drive after drinking , some drivers are still trying
their luck , which is really dangerous.
答案：Remi nded
8. ___________________________________________________ Last Sun day , thousa nds of travelers rema ined _________________________________________ (stick) in side the
mountains in Tibet due to the worst sno wstorm in years.
答案：stuck
9. The big fire blocked the stairs , leavi ng doze ns of people ___________________ (trap)
on the top of the buildi ng.
答案：trapped
10. ___________ (accustom) to climbing the steep mountain , he had no difficulty
reach ing the top.
答案：Accustomed
n阅读理解
Many automobile makers present their newest designs at car shows around the world.Many designers seek to create the car of the future.One device that is popular
among car manufacturers（生产商） is an autopilot.Autopilot permits a car to drive itself without human control.
A recent car show in Geneva ，Switzerland also presented other possible designs ，including cars manufactured in 3D printers.
Rinspeed is a Swiss design company.It showed a vehicle based on the US electric car Tesla Model S, but the Rinspeed car includes a large television and an espresso coffee maker.
Frank Rinderknecht is the CEO of Rinspeed.He says he does not want to just sit and watch the steering wheel（方向盘） turn as he rides in a car with autopilot.
“ I want to ride, I want to sleep, relax, watch movies, news, anything else.So that ' s the vision which we have.That one day on the boring motorway traffic ，you just do anything which makes your life better ，” said Rinderknecht.
One of the most interesting ideas presented at the show is a car built on a 3D printer.The German engineering firm EDAG designed the car.The body of the vehicle called “ Genesis ” is printed in one piece from a material called thermoplastic（热
塑性塑料）．
Christoph Horvath is a spokesman for EDAG.
“ To create a car without the use of any tool.This would be a real revolution for the industry ，” said Horvath.
EDAG says it based its design on a turtle shell.The company says the design provides the right amount of strength and firmness.
Other automakers did not look so far into the future.Czech automaker Skoda presented its
“ Vision C ” model vehicle.The car has an environmentally friendly natural gas engine.
Jo Davidson is a company spokeswoman.She says the car releases very low levels of the pollutant gas CO 2.Ms Davidson says the “ Vision C ” plans to be launched in
two years.
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了日内瓦车展展示出的未来汽车的几种设计。

1．Why is an autopilot popular among car manufacturers?
A．Because it can get a car to drive itself.
B．Because it can make a car more modern.
C. Because it may let a car fly in the sky freely.
D. Because it has a car movi ng in a particular direct ion.
A 解析：细节理解题。

根据第一段中的"One device that is po pular amo ng car manufacturers（生产商）is an autopilot.Autopilot permits a car to drive itself without human control. ”可知答案。

2. What do we know about the vehicle called “ Gen esis ”？
A. It is designed by the American engineering firm.
B. The body of the vehicle is built on a 3D printer.
C. Frank Rinderknecht is the designer of the car.
D. The car was mainly made from the turtle shell.
B 解析：细节理解题。

根据第六段中的"...a car built on a 3D printer. ”以及"The body of the vehicle called ‘ Gen esis' is prin ted in one piece from a material called thermoplastic（热塑性塑料）.”可知答案。

3. What is the com mon feature of the cars?
A. They are all made from thermoplastic.
B. They all belong to the cars of the future.
C. All the desig ns are based on a turtle shell.
D. They all have environmentally friendly natural gas engine.
B 解析：推理判断题。

根据第一段中的" Many desig ners seek to create the car of
the future. ”以及下文的介绍，特别是多次出现的单词design都可以推知，这些汽车都是
未来的汽车设想。

故选B。

4. Where can we most probably read this text?
A. In an economic report.
B. In a short story.
C. In a travel magazine.
D. In a tech no logy report.
D解析：文章出处题。

纵观全文可知，本文介绍了未来汽车的几种设计，故应出自技术
方面的报告。

故选Do
川完形填空
Most stress is internal（内在的），caused by the way in which we relate to the world
and events and people around ourselves.Stress is __1__ when there is a disconnection between our
__2__ and our reality.When reality falls short of an expectation, it __3__ disappo in tme nt and that causes stress.
For example, let us say you drove your car to work today
,your car was __4__ in
the nearby parking lot, and you would leave __5__ today at 5: 00 p
. m.You probably had an expectation that your car would be right where you __6__ it when you got to
the park ing lot this after noon. Well, what if you were to __7__ at 5: 00 p _ . m.that your car had __8_ ? I would imagine most of us would feel some __9__ if ou^car had
bee n stole n!
But, what if you retur ned to the park ing lot this after noon and your car was _10_ where you left it this morning? You would insert （插入）the key and drive away.Would
you __11__ stress over finding your car where you left it? No.Because when expectation and reality
__12 ___________ , you don ' t feel stress.
__13_ most of us will experienee those larger _14__ in life, they are typically
few so that our bodies have a __15__ tocope（应对）and recover.Rather, it is all the
little disappo in tme nts that will really build up our stress.
The __16_ ? Bring your realities up to your expectations.How? Through __17__ _
daily pla nnin g.Make sure that you pla n to do the little things you want and expect to be done __18__ all the things you “ have-to ” do during the day.Build a daily action list that __19 both the “ have- to ' s ” and the “ want- to ' s ”. Prioritize（排序）this list and handle them in the order of their __20__ to you. _
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。

当期望与现实脱节时，人们就会感到压力。

有效的
日常计划可以帮助减轻压力。

1.A.reduced B. man aged
C. caused
D. placed
C 解析：由上文...caused by the way...可知，此处是说什么情况下会"导致(caused) 压力。

2. A.dreams B. expectations
C. facts
D. plans
B 解析：由下文中的When reality falls short of an expectati on ...causes stress.
可知，当我们的期望(expectations) ”与现实脱节时就会导致压力。

3. A.creates B. shows
C. follows
D. avoids
A 解析：当现实没能达到期望时，就会"产生(creates) ”失望，从而导致压力。

4. A.repaired B. parked
C. produced
D. washed
B 解析：由下文中的parki ng lot 可知，你把车“停(parked) ”在附近的停车场。

5.A.home B. school
C ．class
D 解析：由上文中的 you drove your car to work 可知， 此处指下午五点“下班 (leave work) ”。

6． A.got
B ． passed
C
．
left D ． missed
C
解析：早上上班把车停放在停车场， 那下午下班自然是期望你的车就在你“停放
(left) ” 的地方。

7
． A.discover
B ． predict
C
．
imagine
D ． admit
A 解析：由上下文可知， 此处是说“如果你下午
5 点发现(discover) •-
•怎么办”。

8
． A.started
B ．disappeared
C
．
stopped
D ．closed
B 解析：由下文中的
our car had been stolen
可知， 如果你发现你的车“不见了
(disappeared) ”呢？
9． A.stress B ．
fright C ．
pain
D ． calmness A 解析：发现车被偷， 我们中的大多数人会感到“压力 (stress) ”。

10
．
A.especially B ． probably C ．
exactly
D ． simply C 解析：由上文中的 right where you...it
可知， 你的车“正好 (exactly) ”就在你 早上停放的地方。

11． A.realize
B ．
face C
．
recognize
D ．
experience
D 解析： 由下文的 feel stress 可
知，
此处表达的意思与其一致， 所以用“ experience
stress
”
， 表示“感到压力”。

12
．
A.add up
B ．
match up
C
．
show up
D ．
mix up
B 解析： 由下文中的 you don ' t feel stress 可知， 期望与现实“相吻合 (match up)”。

13． A.Unless
B ．
Since
C ．
When
D ． While
D 解析：由下文中的 they are typically few
可知，
前后句之间是让步关系，
故用
尽管 (While)
14． A.change s B ．challenges C ．disappointments
D ．failures
D ． work
C 解析： 尽管我们大多数人在生活中会经历那些较大的
失望 ( disappointments) ”
所以我们的身体有“机会 (chance) ”应对和恢复。

D ． solution
D 解析：由上下文语境可知， 此处指“解决办法 (solution) ”。

17． A.effective D ． immediate
A 解析：“有效的 (effective) ” 日常计划可以使得现实与期望达成一致。

15． A.righ
t
B ． wis
h
C ．system
D ． chanc e 16． A.resul t B ． proces s 18． A.as for
B ． in case of
C ． instead of
D ． in addition to
D 解析：由下文中的 both the
"have-to ' s ” and the “want-to ' s ” 可知,
了 (in addition to) ”你需要做的事情， 保证做一些你想做的事情。

19． A.separate s B ． introduce s C ．includes D ． contribute s
C 解析：此处承接上一句， 作者建议列一个每日行动单， 包括 (includes) ”你需要 做的事情和你想做的事情。

20． A.necessit y B ． importanc e C ．time
D ． siz e
B 解析：由上文中的 Prioritize 可知， 按照 重要性 (importance) ”的先后顺序来处 理这些事情。

I 阅读理解 According to the Greek branch of WW ，F the brown bear is in danger in our country.Its population is about 100－ 150 bears.We find it in Central and Northern Pindos and also in Western Rodopi. Another species in danger, not only in Greece but also all over Europe ， is the lynx( 山猫)， the biggest European feline.Very few lynxes live now in Greece because of the hunting for their fur and because of the damage they cause in stockbreeding( 畜 牧业 ) ．We find them in the mountain range of Pindos and in forests in the Northern borders of our country.
The Mediterranean seal is the most threatened mammalin Europe.It has disappeared
D 解析：但是这样的失望通常很少， C
．goal B ． casual
C ．new
from the European co asts of the Mediterranean Sea and that ' s why Greece is very importa nt for its protect ion. The main reas ons for its disappeara nee are the damage of its living areas , the killing by fishermen because of the damages it does to their
nets , the lack of food and the pollution of the sea.
An imal in dan ger in Europe is also the wolf.Greece is one of the Europea n coun tries where the wolf seems to be found in a satisfying amount.But still , they are not more than 5OO.The wolf lives in almost the whole mainland, except Peloponnisos from where
it was disappeared duri ng the 40' s decade .I t_also_lives_in_the_m oun tai ns_of_Sterea_Hellas,_but_there_is n '
t_a_permanent_population_the _____
The deer, the biggest vegetarian animal in Greece , is under an immediate danger.Because of the exaggerated（过大的）hunting its populations are minimised and today there are very few left only in the penin sula（半岛）of Sith on ia, the moun tai n range of Rodopi and Parn assos.
1. Where does the brown bear live according to the passage?
A. Sterea Hellas.
B. Sithonia.
C. Easter n Rodopi.
D. Pin dos.
D 解析：由第一段最后一句可知，大棕熊的栖息地在Northern Pin dos和Wester n Rodopi。

2. Which is the biggest vegetarian animal in Greece?
A. The brown bear.
B. The Mediterranean seal.
C. The wolf.
D. The deer.
D解析：由文章最后一段第一句可知，希腊最大的食草动物是鹿。

3. Which of the following is NOT the reason for the Mediterranean seal ' s disappeara nee?
A. The living habits.
B. The damage of its living areas.
C. The killing by the fishermen.
D. The lack of food and the pollution of the sea.
A解析：由第三段第三句可知，地中海海豹消失的主要原因有生存地的破坏，渔民的猎杀以及食物短
缺和海水污染。

4. What can we infer from the underlined sentence in the fourth paragraph?
A. In Sterea Hellas there are still many wolves living there.
Wolves only visit Sterea Hellas at times. In Sterea Hellas people still hunt wolves for furs. In Sterea Hellas wolves live a good life. 解析：由画线句子可知，这些狼只是不时地去那里居住，斯特瑞亚哈拉斯地区的山脉
并不是它们永久的居住地。

Can you believe everything that you read? It seems as if every day articles come out about a new discovery or this or that.For example for you ， or good for
you.The answer depends on which scientific study has just come out.People seem to not be able to decide which food items are healthy ， how the pyramids were constructed ， and why the dinosaurs disappeared.When we look for answers we can find findings from various researchers and scientists.But how trustworthy are they really?
As far back as 1726 ， Johann Beringer was fooled by his fellow scientists into thinking he had made an amazing discovery.The fossils （
化石 ） of spiders ， lizards ，
and even birds with the name of God written on them in Hebrew were unlike anything that had been found before.He wrote several papers on them and was famous for these only to have it revealed that they were planted by jealous colleagues to ruin his reputation.
Whenan early human being called Piltdown man was discovered in 1912，scientists at that time were wild with excitement over the meaning it had for the theory of evolution.There were hundreds of papers written about this Piltdown man over the next fifty years until it was finally discovered to be a complex hoax （
骗局 ） ． The skull
of a man had been mixed with the jawbone of an orangutan （ 猩猩 ） to make the bone of
the Piltdown man.
The next time you read the exciting new findings of a study of the best scientist ， do not automatically assume that it is true.Even qualified people can get it wrong ， either on purpose or not.While we certainly should not ignore scientific research
，
we do need to take it with a grain of salt.Just that it is accepted as the truth today does not mean it will still be trustworthy tomorrow.
【解题导语】 人们由于对许多东西不了解，所以依赖科学家。

然而并非所有的科学研 究成果都是真实可信的。

5． What CANNOT we learn from Paragraph 1? A ． Most pe ople do not totally believe in scientists B ．Scientists still don
' t reach an agreement on how the pyramids were built.
C ． Different scientists have different opinions on the same question.
D ． There are some new discoveries being made public almost every day.
B ．
C ．
D ．
some new
， water is bad theory as before.
A 解析：细节理解题。

根据第一段第二句It seems as if every day，some new articles come out about a new discovery or this or that. 可知D 正确；根据第五、六句可知
B
C 正确，故答案选A。

6．The excited scientists at first thought that the Piltdown man ________ ．
A．was in fact a complex hoax
B．was a great scientific invention
C．would contribute to the theory of evolution
D．would help people learn about orangutans
C 解析：推理判断题。

根据第三段的...scientists at that time were wild with
excitement over the meaning it had for the theory of evolution. 可知C 为正确答案。

7．The author may agree with the idea that _______ ．
A．scientific research is important although there may be wrong findings
B．methods of scientific research should develop with time
C．truths of science will never be out of time
D．only famous scientists are trustworthy
A 解析：推理判断题。

根据最后一段的While we certainly should not ignore
scientific research , we do need to take it with a grain of salt. 可知A项正确。

C
Do you know what to do if you see a bird with a broken wing in your backyard, or a hurt raccoon （浣熊） by the side of the road ？Use your phone!
It ' s never a good idea to touch a wild animal or to try to help one without professional guidance.The animal might be dangerous to you，and you could cause further injury without meaning to.
That's why the wildlife -rescue organization Animal Watch has created a new mobile app.The app helps users find the right solutions for animals that need urgent（紧急的） care.
Animal Help Now uses your phone 's GPS to find where the animal is located.Then the app asks questions about the animal ：Is it wild or raised by humans ？Is it a pet
or a farm animal ？Could the animal put humans in danger?
Based on the location, the time of day, the type of animal, and the injury, Animal Help Nowwill suggest a care provider that 's right for your situation.For wild animals, the app might suggest a nearby rescue facility that specializes in wounded wildlife.Or it might point you to registered care takers who nurse animals that have been hurt in the wild back to health.For pets or farm animals, the app lists the
nearest veterinarians( 兽医) who care for the type of animal that has been injured.
“The app is designed to work even when you don't have cell or Internet access, ” Animal Watch director Dave Crawford tells National Public Radio.
“So whether you' re driving through a remote area on the eastern Colorado plains, hiking a trail in Rocky Mountain National Park, or simply passing through a dead zone on your way to work, you ' ll still be able to immediately find the help you need. ”For now, Animal Help Now works only in Colorado, where Animal Watch is based.But the organization hopes to include information for users across the country.
【解题导语】本文主要介绍了Animal Watch 组织开发的一款手机应用软件，该软件可以通过人们所提供的受伤动物的信息来帮助人们拯救这些动物。

8．If you help injured animals by yourself, you may ______ ．
A．become a danger to them
B．do more harm to them
C．make them become wilder
D．leave them in a dangerous situation
B 解析：细节理解题。

根据第二段第二句可知，假如你自己独自帮助那些受伤的动物的话，你可能无意中对其造成更大的伤害。

故选B。

9．It can be inferred that Animal Help Now is ______ ．
A．an organization B．a website
C．a mobile app D．a company
C 解析：推理判断题。

结合第四段以及第五段的前两句可知，这是一款手机应用软件
(app) 。

10．According to Dave, the app ______ ．
A．can work anywhere in Colorado
B．stops working on your way back
C．includes information across the country
D．needs to have access to the Internet
A 解析：细节理解题。

结合最后两段可知，这个应用软件只要在科罗拉多就能使用。

11．The best title for the passage may be ______ ．
A．Helping the Injured Animals in Time
B．Saving Animals with Your Phone
C. Providing Care for Wild Animals
D. Making a Call to Help Animals
B解析：标题归纳题。

本文主要介绍了An imal Watch组织开发了一款手机应用软件，
该软件可以通过人们所提供的受伤动物的信息来帮助人们拯救这些动物。

故B项作本文标题
最佳。

n书面表达
假设你是李华，正在英国伦敦某高中学习，你得知校学生会正在组织一次外国学生伦敦
一日游活动，你有意参加。

请你发一圭寸电子邮件咨询下列问题：
1.时间；
2 .主要景点；
3 .准备工作。

注意：1.词数100左右，信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2 .可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Chairman ,
Yours sincerely ,
Li Hua One possible vers ion
Dear Chairman ,
Having learned that you are planning to organize a one - day trip around London
for foreig n stude nts, I expect to join in the activity. Thank you for givi ng us the opport un ity to enjoy the beauty of London. But I have someth ing more to con sult you.
First of all, would you please tell me whe n we will start and retur n? Only by
knowing the exact time can I make a decision about whether I can join in it. In addition, I won der what tourist attract ions we will visit. I hope the London Eye and the British Museumare on the list. Were I honored to be given the chanee, what should I prepare?
I ' m looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely ,
Li Hua。