2021一模完型填空专项归纳 (1)

1.宝山区III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The search for new, clean energy sources have occupied the attention of scientists and politicians for years. One common ___41___ for green energy is the wind. A new twist on this old resource could cause energy output of wind-power plants to increase greatly.
Standard wind power plants rely on strong support and ___42___ can only reach the height of 200 meters or so. Higher than that, winds tend to be stronger and steadier, but the challenge is ___43___ how to obtain the energy from those winds.
Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands and Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences in Germany have formed a kite-power research group. The group is working to develop kites with inflatable (可充气的) wings ___44___ to electrical generator (发电机) on the ground.
The research group's goal is to design a kite that can operate on its own for 24 hours. Research has begun, but many challenges remain, including making the generator more ___45___ and perfecting the automatic flight control and structure of the kites. Nevertheless, in June 2012, they demonstrated that their kites could operate ___46___ at an altitude of up to 700 meters.
Meanwhile, in Italy, researchers are working on a(n) ___47___ power generator that relies on kites when the generator called KiteGen, senses wind blowing, kites are ___48___ from the end of poles with high-resistance cables to control their height and angle. These cables are able to move the kites if the system senses coming object ___49___ planes, helicopters or even individual birds. The kites themselves are light, tough and able to reach fairly high altitude. The loop (绕行) around in the wind, which sets the center of the generator in emotion ___50___ electric current.
KiteGen has the ___51___ to be very cost-effective in the long run. After the original cost of designing and setting up the plant, little ___52___ investment will be necessary, apart from standard maintenance. The plant also requires ___53___ little space, which makes it ideal for cities and means that multiple plants can be set up to provide even more ___54___.
Kite power has the potential to greatly ___55___ on current wind power strategies. In the future, it may be an efficient cost efficient supplement to the other sources of energy use or even a replacement for some of them
41. A resolution B. proposal C. resource D. substitute
42. A. generally B. frequently C. continually D. regularly
43. A. carrying out B. figuring out C. breaking out D. picking out
44. A. chosen B. applied C. collected D. connected
45. A. efficient B. complete C. powerful D. positive
46. A. actively B. passively C. automatically D. artificially
47. A. strange B. similar C. different D. original
48 A fastened B. revealed C. tailored D. released
49. A. except for B. instead of C. such as D. due to
50. A. producing B. inventing C. promoting D. developing
51. A. qualification B. potential C. trend D. intention
52. A. normal B. formal C. additional D. alternate
53. A. concretely B. abstractly C thoroughly D. relatively
54. A. energy B. strength C. technology D. opportunity
55. A. focus B. extend C. improve D. transfer
41—55 CABDA CBDCA BCDAC
2.崇明区III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
How Climate Change Affects Airline Flights
Hot weather has forced dozens of commercial flights to be canceled at airports in the Southwest this summer. This flight-disturbing __41__ is a warning sign. Climate change is projected to have far-reaching __42__ --including sea level rise flooding cities and shifting weather patterns causing long-term declines in agricultural production. And there is evidence that it is beginning to affect the takeoff performance of commercial aircraft, with potential effects on airline __43__.
National and global transportation systems and the economic activity they support have been designed for the climate in which it all developed. In the aviation(航空) industry, airports and aircraft are designed for the weather conditions experienced __44__. Because the climate is changing, even fundamental elements like airports and key economic parts like air transportation may need to be __45__.
As scientists focused on the impacts of climate change and extreme weather on human society and natural ecosystems around the world, our research has quantified how extreme heat associated with our warming climate may affect __46__ around the world. We’ve found that major airports from New York to Dubai to Bangkok will see more frequent takeoff weight __47__ in the coming decades due to increasingly common hot temperatures, which can help reduce the aircraft’s weight so as to lower its required takeoff speed.
There is obvious evidence that extreme events such as heat waves and coastal flooding are happening with greater frequency and intensity than just a few decades ago. And if we __48__ to reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly in the next few decades, the frequency and intensity of these extremes is projected to increase dramatically.
The __49__ on aviation may be widespread. Many airports are built near sea level, putting them at risk of more frequent __50__ as oceans rise. The frequency and intensity of violent air movement may increase in some regions due to strengthening high-altitude(高海拔的) wind. Stronger winds would force airlines and pilots to change flight lengths and routings, potentially increasing fuel __51__.
Many departments of the economy, including the aviation industry, have yet to seriously __52__ the effects of climate change. The sooner, the better: Both airport construction and aircraft design take decades, and have __53__ effects. Today’s newest planes may well be flying in 40 or 50 years, and their __54__ are being designed now. The earlier climate impacts are understood and appreciated, the more effective and less costly adaptation can be. Those adaptations may even include innovative ways to dramatically reduce climate-altering emissions across the aviation industry, which would help reduce the problem while also __55__ it.
41. A. scheme B. heat C. shift D. mess
42. A. contributions B. confusions C. feedbacks D. consequences
43. A. pilots B. reservations C. costs D. accidents
44. A. historically B. enormously C. fundamentally D. domestically
45. A. retested B. implemented C. prospected D. reengineered
46. A. travels B. developments C. flights D. communications
47. A. disorders B. gains C. bans D. restrictions
48. A. happen B. fail C. aim D. promise
49. A. taxes B. effects C. viewpoints D. comments
50. A. flooding B. rotting C. repairing D. transferring
51. A. standard B. efficiency C. distribution D. consumption
52. A. consider B. avoid C. maximize D. demonstrate
53. A. greater B. different C. lasting D. direct
54. A. airports B. products C. contracts D. replacements
55. A. sneezing at B. responding to C. resulting in D. recovering from
41. B 42. D 43. C 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. D 48. B 49. B 50. A
51. D 52. A 53. C 54. D 55. B
3普陀区III. Reading Comprehension
Section A （15分）
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Words to Turn a Conversation Around
It’s not what you say, but it’s how you say it –isn’t it? According to a language expert, we may have this wrong. “We are pushed and pulled around by language far more than we (41)________,” says Elizabeth Stoke, professor of social interaction at Loughborough University. Stoke and her colleagues have (42)________ thousands of hours of recorded conversations, from customer services to mediation(调解) hotlines and police crisis (43)________. They discovered that certain words or phrases have the power to change the course of a conversation.
Some of these words are surprising, and (44)________ what we’ve been taught to believe. For example, in a study of conversations between doctors and patients, evidence showed that doctors who (45)________ options rather than recommended best solutions, got a better response, despite the suggestion from hospital guidelines to talk about the best interests of the patient. But, from conversation experts such as Stoke to FBI negotiators and communication coaches, we’re learning which words are likely to (46)________ or persuade us.
“’Hello’ is a really important word that can change the (51)________ of a conversation,” Stoke says. “It’s about how you respond to people who are what we call ‘first movers’ –people who say something really (52)________,” “It might be the work colleague s who are extremely angry to your desk with a complaint or the neighbor who (53)________ rude words about parking as you’re putting out the bins.” “What do you do with that person? Rather than respond in the same manner, saying something nice, such as a ve ry bright ‘Hello!’, socializes that other person a little bit.” Use it when you want to resist getting into a (54)________. “You have to be careful
not to sound too passive-aggressive,” Stoke says, “but just one friendly word in a bright tone can delete th e (55)________ of the conversation.”
41. A. suggest B. realize C. imply D. emphasize
42. A. analyzed B. addressed C. simplified D. discovered
43. A. instructions B. revolutions C. associations D. negotiations
44. A. get into B. turn away C. go against D. insist on
45. A. pointed B. inspired C. motivated D. listed
46. A. comfort B. defend C. support D. protect
47. A. actively B. positively C. negatively D. passively
48. A. finish B. reject C. refuse D. interrupt
49. A. persuade B. stimulate C. force D. tempt
50. A. interacted B. worked C. responded D. initiated
51. A. approach B. course C. evolution D. pattern
52. A. impractical B. unimaginative C. critical D. illogical
53. A. keeps back B. answers for C. agrees on D. launches into
54. A. conflict B. disaster C. strike D. damage
55. A. challenge B. debate C. worry D. silence
41-45 B A D C D 46-50 A C D A B 51-55 B C D A A
4.青浦区III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Michael Wang was a senior at James Logan High School, US, back in 2012. According to The New Yorker, he was confident that he could get into an Ivy League university, such as Harvard or Yale. He had a high GPA, __41__ at debating and co-founded a math club. He was also a talented pianist. __42__, his dream universities turned him down. His less talented classmates, who were Hispanic or African-American, were admitted into these schools. It made him wonder if he was __43__ because he was Asian.
On Oct 15, a lawsuit against Harvard brought on behalf of Asian-American students like Wang began. Students for Fair Admissions (SFFA), a US non-profit organization, __44__ Harvard for using racial balancing in their admissions process. Harvard has denied the __45__. The university says that it considers many factors when __46__ whether a student should be admitted, including academic performance and extracurricular activities. Harvard added that the number of Asian-Americans admitted to the school had great ly increased since 2010. “Race alone is never the reason a student is __47__ admission,” William Lee, a lawyer for Harvard, told the Guardian. “And race is never the reason a student is denied.”
Harvard is not the only university to have been accused of __48__ against Asian-Americans. In September, the US Justice Department began to __49__ whether Yale University discriminates against Asian-Americans. The case has __50__ a longstanding debate over affirmative action policies(平权法案政策) that allow universities to use race as a factor when considering applications. The policies __51__ benefit African-American and Latino students in an effort to make up for centuries of racial discrimination, according to Time magazine. According to The New York Times, the SFFA wants the use of race in the admissions process to be ended, __52__ that it causes inequality. “People should be judged on character and __53__,” However, in a statement, Harvard said that __54__ the race criterion would “reduce students’ opportunities to live and learn in a diverse campus environment”.
Although the case has just begun, the __55__ judgment “could influence admissions to US universities for
years to come,” according to Al Jazeera, a Qatar-based TV station.
41. A. crazy B. amazed C. gifted D. slow
42. A. Besides B. Fortunately C. Undoubtedly D. However
43. A. rejected B. dismissed C. enclosed D. stopped
44. A. trapped B. oppressed C. sued D. blamed
45. A. charge B. mistake C. claim D. complaint
46. A. confirming B. determining C. acknowledging D. surveying
47. A. robbed B. granted C. entitled D. convinced
48. A. preference B. favor C. opposition D. discrimination
49. A. investigate B. research C. wonder D. inquire
50. A. processed B. infected C. fueled D. brought
51. A. necessarily B. equally C. traditionally D. unintentionally
52. A. considering B. debating C. annoying D. arguing
53. A. academics B. strength C. benefit D. moralities
54. A. dropping B. setting C. implementing D. imposing
55. A. official B. existent C. gradual D. eventual
III. Reading Comprehension
41-55 CDACA BBDAC CDBAD
5.松江区III. Reading Comprehension
Section A （15分）
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Whether it’s from an awful breakup or a painful life event, some memories can return repeatedly to our mind for the entire lives. But, what if science can ___41___ your bad memories so that you can start all over again? As is known to all, memory is an incredibly complex ____42___. While scientists used to believe it was like a filing cabinet and particular memories were stored in different sections of the brain, we now know this is ___43___.
In fact, each memory is a brain wide process. If you end up remembering something, it’s because the cells in your brain are being fired, ___44___ new connections and links and literally rebuild the circuitry of your mind. And this change is partially ___45___ by proteins in the brain. So what if the proteins aren’t available?
41. A. refresh B. forget C. control D. erase
42. A. range B. process C. idea D. structure
43. A. incorrect B. evident C. partial D. complex
44. A. eliminating B. decreasing C. bringing D. building
45. A. inspired B. stopped C. identified D. perfected
46. A. By contrast B. On the contrary C. As a result D. For example
47. A. evaluation B. estimation C. deletion D. production
48. A. terrified B. critical C. current D. former
49. A. repetition B. creation C. function D. reproduction
50. A. uncontrolled B. complicated C. valuable D. missing
51. A. repeatedly B. effectively C. hardly D. consistently
52. A. Before B. Until C. After D. While
53. A. turn to B. respond to C. adapt to D. return to
54. A. surprisingly B. especially C. eventually D. similarly
55. A. suspicious B. careful C. painful D. fearful
41----45 DBADA 46----50 CCCBD 51----55 BCBCD
6.徐汇区III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
41.A. popular B. solar C. particular D. singular
42.A. employed B. evaluated C. distributed D. contributed
43.A. fruitful B. full C. beautiful D. normal
44.A. negatively B. alternatively C. extensively D. aggressively
45.A. journalist B. physicist C. chemist D. economist
46.A. closed B. opened C. fixed D. installed
47.A. introduced B. restricted C. donated D. deleted
48.A. stop B. adjust C. wind D. mend
49.A. Permanently B. Eventually C. Unfortunately D. Theoretically
50.A. reserve B. persevere C. preserve D. observe
51.A. places B. districts C. zones D. territories
52.A. interrupted B. tempted C. imported D. adopted
53.A. pleasing B. confusing C. convincing D. comforting
54.A. extended B. afforded C. abandoned D. defended
55.A. assembled B. combined C. abused D. modified
41-45 BADCD 46-50 AABBC 51-55 CDBAD
7 杨浦区III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
According to German novelist Heinrich Mann (1871-1950), a house without books is like a room without windows. Mann __41__ pointed out the value of books, but some researchers have found evidence that people with
books in their homes really do gain a window on the world.
A new study in the journal Social Science Research, published in October, suggests that people who grow up with more books are more likely to have educational __42__, and to achieve more in life, than people who grow up without them.
In the study, over 160,000 adults from 31 countries and regions were asked about the number of books there were in their homes when they were 16 years old. Then they were __43__ in literacy, numeracy (计算能力) and information communication technology.
The research shows that the number of books for each household __44__ greatly from country to country. __45__, the number of books is 27 in Turkey, 143 in the UK and 218 in Estonia. But "the total __46__ of home library size on literacy are large everywhere", according to researcher Joanna Sikora of Australian National University in a paper based on the study.
The researchers found that people who had lower levels of secondary education but had a large number of books at home got a(n) __47__ score as university graduates who grew up with only a few books.
The Guardian newspaper commented that "bookish adolescence makes for a good deal of educational advantage."
"Reading books in a young age can __48__ shortcomings not only in adult literacy but also numeracy: its impacts are __49__ to additional years of education," Sikora told Science Alert.
Apart from the educational benefits, growing up with more books also plays an important role in adult success.
"Early __50__ to books in the parental home matters because books are an essential part of routines and practices that __51__ lifelong cognitive（认知的）abilities", Sikora told Science Alert. These abilities are __52__ to future development.
Without doubt, the fact that we are moving toward a digital era could __53__ the importance of printed books. For now, __54__, "they still seem to __55__ quite a large positive benefit, which shows no sign of decreasing", researchers wrote in the paper.
41. A. simply B. definitely C. generally D. randomly
42. A. backgrounds B. advantages C. requirements D. development
43. A. estimated B. examined C. tested D. investigated
44. A. changes B. alters C. shifts D. varies
45. A. By comparison B. As a result C. For instance D. In total
46. A. effects B. expenses C. inputs D. contributions
47. A. higher B. lower C. average D. similar
48. A. make up for B. break up with C. live up to D. catch up with
49. A. senior B. essential C. equal D. familiar
50. A. addiction B. engagement C. devotion D. exposure
51. A. prove B. demonstrate C. enhance D. acquire
52. A. relevant B. crucial C. opposite D. compulsory
53. A. weaken B. highlight C. overestimate D. reflect
54. A. therefore B. however C. otherwise D. likewise
55. A. enjoy B. obtain C. maintain D. reduce
41-55 A B C D C A D A C D C B A B C
8.长宁区Ill. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Marmoset monkeys exist on a branch of the evolutionary tree that is distinct from the one that led to mans. But they constantly astonish researchers with __ 41___ behavior that seems pretty highly evolved. Their social organization and __ 42___ practices could have been the model for the phrase “It takes a village.” A dominant male and female breed, and their babies are carefully looked after by extended family members who then aren't free to breed themselves.
A new study further __ 43___ the marmoset’s reputation for admirable community values. Researchers report that these caregivers share their food more generously with little ones __ 44___ than when they’re surrounded by the watchful eyes of other community members. In complex societies where individuals band together for _ 45__ protection, researchers have come up with a few widely accepted explanations for selfless behavior. But specific acts, like sharing a delicious cricket（蟋蟀) with a begging baby marmoset, seem to need more _ 46__ explanation
One possibility is that an individual practices _ 47__ as a means of enhancing his status among peers. By _ 48__ that he is so well gifted with material goods that he can give some away, this do-gooder enhances his power within the group. That, in turn, may _ 49__ prospective mates. The other explanation for charitable behavior _ 50_ that kindnesses extended to others are simply the fees of group membership, which offers some future promise of a chance to mate. Failure to share would result in exclusion from the group and a loss of _ 51__ partners. Scientists call this the “pay to stay” model. Importantly, for both of these models to work, acts of kindness must have a(n) _ 52__. That suggests you would see more sharing in group settings; away from judging eyes, a caregiver might be more likely to keep food for himself or herself. And yet, in 2,581 tests conducted with 31 adult and 14 baby marmosets, the _ 53__ appeared to be true
41.A. animal B. careful C. social D. individual
42.A. evolving B communicating C organizing D. parenting
43.A shines B damages C. affects D protests
44.A. at play B in private C. on schedule D by accident
45.A. adequate B effective C. continual D. mutual
46.A. creative B complex C specific D. official
47.A. generosity B wisdom C independence D governance
48.A. promising B demonstrating C. pretending D. explaining
49.A. count on B. go after C. appeal to D. benefit from
50. A. assumes B. confirms C. enhances D. concludes
51. A. regular B. dominant C. potential D. previous
52. A. atmosphere B. audience C. feedback D. judge
53. A. statistics B. expectation C. argument D. opposite
54. A. responsibility B. punishment C. arrangement D. difficulty
55. A. strongly B. causally C. delicately D. fearlessly
41 -45 CDABD 36-50 CABCA 51-55 CBDBA
9虹口区III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that fits the context.
This article is for all of the teenagers out there. Even though _____41____you are years from being fully grown, society regularly expects you to adult. Yes, you are ___42______ in many ways: many of you drive and do so quite safely, and you handle schedules that would_____43____many adults. But you probably cannot process caffeine (咖啡因）as constantly as your parents can because of your still-growing bodies and brains.
I understand it feels grown-up to be drinking a cup of Starbucks. But all of this caffeine may worsen your anxiety, affect tonight's sleep and tomorrow's school performance, ___44______nutrient absorption and even cause real trouble when mixed with alcohol. The following four aspects may well ___45______the theme of this article.
The power of caffeine
Caffeine is widely considered a drug that is socially acceptable, universally used, even cool, but it still causes_____46____ symptoms such as headaches, fatigue and a lack of attention when removed from coffee-addicts, diets.
How much is healthy?
Caffeine is by no means a nutrient: you do not need it to be healthy. ____47_____, it is a substance that can leave you lacking nutrients because it has been shown to reduce calcium (钙). Caffeine probable causes the body to release water. And the more caffeinated drinks you consume, the less likely you are to drink water. So experts say that adolescents should consume_____48____amount of caffeine a day (≤100mg).
Caffeine's____49_____.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 65 percent of middle and higher schoolers are_____50____ to insufficient sleep on school nights. Some of their sleep problems can be mainly attributed to (归因于）caffeine, which can remain in the body for seven hours after _____51____, thus causing teens worse performance the next day. It is widely assumed that adequate sleep _____52____ proper growth and brain development. During childhood and adolescence, the brain goes through a period called synaptic pruning(突触修剪）when unnecessary connections are promoted.
Caffeine labelling
Caffeine is not listed on the Nutrition Facts column on food labels because it is not a ____53_____. It may be listed as an ingredient, but the amount is not required. Caffeine is now added to foods such as gum, candy and water, along with makeup and beauty products that ____54_____to reduce swelling (肿块).
41. A. potentially B. necessarily C. developmentally D. materially
42. A. mature B. experienced C. productive D. disciplined
43. A. delight B. frustrate C. liberate D. exclude
44. A. promote B. assist C. intensify D. discourage
45. A. call for B. account for C. turn to D. appeal to
46. A. withdrawal B. addiction C. nutrition D. infection
47. A. Therefore B. Instead C. Moreover D. Otherwise
48. A. initial B. sufficient C. moderate D. stable
49. A. reputations B. confirmations C. implications D. disadvantages
50. A. subjected B. alerted C. reduced D. opposed
51. A. stimulation B. concentration C. excitement D. consumption
52. A. results from B. contributes to C. benefits from D. attends to
53. A. therapy B. material C. nutrient D. substitute
54. A. fail B. appear C. promise D. happen
55. A. instructive B. comprehensive C. extensive D. alternative
41-55 CABDB ABCDA DBCCD
10.黄埔区Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Keeping The Taps Running in Thirsty Cities
Water covers 71% of Earth’s surface yet only 2% of it is accessible as a source of fresh water. ___41___ on this limited resources is rising, a trend likely to continue.
It is important to recognize that it is not just city residents who ___42___ water. Agriculture, industry and tourism often require more water than the municipal water supply. Globally, 70% of fresh water is ___43___ for agriculture, but locally in heavily irrigated（灌溉）areas this can increate to 90%. A healthy environment also requires fresh water, and the quality of available water is as important as its ___44___.
Water stress is not always caused by physical shortages in dry areas. ___45___ for water resources between different users within river catchments or basins can also be a cause.
Every thirsty city operates within its own context, ___46___ to the challenge of providing adequate water supplies. Cape Town, ___47___, has faced three years of drought during which winter rains failed to materialize. At the end of the 2017 rainy season the city faced the ___48___ of its dams running dry during 2018. The dams were only 37% full—in the same week four years before they were full to the top. In January 2018, it was ___49___ that Cape Town would reach Day Zero, when it would be forced to turn off the taps, in April. This was despite the city reducing its water use by more than half, from 1.2 billion litres a day in 2015 to fewer than 600 million litres, and working ___50___ with industry and agriculture to reduce demand.
On February 1, the authorities put in place a strict limit of 50 litres of water per person per day. ___51___, in Britain this is considered enough for a five-minute shower of half a washing machine cycle on full load.
In addition, a ban was placed on using ___52___ water for gardens, water management devices were installed at household with a high water use and the water pressure was reduced to cut demand and leaks. At the same, the city launched a media ___53___ to change habits and introduced higher duties. This is not without its costs; agriculture and tourism, both significant areas of employment, have ___54___. It is a classic example of the problem of water economics-the cost of water is low but the cost of a lack of water is very high.。