2020-2021学年上海中学高三英语上学期期末考试试卷及参考答案

2020-2021学年上海中学高三英语上学期期末考试试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
People in the Middle Ages did eat with their hands. Personal utensils (餐具) were mostly unheard of, especially forks. There were spoons to help serve, but only special guests would receive a knife from the host. Everyone else would be expected to bring their own. Of course, eating with one's hands can be quite a sticky situation, so towels were provided to help diners stay at least somewhat clean as they ate.
Still, dining was often a messy affair. At special occasions in the wealthiest households, women tended to dine alone, separate from the men. Women were expected to uphold a quality of grace. Eating greasy meat by hand would certainly not help! Once the men and women had finished their meals, they would come together to socialize.
Dietary scholars of the Middle Ages believed that the foods in a meal needed to be served and eaten in order of heaviness. The lightest and most easily digested foods, such as fruits and cheeses, were eaten first to help the digestive (消化) system get started. Once digestion was underway, greens and light meats, such as lettuce, cabbage and chicken, could be eaten. Last came the heavier vegetables and meats, such as carrots, beans, beef, pork, and mutton. This method was considered the most healthful way to eat.
The main and largest meal of the day was supper, and it was eaten at midday. Dinner was a light meal, and many of those in nobility (贵族) -the highest levels of the Middle Ages society-skipped breakfast altogether. Breakfast was considered unnecessary for those who did not perform physical work. Snacks and any other eating during the day were viewed the same way. Commoners, or the working class, were allowed to eat breakfast and small meals throughout the day.
1. What did people in the Middle Ages usually do at the dinner table?
A. They cleaned hands before meals.
B. They used personal utensils.
C. They had to use knives at dinner.
D. They ate mostly with hands.
2. What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A. The order of eating foods.
B. The weight of various foods.
C. The principles of digesting foods.
D. The list of healthy foods.
3. Why did the nobility avoid eating breakfast?
A. Breakfast was wasted for the nobility.
B. Breakfast was viewed as unnecessary.
C. Breakfast was considered as a light meal.
D. Breakfast was saved for commoners.
B
Sonoma County is adding artificial intelligence to its wildfire fighting. The county has entered into an agreement with the South Korean firm Alchera to equip its network of fire-spotting cameras with software that detects wildfire activity and then issues a warning to authorities.
The technology examines past and current images of terrain (地形;地势) and searches for certain changes, such as flames burning in darkness, said Chris Godley, the county’s director of emergency management. But emergency workers will first have to“teach”the system to distinguish between images that show fire smoke, and others that might show clouds, fog etc. The software will use feedback from humans to improve its algorithm(算法) and will eventually be able to detect fires on its own — or at least that’s what county officials hope.
“It’s kind of like learning how to read,”Godley said. “What letters can I put together to make up a word?” The county activated the technology Wednesday and received 16 positive reports of smoke — all of which turned out to be permitted burns, he said. Once a seasonal ban on controlled burns goes into effect in April or May, the county plans to speed up the testing and feedback phase. The hope is that by November, the system will no longer need to be taught and can start providing reliable intelligence. Godley said. “It’s going to take us a while to make sure weget the bugs outand that we really can depend on it because ultimately this is a lifesaving mission.”
The technology is intended to help officials investigate potential fire starts earlier so they can get personnel out to them more quickly and issue necessary warnings. Officials expect other places will adopt it if the technology is successful, particularly because it plugs into the camera network that’s already in place statewide.
“We ultimately believe its potential could be realized in a year or two,” Godley said. “And it could really have
a dramatic impact here in California.”
4. What does the system first have to do before being put into work?
A. Equip its network of fire-spotting cameras with software.
B. Learn to tell between images of fire smoke and other pictures.
C. Use feedbacks to improve its ability to detect fire independently.
D. Examine images of the terrain and search for any possible changes.
5. What do local officials expect the technology to accomplish?
A. Be able to make positive reports of smoke.
B. Be able to control seasonal burns in the area.
C. Help them spot potential fire starts as soon as possible.
D. Learn how to distinguish pictures of flames from clouds.
6. What does the underlined part in paragraph 3 mean?
A. kill all the bugs.
B. get rid of mistakes
C. provide reliable information
D. speed up testing process
7. What does the author mainly intend to tell us?
A. AI is creating a dramatic impact in California.
B. AI is applied to monitor terrains in California.
C. A new tool to help detect wildfire in California.
D. A new way to put an end to wildfire in California.
C
We all know that a healthy lifemeans getting both plenty of exercise and enough good-quality sleep, but reality often gets in the way. The new research indicates that doing enough exercise could make up for some of the unhealthy impacts of bad sleep. While the health benefits of exercise and sleep are nothing new, it's the relationship between them that is interesting in this particular study — it could even give doctors another option to suggest for patients dealing with sleep problems.
“We found those who had both the poorest sleep quality and who exercised the least were most at risk of death from heart disease, stroke, and cancer,” says epidemiologist Bo-Huei Huang, from the University of Sydney in Australia.
Participants were grouped into three levels of physical activity (high, medium or low) and were also given a sleep quality score from 0-5 based on the amount of shut-eye they got, how late they stayed up, insomnia, snoring and daytime sleepiness.
Those with the highest risk of dying from cancer or heart disease during the study period were those with the worst quality sleep and who didn't meet the WHO recommended guidelines for exercise. That risk went down for
people with poor quality sleep but who did meet the exercise guidelines.
In the case of all forms of cancer, for example, those at the unhealthiest end of the sleep and exercise scale had a 45 percent higher risk of dying from cancer than those with good sleep scores who kept physically active. However, that risk just about disappeared for those who didn't score well on sleep but did score well on physical activity.
For now it's not clear why more exercise might make up for poor sleep, as far as our health goes. It could be that the increased activity iscounteractinginflammation (炎症), or reducing irregularities in glucose metabolism, suggest the researchers.
“Considering that physical activity is perhaps more modifiable than sleep, our study offers people more health incentives to be physically active.” says population health researcher Emmanuel Stamatakis, from the University of Sydney.
8. This research is of particular interest in that ________.
A. it’s in this study that exercise is known to be beneficial to sleep.
B. this study offers people more health treatments to be physical active.
C. it could enable doctors to cure patients of their sleeping condition.
D. the relationship between exercise and sleep is updated in this study.
9. Which of the following statements istrueaccording to the passage?
A. Those who had the poorest sleep quality were most at risk of death from heart disease.
B. Those scoring lowest on sleep and exercise scale were more likely to die from cancer.
C. There’s no risk of cancer for those who didn't sleep well but did score well on physical activity.
D. It's evident that in terms of health more exercise could make up for poor sleep.
10. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 6 mean?
A. interacting
B. increasing
C. preventing
D. causing
11. Where can this passage most probably be taken from?
A. A research findings report
B. A medical examination report
C. A poor sleep study report
D. A physical activity study report
D
Sometimes people make history. George Washington became the first president of theUnited Statesand made history. Sometimes wars make history. The two World Wars are examples. Sometimes nature even becomes part of history. Shaking earthquakes are recorded in history books.
Sixteen years ago, nature caused just such a history-making event. In September 2005, Hurricane Katrina came ashore inNew Orleans,Louisiana. The deadly storm floodedNew Orleans. Before Katrina, no other big American city had ever flooded in the history of the country. This natural disaster caused great harm and death.
New Orleansis located below sea level. This location places it at great risk. Levees were built to protectNew Orleansfrom the ocean. (A levee is like a wall between the city and the ocean.) When Hurricane Katrina came ashore, water moved over the levees into the city. Flooding made it necessary for everyone to leave the city. Before Katrina, Creole food (a special kind of cooking only inLouisiana) filled the air with delicious smells. The sound of jazz music traveled through the streets. Now the city has to return to its former glory.
Before Katrina, ernment had never made everyone leave a city. People inNew Orleanshad to find shelter quickly. Some had to stay at theSuperdomeSportsCenter. Some rode on buses to other towns. Thousands drove their cars to get away from the storm. The roads and shelters filled up fast.
The lesson learned from Katrina was that cities must be better prepared for big storms and other terrible disasters caused by nature. Being prepared might have kept more people safe. Hurricane Katrina is one of the history-making events that will be remembered forever. Today, history is still being made that will shape the future.
12. What does the author tell us aboutNew Orleans?
A. It was built above sea level.
B. It had few jazz musicians after Katrina.
C. It was the firstU.S.city that had been flooded.
D. It created a wholly new way to cook after Katrina.
13. What can we say about the levees?
A. They were almost useless for fighting Katrina.
B. They helped people leaveNew Orleansquickly.
C. They made NewOrleansa special American city.
D. They should be built to match the size ofNew Orleans.
14. What might the author advise city governments to do?
A. Put up more shelters in the city.
B. Build more levees around the city.
C. Teach people how to avoid floods.
D. Try to get ready for natural disasters.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A. Storms are dangerous
B. Katrina makes history
C. Floods shapeLouisiana
D. History must be remembered
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项Memories are important, but as we age our memory declines. The good news is that scientists have been learning more about our brain’s amazing ability to change and grow, even in old age.___16___ Learn something new.
Memorystrength is like muscular strength. The more you use it, the stronger it gets. But you can’t lift the same size weight every day and expect to get stronger. You’ll need to keep your brain constantly challenged.___17___
Repeat and retrieve(找回).
When you learn new information, you’re more likely to record that information if it’s repeated. Repeat what you hear out loud.___18___Write it down and read it aloud. But the work doesn’t stop there. You’ll need to try to retrieve the information without looking at it later. Testing yourself to retrieve the information is better than repeated studying.
Drink water.
Water acts as a shock absorber for the brain.___19___A small amount of dehydration(脱水) can have disastrous (灾难性的) effects. Mild dehydration has been shown to cause brain shrinkage and memory damage. Aim for at least eight to ten glasses per day.
___20___
Another common mistake is relying on the GPS every time you drive. Researchers found relying on response techniques for navigation shrinks a part of our brain. Try to get to your destination using your brain. Perhaps use GPS to get there, but use your brain to get back home. Your brain will thank you for the extra challenge.
A. Lose the GPS.
B. Try using it in a sentence.
C. Don’t turn toGoogle right away.
D. It helps our brain cells use nutrients.
E. Learning a new skill is an excellent way.
F. Research shows that repetition is an ineffective learning tool.
G. The following are some effective methods for improving memory.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项Many little kids dream of changing the world, but how does someone so____21____make a difference to a place so big? This 5-year-old boy from the UK may have found a____22____.
Toby is reaching out to every country through letters. He’s___23___to contact at least one person from each country --and get a____24____. Toby’s mission began with a___25___assignment from school. His mother, Sabine, said.
He was asked to read a book called A Letter to New Zealand, which____26____the journey a letter takes.____27____reading it, he asked, “Mummy, can I write a letter to New Zealand?” And while I was still trying to____28____how to answer that, he said, “Can I write a letter to the____29____world?”
At first she thought his_____30_____for the project would_____31_____, but 239 letters later, Toby is still going strong._____32_____he’s written to 187 countries and received many replies. But Toby’s project won’t_____33_____there. The 5-year-old also wants to find a way to help the people he’s_____34_____with.
“When we started writing letters, we_____35_____with easily accessible First World countries,” his mother added. “Suddenly, we got a(n)_____36_____in Somalia. When we researched the country, Toby was_____37_____and asked what he could do to help. Together, we_____38_____a charity whose work was accessible to children.”
Toby chose the ShelterBox, a charity that provides for families and children who have_____39_____everything due to disasters. Just today, Toby met his_____40_____of raising $ 950. “I want the world to be a better place,”Toby said.
21. A. small B. noisy C. lovely D. clever
22. A. partner B. skill C. friend D. way
23. A. careful B. determined C. satisfied D. proud
24. A. response B. story C. permit D. result
25. A. speaking B. writing C. listening D. reading
26. A. begins B. describes C. explains D. completes
27. A. Until B. Before C. After D. Despite
28. A. show B. understand C. prepare for D. figure out
29. A. free B. new C. whole D. other
30. A. support B. concern C. enthusiasm D. sympathy
31. A. return B. spread C. fade D. develop
32. A. After all B. However C. So far D. Therefore
33. A. pass B. end C. apply D. expand
34. A. connected B. stayed C. played D. competed
35. A. kicked off B. negotiated C. worked D. caught up
36. A. idea B. address C. question D. deal
37. A. scared B. excited C. happy D. sad
38. A. looked for B. set up C. headed for D. dropped into
39. A. requested B. lost C. recorded D. provided
40. A. standard B. match C. challenge D. goal
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Members of the post-1990 generation apply____41.____ various positions and hold high expectations of the jobs. They are particular about jobs and it is common for them____42.____ (break) appointments for job interviews.
The only child is the characteristic of most families since 1990. His or her living condition has____43.____(great) improved from that of the post-1980 and post-1970 generations. They don’t experience much pressure in life so they pay closer attention to personal preferences and interests when____44.____（hunt）for a job.
They don’t care about the amount of money they make.____45.____, the working environment, the happiness they get from their work and respect from others are the first three things____46.____matter most.
As the saying goes, second____47.____(think) are the best. The post-1990 generation does not think twice about leaving in their first year of work. If they lose interest in a job or are not clear about their future career path, they____48.____(give ) up easily.
Members of the generation are also self-centered They want more time for____49.____(they) and are not willing to work overtime. Their attitude to life is more casual.
This generation is very sensitive and has a lot of self-respect,______50.______the employers need to be concerned about their temperaments（性情）and ways of communication.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作九文中共有10处语言错
误,每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的的增加、删除、或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(Λ，并在其下面写上该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。

注意：1.每次错误以及修改仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

As we can see, some students in our school are in poor health, what deserves our attention. It is obvious that poor health is close related to bad living habits. Some students stay up late doing their homework and playing with their mobile phones. As result, they have difficulty concentrating on our lessons in class . Some students don't have a balanced diet. They always eat snacks instead of having healthy meal. Besides, some students never take exercise, which lead to weight problems.
It is time to reflecting on our way of life. Let's develop good living habits to keep fit. By having enough sleep, eat a balanced diet and taking regular exercise, we can live in healthily and happily.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之成为一篇完整的短文。

In old Paris, a cobbler used to live and make and mend shoes and sing songs. He was a very happy cobbler, singing all day long and keeping time with his hammer or his needle. Up one stair, there lived a very rich man, so rich that he could not sleep at night for trying to count his money, and keep it safe.
So this rich man lay awake all night and always fell asleep in the morning. But no sooner had he fallen asleep than he was awakened again. It was not his money that wakened him this time; it was the cobbler, who was sitting at his door sewing away, and singing as happily as a bird.
The rich man went to a friend and said, "I can't sleep at night for thinking of my money, and I can't sleep in the morning for listening to that cobbler's singing. What am I to do?” This friend was a wise man, and gave him a plan. The next evening, while the cobbler was singing away as usual, the rich man came down with a bag filled with something that jingled（叮当作响）.
“Here, cobbler," said the rich man, “I have brought you a present of a hundred crowns（克朗，旧时货币名称）,because you're always so happy.”
The cobbler was surprised though, he took the money and thanked the rich man. He had never seen so much money in his life before, but somehow he felt worried if the crowns might be stolen by someone. So he went into the darkest part of his house to count the crowns, and hid the bag in the bottom of the bed. Two or three times
every hour he went in to see whether the bag was all right, for he was afraid of somebody taking his money. When his wife asked him what was the matter with him, he became angry and shouted at her, a thing he had never done before.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

A change had come over the cobbler.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _
The cobbler missed the old happy days. So he made up mind what to do.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _
参考答案
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. B
5. C
6. B
7. C
8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A
12. C 13. A 14. D 15. B
16. G 17. E 18. B 19. D 20. A
21. A 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. C 31. C 32.
C 33. B 34. A 35. A 36. B 37.
D 38. A 39. B 40. D
41. for
42. to break
43. greatly
44. hunting
45. Instead##However
46. that 47. thoughts
48. will give
49. themselves
50. so
51.(1).what→which
(2).close→closely
(3).and→or
(4).As后面加上a
(5).our→ their
(6).meal →meals
(7).lead→leads
(8).reflecting→reflect
(9).eat →eating
(10).去掉in
52.略。