时态语态
英语中的时态与语态-精讲
英语中的16种时态⑶现在进行时→ is/am/are +doing （v-ing ）⑷过去进行时→ was/were +doing （v-ing ）⑸现在完成时→ have/has + done （过去分词）⑹过去完成时→ had +done （过去分词）⑺一般将来时 →⑻过去将来时 →⑼将来进行时→ shall/will be +doing （v-ing ）⑽现在完成进行时→ have/has been +doing （v-ing ）⑾过去将来进行时→ should/would be +doing （v-ing ）⑿将来完成时→shall/will have +done （过去分词）⒀将来完成进行时→ shall/will have been +doing （v-ing ）⒁过去完成进行时→had been +doing （v-ing ） ⒂过去将来完成时→⒃过去将来完成进行时→ should/would have been +doing （v-ing ）16种时态中的被动语态主动：A + 一般动词（do ）+ B被动：B + be done （过去分词）+ by Aeg. You play basketball.⑴一般现在时：The by you.→⑵一般过去时：→⑶现在进行时：The by you.→⑷过去进行时：The by you.→⑸现在完成时：The by you.→⑹过去完成时：The by you.→⑺一般将来时：The by you.→⑻过去将来时：The by you.→⑼将来进行时：The by you.→⑽现在完成进行时：The by you.→⑾过去将来进行时：Theby⑿将来完成时：The by you.→⒀将来完成进行时：Theby you.→⒁过去完成进行时：The by you.→⒂过去将来完成时：The by you.→⒃过去将来完成进行时：Theby you.注：红体字部分为常用时态的被动形式附录：动词（被动形式）搭配表。
时态和语态
时态和语态A. 时态一、一般现在时一般现在时通常表示习惯动作、一般状态、客观规律和永恒真理;如主语为第三人称单数, 动词后需加s或es;He always gets up late on Sundays.习惯动作He lives on a lonely island in the Pacific Ocean.一般状态The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 客观规律提示在以等引导的时间状语从句中, 或以if, unless等引导的条件状语从句中, 通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时;I'll ring you as soon as he comes back. as soon as, when, after一般现在时表将来时You'll succeed if you try you best. 一般现在时表将来时二、现在进行时现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作, 也表示目前一段时间内正在进行崐的活动;表示后一种情况时, 动作不一定正在进行;They are putting up the scaffolding.说话时正在进行的动作Steve is studying Chinese in Beijing. 目前一段时间内正在进行的活动提示1. 并非所有动词都有进行时, 有些表示状态和感觉的动词通常无进行时, 除非这类动词的词义发生变化;这类动词有:be, love, like, hate, believe, think, feel, seem等;Do you see anyone over there 表示状态和感觉的动词通常无进行时Are you seeing someone off 词义发生变化2. 现在进行时也可表示将来的动作: 它指按人们的计划、安排将要发生的动作或指即将开始的动作;I'm leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 表示将来的动作Imagine I'm seeing the Mona Lisa. 表示将来的动作3. 现在进行时也可用来给习惯性动作加上赞赏或讨厌等感情色彩;She is always cooking some delicious food for her family. 感情色彩He is always finding fault with his employees. 感情色彩三、现在完成时现在完成时表示目前已完成的动作或刚刚完成的动作, 也可表示从过去某一刻发生, 现仍延续着的动作或情况;此时态强调动作对现在的影响;The conference has lasted for five days. 已完成的动作He's just bought an nuusual taxi. 刚刚完成的动作提示1. 当句子中出现表示到现在为止这段时间的状语时, 谓语动词一般用现在完成时;此类状语有up to till now, so far, these days, this summer, for…后接一段时间的短语, since…等;We haven't seen each other again since we graduated in 1987.2. 句中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时主要取决于动作是否对现在有影响;What did she say about itI have lived in Nanjing for 15 years. 对现在有影响四、一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个特定时间发生且一下子就完成的动作, 也可表示过去习惯性的动作;一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响, 只说明过去;I had a word with Julia this morning. 一下子就完成的动作He smoked forty cigarettes a day until he gave up. 习惯性的动作提示 1. 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用, 如yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when …等;2.“used to＋动词原形”表示“过去常常”而现在已停止的习惯动作;He used to work fourteen hours a day. 过去常常另外, 注意区别“used to”和“be used to”;后者意为“习惯于…”, to为介词, 后跟名词或动名词;She is used to hard work.她习惯于艰苦工作;五、过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某时正在发生的动作, 也可表示过去某段时间内正在发生或反复发生的动作;Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me his experiences as a young man. 过去正在发生Bill was coughing all night long. 过去反复发生六、过去完成时过去成时表示过去某时之前已完成的动作或状况;在时间上, 它属于“过去的过去”;在句中常有明显的参照动作或有表示“到过去某时为止”的时间崐状语; By the end of the war, the small workshop had become a large factory. They found that a stream had formed in the field.七、一般将来时一般将来时表示某个将来时间会发生的动作或情况, 也可表示将来反复发生的动作或习惯性的动作;He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic. 将来发生The students will have five English classes per week this term. 将来反复提示be going to, be to, be about to等也可表示将来发生的动作, 但它们常常表示打算、计划、安排和即将要发生的动作;will表示说话人认为、相信、希望或假定要发生的动作或情况;八、将来进行时将来时间时表示将来某时正在发生或持续的动作;其构成: will+be+动词的现在分词;I'll be reading this time tomorrow. 将来正在进行Most of the young people in the town will be meeting them at the station.持续九、将来完成时将来完成时表示将来某时前已完成的动作, 它与可用来表示推测;They will have stayed here for five months next week. 将来完成By the end of next month, they will have studied twenty passages. 推测十、现在完成进行时现在完成时间时表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作;此动作或情况可能已停止, 也可能继续下经也可表示刚结束的动作;I've been working for IBM for 15 years.I've been waiting for an hour but she still hasn't come.提示现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别是: 前者一般表示已结束的动作或情况, 它强调对现在的影响;后者一般表示仍在进行或刚刚还在进行的动作或情况, 它强调动作的延续性;I have thought it over.我已经考虑过这件事了;I have been thinking it over.我一直在考虑这件事;Be carful Peter have been painting the car.注意彼得刚才还在给这部车上油漆;油漆尚未干;B. 语态被动语态常用于下列几种情况:一、动作的执行者无需指出或不明确时Printing was introduced into Europe from China.Rome was not built in a day.二、为了强调动作的承受者Four people were killed and thirty-one injured in the bomb attack. Susan was singled out for praise yesterday.三、为了修辞的需要He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door.Yesterdayu he visited our university and was welcomed by the President.提示1. 除及物动词外, 一些相当于及物动词的短语动词也可作用被动态形式, 除个别情况外, 短语动词一般不拆开使用;This matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.短语2. 不及物动词或相当于一个不及物动词的短语动词和表示状态的动词或短语动词无被动态形式, 如happen, rise, occur, take place, break out等; 以及lack, fit, suit, equal, become, resemble, befall, consist of,look like 等;The story took place in 1949.3. 将主动态形式改为被动态形式时如遇到动词后跟双宾语的情况, 我们只能将其中之一变成主语, 另一个保持不变;当直接宾语变成主语时, 保持在原位的间接宾语前需加介词to;I gave my hasband a tie as a birthday pressent.→My hasband was given a tie as a birthday present.→A tie was given to my husband as a birthday present.。
时态和语态
时态和语态【时态】英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需用不同的动词形式表示，这种不同的动词形式称为时态。
常见时态及用法：1.一般现在时：表示现在状态和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作、状态；表示客观现实和真理（do/does）2.一般过去时：在过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态（did）3.一般将来时：在将来某一时刻要发生的动作或存在的状态（will/shall do）4.过去将来时：在过去某一时刻看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态（would do）5.现在进行时：表示现在或现阶段正在发生的动作（am/is/are doing）6.过去进行时：表示在过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作（was/were doing）7.将来进行时：表示将来某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作(will/shall be doing)8.现在完成时：表示过去已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果影响到现在；也表示过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态（have/has done）9.过去完成时：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即“过去的过去”（had done）10.现在完成进行时：表示一个动作从过去就开始一直延续到现在并有可能继续下去（have/has been doing）【语态】语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
主语是动作的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
被动语态由“be+过去分词”构成，不同时态的被动语态的形式由be来体现巩固练习11. I wonder why Jenny _____us recently. We should have heard from her by now.A. hasn’t writtenB. doesn’t writeC. won’t writeD. hadn’t written2. — When will you come to see me，Dad? —I will go to see you when you ___ the training course.A. will have finishedB. will finishC. are finishingD. finish3.You can’t move in right now. The house _____. A. has painted B. is painted C. is being painted D. is painting4.I don’t think Jim saw me，he ________ into space.A. just staredB. was just staringC. has just staredD. had just stared5. His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazines he ________.A. had long been expectedB. had long expectedC. has long expectedD. was long expected6. My uncle said that he would telephone but I ________ from him so far.A. didn’t hearB. hadn’t heardC.haven’t heardD. won’t hear7. ——Your phone number again? I _____ quite catch it. ————It’s 9568442.A. didn’tB. couldn’tC. don’tD. can’t巩固练习2 用所给动词的适当形式填空1. The house belongs to my aunt but she ___________________(not live) here any more.2. This machine _____________________(not work). It has n’t worked for years.3. If their marketing plans succeed, they______________________(increase) their sales by 20 percent.4. Population experts predict that most people _____________(live) in cities in the near future.5. He _____________(play) football regularly for many years when he was young.6. -- Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?-- Yes, since she __________________(join) the Chinese Society.7. Teenagers _______________(damage) their health because they play computer games too much.8. I called Tom many times last night, but I couldn’t get through. Her brother ______________ (talk) on the phone all the time!9. John promised his doctor he ___________________ (not smoke), and he has never smoked ever since.10.This time tomorrow, I__________________ (lie) on the beach11. So far this year we ___________ (see) a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.12. The hotel wasn’t particularly good. But I ____________ (stay) in many worse hotels.13. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we ____________ (know) each other for years.14. -- I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.-- I think so. He _____________________ (prepare) for it for months.15. --Did you go to the show last night?--Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _______________(invite).16. -- What’s that noise?-- Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine_______________ (test).17. I like these English songs and they ___________________ (teach) many times on the radio.。
(完整版)高中语法之常用时态语态详解
第四章时态和语态一．动词的时态英语时态用共有十六种时态，其中常用的有8种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。
一. 一般现在时.1.构成. be动词：am is are ; 其他动词用动词原形，当主语是第三人称单数时要在谓语动词后加“s”，其变化规则与名词变复数一致。
2.用法. 1). 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
如usually, always, often, seldom, never, every...,eg. I leave home for school at 7 every morning.I don’t leave home for school at 7 every morning.Do I leave home for school at 7 every morning?He usually gets up early.He doesn’t usually get up early.Does he usually get up early?2) 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。
eg. The earth moves around the sun.The earth doesn’t move around the sun 否定句Does the earth move around the sun? 疑问句Shanghai lies in the east of China.Shanghai doesn’t lie in the east of China 否定句Does Shanghai lie in the east of China? 疑问句Water boils at 100 centigrade degrees.3) 表示格言或警句中eg. Pride goes before a fall.注意. 此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
16种时态及语态总结
16种时态及语态总结在英语学习中，时态和语态是非常重要的语法知识点。
掌握好这 16 种时态及语态，对于准确表达思想、理解他人的意思都有着至关重要的作用。
接下来，让我们一起详细了解一下这 16 种时态及语态。
一、一般时态1、一般现在时一般现在时表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
其构成是主语＋动词原形（当主语是第三人称单数时，动词要加 s 或 es）。
例如：“I play basketball every day”（我每天打篮球。
）“He likes music”（他喜欢音乐。
）2、一般过去时一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
其构成是主语＋动词的过去式。
比如：“I went to Beijing last year”（我去年去了北京。
）“She was a teacher”（她曾经是一名老师。
）3、一般将来时一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。
常见的构成有“will ＋动词原形”和“be going to ＋动词原形”。
例如：“I will visit my grandparents tomorrow”（我明天将去看望我的祖父母。
）“She is goi ngto have a party”（她打算举办一个派对。
）二、进行时态1、现在进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。
其构成是“be（am/is/are）＋现在分词”。
例如：“I am reading a book now”（我现在正在读书。
）2、过去进行时过去进行时表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。
其构成是“was/were ＋现在分词”。
比如：“He was playing football at this time yesterday”（昨天这个时候他正在踢足球。
）3、将来进行时将来进行时表示将来某个时刻正在进行的动作。
其构成是“will be ＋现在分词”。
例如：“I will be studying English at 8 o'clock tomorrow evening”（明天晚上 8 点我将正在学习英语。
英语时态和语态
英语时态一、一般现在时表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。
基本构成：主语+动原或动词单三+其他如是be动词应为am, is, are①一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：often,usually,sometimes,always,everyday等They go to the Palace Museum once a year.They often discuss business in the evening.②表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态如：The earth turns round the sun.Light travels faster than sound.③表示按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。
如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.④在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。
如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.⑤一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。
如：Here comes the bus. (车来了)There goes the bell.(铃响了)。
⑥在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter ＋宾语从句，从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.⑦在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时。
英语八种时态及语态
英语八种时态及语态一．现在进行时态（正在进行）1．结构：Be + V- ing . 被动语态结构am/is /are + being+ p.p2．关键词；look , listen , now, at the moment , at presente. g The students ----------( play ) at five o’clock in the afternoon.二．一般现在时态（经常性，反复性）1．结构 A. be型am/ is are + n / adj/ prep phrase被动语态结构am/is/are +p.pe. g I am a student . / He is tired . / They are at home.一般疑问句将be 提前，否定句在be 后加not.B．行为动词：1). S+ V （主语除第三人称单数）e. g We study English. / Do you study English ? / We don’t study English. 一般疑问句加助动词do ,否定句加助动词don’t.They do their homework. / Do they do their homework ? / They don’t do their homework.2). S + V（单三）。
主语是第三人称（he, she, your mother, lily）; 动词第三人称变化相当于名词变复数。
E. g His brother studies hard every day. /Does his brother study hard every day ?His brother doesn’t study hard every day.一般疑问句在加Does, 否定句加doesn’t. 后要还原动词原形。
e. g Her sister does some cooking in the evening. / Does her sister do some cooking in theevening .? Her sister doesn’t do some cooking in the evening.3. 关键词：every day ( week / month / year) / in the morning ( afternoon / evening)On Monday (s) at weekend (s)Always /often / usually /sometimes= at times. Once a week （how often）三．一般过去时态（过去的动作，状态）1．结构。
英语中的时态和语态
英语中的时态和语态时态和语态是英语语法中非常重要的概念。
掌握时态和语态对于正确理解和运用英语语言至关重要。
本文将深入探讨英语中的时态和语态，帮助读者更好地掌握这两个概念。
一、时态时态是表示动作或状态发生的时间的一种语法形式。
英语中有12种基本时态，分为三个时态组：一般时态、进行时态和完成时态。
1. 一般时态一般时态用于表示习惯性、经常性或普遍性的动作或状态。
它包括简单现在时、简单过去时和简单将来时。
- 简单现在时：表示现在的状态或经常性的动作。
例如：“I eat breakfast every morning.”（我每天早上吃早餐。
）- 简单过去时：表示过去发生的动作或状态。
例如：“She studied English last night.”（她昨晚学习了英语。
）- 简单将来时：表示将来发生的动作或状态。
例如：“They will go to the beach tomorrow.”（他们明天将去海滩。
）2. 进行时态进行时态用于表示正在进行的动作。
它包括现在进行时、过去进行时和将来进行时。
- 现在进行时：表示现在正在进行的动作。
例如：“I am reading a book ri ght now.”（我正在读一本书。
）- 过去进行时：表示过去某一时间点正在进行的动作。
例如：“She was cooking dinner at 6 o'clock yesterday.”（昨天6点她正在做晚饭。
）- 将来进行时：表示将来某一时间点正在进行的动作。
例如：“They will be watching a movie at this time tomorrow.”（明天此时他们将在看电影。
）3. 完成时态完成时态用于表示已经完成的动作。
它包括现在完成时、过去完成时和将来完成时。
- 现在完成时：表示过去某一时间点发生的动作对现在造成的影响。
例如：“I have finished my homework.”（我已经完成了作业。
英语语法：动 词 的 时 态 和 语 态
英语语法：动词的时态和语态语态和时态学习英语的两大基础,是构成英语句型的关键,掌握了它们就为学好英语打下了坚实的基础。
所以用时必须熟练而准确。
小编在这里整理了相关知识，快来学习学习吧!一、一般现在时1、表示经常发生的习惯性的、现在反复出现的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有：always,usually,seldom, sometimes, every day, now and then, once a week 等。
2、表示眼下或目前等现在时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，这种状态带有一定的持续性。
3、表示客观事实或普遍真理。
4、书报的标题，故事的叙述，小说、戏剧、电影等情节介绍，图片的说明。
5、时间表、时刻表、日程表、节目单、课程表等按规定将要发生的动作，只限于 go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come 等动词。
6、在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示将来的动作。
注意：一般现在时可以用于定语从句或宾语从句中表示将来。
7、用在某些表达中，表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
Here comes the bus!How it rains!二、一般过去时等1、表示在过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态，与现在没有关系。
常用的时间状语有：yesterday, last night, at that time 等。
2、表示在过去某一段时间里反复出现的动作或状态，与现在没有关系。
3、用 used to do 或would do 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
4、有些情况发生的时间没清楚表明，但实际上是“刚才，刚刚”发生的，属于过去时间，应使用过去时态。
常见的有 I didn’t know…或 I forgot…等。
5、一般过去时可与 today, this week, this month 等时间状语连用。
三、一般将来时1、will/shall do(1)表示将来会出现的动作或状态。
高中英语 动词时态和语态
4. 现在进行时 【例】 We are waiting for you now. 我们正在等你。 【例】 He is teaching in a middle school. 他在一所中学教书。 【例】 I'm meeting my father at the station at 5 o'clock. 我五点要去车站接我的父亲。 （1）现在进行时的构成 现在进行时的构成形式为：am/is/are+v.-ing。v.-ing形式的变化规则如下:
ONE If you don't hurry, you will miss the train. 如果你不快点儿，你就会
赶不上火车。 表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势； Fish will die without water. 离开水，鱼就会死。 表示偶然的、临 时的决定。 －Do you know Mr. Smith has come to our town? －No.
Mrs. Peter went to the park to have a walk every day last year. 彼得太太去年每天都到公园去散步。
I went to the cinema once a week when I was at school. 我上学时每周去看一场电影。
ONE ③表示过去连续发生的动作。这种情况下，往往没有表示过去的时间
walk. 她早早起床、提水，打扫房间，然后出去散步。
④在表示时间、条件等的状语从句中代替过去将来时。
They said they would let me know as soon as they got there. 他们说只要他们一到那儿就会马上通知我。
英语语法中的动词时态和语态
英语语法中的动词时态和语态动词时态和语态是英语语法中非常重要的概念。
时态表示动作发生的时间，而语态则表示动作的主动与被动关系。
掌握好动词时态和语态的使用，可以帮助我们更准确地表达自己的意思，提高英语写作和口语表达的能力。
一、动词时态1. 现在时态现在时态用来表示现在正在进行的动作或状态。
例如：I am writing an article.（我正在写一篇文章。
）2. 过去时态过去时态用来表示过去发生的动作或状态。
例如：She studied English last night.（昨晚她学习了英语。
）3. 将来时态将来时态用来表示将来要发生的动作或状态。
例如：We will go to the beach tomorrow.（我们明天要去海滩。
）4. 现在完成时态现在完成时态用来表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果。
例如：I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了作业。
）5. 过去完成时态过去完成时态用来表示过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作。
例如：She had already left when I arrived.（当我到达时，她已经离开了。
）6. 将来完成时态将来完成时态用来表示将来某一时间点之前将会完成的动作。
例如：By theend of this month, I will have graduated from university.（到本月底，我将已经从大学毕业了。
）二、动词语态1. 主动语态主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如：He wrote a letter.（他写了一封信。
）2. 被动语态被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
例如：The letter was written by him.（这封信是他写的。
）动词的时态和语态的正确使用对于表达准确的意思至关重要。
下面是一些使用动词时态和语态的注意事项：1. 时态的一致性在一篇文章或一句话中，时态应该保持一致，不要随意变换时态，以免造成混淆。
时态与语态的区别
时态与语态的区别时态与语态是英语中的两个重要概念，它们在语言表达中起着决定性的作用。
时态指的是动词所表示的动作或状态发生的时间，而语态则表示句子中的主语和动词之间的关系。
本文将详细讨论时态与语态的区别，并举例说明它们的应用。
一、时态的定义与用法时态是通过动词的形式来表示动作或状态发生的时间。
在英语中，常用的时态有以下几种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和将来完成时等。
1. 一般现在时：表示经常性的、普遍性的或现在的动作或状态。
例如，“I go to school every day”（我每天去学校）。
2. 一般过去时：表示过去的动作或状态。
例如，“She played football yesterday”（她昨天踢足球）。
3. 一般将来时：表示将来的动作或状态。
例如，“They will visit their grandparents next week”（他们下周将去看望他们的祖父母）。
4. 现在进行时：表示现在正在进行的动作。
例如，“He is reading a book now”（他正在读一本书）。
5. 过去进行时：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
例如，“They were playing basketball at 5 o'clock yesterday”（昨天五点钟他们正在打篮球）。
6. 将来进行时：表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。
例如，“We will be having a meeting at this time tomorrow”（明天这个时候我们将在开会）。
7. 现在完成时：表示过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。
例如，“I have studied English for ten years”（我已经学英语十年了）。
8. 过去完成时：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作。
例如，“She had finished her homework before she went to bed”（她在睡觉前已经完成了她的家庭作业）。
时态及语态
时态及语态：一、时态：1、一般现在时：（1）结构：be动词用：am, is, are实义动词用：do/does（第三人称单数：he/she/it）（2）用法：表示经常、反复发生的动作always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, rarely, every day/week/month/year, once/twice a week, every two weeks….2、一般过去时：（1）结构：be动词用：was, were实义动词用：did（过去式）（2）用法：表示过去某时发生的动作yesterday, last week/month/year, …ago, in the past, in 1981, the other day, 去世的人….注意：（1）after的用法：表示从过去某时间开始向后推算，需用过去时He left his hometown in 1995 and came back after 3 years.（2）used to do 过去常常（曾经，现在已经不做了）My father used to play basketball when he was young.比较：be used to 习惯于，这里的to是介词，后面需要跟上名词或动名词I am used to the life in Shanghai.I am used to living in Shanghai.3、现在进行时：（1）结构：am/is/are + doing（现在分词）（2）用法：(a)表示说话时正在发生的动作：look, listen, nowLook! It’s raining outside.(b)表示现阶段发生的动作：these daysWhat are you doing these days?(c)表示即将发生的动作，动词通常是：go, come, arrive, leaveMy father is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.Mary is arriving in Shanghai next week.(d)表示某种情绪：She always helps others. 陈述事实She is always helping others.表示赞美4、过去进行时：（1）结构：was/were + doing（现在分词）（2）用法：表示过去某时刻正在发生的动作：this time yesterday, at 9 last night, at that moment….注意：表示故事背景的动词（延续性动词用过去进行时），表示突发的动作（瞬间动词用一般过去时）When I was walking along the street, I saw a movie star.What were you doing when the fire broke out?5、现在完成时：（1）结构：have/has（第三人称：he/she/it）+ done（过去分词）（2）用法：（a）从过去开始的动作，持续到现在：I have learnt English for 12 years.I have learnt English since 1995.注意：瞬间动词作完成时态不可以加上for一段时间“我哥哥参军已经三年了”（中译英）My brother has joined the army for three years.（误）如改为：My brother joined the army three years ago. 语法上是对的，但是一般过去时只能表示当时发生的事情，至于后来如何没有办法来表现，因此这样翻译还是不完整。
什么是时态和语态
什么是时态和语态？时态和语态是英语语法中两个重要的概念。
1. 时态（Tense）：时态表示动作或状态发生的时间。
英语中有多种时态，包括过去时、现在时和将来时等。
每种时态都有不同的动词形式和词组，用于准确地表示动作发生的时间。
-过去时（Past Tense）：用于表示在过去发生的动作或状态。
例如，"I played soccer yesterday."（我昨天踢足球了。
）-现在时（Present Tense）：用于表示现在正在进行的动作或状态。
例如，"She sings beautifully."（她唱得很好。
）-将来时（Future Tense）：用于表示将来即将发生的动作或状态。
例如，"We will meet tomorrow."（我们明天会见面。
）时态的正确使用可以帮助我们准确地描述动作发生的时间，使语言更加清晰和具体。
2. 语态（Voice）：语态表示动作的执行者和承受者之间的关系。
英语中常见的有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
-主动语态（Active Voice）：在主动语态中，动作的执行者是主语。
例如，"She wrote a letter."（她写了一封信。
）-被动语态（Passive Voice）：在被动语态中，动作的执行者变成了宾语，而主语则成为受动者。
例如，"The letter was written by her."（这封信是她写的。
）被动语态常用于强调动作的接受者或不知道动作执行者的情况。
它可以通过在谓语动词前加上助动词"be"和过去分词形式来构成。
正确使用语态可以使句子更加灵活和多样化，同时也有助于表达不同的语义和信息。
时态和语态是英语语法中重要的概念，对于准确表达和理解英语句子至关重要。
通过学习和练习不同的时态和语态，我们可以提高语言表达的准确性和流利度，使我们的英语交流更加自如和高效。
时态和语态
时态和语态一．一般现在时1.表示经常性，习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与频度副词及表示现在的时间状语连用。
例如：always, often, usually, sometimes, hardly ever, never, frequently, on Sundays, every day(week,month,year...),once/twice a week, monthly, every+基数词+可数名词复数, yearlyI read English every morning. There are buses to the station every ten minutes.2.表示主语目前的性格，特征，状态或能力等。
My father is a teacher.3.表示客观事实，普遍真理，格言等。
The sun rises in the east. The earth goes round the sun.The teacher said that the earth _____(go) round the sun.4.在时间，条件，让步状语从句中表示将来的动作或状态，可以用一般现在时代替一般将来时，主句仍用一般将来时I’ll tell him about it as soon as he _____(come). If it____(be) fine tomorrow, we’ll go shopping.5.表示按规定，计划，安排，时间表等马上要发生的事，常与具体的时间状语连用。
仅限少数表示短暂意义的动词。
例如：come,go, arrive, leave, begin, start, take off, finish, stop.The train _____(leave)at 4:30.二．一般过去时1.表示过去的习惯，过去经常或一次性发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，例如：yesterday, in1900, the other day, ...days/years ago, once upon a time, the day before yesterday, last week/month/year.The boy usually _____(go) to school by bike last year. He _____(begin) to study English three years ago.2.有些动作发生的时间没有具体表明，但实际上是“刚才，刚刚”发生，应用一般过去时。
英语时态与语态
• • • • • • • 用法： A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。 B) 习惯用语。 C) 经常性、习惯性动作。 例：He always helps others. （他总是帮助别人。） D) 客观事实和普遍真理。尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持 主句、从 句时态一致。 E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动 、停、开始、 、 结束、继续”等的动词 ）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、 、 轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。 例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon. （下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。） How often does this shuttle bus run? （这班车多久一趟？） F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事 情。 例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成这份报告 的时候，我就已经等了将近3个小时了。）
•
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
9. 一般将来时
用法： A) 基本结构是will / shall do。 例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.（我们将送给她一个玻璃的手 工制品，作为给她的生日礼物。） B) 有些动词，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般进行时，并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用，可以表示将来时。 例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.（我妈妈下周将来看 我，并会呆到5月。） C) 表示“打算去……，要……”时，可用be going to do。 例：This is just what I am going to say.（这正是我想说的。） D) 表示“即将、正要”时，可用be about to do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。 例：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.（别担心，我马上就给你做一次 仔细的检查。） E) "be to do"的5种用法： a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。 例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.（星期一你准会在实验室见到她。） b) 该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一种命令、规劝 性语气。 例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子 们，你们必须 上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。） F) 同样可以表示“正要、将要”的意思的句型是be on the point of doing。 例：The coach is on the point of giving up the game because our team has been scored 7 points. （教练想要放弃这场比赛了，因为对方已经射进了7个球。） I was on the point of telephoning him when his letter arrived. “当他的信到的时候我正要打电话给他。”
英语16种时态和语态一览表
英语16种时态和语态英语中的时态和语态有很多种，以下是其中16种时态和语态的一览表：1. 一般现在时（Simple Present Tense）：表示经常性、习惯性的动作或真理。
例句：I eat breakfast every morning.（我每天早上吃早餐。
）2. 现在进行时（Present Continuous Tense）：表示正在进行的动作。
例句：She is studying for her exams.（她正在为考试学习。
）3. 现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）：表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响。
例句：He has already finished his homework.（他已经完成了作业。
）4. 现在完成进行时（Present Perfect Continuous Tense）：表示过去开始并一直持续到现在的动作。
例句：They have been playing basketball for two hours.（他们已经打了两个小时的篮球了。
）5. 一般过去时（Simple Past Tense）：表示过去发生的动作或状态。
例句：I went to the park yesterday.（昨天我去了公园。
）6. 过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense）：表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
例句：She was watching TV when I called her.（我给她打电话时，她正在看电视。
）7. 过去完成时（Past Perfect Tense）：表示过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作。
例句：He had finished his work before he left.（他离开之前已经完成了他的工作。
）8. 过去完成进行时（Past Perfect Continuous Tense）：表示过去某个时间点之前一直在进行的动作。
时态与语态
时态与语态一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词否定形式：①am/is/are+ not; ②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。
三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.基本结构：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
四、现在完成时：概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.基本结构：have/has + done否定形式：have/has + not +d one.一般疑问句：have或has。
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I．根据句意，用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. It is a fine day. The sun _____ (shine) brightly.2. They ____ (visit) the Science Museum next Sunday.3.Mr Brown ___ (live) in Beijing since he came to China.4. Mr Wang __ (teach) us English two years ago.5. The Smiths ___ ( watch) TV at this time last night.6. We ____ (learn) about ten English songs by the end of last term.7. Father said that he ____ (buy) a new bike for me the next Friday.8. Bill isn’t here. He ___ (chat) with his friends in the classroom.9. The teacher said that the moon ___ (go) round the earth.10. The Young Pioneers will go to the zoo if it _____ (not rain) this Sunday.11. Listen! They _____ (talk) about the new film.12. Jim asked us what _____ (happen) in China in 1976.13. My mobile phone _____ (steal) on a bus last week.14. The host _____ (interview) the little boy just now.15. TheGreens ____(watch) TV now.16. He said that he ______(ring) me up when he got there.17. We ____(learn) English for about three years.18. My brother_____ (join) the League in 1997.19. The farmers _____(pick) apples when I saw them.20. The red skirt __ (cost) the girl forty yuan.21. The film _____(begin) when I got to the cinema.22. The girl told me that she wanted to be an English teacher when she _____(grow) up.23. My sister is a student and she ____(study) at a middle school nearby.24. Mr Green ___(travel) to several places in South China since he came here.25. You ____(catch) the early bus if you get up early.26. you been___ (wear) glasses all the time?27. I’ll go home as soon as I ____(finish) my homework.29. Most science books are _______(write) in English.30. I _____ (stay) there for two months last year.II．根据句意，选择填空。
31. Tell Lily to call me as soon as she ____.A. will arriveB. gets thereC. has goneD. reach here32. ----Hi, Kate. You look tired. What’s the matter? ----I ______ well last night.A. didn’t sleepB. don’t sleepC. haven’t sleptD. won’t sleep33. ----Excuse me, look at the sign over there, please. Could you stop smoking? ----Sorry, I ____ that.A. didn’t seeB. don’t seeC. won’t seeD. can’t see34. ----Well, I found this. I think it must be yours.----My watch! Thank you. Where _____it.A. do you findB. had you foundC. were you findingD. did you find35. ----Do you know when Dr White ____ for dinner this evening?----No, but I think he ____ when he is free.A. will come; comesB. will come; will comeC. comes; comesD. comes; will come36. Look at th ose black clouds. It _____ rain. Let’s hurry.A. maybeB. wouldC. hasD. is going to37. ----Jimmy is leaving for a holiday. ----Really? Where ____ he ____?A. has; goneB. will; goC. did; goD. does; go38. ----Shall we go shopping now? ----Sorry, I can't. I ____ my shirts.A. washB. washesC. washed C. am washing39. ----I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.----Oh, I am sorry. I ____ dinner at my friend's home.A. haveB. hadC. was havingD. have had40. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower ____ thousands of visitors since 1995.A. attractedB. attractsC. has attractedD. will attract41. ----____you ____ your e-mails today?----Not yet. There's something wrong with my computer.A. Have; checkedB. Did; checkC. Do; checkD. Are; checking42. ----How do you like Beijing, Mr Smith? ----Oh, I ___ such a beautiful city before.A. don't visitB. didn't visitC. haven't visitedD. hadn't visited43. ----Tom, may I borrow your book Chicken Soup? ----Sorry, I ____ it to Mary.A. lentB. have lentC. had lentD. lend44. ----Mum, may I go out to play football?-----____you ____ your homework yet?A. Have; finishedB. Do; finishedC. Are; finishingD. Did; finish45. ----The train is leaving right now, but David hasn't arrived yet.----Well, he said he ____here on time.A. cameB. will beC. would comeD. can be46. ----Why didn't you go to the cinema yesterday? -----Because I ____ the film before.A. had seenB. have seenC. have watchedD. has watched47. I don't think John saw me. He ____ a book at that moment.A. just readB. has just readC. was just readingD. had just read48. Mr Smith ____ a book about China last year but I don't know whether he has finished it.A. has writtenB. wroteC. had writtenD. was writing49. Mr White ____ the newspaper while his daughter ____TV.A. has read; was watchingB. was reading; watchedC. was reading; was watchingD. reading; watched50. ---- I ____ you at the meeting. Why? ----I was ill.A. sawB. have seenC. not seeD. didn't see51. The 29th Olympic Games ____ in Beijing in 2008.A. holdB. will holdC. will be heldD. held52. Hurry up! The play ____ for ten minutes.A. has been on D. beganB. has begunC. had begun53. ----May I speak to Mr Smith? ----Sorry, he ____ Australia. But he ____ in two days.A. has been to; will come backB. has gone to; will be backC. has been in; would come backD. is leaving for; doesn't come back54. I can't go to the theater tonight because I ____ my ticket.A. have lostB. had lostC. will loseD. was losing55. ----What a nice bike! How long ____ you ____ it? ----Just two weeks.A. have; boughtB.did; buyC. have; hadD. are; having56. ----I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.----Oh, not at all. I ____ here only for a few minutes.A. have comeB. had beenC. wasD. have been57. ----____ my dictionary anywhere? ---- Yes. I saw it on your desk a moment ago.A. Did you seeB. If you seeC. Had you seenD. Would you see58. We were all surprised when he mad it clear that he ____ office soon.A. leavesB. would leaveC. will leaveD. had left59. Mrs Smith ____ her keys in the office, so she had to wait until her husband ____ home.A. has left; comesB. left; had comeC. had left; would comeD. had left; came60. ----What did your son say in the letter?----He told me that he ____ the Disneyland the next day.A. would visitB. has visitC. is going to visitD. will visit61. In some parts of the world, tea ____ with milk and sugar.A. is servingB. is servedC. servesD. served62. ----Did you win the basketball game? ----Bad luck. Our team ____ in the end.A. wonB. beatC. was wonD. was beaten63. I believe that those mountains ____ with trees in a few years.A. are coveredB. will be coveredC. are coveringD. will cover64. I like my new bike. It ____ very well.A. ridesB. is ridingC. is riddenD. has ridden65. ----Do you think this kind of apple ____ well? ----No, I don't think so.A. have soldB. sellsC. are soldD. would sell66. I wasn't at home yesterday. I ____ to help with the harvest on the farm.A. askedB. was askedC. was askingD. had asked67. How sweet the music ____! I have never heard a better piece.A. soundedB. is soundedC. is sounded to beD. sounds68. ----Can you tell me whom the play ____ in 1998? ----Sorry, I don't know.A. was written byB. was writtenC. is written byD. is written69. ---What does the sentence "Don't trouble trouble till trouble ____ you" mean?----Sorry, I have no idea.A. troubleB. troublesC. troubledD. will trouble70. Do you think ____ an English film tomorrow night?A. there isB. there is going to haveC. there is going to beD. there was71. Almost all the water ____ gone. Please save water!A. areB. isC. haveD. were72. Jane ____ a new dress every month when she was in Shanghai.A. buysB. is buyingC. boughtD. will buy73. ----Who jumps the farthest in your school? ----Henry _____.A. doesB. jumpsC. hasD. did74. You were on the farm yesterday, ____you?A. didn'tB. don'tC. aren'tD. weren't75. Li Ping studied hard, ____ he?A. wasB. didC. wasn'tD. didn't76. Both Kate and I ____ ready for the picnic now.A. is notB. is gettingC. are gettingD. am getting77. A talk on Chinese history ____ in the school hall next week.A. is givenB. has been givenC. will be givenD. will give78. ----I hear your father ____ to Japan once. ----Yes. He ____ there last year.A. went; has beenB. has been; wentC. goes; wentD. has been; has been79. ----Mike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorrow.----Of course. But if it ____, we'll visit the museum instead.A. you have; will rainB. you will have; will rainC. you will have; rainsD. will you have; rains80. ----My good friend, Mike, wants to be a soldier when he grows up.----So ____ I.A. doB. amC. willD. should81. It _____ ten years since they ____ to France.A. was; movedB. was; have movedC. has; have movedD. has been; moved82. He ____ wait until the rain ____.A. won't; will stopB. won't; stopC. will; stopsD. will; will stop83. ----So you went to see the film with Tom. ----Yes, but Bob ____ with us.A. won't goB. isn't goingC. doesn't goD. didn't go84. ----Your name again? I ____ quite catch it. ----Federico MacAdam.A. didn'tB. don'tC. wouldn'tD. won't[参考答案]I. 1. shines/ is shining 2. are going to/ will visit 3. has lived 4. taught5. were watching6. had learned7. would buy8. is chatting9. goes 10. doesn't rain11. are talking 12. happened 13. was stolen 14. interviewed 15. are watching16. would ring 17. have learned 18. joined 19. were picking 20. cost21. had begun 22. grew 23. studies 24. has traveled 25. will catch26. Have; wearing 27. finish 28. haven't heard 29. written 30. stayedII. 31--35 BAADB 36--40 DBDCC 41--45 ACBAC 46--50 ACDCD51--55 CABAC 56--60 DABDA 61--65 BDBAB 66-70 BDABC 71--75 BCADD 76--80 CCBCA 81--84 DCDA。