cost_pay_spend的区别和用法[整理]
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
cost,pay,spend的区别和用法
一、辨主语
虽然三者均可表示“花费”,但所用主语不同:cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语it),不能是人;spend 的主语只能是人,不能是事或物;take 的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语it),也可以是人。
如:
The computer cost (me) $2000. 这台电脑花了(我) 2000 美元。
It costs $1000 a year to run a car. 使用一辆车每年要花1000美元。
I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了一整天找你。
It took me an hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了一个小时。
The letter took me an hour (to write). (译文同上)
I took an hour to write the letter. (译文同上)
注:若cost 不是表示“花费”,而是表示客观上地或被动地“耗费”,则也可用人作主语。
如:
Smokers cost the government a lot of money every year. 抽烟的人每年要耗费政府不少钱。
二、辨宾语
cost 的宾语通常是钱,take 的宾语通常是时间,而spend 的宾语则可以是时间或钱。
如:
How much did it cost to build the bridge? 建这座桥花了多少钱?
It took her two hours to walk to the station. 走路去车站花了她两小时。
He spends much time (money) on books. 他花了很多时间读(钱买)书。
注:cost 有时也用于时间,但通常只用于笼统时间(一般不用于具体明确的时间)。
如:
Making experiments like this costs much time and labour. 做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。
按传统语法,take 的宾语通常是时间,但在现代英语中,用钱作其宾语的现象已很普遍。
如:
It takes a lot of money to buy a house. 买一座房子要花一大笔钱。
三、辨句型
从句型结构来看。
三者的通常句型为:
sth costs (sb) money 某物花某人多少钱
it costs (sb) money to do sth 做某事花某人多少钱
sb spends time (money) on sth 某人在某一方面花多少钱
sb spends time (money) in [on] doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少钱
it takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth 做某事花某人多少时间或钱
sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少时间或钱去做
sb takes time (money) to do 某人花多少时间或钱去做某事
四、辨语态
三者在表示“花费”时,cost 不能用于被动语态,take 通常不用于被动语态,而spend 则可以用于被动语态。
如:
误:Thirty dollars was cost by the coat.
误:Two hours was taken to do the work.
正:Two hours was spent on the work. 做这工作花了两个小时。
五、辨引申
三者均可用于比喻用法中,但含义不同:
1. cost 指付出代价(劳力、麻烦、精力、生命等)。
如:
Careless driving will cost you your life. 粗心开车会要你的命。
Just ring him up. It’ll cost you nothing. 给他打个电话,这不费什么事。
2. spend 表示“消耗”“用完”。
如:
I’ll spend no more breath on him. 我不会再和他费唇舌。
He spent great efforts to help me. 他费了很大的劲儿来帮我。
3. take 表示需要人力(精力、劳力等)。
如:
It takes patience. 做这工作需要耐心。
It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。
It took three men to lift the box. 抬这个箱子要 3 个人。
1. spend 的主语只能是人,不能使物。
句子结构是:人+ spend + 钱/ 时间+ on + 物。
He spent $ 300 on this bike.
He spent 3 hours on his homework.
或者,人+ spend + 钱/ 时间+ in + doing + 物。
He spent $ 300 in buying the bike.
He spent 3 hours in doing his homework.
2. costde 主语只能是物,不能使人。
意思是消费钱财。
The bike cost him $300.
3。
afford意思是‘花得起花不起金钱和时间’。
I can't afford the bike.
I can't afford to buy a bike.
4. pay 支付的意思。
(自己分析下面句子的用法区别)
He paid $ 300.
He paid $ 300 for the bike.
He paid $300 to the seller for the bike.
5. take 的主语只能事物,不能使人。
通常用it作主语。
It will take me 3 hours to do my homework.
It took me 30 minutes to walk from here to my school.。