2022年考研考博-考博英语-福建师范大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编押题第五期(含答案)试卷号：71

2022年考研考博-考博英语-福建师范大学考试全真模拟全知识点汇编
押题第五期（含答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
When he tried to make a （）, he found that the hotel was completely filled because of a convention.
问题1选项
A.claim
B.booking
C.revision
D.reservation
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。

claim意为“声称”；booking意为“预约，预定”；revision意为“修订，修改”；reservation意为“预订，预约”。

make a reservation比较正式、规范；make a booking更口语化。

句意：当他想订房时，他发现想入住的酒店由于有一个会议而住满了。

2.
单选题
He usually （）his emotions and appears calm.
问题1选项
A.holds up
B.holds back
C.holds on
D.holds tight
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。

hold up意为“举起”；hold back意为“退缩，忍住，抑制住”；hold on意为“等一下，坚持不懈，握住”；hold tight意为“抓紧，抓牢，暂不行动”。

句意：他通常会控制自己的情绪，表现得很平静。

3.
单选题
He was so mean that he couldn’t bear to （）the smallest sum of money for the charity appeal.
问题1选项
A.part with
B.give in
C.pay off
D.let out
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。

part with意为“放弃，失去，割舍”；give in意为“屈服”；pay off意为“付清”；let out意为“出租，放出，发出”。

句意：他如此吝啬以至于不能忍受为慈善割舍一点点钱。

4.
单选题
Neither of these reasons （）our allowing him to pass after he did so poorly in the physics examination.
问题1选项
A.rectifies
B.notifies
C.signifies
D.justifies
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。

rectify意为“改正，校正”；notify意为“通报，通知”；signify意为“说明，预示，表达”；justify意为“证明……正确(或正当、有理)，为……辩护”。

句意：他在物理考试中表现这么差之后，这两个原因都不是我们允许他通过的理由。

5.
单选题
The local government is intensifying efforts to popularize （）education in rural localities. 问题1选项
A.instinctive
B.impulsive
pulsory
D.voluntary
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

instinctive意为“天生的，生来的”；impulsive意为“冲动的”；compulsory 意为“(因法律或规则而) 必须做的，强制的”；voluntary意为“自愿的，自发的”。

句意：当地政府正在加大努力在农村地区普及义务教育。

6.
单选题
Difficult market conditions were（）when Korean tanners entered the UK and New Zealand raw material markets, driving up prices. 问题1选项
A.relieved
B.changed
C.deteriorated
D.solved
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。

relieve意为“减轻，缓和”；change意为“改变”；deteriorate意为“变坏恶化”；solve意为“解决”。

句意：当韩国制革工人进入英国和新西兰的原材料市场，抬高了价格，困难的市场条件恶化了。

7.
单选题
The bad weather （）all our hopes of going out.
问题1选项
A.halted
B.frustrated
C.submerged
D.immersed
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。

halt意为“停止，中止”；frustrate意为“使沮丧，阻止，挫败”；submerge 意为“浸没，淹没”；immerse意为“深陷于，沉浸在”。

句意：坏天气破坏了我们出行的愿望。

8.
问答题
Human beings are social (A) animals who usually prefer not living (B) in (C) physical or psychological isolation (D).
【答案】试题答案：B; to live
【解析】考查固定搭配。

prefer to do sth.意为“更喜欢做某事”。

9.
单选题
She has the （）of entering graduate school or starting her professional career.
问题1选项
A.optimum
B.option
C.orientation
D.preference
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。

optimum意为“最佳效果，最适宜条件”；option意为“选择权，选择（的自由）”；orientation意为“方向，定位”；preference意为“偏爱，喜爱”。

句意：她可以选择进入研究生院或开始她的职业生涯。

10.
单选题
Environmentalists may get off on terrifying climate change, but most people just turn away. “If it was really so bad, they’d do something,” says one colleague. The human tendency to convince yourself that everything is OK, because no one else is worried, is deeply seated. Our tendency to shrug off responsibility seems to hold true even when we ourselves are in danger. John Darley and Bibb Latane asked a series of college students to sit in a room and fill out a questionnaire. When smoke started to pour into the room through a vent, the others, all actors, ignored it and went on writing calmly. Ninety percent of subjects copied the actors, even when the smoke became so thick that they could barely see and were coughing. But subjects who were alone in the room, under the same conditions, almost all reported the smoke as an emergency. That is an astonishing finding — that the inaction of other people can make us underestimate threats to our own safety.
In the past few weeks we have been told, by reputable sources, that the oceans are warming faster than anyone predicted. That species are becoming extinct a hundred times faster than fossils record. That we are approaching tipping points that may make climate change irreversible. This stuff makes me feel pretty desperate. I would think that other people would worry too. But then I go to the office, and to friends’ houses, and no one mentions it. Nor do the politicians. Despite the noise from green groups, we look for get-out clauses. We blame other countries or big corporations. The part of our brain that is programmed to imitate dominates the part cued to self-preservation —especially when the threats are complex and long-term.
Could we send the herd in the other direction? Maybe. Ten years after Darley and Latane’s smoke experiment, another professor Arthur Beaman showed its films to his students. He explained the psychology. And in future those students were, apparently, almost twice as likely as others to react to help other people.
In January I counted a Toyota Prius hybrid car on almost every one of the rich streets in a part of London just east of my house. Yesterday I did another count. They seemed to have increased to two or three. That is the power of imitation, for people who can afford it. But how do you get other people to imitate behavior that is less visible: buying less, traveling less or changing their electricity supplier? The answers must surely lie in social etiquette. If we are programmed to act like lemmings, then we must give some people incentives to break out and publicize their activities.
The smoke is coming up through the vent. If enough people start talking about the smoke, perhaps others will start to see it too. And if enough people act, the rest may follow. For that, it seems, is human nature.
1.It can be inferred from the first two paragraphs that people tend to
（）.
2.In face of environmental degradation, most people are （）.
3.Professor Arthur Beaman's experiment shows that
（）.
4.The author suggests that in order to counter climate change,（）.
问题1选项
A.be optimistic about changes occurring around
B.turn a blind eye to the approaching threats
C.have their judgments influenced by others
D.wait for someone else to act first
问题2选项
A.feeling unable to assume such a big responsibility
B.endeavoring to find out its causes
C.imitating others' inaction
D.trying to protect themselves
问题3选项
A.it’s human nature to shrink from responsibility
B.environmental education should begin with the young people
C.there will be many more who are ready to help others
D.proper guidance can make people more concerned about climate change
问题4选项
A.more attention should be paid to psychological aspects
B.imitation should be minimized or avoided
C.more popularization should be done about its danger
D.some restrictions should be made on people’s spending pattern
【答案】第1题:D
第2题:C 第3题:D
第4题:A
【解析】1.推理判断题。

文章第一段和第二段主要讲了人的从众性心理，第一段借助同事说的If it was really so bad, they'd do something（如果真的那么糟糕，他们会做些什么）来表示人们总是指望其他人去行动；通过第二段中的“烟雾实验”对比的结果可知，其他人的不作为会使我们低估对我们自身安全的威胁，因此D选项“等别人先采取行动”符合题意。

2.推理判断题。

由文章第三段中的内容可知，面对环境恶化，除了来自环保主义的声音，没有人提及关心这个严峻的问题，采取不作为的态度。

这个深层次的原因是The part of our brain that is programmed to imitate dominates the part cued to self-preservation — especially when the threats are complex and long-term.（与大脑中提醒我们自我生存的那一部分相比，我们大脑中用来模仿他人的那一部分占了上风。

当我们面临的威胁复杂且具长期性时，更是如此）可知C选项“效仿他人的不作为”符合题意。

3.推理判断题。

文章第四段讲述了教授通过让学生观看影片并用心理学知识加以解释，会使这些学生将来的行动的积极性提高，可推测在正确的引导下，人们行动的积极性可以提高，根据文章提到气候变化，因此D选项“适当的指导可以使人们更加关注气候变化”最为恰当。

4.主旨大意题。

文章首先通过分析指出，从众心理使人们面对气候变化缺乏行动，然后指出正确利用从众心理可以使人们行动起来，全文一直都是从心理角度来提出解决气候变化的问题，因此A选项“应该更关注心理学层面”符合题意。

11.
单选题
People with ADHD have difficulty keeping their minds on one thing; they may run into the street without looking, （）inappropriate comments in class, and interrupt conversations.
问题1选项
A.blurt out
B.break into
C.make out
D.crush out
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。

blurt out意为“脱口而出”；break into意为“闯入”；make out意为“理解，看出”；crush out意为“扑灭，熄灭”。

句意：多动症患者很难把注意力集中在一件事上；他们会不看路就跑到街上去，在班级里脱口而出不合适的言论，也会打断谈话。

12.
单选题
Peter's body temperature has been（）for a week, the highest point reaching 39.5 degree centigrade.
问题1选项
A.abnormal
B.disordered
C.uncommon
D.extraordinary
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

abnormal意为“反常的，异常的”；disordered意为“混乱的”；uncommon 意为“不常有的，罕见的”；extraordinary意为“非凡的”。

句意：彼得的体温不正常已经持续一周了，最高温度达到39.5度。

13.
单选题
It’s harmful to one's health to （）smoking and drinking
问题1选项
A.take on
B.take to
C.take in
D.take off
【答案】C 【解析】考查动词辨析。

take on意为“承担，接受”；take to意为“喜欢，养成……的习惯”；take in意为“吸收，吸入”；take off意为“脱掉，起飞”。

句意：吸烟喝酒有害人的身体健康。

14.
单选题
It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the depressing state of literacy. These figures from the Department of Education are sufficient: 27 million Americans cannot read at all, and a further 35 million read at a level that is less than sufficient to survive in our society.
But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading. It has been suggested that almost 80 percent of America's literate, educated teenagers can no longer read without an accompanying noise (music) in the background or a television screen flickering at the corner of their field of perception. We know very little about the brain and how it deals with simultaneous conflicting input, but every common-sense intuition suggests we should be profoundly alarmed. This violation of concentration, silence, solitude goes to the very heart of our notion of literacy; this new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration, let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves, which is to learn it by heart. Not by brain, by heart; the expression is vital.
Under these circumstances, the question of what future there is for the arts of reading is a real one. Ahead of us lie technical, psychic, and social transformations probably much more dramatic than those brought about by Gutenberg, the German inventor in printing. The Gutenberg revolution, as we now know it, took a long time, its effects are still being debated. The information revolution will touch every facet of composition publication, distribution, and reading. No one in the book industry can say with any confidence what will happen to the book as we've known it.
1.The picture of the reading ability of the American people drawn by the author is （）.
2.The author's biggest concern is
（）.
3.A major problem with most adolescents who can read is
（）.
4.The author claims that the best way a reader can show admiration for a piece of prose or poem is（）.
问题1选项
A.fairly right
B.rather bleak
C.very impressive
D.quite encouraging
问题2选项
A.elementary school children’s disinterest in reading classics
B.the surprisingly low rate of literacy in the U.S
C.the musical setting American readers require for reading
D.the reading ability and reading behavior of the middle class
问题3选项
A.their fondness of music and TV programs
B.their ignorance of various forms of art and literature
C.their lack of attentiveness and basic understanding
D.their inability to focus on conflicting input
问题4选项
A.to be able to appreciate it and memorize it
B.to analyze its essential features
C.to think it over conscientiously
D.to make a fair appraisal of its artistic value 【答案】第1题:B
第2题:D
第3题:C
第4题:A
【解析】1.细节事实题。

由文章第一段中的It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the depressing state of literacy.（我几乎没有必要引证所有令人沮丧的人们的识字状况）可知B 选项“相当凄凉”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。

由文章第二段中的But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading.（但我今天担心的与其说是基本识字这个压倒性的问题，不如说是一个更为奢侈的问题，即美国中产阶层读者阅读技能的衰退，他们不愿意在安静的地方，牺牲难得在家的时间，集中注意力用以读书，而这些与经典阅读行为息息相关）可知D选项“中产阶级的阅读能力与阅读行为”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。

由文章第二段中的It has been suggested that almost 80 percent of America's literate, educated teenagers can no longer read without an accompanying noise (music) in the background or a television screen flickering at the corner of their field of perception.（有人认为，近80%的受过良好教育的青少年，在没有背景音乐和闪烁的电视屏幕的陪伴下就无法阅读）和this new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration（而在这种边阅读边在背景的干扰下进行理解的新方法使人们不可能对所阅读的东西全神贯注地加以理解）可知C选项“他们缺乏注意力和基本理解力”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。

由文章第二段中的let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves, which is to learn it by heart.（更不用说人们对他们真正喜欢的诗歌或散文给予的最高评价了，那就是把它记在心里）可知A选项“能够欣赏它并记住它”符合题意。

15.
单选题
The army training exercises ended with a （）battle.
问题1选项
A.mock
B.fantastic
C.simultaneous
D.imaginary
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

mock意为“不诚实的，模拟的”；fantastic意为“极好的，富于想象的”；simultaneous意为“同时发生的，同时存在的”；imaginary意为“想象中的，幻想的”。

句意：军队训练演习以一场模拟战结束。