2021届上海市光明高级中学高三英语第四次联考试题及答案解析

2021届上海市光明高级中学高三英语第四次联考试题及答案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Amid the coronavirus outbreak, the U. S. Department of Homeland Security recommends having at least a two - week supply of water and food.
Potatoes
Shelf life：2 to 5 weeks if stored in a cool, dry, dark place
Yukon Gold, red, and fingerling potatoes will last from two to three weeks. Larger white potatoes can last for three to five weeks. Sweet potatoes have about the same shelf life. Don't store them next to onions, however. The two might go together well in cooking, but raw, each gives off gases and moisture that might cause the other to spoil faster.
Tea
※Shelf life：6 to 12 months past "sell - by" date
Dried tea leaves, whether loose (in a sealed container) or in teabags (in an unopened box) can easily last a year or more if they' re not subjected to damp or humidity. However, the tea does tend to lose flavor over time.
Peanuts
● Shelf life：1 to 2 months
Peanuts in their shell, especially when kept cool and dry, are perfectly happy in the cupboard for as long as two months.
Canned fruits and vegetables
● Shelf life：1 to 2 years past "sell - by” date
Canningis an extremely efficient means of preserving food. Generally speaking, if canned foods aren't subjected to extreme heat, their contents should stay good for two years or more. Be aware, however, of dented cans or those with swollen tops, which may indicate the presence of bacteria inside.
1. Which can go bad faster if stored with onions?
A. Potatoes.
B. Tea.
C. Peanuts.
D. Canned fruits and vegetables.
2. What is special about tea?
A. The flavor of tea can always remain the same.
B. Tea leaves are better to be preserved in an open jar.
C. Tea leaves should be kept away from the state of being wet.
D. The maximum length of time that tea can be stored is 6 months.
3. What may shorten the "sell - by” date of canned foods ?
A. Shapes of cans.
B. Categories of foods.
C. Decline of the temperature.
D. Exposure to high temperature.
B
It’s a big change from homeless teen to Yale (耶鲁)medical school student, butperseverancepaid off for Chelesa Fearce of Clayton County, Georgia.
Fearce was a fourth grader when her mom was diagnosed (诊断) with Lymphoma (淋巴瘤).That began a hard time for the family. They had to move in and out of shelters,hotels and even the family car.
“I know I have been made stronger. I was homeless. My family slept on the floor and we were lucky if we got more than one full meal a day. Getting a shower, food and clean clothes was an everyday struggle,” Fearce said in a speech she gave at her high school graduation ceremony. Fearce overcame her day-to-day struggles by focusing on a better day. “I just told myself to keep working, because the future will not be like this anymore. And that helped me get through,” she told WSBTV.
Fearce was determined to be a good role model for her younger sister. She found inspiration in her late grandmother, struggling with deadly diseases, who gave Fearce emotional support. In her junior and senior year, Fearce took both high school and college courses, missing out on the free meals she depended on so she could get to her college classes. Despite having to use her cellphone to study after the shelter lights were turned off at night, she not only graduated as valedictorian (毕业生代表) of her 2013 class with a 4.5 grade average, but was also given a ride scholarship—including a meal plan to Spelman College in Atlanta.
After graduation, she worked full time for two years at the National Institutes for Health inBethesda,Maryland,doing research on drugs. Last fall, she entered Yale and set a course to earn both a PhD and medical degree.
4. What does the underlined word “perseverance” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. instant passion.
B. continuous efforts.
C. great patience.
D. selfless ambitions.
5. How did Fearce feel facing the sufferings?
A. Sad and disappointed.
B. Stressed and defeated.
C. Determined and confident.
D. Joyous and contented.
6. What can we know about Fearce’s learning experience?
A. Her grandma encouraged her to study medicine.
B. Her high school offered her free meals and courses.
C. She failed to study late due to frequent power cut.
D. She gained remarkable high school achievement.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. From Homeless to Yale
B. Meet American’s Top Girl
C. Disabled but not Defeated
D. Chelesa Fearce: A Girl of Many Talents
C
If you easily make mistakes when in a hurry, a new study from Michigan State University—the largest of its kind to date-found that meditation (冥想) could help you improve the situation.
The research tested how open monitoring meditation (OMM)—or, meditationthat focuses awareness on feelings or thoughts as they unfold in one’s mind and body—alteredbrain activity in a way that suggested increased error recognition.
“People’s interest in meditation is outpacing what science can prove in terms of effects and benefits.” said Jeff Lin, MSU psychology doctoral candidate and study co-author. “But it’s amazing to me that we were able to see how one session of a guided meditation could produce changes to brain activity in non-meditators.”
“Some forms of meditation have you focus on a single object, commonly your breath, but open monitoring meditation is a bit different,” Lin said, “It has you tune inward and pay attention to everything going on in your mind and body. The goal is to sit quietly and pay close attention to where the mind travels without getting too caught up in the scenery.”
Lin and his MSU co-authors—William Eckerle, Ling Peng and Jason Moser—hired more than 200 participants to test how open monitoring meditation affected how people detect and respond toerrors.
The participants, who had never meditated before, were taken through a 20-minute open monitoring meditation exercise while the researchers measured brain activity through electroencephalography (脑电图), or EEG. Then, they completed a computerized distraction (分心) test.
“The EEG can measure brain activity at the millisecond level, so we got precise measures of brain activity right after mistakes compared to correct responses,” Lin said. “A certain neural signal occurs about half a second after an error called the error positivity, which is linked to conscious error recognition. We found that the strength of this signal is increased in the meditators to controls.”
“These findings show what just 20 minutes of open monitoring meditation can do to improve the brain’s ability to detect and pay attention to mistakes,” Moser said.
8. What does the underlined word “altered” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Changed.
B. Prevented.
C. Started.
D. Recorded.
9. Why is open monitoring meditation different?
A. It is just aimed at a single object.
B. It clears your mind of everything.
C. It gets too caught up in the scenery.
D. It focuses on where the mind travels.
10. What did the researchers do for the study
A. They hired people who had meditated before.
B. They measured the participants’ brain activity.
C. They reminded the participants to avoid errors.
D. They had non-meditators design a distraction test.
11. What is the best title for the text?
A. Turn to OMM to Avoid Acting in a Hurry
B. You’re Able to Recognize Errors Consciously
C. Meditators’ Brain Proves Much More Active
D. OMM Can Help You Make Fewer Mistakes
D
Addiction to smartphones will result in poor sleep, according to a new study.
The study, published Tuesday in Frontiers in Psychiatry, looked at smartphone use among 1,043 students between the ages of 18 and 30at King's College London. Researchers asked the students to complete two questionnaires on their sleep quality and smartphone use, in person and online.
Using a 10-question scale that was developed to judge smartphone addiction in children, nearly 40% of the university students qualified as "addicted" to smartphones, the study found. “Our findings are in agreement with other reported studies in young adult populations globally, which are in the range of 30-45%,” lead author Sei Yon Sohn and her co-authors wrote in the study. "Later time of use was also significantly connected with smartphone addiction, with use after 1 a.m. increasing a 3- times risk," the authors wrote.
Students who reported high use of smartphones also reported poor sleep quality, the study found. That foils in line with previous studies that have found overuse of smartphones at night to be associated with trouble falling
asleep, reduced sleep duration (睡眠持续时间)and daytime tiredness. That's likely because use of smartphones close to bedtime has been shown to delay the body's normal sleep - and - wake clock.
In fact, the No. 1 rule is "no computers, cell phones, and ipads in bed and at least one hour beforebed Dr. Vsevolod Polotsky, who directs sleep basic research, said in a recent interview. That's because "any LED light source from electronics (电子设备)may further hold back melatonin (褪黑激素)levels," Polotsky said. Melatonin is often referred to as a "sleep hormone," because we sleep better during the night when levels reach the top.
“This is a cross-sectional study, and it cannot lead to any firm conclusions about smartphone use as the cause of reduced sleep quality, said Bob Patton, a lecturer in clinical psychology at the University of Surrey, via email.
12. How did Sei Yon Sohn's team begin their study?
A. By publishing researching papers.
B. By responding to others’ concern.
C. By collecting firsthand data.
D. By turning to related experts.
13. What did the study find about sleep quality and smartphone use?
A. 30-45% of the university students are addicted to smartphones.
B. High use of smartphones is related to poor sleep quality.
C. Overuse of smartphones leads to shorter sleep duration.
D. Use after 1 a.m. will result in smartphone addiction.
14. What is Polotsky's opinion on electronics ?
A. We should stop using them an hour before going to sleep.
B. LED light source from them will delay normal sleep- and- wake clock.
C. Reduced sleep quality has nothingto do with them.
D. No electronics should be used in bed at any time.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Say No to Smartphones
B. Sleep Quality Can Be Improved
C. LED Light Source Causes Great Harm
D. Smartphone Addiction Ruins Sleep
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项
Tips on Learning a New Language Before Travelling
Whenever you travel to a foreign place, it is helpful knowing a bit of the local language.____16____But
speaking the local language shows you care and it will help you mix with the locals easily. To learn a language, you do not have to take full time classes. You can follow some of the tips to pick up some basics quickly before that trip.
Practise. The more you study the language, the better.____17____Think of it like learning an instrument or training for a marathon. The amount of time you'll need depends on the language you're learning, how often you practice and your learning style.
___18___One good way to practise is to use the language you’re learning. And who is better to speak a language with than a native speaker who can train you better and correct your mistakes? Find one on the internet or in real life and strike a conversation with them. There are some free language exchange websites where you can find native speakers to practise with._____19_____
Download a language app. Your app store offers a vast amount of options for language learning. Apps like Google Translate, Duolingo, Bilingual or Hi Native can help you to learn languages quickly._____20_____But they are not necessarily the best choice if you're short on time and trying to master the basics. They can also help a lot when you're struggling to communicate while on vacation.
A. Speak to native speakers.
B. Constantly use the language.
C. You can also find a private class to attend.
D. Trips can help make the process fun and easy.
E. Learning a language doesn't happen overnight.
F. Those apps can help you learn the language effectively.
G. You may not know how to pronounce the words correctly.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
完形填空(共20小题;每小题21.5分,满分30分)
As I head down the narrow hallway of my high school, my ears are filled with the sounds of complaints. The___21___around me are constantly complaining about school. These complaints fill the___22___and make it hard to breathe. I try to mention the___23___side of our current situation in high school but meet with criticism. The feeling of___24___school has become widespread among students worldwide. This can create a___25___educational environment. In my opinion, school is and should be fun.
I don’t___26___to enter such a negative environment. We should enjoy school! As students, we are
so___27___to have the opportunity to attend school___28___millions of children around the world still do not have that opportunity. We should feel grateful that we are given the___29___to learn. School allows us to____30____some of the most interesting topics from science to foreign languages. High school allows students to find their____31____whether they are physics or European history.____32____, school has allowed me to find my love for debate, history, English and computers. High school has shaped me into a person of____33____interests and ambitions, even though I must____34____at 6 o’clock in the morning.
As students, we should____35____all the wonderful opportunities we are given in school____36____social events, meeting new friends, and learning. I have met so many____37____people in school. There is so much to be____38____in school.
Lighten up and find the positive aspects of school.____39____school and everything it has____40____.
22. A. teachers B. students C. parents D. friends
23. A. ear B. room C. water D. air
24. A. special B. successful C. bright D. lively
25. A. hating B. improving C. replacing D. ignoring
26. A. specific B. frightening C. strange D. negative
27. A. plan B. adopt C. want D. need
28. A. lucky B. brave C. allergic D. healthy
29. A. when B. while C. because D. though
30. A. time B. reason C. money D. chance
31. A. learn B. remember C. predict D. consider
32. A. lectures B. concerns C. interests D. instructions
33. A. Instantly B. Personally C. Formally D. Basically
34. A. conventional B. perfect C. lifelong D. various
35. A. wake up B. give up C. slow down D. calm down
36. A. create B. classify C. recognize D. allow
37. A. besides B. including C. among D. regarding
38. A. honest B. abstract C. delicate D. outstanding
39. A. careful about B. curious about C. grateful for D. ready for
40. A. Protect B. Enjoy C. Respect D. Examine
41. A. offered B. promised C. gained D. possessed
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Taking a shower is relaxing. You can hum a song, daydream or think about nothing, leaving the real world behind you. But do you know that showering___41.___also benefit your mind?
A research by Scott Barry Kaufman, a psychologist fromYaleUniversityin theUSinterviewed over 3,000 people around the world.___42.___turned out that nearly two-thirds of the interviewees said they experienced new ideas in the shower and were more likely to have them in the shower than at work. So why does a simple shower have such magic power? Science can explain it.
Showering can help to raise our level of dopamine, a hormone___43.___(relate) to our creativity. “People___44.___(vary) in terms of their level of creativity according to the activity of dopamine”, explained Alice Flaherty, a famous American neuroscientist. “Taking a warm shower can make us feel relaxed and therefore make the dopamine level rise and bring ‘Aha!' moment to us.”
___45.___the chemical changes, showering may give you a break from what you feel you have been stuck with. Especially when you___46.___(think) hard all day about a problem, jumping into the shower can keep you from the outside world so that you can focus on your inner feelings and memories. In this way, according to American psychologist Shelley H. Carson, author of Your Creative Brain, “a showering hour may turn into an ‘incubation (孵化) period’ for your ideas.”
Compared with sitting in front of a computer, taking a shower is something we do___47.___(frequently) in our daily life. When showering, we get a fresh experience with the change of location, temperature and humidity. “New and unexpected experiences can lead to positive changes in thinking,” explained Kaufman. “Getting off the couch and jumping in the shower may create a distance and force you to think from a new perspective.”
Showering allows us to enjoy the creative juices of our minds, but it needn't just be in the bathroom that you get your inspiration. For instance, Gertrude Stein,___48.___female American writer and poet, got new ideas by driving around a farm and stopping at different cows___49.___she found the one that mostinspired her. So try to create your own way to free your mind,____50.____it's a walk near the ocean, a country drive or reading a book at home.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(※)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意:1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。

只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分
Our class went mountain-climbing last week. Leading by our teacher, thirty of us started out trip. It was a nice day and the air was fresh, what made the trip more pleasant. We were chatting and laughing as we left our destination. I fall behind twice on the way, but with the encouragement of my classmates, I finally caught up with us and reached the top. Although we felt tiring, we thought it was meaningful. The experience brought us close to the nature and made us free from heavy schoolworks for a while. Additional, it increased the friendship among us. Seen our positive changes, our head teacher was also satisfied.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Walter John was a 20-year-old college student from Homewood, Alabama. As a young man in college far away from home, he didn’t have much money. He had to work part-time to cover his living costs.
Recently he gave up his part-time job in the fast-food business and found a new one at a home-moving company called Bellhops. The pay for his new job was higher, and John gained more flexibility with his hours, which allowed him to focus on his studies a bit more. He wanted to do everything he could to secure this new employment opportunity, so he thought he had to try his best to make sure that everything would go well on his first day!
But sometimes, life hits you unexpectedly. A day before John began his new job, his car broke down! With little money to his name, he couldn’t have his car repaired at the garage. None of his friends were able to take him to work. What was worse, the public transportation was not running at his working time. If he took a taxi, it would cost him half his salary.
Therefore, he decided to walk to the company.
In order to get there by six in the morning, he thought that the safest way would be to leave at midnight. John even challenged himself to arrive there one hour earlier. Even though it seemed like such a far walk, John knew he was fit enough to do it. This was challenging, but John knew it was possible.
He grabbed his wallet and his phone and left his apartment. As soon as he stepped out of the door, he realized that walking alone in the dark at midnight can be dangerous. Moreover, he had to walk through a large wood as well as many blocks of the city. Therefore, he went back to take a bat (球棒) and a kitchen knife for safety purposes. In case a wild animal or some bad person attacked him, at least he would have something for protection.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右：
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Finally John started his long walk.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________
At that time, a car was drawing closer.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. B
5. C
6. D
7. A
8. A 9. D 10. B 11. D
12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D
16. G 17. E 18. A 19. C 20. F
21. B 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. C 32.
B 33. D 34. A 35.
C 36. B 37.
D 38. C 39. B 40. A
41. can 42. It
43. related 44. vary
45. Besides 46. have thought/have been thinking
47. less frequently
48. a 49. until
50. whether
51.(1). Leading→Led
(2). what→which
(3). left后加for
(4). fall→fell
(5). us→them
(6). tiring→tired
(7).去掉the
(8). schoolworks→schoolwork
(9). Addtional→Additionally
(10). Seen→Seeing
52.略。