[英语学习]翻译理论与实践

2. The Relationship between Translation Theory and Techniques (Practice)
Those who can, translate; those who can't, teach translation; those who can't teach translation, teach translation theory. Those who can, write; those who cannot, translate; those who cannot translate, write about translation.
See TB P19
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The definition is:
Translation is a rendering from one language into another, i.e., the faithful representation in one language of what is written or said in another language.
The Relationship between Translation Theory and Techniques
• Translation theory refers to the laws to help people to understand the laws and solve different kinds of problems in translation, while translation techniques refer to the experience people have accumulated in their practice of translation. Techniques are important, but they are not panacea. Different kinds of materials to be translated require different stresses in their rendition. For example, scientific materials stress their preciseness, novels and stories, their plots and characters, etc. We must master the translation theory to guide our translation work. (the teacher’s opinion) • In the point view of Eugene A. Nida, the famous American translator, “translation practice without an adequate theory produces only haphazard results, while theory without practice is completely sterile” (Nida, 1969).
Alexander Fraser Tytler:
• A good translation is one which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which that language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work.
来稿邮箱： rendition2009@
1. What is translation? (翻译的定义)
The Oxford English Dictionary: to turn from one language into another (从一种语言转换成另一种语言); Webster’s third New International Dictionary of the English Language: to turn into one’s own or another language (转换成本族语或另一种语言)。 翻译是一种“语言转换”活动。
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• (缺少理论指导的翻译是随意的翻译 , 离开实践的理论 是毫无根据用处的理论。)
3. Scope of Translation
in terms of languages: in terms of the mode: in terms of materials to be translated: in terms of disposal: (full-text translation, abridged translation, adapted translation)
• 好的翻译应该是把原作的长处完全地移注到另一 种语言，以使译人语所属国家的本地人能明白地领悟、 强烈地感受，如同使用原作语言的人所领悟、所感受 的一样。(泰特勒，1790)
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Difference Message Art
翻译理论与实践
Course Description & Requirements
Description:
This course named Translation Theory and Practice aims at cultivating the SS’ ability of translating between EC —they have the ability to understand and master some basic theories and techniques about translation. E.g. the brief history of Chinese and western translation theory, the differences between E and C, the eight basic techniques in translation, some methods to deal with the special sentences, etc. In a word, the SS will have the first impression to English language and Chinese, and through these discussions they will have a higher ability in their English writing.
推荐网站
1. 中国翻译协会
2. 传神社区
3. 众译网
4. 翻译中国
5. 正方翻译论坛
推荐期刊
1. 《中国翻译》 中国翻译协会 主办
2. 《上海翻译》
上海科技翻译学会 主办
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课堂简报——《译文》
课堂简报——《译文》
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To be more exact, in Nida’s & Tytler’s words：
美国翻译理论家Eugene A. Nida：
• Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. • （所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最切近而又 自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先在语 义上，其次在文体上。)
1.按语言分类： 语内翻译（intralingual translation） 语际翻译（interlingual translation） 2. 按活动形式分类： 笔译（translation） 口译（oral interpretation）： 连续传译（consecutive I） 同声传译（simultaneous I）
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综合各家之长: (Sum Up)
• 翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种 语言传达出来，以达到沟通思想情感、 传播文化知识、促进社会文明，特别是 推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。 • Translation is an activity of reproducing in one language the ideas which have been expressed in another language.
孙艺风：《视角、阐释、文化》
‚接吻经验谈，有助于提高接吻质 量，但在理论上谈接吻，情形会大不一 样。在这方面，伊格尔顿打的一个比方 很说明问题：‘如果你狠劲儿琢磨该怎 样去吻一个人，准保弄得一塌糊涂。’‛
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尤金· 奈达(Eugene Nida)：
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提高方法：
1. 翻译理论+翻译技巧+翻译实践 研究有关翻译的论述，弄懂翻译的基本问题。 （阅读理论著作；专题论文；翻译教材；译品的前言后语） 2. 研究译作范本 (See TB P4) 从中摸索翻译的规律和技巧，对比不同译本的处理和效果。 研究典型译例，注意翻译技巧的说明和译句的得失，为翻译 实践打好基础 3. 不断进行翻译实践 （1） 依照词语---句子---段落---语篇的顺序； （2） 选择不同题材和体裁的练习材料； Tips： （3） 难易循序渐进； •Read more; （4） 译文反复修改，不断提高译文质量； •Practice more; （5） 选择有参考译文的文本，进行对比学习； •Think more; （6） 可请别人修改或校正。 •Discuss more
‚If a translator is an absolute genius, probably he doesn't need to bother, at least not too much...An adequate theory of translation can also help people to understand not merely what to do, but why certain thing can be done and should be done. A good theory of translation is important in helping people tackle new problems.” (如果译者是一个绝对的天才，他可能无需理会 理论。……然而，适当的理论会有助于人们对翻 译问题不仅知其然，而起知其所以然。正确的翻 译理论有助于人们解决新的问题。)