高一英语概率统计完形填空题40题

高一英语概率统计完形填空题40题
1
Probability and statistics play an important role in our daily lives. When we toss a coin, there are two possible outcomes: heads or tails. The probability of getting heads is 0.5, and the same goes for tails. In a lottery, the probability of winning is usually very low. However, people still buy tickets in the hope of getting a big prize.
1. The __1__ of rolling a six on a fair die is 1/6. A. probability B. chance C. possibility D. likelihood
答案：A。

“probability”侧重于通过计算得出的可能性；“chance”更强调偶然的机会；“possibility”和“likelihood”也有可能性的意思，但不如“probability”在概率统计中常用。

2. The __2__ of a random experiment are all the possible results. A. outcomes B. results C. consequences D. effects
答案：A。

“outcomes”特指随机实验的结果；“results”比较宽泛；“consequences”是后果；“effects”是影响。

3. The probability of an event can range from 0 to 1. A 0 probability means the event is __3__. A. impossible B. unlikely C. certain D. probable 答案：A。

概率为0 表示事件不可能发生；“unlikely”不太可能；“certain”一定；“probable”很可能。

4. A set of all possible outcomes is called the __4__. A. sample space
B. event space
C. outcome space
D. probability space
答案：A。

“sample space”样本空间是所有可能结果的集合；“event space”事件空间、“outcome space”结果空间、“probability space”概率空间都不太准确。

5. The number of __5__ in a probability experiment is finite. A. events
B. outcomes
C. possibilities
D. chances
答案：B。

在概率实验中结果的数量是有限的；“events”事件；“possibilities”可能性；“chances”机会。

6. The probability of two independent events occurring is the product of their individual __6__. A. probabilities B. chances C. likelihoods D. possibilities
答案：A。

两个独立事件同时发生的概率是它们各自概率的乘积；“chances”“likelihoods”“possibilities”都不如“probabilities”准确。

7. A __7__ is a specific set of outcomes from a sample space. A. event
B. result
C. consequence
D. effect
答案：A。

“event”事件是样本空间中的特定结果集合；“result”结果；“consequence”后果；“effect”影响。

8. The sum of the probabilities of all possible outcomes in a sample space is always __8__. A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. infinity
答案：B。

样本空间中所有可能结果的概率之和总是1。

9. If the probability of an event is very high, it is almost __9__. A. impossible B. unlikely C. certain D. probable
答案：C。

概率非常高就几乎是一定的；“impossible”不可能；“unlikely”不太可能；“probable”很可能，但不如“certain”程度高。

10. The study of probability helps us understand the __10__ of different events. A. likelihoods B. possibilities C. chances D. probabilities 答案：A。

“likelihoods”可能性，研究概率有助于我们理解不同事件的可能性；“possibilities”和“chances”也有可能性的意思，但不如“likelihoods”在这个语境中准确。

2
In the field of probability and statistics, researchers often need to calculate various probabilities. They might estimate the likelihood of an event happening. For example, when conducting an experiment, they carefully observe and record data. Then, they use this data to calculate the probability of a specific outcome. Sometimes, they need to predict future events based on past data. This requires them to estimate trends and patterns.
11. The scientists _(calculate)_ the probability of success based on previous experiments. A.calculate B.estimated C.predicted D.determined 答案：A。

这句话强调科学家根据以前的实验来计算成功的概率，calculate 更符合语境，表示“计算”。

estimated 是“估计”；predicted 是“预测”；determined 是“决定”，都不太符合。

12. We need to _(estimate)_ the number of people who will attend the event. A.calculate B.guess C.estimate D.predict
答案：C。

estimate 在这里最合适，表示“估计”参加活动的人数。

calculate 侧重于精确计算；guess 比较随意；predict 是“预测”未来的事情，此处估计人数用estimate。

13. The data can be used to _(calculate)_ the average value.
A.calculate
B.find
C.determine
D.estimate
答案：A。

这句话表达用数据来计算平均值，calculate 符合。

find 是“找到”；determine 是“决定”；estimate 是“估计”，都不合适。

14. They _(predicted)_ that the result would be positive. A.calculated
B.estimated
C.predicted
D.determined
答案：C。

predict 表示“预测”，符合句子意思，他们预测结果会是积极的。

calculated 是“计算”；estimated 是“估计”；determined 是“决定”。

15. The researchers _(determined)_ the factors that affect the outcome.
A.calculated
B.estimated
C.predicted
D.determined
答案：D。

determine 在这里表示“确定”影响结果的因素。

calculate 是“计算”；estimated 是“估计”；predicted 是“预测”。

16. We should _(calculate)_ the risk before making a decision.
A.calculate
B.estimate
C.guess
D.predict
答案：A。

在做决定前应该计算风险，calculate 合适。

estimate 是“估计”；guess 是“猜测”；predict 是“预测”。

17. The statistician _(estimated)_ the population size. A.calculated
B.estimated
C.predicted
D.determined
答案：B。

统计学家估计人口规模，estimate 符合。

calculate 是“计算”，人口规模一般用估计；predicted 是“预测”；determined 是“决定”。

18. They tried to _(predict)_ the future trend. A.calculate B.estimate
C.predicted
D.determined
答案：C。

predict 表示“预测”未来趋势。

calculate 是“计算”；estimate 是“估计”；determined 是“决定”。

19. The company needs to _(calculate)_ its profits. A.calculate
B.estimate
C.find
D.determine
答案：A。

公司需要计算利润，calculate 符合。

estimate 是“估计”利润不太准确；find 是“找到”；determine 是“决定”。

20. We can _(estimate)_ the time it will take to complete the project.
A.calculate
B.estimate
C.guess
D.predict
答案：B。

estimate 表示“估计”完成项目所需的时间。

calculate 是“计算”，时间很难精确计算；guess 是“猜测”太随意；predict 是“预测”未来的事情，此处估计时间用estimate。

3
In probability and statistics, understanding the concepts is crucial. Accuracy and precision are two important aspects. A study that is highly accurate but not very precise may still have some limitations. On the other hand, a study that is very precise but lacks accuracy may lead to incorrect conclusions. The data collected should be both accurate and precise to
ensure reliable results. However, achieving this balance is not always easy. Sometimes, there are uncertainties and variations in the data. These uncertainties can make it difficult to determine the exact probability of an event.
21. The data is __21__ accurate but lacks precision. A. fairly B. extremely C. slightly D. hardly
答案：A。

“fairly”表示“相当地”，在这里说明数据比较准确但精度不够。

“extremely”表示“极其”，如果用这个词就表示数据非常准确，与后文“lacks precision”矛盾；“slightly”表示“稍微”，程度太轻；“hardly”表示“几乎不”，不符合语境。

22. The results are __22__ precise and accurate. A. both B. either C. neither D. not
答案：A。

“both...and...”表示“既……又……”，这里说明结果既精确又准确。

“either...or...”表示“要么……要么……”；“neither...nor...”表示“既不……也不……”；“not”单独使用不能表达这种并列关系。

23. The uncertainty makes it __23__ to determine the probability. A. difficult B. easy C. possible D. impossible
答案：A。

前文提到不确定性，所以会使确定概率变得困难。

“difficult”符合语境。

“easy”和“possible”与前文矛盾；“impossible”太绝对。

24. The study is __24__ accurate and needs more precision. A. somewhat B. completely C. mostly D. rarely
答案：A。

“somewhat”表示“有点”，说明研究有点准确但需要更多精度。

“completely”表示“完全地”，与后文矛盾；“mostly”表示“主要地”，不准确；“rarely”表示“很少地”，不符合语境。

25. The data is __25__ precise but not entirely accurate. A. very B. quite C. rather D. too
答案：B。

“quite”在这里表示“相当”，说明数据相当精确但不是完全准确。

“very”和“rather”程度稍重；“too”表示“过于”，不合适。

26. The probability is __26__ certain but there are some uncertainties.
A. almost
B. entirely
C. hardly
D. absolutely
答案：A。

“almost”表示“几乎”，说明概率几乎确定但还有一些不确定性。

“entirely”和“absolutely”表示完全确定，与后文矛盾；“hardly”表示“几乎不”，不符合语境。

27. The results are __27__ accurate and reliable. A. highly B. moderately C. slightly D. barely
答案：A。

“highly”表示“高度地”，说明结果高度准确和可靠。

“moderately”表示“适度地”；“slightly”表示“稍微”；“barely”表示“几乎不”，都不符合语境。

28. The uncertainty makes the prediction __28__ accurate. A. less B. more C. equally D. extremely
答案：A。

不确定性会使预测不那么准确。

“less”符合语境。

“more”和“extremely”与不确定性带来的结果相反；“equally”不准确。

29. The study is __29__ precise but may not be accurate. A. extremely
B. fairly
C. somewhat
D. hardly
答案：A。

“extremely”表示“极其”，说明研究极其精确但可能不准确。

“fairly”和“somewhat”程度不够；“hardly”表示“几乎不”，不符合语境。

30. The data is __30__ accurate and useful. A. quite B. rather C. very
D. extremely
答案：D。

“extremely”表示“极其”，强调数据极其准确且有用。

“quite”“rather”和“very”程度稍弱。

4
In probability and statistics, understanding the language used is crucial. For example, we often use certain prepositions and conjunctions to describe relationships. Consider this sentence: The relationship between variable A and variable B is analyzed _31_ various methods. The possible options are by, with, through. The answer is through. We use “through” to indicate that the analysis is done by means of various methods. Another sentence could be: Variable C is correlated _32_ variable D. Options are to, with, for. The answer is with. “Correlated with” is a common expression in statistics.
Now let's look at some sentences with conjunctions. “The data is collected _33_ it is analyzed carefully.” Options are and, but, so. The answer is and. This shows a sequence of actions. “The results are not clear _34_ more data is needed.” Options are unless, until, if. The answer is
unless. It means that the results will not be clear unless more data is obtained.
31. through. We use “through” to indicate by means of. Different from “by” which is more direct and “with” which is often used for accompaniment.
32. with. “Correlated with” is a set phrase in statistics.
33. and. Shows a sequence of actions.
34. unless. Indicates a condition for the results to be clear.。