2019-2020学年衡阳市蒸湘中学高三英语三模试卷及答案解析

2019-2020学年衡阳市蒸湘中学高三英语三模试卷及答案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
In September, something terrible happened on the west coast ofTasmania,Australia. As many as 380 pilot whales became stranded(搁浅) in shallow water there and later died. This might have beenAustralia’s largest stranding event on record, the BBC reported.
But this large amount of whale stranding is not uncommon. For centuries, it has happened all over the world and has puzzled scientists. Scientists say the cause is often unknown. But they have offered many different explanations.
Some say the whales chase small fish for food and end up in shallow water because they are not paying attention to where they are going.
Others think the stranding has something to do with Earth’s geomagnetic field (地磁场). They say that a geomagnetic compass in whales’ brains controls their position. Unusual changes in Earth’s magnetic field can affect the whales’ compasses and send them in the wrong direction.
Another explanation suggests that stranding is caused by the close relationships that whales have. Pilot whales travel in large groups. One lead whale might mistakenly lead the whole group to shallow water. “And if one gets into trouble, the others will not leave,” said Sheryl Gibney, a leading biologist fromNew Zealand. “Some will come in and try to help, they get trapped on the beach, then more will come.”
The whales are trapped by mistake or out of sympathy(同情). Once they get stranded, they will likely die. According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of theUS, less than 10 percent of all stranded whales survive.
1. What do we know about the stranding inAustralia?
A. It happened on theeast coast ofAustralia.
B. It caused the death of over 300 pilot whales.
C. It is commonly seen in September each year.
D. It was the largest stranding event in the world.
2. According to Gibney, the pilot whales are the animals that________.
A. are kind to each other
B. are easy to lose direction
C. are too huge to float in the sea
D.are silly to follow the leading whale
3. What is the story mainly about?
A. How human activity has affected whales.
B. What might cause whale strandings.
C. How whales find their direction while traveling.
D. What scientists are doing to save stranded whales.
B
A team of researchersfrom theUniversityofColorado Boulderhave created a revolutionary type of robotic muscles. They are strong and flexible at the same time, can feel the movements they perform and, whenever they suffer damage, they can self-heal. However, what is best about them is probably the fact that they are extremely cheap to manufacture.
The robotic muscles have been called actuators, and have drawn inspiration from real-life muscles. By creating robots equipped with this kind of actuators, researchers would allowthem to perform movements just like human muscles.
To make the robotic muscles work, they filled some flexible material with electrodes(电极)and with liquid and oil. Then, they applied some electricity, and the liquid and oil started moving around the electrodes and powered them. This way, the robotic muscles started contracting and relaxing just like real muscles, but a lot quicker.
Researchers also took inspiration from the variety of human muscles, and created more types of actuators, each of them performing a different movement. They called these robotic muscles HASEL ( Hydraulically-Amplified Self-healing Electrostatic). However, they are superior to biological muscles as they are stronger, faster, and more flexible.
Even the researchers were amazed they could develop such technology. Eric Acome, the author of one of the studies, explained what is unique about the robotic muscles.
“The ability to create electrically powered soft actuators that lift a gallon of water at several times per second is something we haven't seen before.”
These muscles are special because they are also self-healing. This property is given by the liquid placed inside of them, which also gives them a lot more advantages than those mechanisms (机械)using solids. In the end, the
material which keeps the liquid, the oil and the electrodes is extremely cheap. It is a type of polymer (聚合物)similar to the one used for potato chips bags, and can be manufactures for only 10 cents.
4. What can we learn about actuators?
A. They can heal on their own.
B. They are biological muscles.
C. They can not move like human muscles.
D. They are slower to react than real muscles.
5. What do actuators use to directly power electrodes?
A. Solids.
B. Liquid and oil.
C. A type of polymer.
D. Potato chips bags.
6. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. The origin of actuators.
B. The opinions on actuators.
C. The advantages of actuators.
D. The significance of actuators.
7. In which part of a newspaper will the textmost probably appear?
A. Health.
B. Culture.
C. Education.
D. Technology.
C
In ancient times, Chinese used plant leaves or bird feathers as a fan during the summer time. This was the earliest form of the fan. The first real fan was made back in the era of Yao and Shun period thousands of years ago. Since then,Chinese-made fans have become a vital part of Chinese art and culture. At the beginning, the fan functioned as a tool to generate a current of air in the hot weather. Now electric fans such as ceiling fans and other technological breakthroughs have taken the place.
Long ago, fans caught the attention of ancient Chinese artists by chance. Thereafter, a unique fan art gradually took shape in the history of Chinese culture. Fan art usually includes Chinese calligraphy, paintings, or poems on the sectors（扇区）. Special skills are needed to write or paint on them.
Due to its history and partly because of its unique shape, Chinese would soon develop the tradition of using fans as ornaments（装饰品）. Fans are made in different sizes and different color1 s to meet the needs of each request. Other Chinese ornaments, such as the Chinese knot, the green jade, and the Spring Festival picture, are often combined in each design.
The value of fans depends mainly on the materials used and the level of craftsmanship that is involved during the process. Feather, paper, jade, bamboo and silk have all been used as ideal materials to make fans. Ancient Chinese even made iron fans to serve as deadly weapons（武器）in Chinese martial arts. Fans made by famous craftsmen are often characterized by pretty designs and detailed workmanship, and thus become favorites of
collectors. Fans with masterpiece fine art like calligraphy or paintings are even more valuable.
8.What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. The origin of fans.
B. The materials of fans.
C. The popularity of fans.
D. The production of fans.
9. Why do Chinese use fans as ornaments?
A. They are made of valuable materials.
B. They reflect the beauty of Chinese culture.
C. They convey literature works on the sectors.
D. They are often combined with other ornaments.
10. Which of the following makes a fan favored by most collectors?
A. Its advanced function.
B. Its complex character.
C. Its artistic handicraft.
D. Its various applications.
11. What can we infer about the fan from the text?
A. Chinese send fans to their friends as gifts.
B. Chinese ornaments can meet different requests.
C. Traditional fans have lost their functional value.
D. The fan plays different roles with the change of time.
D
Thursday, two Russian submarines(潜艇) dived down 2.5 miles into the Arctic Ocean and planted a national flag onto a piece of continental shelf known as the Lomonosov Ridge. Rising from the center of the Arctic Basin, the flag sent a clear message to the surrounding nations: Russia had just laid claim(权利) to the vast oil and gas reserves contained in this underwater area.
AfterRussia, theUnited States,Norway,SwedenandFinlandare all trying to gain profit. Projections show that the area of land and sea that falls within theArctic Circleis home to an estimated 90 billion barrels of oil, an incredible 13% of Earth’s reserves. It’s also estimated to contain almost a quarter of untapped global gas resources. But long before this oil race began, how did theArcticbecome so rich in energy?
“The first thing you realize is that theArctic—unlike the Antarctic—is an ocean surrounded by continents”, Alastair Fraser, a geoscientist from Imperial College London, said. Firstly, this means there’s a huge quantity of organic material available, in the form of dead sea creatures such as plankton and algae, which form the basis of what will ultimately become oil and gas. Secondly, the surrounding ring of continents means that the Arctic Basin
contains a high proportion of continental crust(大陆地壳), which makes up about 50% of its oceanic area. That’s significant because continental crust typically contains deep depressions called basins, into which organic matter sinks.
Here, it gets inserted in rock and preserved in anoxic(缺氧) waters, meaning they contain little oxygen. “Normally, in a shallow sea with lots of oxygen, it would not be preserved. But if the sea is deep enough, the oxygenated waters at the top will be separated from the anoxic conditions at the base,” Fraser explained. Conserved within these oxygen-free basins, the matter maintains compounds that finally make it useful as an energy source for millions of years in the future.
12. Why didRussiaplant a national flag onto the Lomonosov Ridge?
A. To tell surrounding countries its armed forces.
B. To show its advanced technology of submarines.
C. To show abundant natural resources in theArcticBasin.
D. To claim its privilege to explore for oil and gas in the area.
13. What’s the function of the last sentence in paragraph 2?
A. Making a comparison.
B. Serving as a connecting link.
C. Analyzing the cause and effect.
D. Drawing the conclusion of the text.
14. What can we know from the last paragraph?
A. Oxygen only exists in the top part of the ocean.
B. Organic materials mostly exist in the basins with oxygen.
C. Water containing oxygen turns organic materials into oil and gas.
D. Oxygen-free environment counts in the formation of the arctic’s rich energy.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. What makes theArcticattractive?
B. Why do many nations focus on theArctic?
C. Why is there so much oil in theArctic?
D. How does theArcticBasincome into being?
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项Choosing accommodation（住宿）is one of the most important considerations for students who study abroad. Dormitories（宿舍）, provided by universities can be a good choice._____16_____
Many foreign families open their homes to students across the world. In a homestay, students can observe, learn and experience a new lifestyle and culture, while practicing English skillsin a home environment.
_____17_____Students can even feel that they have found a second family who loves and cares for them. Hosts may involve their student guests in day-to-day family activities and also include them in social gatherings, such as holiday celebrations or trips to local attractions.
Homestay hosts can reflect the diversity（多样性）of the region in which they live. They may be single parents, retired couples or families with young children._____18_____
You can check university homestay programs, which will set certain standards for hosts, including transportation, facilities and access to shared rooms such as the kitchen and bathroom.
Although homestays can be convenient, host families are not completely responsible for students’ welfare._____19_____Don’t count on hosts to solve all of your problems. Also, remember that living in a homestay will require an adjustment period. There may be simple house rules or guidelines about internet usage, laundry, television viewing, meal times, cleanliness and money matters._____20_____Remember to be polite and respect the host family’s different lifestyles.
A. They are ready to help students.
B. Students still need to be independent.
C. As guests, students always need to mind their manners.
D. Good homestay can help students learn foreign culture.
E. Successful homestay experiences can help ease homesickness.
F. In addition to dormitories, homestay is another popular choice.
G. They will come from different social and cultural backgrounds.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
Biking through my PhD
Overcoming my initial struggles in theNetherlandsto start my PhD has been like riding a bike.
I___21___in a hilly, seaside city inChinawithout cycle paths, and biking was___22___for me. Now,my Dutch neighbour was telling me I had to___23___.
It took me around a month to feel___24___cycling. After half a year,I am starting to enjoy it. For me, a helpful___25___for dealing with Dutch traffic was to make a lot of noise as I___26___: loud laughs, “look out”, “watch it”, and so on. This___27___other cyclists into keeping away from me, and prevented the___28___that had seemed unavoidable when I started.
This pattern, of a time of struggle___29___by fun, was repeated with other____30____of my life inUtrecht.
There were more "bikes" that I____31____to learn how to ride. One of them was____32____management. InUtrecht, I don't see people working____33____time. As for working at the weekend,____34____it. I initially assumed that nobody was working very hard, because of their shorter____35____. But after a few months, I____36____that the other PhD students were all____37____focused on their work during that eight﹣hour working____38____, whereas I was taking endless "breaks" when I could have been focusing on my studies.
Cycling has become a____39____of my growth, freedom and____40____adjustment to PhD life in theNetherlands. And I have formed a good habit of working while I work and playing while I play.
21. A. went through B. grew up C. worked out D. got around
22. A. necessary B. convenient C. dangerous D. normal
23. A. learn B. decide C. advance D. travel
24. A. nervous B. anxious C. sensitive D. comfortable
25. A. tendency B. plan C. trick D. instruction
26. A. shouted B. jogged C. rode D. warned
27. A. cheated B. frightened C. guided D. persuaded
28. A. crashes B. ruins C. races D. competitions
29. A. appreciated B. presented C. supported D. followed
30. A. backgrounds B. occupations C. aspects D. studies
31. A. hesitated B. failed C. remembered D. needed
32. A. time B. finance C. business D. personnel
33. A. special B. extra C. regular D. valid
34. A. cancel B. select C. forget D. avoid
35. A. hours B. vacations C. weekdays D. distances
36. A. regretted B. realized C. argued D. supposed
37. A. completely B. considerately C. hurriedly D. repeatedly
38. A. practice B. period C. section D. evaluation
39. A. weakness B. remark C. symptom D. symbol
40. A. dynamic B.objective C. successful D. adventurous
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Chinahas a very rich and brilliant tea culture. It is one of the most important parts of Chinese tradition. A
small cup of tea contains the spirit and____41.____(wise) of the Chinese people. It seems like the most____42.____(enjoy) thing to drink a cup of tea on a quiet day.
Just like coffee, tea grown in different areas____43.____(have) different flavors. Some needs to be drunk with small and delicate tea cups, and some can____44.____(drink) from a big bowl.
Chinese people believe tea needs to be drunk quietly,____45.____many of the tea shops are located in a corner of a hutong, providing customers____46.____a very quiet and comfortable environment,but the fast pace of life sometimes doesn’t allow that. So there are tea shop owners who, just as Starbucks does, locate____47.____(they) shops in the downtown area to provide service for quick customers.
Take HEYTEA as____48.____example. It was just a small tea shop____49.____(locate) in a small lane in a small city ofGuangdongProvincein 2012. But in only 5 years, it had expanded more than 80 stores overChina, including big cities likeBeijing._____50._____(wait) in lines for more than an hourfor their tea is a common occurrence.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

Dear friends,
It is real a good chance to have met all of you here. We have spent several precious weekend in learning in the English Club. Since we have been members for a short period of time, we have made a great progress. That is because we are all much active and the activities are not only enjoyable and also helpful. Besides, the foreign teachers here work hard and try his best to make the activities lively and interested. I am very pleased to say that all of us greatly improved our spoken English so far. I am looking forward to see all of you again in the near future!第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你得知故宫正在招聘暑期义务英文讲解员，请你给相关部门负责人写一封申请信，内容包括：
1.介绍你的基本信息；
2.说明你的优势；
3.表示你希望被录用。

注意：
1.词数不少于50；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Sir or Madam，
_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
Sincerely，
Li Hua
参考答案
1. B
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. B
6. C
7. D
8. A 9. B 10. C 11. D
12. D 13. B 14. D 15. C
16. F 17. E 18. G 19. B 20. C
21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. D 32.
A 33.
B 34.
C 35. A 36. B 37. A 38. B 39.
D 40. C
41. wisdom
42. enjoyable
43. has 44. be drunk
45. so 46. with
47. their 48. an
49. located
50. Waiting
51.(1).real→really；
(2).weekend→weekends；
(3).Since→Though/Although；
(4).去掉made后面的a；
(5).much→very 或去掉much；
(6).and→but；
(7).his→their；
(8).interested→interesting；
(9).greatly前加have；
(10).see→seeing
52.略。