which引导的定语从句的用法

which引导的定语从句的用法
which可以引导定语从句，修饰表示事物的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或者表语。

例如： He was reading a book, which was about war. 他正在读一本关于战争的书。

（关系代词which 在修饰book的定语从句中充当主语。

）
He was reading a book, which he had bought from London. 他正在读一本书，这本书是从伦敦买回来的。

（关系代词which在修饰book的定语从句中充当宾语。

）
which引导非限定性定语从句时有一个特殊用法，即它所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰主句中更多的部分甚至整个主句（这时被定语从句所修饰的“先行词”要作广义理解）， which仍在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。

例如：
He set free the birds happily， which was a celebration for his success. 他开心地把鸟放了，这是对他成功的一种庆祝。

把非限定性定语从句“which was a celebration for his success”的先行词视为主句中的“the birds”显然不符合整句的语境，被“which was a celebration for his success”所修饰的是整个主句， which所引导的这类特殊的非限定性定语从句对主句所叙述的情况进行某种意义的补充说明， which常可译为“这一点，这件事”。

［考题1］ You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre, ____ is always busy at the weekend. （2006上海春）
A. that
B. where
C. what
D. which
［答案］ D
［解析］引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰the shopping centre，应选用D选项中的关系代词which， which在该定语从句中充当主语。

［考题2］ York, ____ last year, is a nice old city. （2003北京）
A. that I visited
B. which I visited
C. where I visited
D. in which I visited
［答案］ B
［解析］引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰York，在定语从句中充当及物动词visit的宾语，应选用B选项中的关系代词which。

［考题3］ He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. （1990）
A. these
B. those
C. that
D. which
［答案］ D
［解析］引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰windows，在定语从句中充当介词of的宾语，应选用D选项中的关系代词which。

［考题4］ The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, ____ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. （2006江苏）
A. who
B. that
C. as
D. which
［答案］ D
［解析］引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰整个主句“the owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running”所表示的情况，应选用C选项中的关系代词which，在该定语从句中充当主语。

［考题5］ Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course, made the others unhappy. （2000）
A. who
B. which
C. this
D. what
［答案］ B
［解析］引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰整个主句“Dorothy was always speaking highly
of her role in the play”所表示的情况，应选用B选项中的关系代词which，在该定语从句中充当主语。

［考题6］ The result of the experiment was very good, ____ we hadn’t expected. （2000北京、安徽春）
A. when
B. that
C. which
D. what
［答案］ C
［解析］引导一个非限定性定语从句修饰整个主句“the result of the experiment was very good”所表示的情况，应选用C选项中的关系代词which，在该定语从句中充当及物动词expect的宾语。

［考题7］ The English play ____ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. （2004）
A. for which
B. at which
C. in which
D. on which
［答案］ C
［解析］表示“在英语剧中”应用介词in，因此在修饰先行词play的限定性定语从句中也应用介词in与指代先行词play的关系代词which连用，本题只能选C。

注意：本题中which充当置于定语从句中最前面的介词in的宾语（in which在整个定语从句中充当状语）。

［考题8］ I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction ____ she had come. （2006重庆）
A. of which
B. by which
C. in which
D. from which
［答案］ D
［解析］表示“从他来的方向跑回去”，应选用介词from。

下划线处是引导修饰direction 的定语从句。

［考题9］ Frank’s dream was to have his own shop ____ to produce the workings of his own hands. （2005湖南）
A. that
B. in which
C.by which
D.how
［答案］ B
［解析］题干句意为： Frank的梦想是拥有一家可以生产自己的手工制品的商店。

in which 相当于in the shop的含义，最适合引导定语从句。

［考题10］ I was given three books on cooking, the first ____ I really enjoyed. （2006浙江）
A. of that
B. of which
C. that
D. which
［答案］ B
［解析］ of which表示the first of three books的含义，介词of不可以省略， that
不可以紧跟介词后引导定语从句，因此应选B。

［考题11］ He was educated at a local grammar school, ____ he went on to Cambridge. （2005山东）
A. from which
B. after that
C. after which
D. from this
［答案］ C
［解析］ this不能引导定语从句修饰前面的school，介词后的关系代词不能是that（“考点72： that引导的定语从句的用法”中将有此考点的具体介绍），因此应排除选项B和D；由于此处which 指代前面整个主句，全句意为“他在当地的一所语法学校接受教育之后，又去了剑桥。

”，介词应选用 after，因此应进一步排除选项A而选出C。