初中英语备课参考 The natural elements Part 1

Module 1 The natural elements Part 1
要点精讲
1. I’ve got some information on my computer about fire.
我的电脑上有一些关于火的信息。

have got = have
I have got a new TV. = I have a new TV.
2. What did early men use fire for?
早期人类用火做什么？
use… for… = use…to do…
We can use fire for cooking. = We can use fire to cook.
3. What do people do to rubbish in some places?
在有些地方，人们如何处理垃圾？
What do…do to…? 怎样对待……?
Crying won’t do any good to you now.
4. Early men found fire very useful.
早期人类发现火很有用。

find sth. ＋adj./n. 发现……（如何）
I find the book (to be) interesting.
I find him a clever boy.
5. They also use fire to give light and keep them warm in winter.
他们也用火来照明以及冬天取暖。

keep sb./ sth.＋adj. 使……保持某种状态
Exercises can keep us healthy.
6. Have you ever seen workers blowing glass?
你曾经看见过工人们吹玻璃吗？
see sb. doing sth. 看见某人在做某事
I saw a boy knocking at the door when I walked past.
see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事
I often see him pass by my house.
7. They are going to find out some more information about fire.
他们要查出更多的关于火的信息。

find out 查明
Please find out when the ship sails for New York.
some more 更多的
I need a few more people to do this work.
8. It is used for rescuing people from a tall building.
它用来从高楼上解救人。

rescue…from
He rescued the child from the burning house.
9. Some students may forget to switch off the lights and fans in their classroom.
有些学生可能会忘记关教室的灯和电扇。

forget to do sth 忘记去做……
She nearly forgot to give him a tip for his service.
switch off = turn off
switch on = turn on
10. You must not pack you bags before you leave the classroom.
在你们离开教室之前不要再整理书包了。

before
I came back before you called him.
The train had left before he arrived at the station.
10.there be句型
There be 结构用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)”
基本句型为“There be + 某物或某人+ 某地或某时”,其中there 是引导词,没有词义;be 是谓语动词; “某人或某物”是句子的主语; “某地或某时”作句子的状语,多是介词短语。

如: There is a football under the chair. 椅子下面有一个足球。

There be结构中的动词be的确定
(1)there be 结构中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。

主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is,是复数时用are。

如:
There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶里有一朵花。

There is some money in the purse. 钱包里有些钱。

(2)若句子中有几个并列的主语时,be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。

如:
There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house.
房子里有一个男孩,一个女孩和两个妇女。

There are ten students and a teacher in the office. 办公室里有十个学生和一个教师。

另外,在陈述句中为了强调地点,也可将介词短语提置句首。

如:
In the tree there are five birds. 树上有五只鸟。

There be 结构的句型转换
(1)否定句: there be的否定式通常在be后加not构成(在口语中be时常与not缩写在一起)。

如果句中有some,一般要变成any。

如:
There are some children in the picture. →There aren't any children in the picture.
(2)一般疑问句及其答语:把be提到there前,首字母大写,句末用问号即可。

其肯定答语是Yes, there is / are;否定答语为No, there isn't / aren't。

如:
-Are there two cats in the tree?
-Yes, there are. (No, there aren't.)
(3)特殊疑问句及其回答:①提问句子的主语(包括主语前的修饰语)时,句型一律用"what is + 地点介词短语?"(无论主语是单数还是复数都用is)。

如:
There are some birds in the tree. →What's in th e tree?
②就there be后面的地点状语进行提问时,句型用"where is / are + 主语?"如:
There is a car in the street. →Where is the car?
③提问可数名词(主语)前的数量时,用how many,句型结构为"how many + 复数名词+
are there + 其它?"(主语无论是单数还是复数,be通常要用are)。

如:
There is a cat under the bed. →How many cats are the re under the bed?
11..现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法：
a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。

I am reading newspaper.
She is playing the piano.
We are waiting for you.
They are flying kites.
b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。

Mr. Green is writing another novel.
(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。

)
She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.
c. 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。

The leaves are turning red.
It's getting warmer and warmer.
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往
往带有说话人的主观色彩。

12.介词in, on, at, outside的用法
in in the corridor
on on the wall
at at the staircase
outside outside the classroom
13.副词的用法
副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。

副词的位置：
在动词之后
The wind blew slightly.
He runs quickly.
They play happily in the park.
形容词→副词
light—lightly quick—quickly slight—slightly happy—happily
14.时间状语从句
A. when引导的时间状语从句，常译为“当……的时候”，when的从句可以用延续性动词，也可以用点动词。

He was working at the table when I went in. 当我进去的时候，他正在桌旁工作。

Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping. 当我正在睡觉时，有人敲门。

I will visit my good friend when I have time. 当我有空儿时，我将去看望我的好友。

I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai. 当我在上海时，我为一家外国企业工作。

注：when也可以作并列连词，表示一个动词正在进行的时候，突然间发生了另外一件
事。

I was fishing by the river, when someone called for help.
我正在河边钓鱼，就在那时有人求救。

B. while引导的时间状语从句，常译为“与……同时，在……期间”，while的从句中常用延
续性动词或表示状态的词。

Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games.
当我正在打电子游戏时，爸爸正在清洗汽车。

C. as引导的时间状语从句，常译为“当……的时候，一边……一边”as的从句中可使用延续
性动词，也可使用点动词。

He sang as he was working. 他一边工作一边唱歌。

D. before和after引导的时间状语从句，before强调主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，
而after强调主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。

He had been a cook before he went to college. 他上大学前曾当过厨师。

He called me after he had finished his work. 他在工作完之后给我打了个电话。

15.情态动词may、should的用法
在表示“可能性”方面
You may meet her at the party today.
This book should be found easily in the library.
在表示“允诺”方面
May I trouble you with a question?
在表示“应该”方面
Students should study hard.
7.构词法：名词＋y→形容词
wind—windy rain—rainy snow—snowy sun—sunny
典型例题
1.My dictionary _____, I have looked for it everywhere but still_____ it.
A. has lost, don't find
B. is missing, don't find
C. has lost, haven't found
D. is missing, haven't found.
【答案】D。

【解析】前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。

2.Do you know if ______ a basketball match on TV this evening?
A. there is going to be
B. is there
C. will there be B. there are
【答案】A。

【解析】宾语从句要用陈述语气，同时又考查there be 句型的一般将来时态，this evening 表明为一般将来时态。

故选A。