中级英语导游 Heaven ,Earth and Man(unit four)

Text B The Delightful Pursuit of Human Love
• I shall just touch on Confucius' simplest explanation of his concept of“仁” or "ren"－ (this has been translated as benevolence, love, kindness and humanity, etc) and Mencius' notion that "Man's nature is good at birth". • It was said that Fan Chi樊遲, a student of Confucius, once asked the master what "ren" meant. Confucius' reply: "It means to love other people."
Heaven, Earth and Man
Heaven ,Earth and Man
• All creatures born of the essence of heaven and earth ,human beings are the noblest . • Bodies match the fullness of the earth . • Cavities and veins resemble the sun and river.
Text A Heaven, Earth and Man
• Heaven gives birth to all creatures with a sense of kinship loyalties; heaven has the power to cause proliferation . • Earth nourishes them with food and clothing ;earth has the power to cause transformation • Man completes them through ritual and music; man has the power to make moral distinction.
Text B The Delightful Pursuit of Human Love
• Mencius, on the other hand, argued that "Man's nature is good at birth" because compassion is common to mankind. Everyone is capable of conduct in line with "ren", those who are not would cease to be members of humankind.
Heaven, Earth and Man
• Creatures gain life by taking from the yin and yang of heaven in a bent and off-center way . • Human beings alone stand erect and look forward
Heaven, Earth and Man
• The alternation of strength and weakness matches the winter and summer . • The alternation of the grief and joy matches Yin and Yang ; • the mind matches the measurements of the world . • Conduct based on ethical principles resembles the relationship of the heaven and earth .
Heaven, Earth and Man
• Animals are closest to earth so the part below the waist has the characteristics of the earth . • The waist marks the division between heavenly and earthly part of the body .
New Words
• Endow ; proliferation; descend; humane; crouch; ailment; nurture; conserve; ethereal; essence; sash; ritual and music • Give birth to : • Cut down v. 砍倒, 胜过, 削减, 删节 砍倒, 胜过, 削减, • Born of :出自 出身于 出自; 出自 • Be capable of: v. 能够 • Off-center: adj, adv 偏心的（地），偏离中心 偏心的（ ），偏离中心 的（地）
Heaven ,Earth and Man
Heaven, Earth and Man
• The head rises up and is round in human bodies ,shaped like heaven, with the hair resembling the stars . The ears and eyes resemble thБайду номын сангаас sun and moon, the nose and mouth ,in their breathing , resemble the wind .
Dao is the combination of ren and yi. Confucian believe in ren, and actions based on ren is yi. Ren and yi are inseparable. To Confucian, dao is not something far away or mysterious. Dao is the principle, dao is the way. The principle shows people the direction, the way leads people go into the right direction. The principle of Confucian is the principle of ren, the way of Confucian is the way towards ren. dao and de (morality). Confucianism uses these two words in its doctrine. Taoism and Buddhism also use the words in their doctrines, too. Thus in a sense, dao and de are like empty containers, which can carry ideas of Confucianism, Taoism or Buddhism.
thetempleofconfucius大成门杏坛大成殿孔府theconfucianfamilymansion圣人之门孔府院内环视孔林thecemeteryofconfucius孔子墓碑圣林坊
Unit Four Traditional Chinese Ideas and Philosophy
Sunny
Text B The Delightful Pursuit of Human Love
• Attune ; predetermine; inclination; ambiguity; • Character; reciprocal; bilateral; interaction; • Sustain; abide; ecology; ethics ; egoism ; • Fraternity; great man ; sustainable development ; insofar; meager; provisions; • Coarse; immoral; gourdful ; Mencius ;swerve
The Temple of Confucius
大成门
大成殿
杏坛
孔府 The Confucian Family Mansion
孔府院内环视
圣人之门
孔林 The Cemetery of Confucius
圣林坊
孔子墓碑
In Confucian philosophy, ren was one of the most fundamental of all virtues, variously translated as humanness, warm-heartedness, or benevolence. Before Confucius' time ren was understood as the kindness of rulers to their subjects. It was gradually broadened to mean benevolence, still a particular virtue but no longer restricted to rulers. Confucius changed it to connote perfect virtue, which includes all particular virtues and applies to all men. Mencius and the Doctrine of the Mean went on to say that "ren is ren"--that is, ren is the distinguishing characteristic of man. Han Yu stresses it as love for all mankind - though plants, trees, fishes, animals can be loved, too, but if necessary, they can be sacrificed for the benefit and survival of mankind.
Heaven, Earth and Man
• The 366 small joints of the body match the number of the year , the twelve large joints match the number of months ; internally the five organs match the Five Agents, the four limbs match the four seasons.