2017考研英语一阅读答案
2017考研英语一真题答案
2017年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased 14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared 15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of17．[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return18．[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases20．[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences \Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on American s’ economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real—past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then,combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago’s O’Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become—but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has_____.[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C]strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival22. The author beli eves that London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed to _____.[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C]improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different form Olympic games in that it ____.[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should______.[A] organize “grassroots” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in pubic sports facilities25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have to done for sports is _____.[A]tolerant[B] critical[C]uncertain[D]sympatheticText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the pro tection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island’s inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s G DP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP alreadypredicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn’t the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole meas ure of a country’s success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes –all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures , a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F. Kennedy , a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act”.The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.” The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,” assumes that public officials will hear from their consti tuents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and informat ion about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society—that all are equal in treatment bygovernment—is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step fo rward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] wa s contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, “A Dinner at Poplar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmou th, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office –a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed theirbackground. Dicken’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced D ickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his l abor in the blacking factory formed Dicken’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan’s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dic hens’ as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English languageteaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：You are to write an email to James Cook , a newly-arrived Australian professor , recommending some tourist attractions in your city . Please give reasons for your recommendation .You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET .Do not sign your own name at the end of the email . Use “L i Ming” instead.Do not write the address . (10 points)Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay , you should1）describe the pictures briefly,2）interpret the meaning , and3）give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.( 20 points ) Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 ."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty."Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout【答案】[B] Besides2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior【答案】[A] connected3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host【答案】[D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep【答案】[C] avoid5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting【答案】[B] involving6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on【答案】[D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted【答案】[B] exposed8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out【答案】[C] down9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined【答案】[A] calculated10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained【答案】[D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus【答案】[A] Even12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors【答案】[B] symptoms13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased【答案】[D] increased14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared【答案】[B] associated15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record【答案】[C] generate16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of【答案】[A] in the face of17．[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return【答案】[C] attribute18．[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until【答案】[A] because19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases【答案】[C] remains。
2017年考研英语一阅读
2017年考研英语一阅读2017年考研英语一阅读理解真题及答案解析：Text 1Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.On a warm spring afternoon, the buzz of conversation in the staff room gives way to the quiet rustle of pages being turned. The staff members are all deep in the act of reading. Some are scanning the text with a critical eye, others are speed-reading, and a few are slowing down to consider every word. The scene is not taking place in a literacy program or a book group, but in a staff development day at a public high school in New York City.The staff development day is part of a growing movement to bring reading into the professional world. As libraries become less and less of a haven for self-study and more of a collaborative workspace, the practice of reading for work is fast becoming as essential as the practice of reading for pleasure. “When I started working, I thought:‘I don’t have time to read,’” says Librarian Nancy Pearl. “But when I realized how much I was missing, I made reading part of my work r outine.”For many professionals, the value of reading isn’t just about job performance. It’s about professional development and personal growth. “I read books that are outside my area—books that would never appear on my radar—and they often lead me to new ideas and directions,” says Dr. Jackie Jenkins-Scott, a former president of Bentley University. “Reading has been fundamental to my leadership development.”But the benefits of reading go well beyond personal growth. A recent study by researchers at the University of Texas at Austin found that employees who read for 30 minutes before work performed better at their jobs than those who didn’t read. “Reading has been shown to increase fluency,词汇理解，and knowledge retention,” says psychologist Pamela Rutledge. “It can also improve decision-making ability and creativity.”The key to making reading work in your professional life is to be intentional about it. Don’t read aimlessly, hoping that somehow the information will sink in. Set aside dedicated reading time and make sure you’re always learning something new. Also, consider making some professional reading resolutions, such as reading a book every two weeks or参加行业相关的会议 or joining professional organizations that have regular meetings. Finally, consider sharing what you read with your colleagues to foster more meaningful discussion within your organization.The value of professional reading is not about indulging in the latest industry trends or keeping up with the latest news; it’s about growing as a professional and making better decisions. As Nancy Pearl puts it, “Reading is not just about finding new information—it’s about finding better ways of doing things and understanding life better.” So, the next time you find yourself with some extra time on your hands, consider picking up a book instead of checking Facebook for the umpteenth time. Your career might just benefit from it.26. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The importance of reading in one’s professional life.B. The benefits of reading for personal growth.C. The decline of libraries as study places.D. The trend of holding reading groups in high schools.27. Why did the author mention the staff development day in New York City?A. To stress the importance of teamwork in libraries.B. To show the value of reading in a professional setting.C. To promote the idea of holding more literacy programs.D. To encourage more high schools to offer staff development courses.28. What does Dr. Jackie Jenkins-Scott say about reading?A. It helps her stay abreast of the latest developments in her field.B. It broadens her horizons and enhances her leadership skills.C. It enables her to easily obtain necessary information for her work.D. It makes her more creative and better equipped for challenges.29. What does Pamela Rutledge say about reading?A. It improves one’s cognitive abilities.B. It enhances one’s problem-solving skills.C. It boosts one’s creativity and innovationD. It helps one stay focused at work.30. What is the key to making read ing work in one’s professional life according to the passage?A. Reading more books written by famous authorsB. Reading books that are easy to understandC. Sticking to traditional ways of doing thingsD. Intending to learn something from reading。
2017年考研英语一真题及答案解析
2017年考研英语一真题原文与答案解析完整版2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!”1helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker ofintimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased 14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared 15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of17．[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return18．[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases20．[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences \Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real—past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago’s O’Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become—but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has_____.[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C]strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival22. The author believes that London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed to _____.[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C]improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different form Olympic games in that it ____.[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should______.[A] organize “grassroots” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in pubic sports facilities25. The author’s attitude to what UK governmen ts have to done for sports is _____.[A]tolerant[B] critical[C]uncertain[D]sympatheticText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.At issue is t he TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world.They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island’s inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronome rs today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn’t the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes –all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures , a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F. Kennedy , a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act”.The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.” The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrot e Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,” assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society—that all are equal in treatment by government—is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoid ed defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s r uling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, “A Dinner at Poplar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,whichappeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured D ickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the fi rst installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him especiallyanything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office –a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken’s birth, his mother’s fa ther was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan’s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens’ as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：You are to write an email to James Cook , a newly-arrived Australian professor , recommending some tourist attractions in your city . Please give reasons for your recommendation .You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET .Do not sign your own name at the end of the email . Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address . (10 points)Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay , you should1）describe the pictures briefly,2）interpret the meaning , and3）give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.( 20 points ) Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 ."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty."Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout【答案】[B] Besides2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior【答案】[A] connected3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host【答案】[D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep【答案】[C] avoid5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting【答案】[B] involving6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on【答案】[D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted【答案】[B] exposed8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out【答案】[C] down9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined【答案】[A] calculated10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained【答案】[D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus【答案】[A] Even12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors【答案】[B] symptoms13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased 【答案】[D] increased14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared 【答案】[B] associated15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record。
2017考研《英语一》阅读真题及答案（勤思版）
考试采取“⼀题多卷”模式，试题答案顺序不统⼀，请依据试题进⾏核对。
Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 First two hours , now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines. Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating. Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real-past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's O'Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become-but the lines are obvious. Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this. There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck. It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways. The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work. 21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to [A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide. [B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports. [C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks. [D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection. 【答案】[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks. 22. which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport? [A] New restrictions on carry-on bags. [B] The declining efficiency of the TSA. [C] An increase in the number of travelers. [D] Frequent unexpected secret checks. 【答案】[C] An increase in the number of travelers. 23.The word "expedited" (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to [A] faster. [B] quieter. [C] wider. [D] cheaper. 【答案】[A] faster. 24. One problem with the PreCheck program is [A] A dramatic reduction of its scale. [B] Its wrongly-directed implementation. [C] The government's reluctance to back it. [D] An unreasonable price for enrollment. 【答案】[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment. 25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? [A] Less Screening for More Safety [B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution [C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines [D] Underused PreCheck Lanes 【答案】[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution Text 2 "The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers," wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos. At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity. Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation. Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today. Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes. The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and tostudy the stars. 26. Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicates [A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy. [B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society. [C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times. [D] her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time. 【答案】[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society. 27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to [A] its geographical features [B] its protective surroundings. [C] its religious implications. [D] its existing infrastructure. 【答案】[A] its geographical features 28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because [A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life. [B] it reminds them of a humiliating history. [C] their culture will lose a chance of revival. [D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea. 【答案】[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history. 29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today's astronomy [A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians. [B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world. [C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture. [D] will eventually soften Hawaiians' hostility. 【答案】[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture. 30.The author's attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of [A] severe criticism. [B] passive acceptance. [C] slight hesitancy. [D] full approval. 【答案】[D] full approval. Text 3 Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile." With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to. The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has beenthe envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects? A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing. While all o f t h e s e c o u n t r i e s f a c e t h e i r o w n c h a l l e n g e s , t h e r e a r e a n u m b e r o f c o n s i s t e n t t h e m e s . Y e s , t h e r e h a s b e e n a b u d d i n g e c o n o m i c r e c o v e r y s i n c e t h e 2 0 0 8 g l o b a l c r a s h , b u t i n k e y i n d i c a t o r s i n a r e a s s u c h a s h e a l t h a n d e d u c a t i o n , m a j o r e c o n o m i e s h a v e c o n t i n u e d t o d e c l i n e . Y e t t h i s i s n ' t t h e c a s e w i t h a l l c o u n t r i e s . S o m e r e l a t i v e l y p o o r E u r o p e a n c o u n t r i e s h a v e s e e n h u g e i m p r o v e m e n t s a c r o s s m e a s u r e s i n c l u d i n g c i v i l s o c i e t y , i n c o m e e q u a l i t y a n d t h e e n v i r o n m e n t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 3 " > 0 0 T h i s i s a l e s s o n t h a t r i c h c o u n t r i e s c a n l e a r n : W h e n G D P i s n o l o n g e r r e g a r d e d a s t h e s o l e m e a s u r e o f a c o u n t r y ' s s u c c e s s , t h e w o r l d l o o k s v e r y d i f f e r e n t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 4 " > 0 0 S o , w h a t K e n n e d y w a s r e f e r r i n g t o w a s t h a t w h i l e G D P h a s b e e n t h e m o s t c o m m o n m e t h o d f o r m e a s u r i n g t h e e c o n o m i c a c t i v i t y o f n a t i o n s , a s a m e a s u r e , i t i s n o l o n g e r e n o u g h . I t d o e s n o t i n c l u d e i m p o r t a n t f a c t o r s s u c h a s e n v i r o n m e n t a l q u a l i t y o r e d u c a t i o n o u t c o m e s - a l l t h i n g s t h a t c o n t r i b u t e t o a p e r s o n ' s s e n s e o f w e l l - b e i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 5 " > 0 0 T h e s h a r p h i t t o g r o w t h p r e d i c t e d a r o u n d t h e w o r l d a n d i n t h e U K c o u l d l e a d t o a d e c l i n e i n t h e e v e r y d a y s e r v i c e s w e d e p e n d o n f o r o u r w e l l - b e i n g a n d f o r g r o w t h . B u t p o l i c y m a k e r s w h o r e f o c u s e f f o r t s o n i m p r o v i n g w e l l - b e i n g r a t h e r t h a n s i m p l y w o r r y i n g a b o u t G D P f i g u r e s c o u l d a v o i d t h e f o r e c a s t e d d o o m a n d m a y e v e n s e e p r o g r e s s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 6 " > 0 0 3 1 . R o b e r t F . K e n n e d y i s c i t e d b e c a u s e h e / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 7 " > 0 0 [ A ] p r a i s e d t h e U K f o r i t s G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 8 " > 0 0 [ B ] i d e n t i f i e d G D P w i t h h a p p i n e s s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 3 9 " > 0 0 [ C ] m i s i n t e r p r e t e d t h e r o l e o f G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 0 " > 0 0 [ D ] h a d a l o w o p i n i o n o f G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 1 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ D ] h a d a l o w o p i n i o n o f G D P / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 2 " > 0 0 3 2 . I t c a n b e i n f e r r e d f r o m P a r a g r a p h 2 t h a t / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 3 " > 0 0 [ A ] t h e U K i s r e l u c t a n t t o r e m o l d i t s e c o n o m i c p a t t e r n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 4 " > 0 0 [ B ] G D P a s t h e m e a s u r e o f s u c c e s s i s w i d e l y d e f i e d i n t h e U K . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 5 " > 0 0 [ C ] t h e U K w i l l c o n t r i b u t e l e s s t o t h e w o r l d e c o n o m y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 6 " > 0 0 [ D ] p o l i c y m a k e r s i n t h e U K a r e p a y i n g l e s s a t t e n t i o n t o G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 7 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ B ] G D P a s t h e m e a s u r e o f s u c c e s s i s w i d e l y d e f i e d i n t h e U K . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 8 " > 0 0 3 3 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i s t r u e a b o u t t h e r e c e n t a n n u a l s t u d y / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 4 9 " > 0 0 [ A ] I t i s s p o n s o r e d b y 1 6 3 c o u n t r i e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 0 " > 0 0 [ B ] I t e x c l u d e s G D P a s a n i n d i c a t o r . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 1 " > 0 0 [ C ] I t s c r i t e r i a a r e q u e s t i o n a b l e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 2 " > 0 0 [ D ] I t s r e s u l t s a r e e n l i g h t e n i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 3 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ D ] I t s r e s u l t s a r e e n l i g h t e n i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 4 " > 0 0 3 4 . I n t h e l a s t t w o p a r a g r a p h s , t h e a u t h o r s u g g e s t s t h a t / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 5 " > 0 0 [ A ] t h e U K i s p r e p a r i n g f o r a n e c o n o m i c b o o m . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 6 " > 0 0 [ B ] h i g h G D P f o r e s h a d o w s a n e c o n o m i c d e c l i n e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 7 " > 0 0 [ C ] i t i s e s s e n t i a l t o c o n s i d e r f a c t o r s b e y o n d G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 8 " > 0 0 [ D ] i t r e q u i r e s c a u t i o n t o h a n d l e e c o n o m i c i s s u e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 5 9 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ C ] i t i s e s s e n t i a l t o c o n s i d e r f a c t o r s b e y o n d G D P . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 0 " > 0 0 3 5 . W h i c h o f t h e f o l l o w i n g i s t h e b e s t t i t l e f o r t h e t e x t ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 1 " > 0 0 [ A ] H i g h G D P B u t I n a d e q u a t e W e l l - b e i n g , a U K L e s s o n / p > p b d s fi d = " 1 6 2 " > 0 0 [ B ] G D P F i g u r e s , a W i n d o w o n G l o b a l E c o n o m i c H e a l t h / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 3 " > 00 [ C ] R e b o r t F . K e n n e d y , a T e r m i n a t o r o f G D P / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 4 " > 0 0 [ D ] B r e x i t , t h e U K ' s G a t e w a y t o W e l l - b e i n g / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 5 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ A ] H i g h G D P B u t I n a d e q u a t e W e l l - b e i n g , a U K L e s s o n / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 6 " > 0 0 T e x t 4 / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 7 " > 0 0 I n a r a r e u n a n i m o u s r u l i n g , t h e U S S u p r e m e C o u r t h a s o v e r t u r n e d t h e c o r r u p t i o n c o n v i c t i o n o f a f o r m e r V i r g i n i a g o v e r n o r , R o b e r t M c D o n n e l l . B u t i t d i d s o w h i l e h o l d i n g i t s n o s e a t t h e e t h i c s o f h i s c o n d u c t , w h i c h i n c l u d e d a c c e p t i n g g i f t s s u c h a s a R o l e x w a t c h a n d a F e r r a r i a u t o m o b i l e f r o m a c o m p a n y s e e k i n g a c c e s s t o g o v e r n m e n t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 8 " > 0 0 T h e h i g h c o u r t ' s d e c i s i o n s a i d t h e j u d g e i n M r . M c D o n n e l l ' s t r i a l f a i l e d t o t e l l a j u r y t h a t i t m u s t l o o k o n l y a t h i s " o f f i c i a l a c t s , " o r t h e f o r m e r g o v e r n o r ' s d e c i s i o n s o n " s p e c i f i c " a n d " u n s e t t l e d " i s s u e s r e l a t e d t o h i s d u t i e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 6 9 " > 0 0 M e r e l y h e l p i n g a g i f t - g i v e r g a i n a c c e s s t o o t h e r o f f i c i a l s , u n l e s s d o n e w i t h c l e a r i n t e n t t o p r e s s u r e t h o s e o f f i c i a l s , i s n o t c o r r u p t i o n , t h e j u s t i c e s f o u n d . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 0 " > 0 0 T h e c o u r t d i d s u g g e s t t h a t a c c e p t i n g f a v o r s i n r e t u r n f o r o p e n i n g d o o r s i s " d i s t a s t e f u l " a n d " n a s t y . " B u t u n d e r a n t i - b r i b e r y l a w s , p r o o f m u s t b e m a d e o f c o n c r e t e b e n e f i t s , s u c h a s a p p r o v a l o f a c o n t r a c t o r r e g u l a t i o n . S i m p l y a r r a n g i n g a m e e t i n g , m a k i n g a p h o n e c a l l , o r h o s t i n g a n e v e n t i s n o t a n " o f f i c i a l a c t " . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 1 " > 0 0 T h e c o u r t ' s r u l i n g i s l e g a l l y s o u n d i n d e f i n i n g a k i n d o f f a v o r i t i s m t h a t i s n o t c r i m i n a l . E l e c t e d l e a d e rs m u s t b e a l l o w e d t o h e l p s u p p o r t e r s d e a l w i t h b u r e a u c r a t i c p r o b l e m s w i t h o u t f e a r o f p r o s e c u t i o n f o r b r i b e r y . " T h e b a s i c c o m p a c t u n d e r l y i n g r e p r e s e n t a t i v e g o v e r n m e n t , " w r o t e C h i e f J u s t i c e J o h n R o b e r t s f o r t h e c o u r t , " a s s u m e s t h a t p u b l i c o f f i c i a l s w i l l h e a r f r o m t h e i r c o n s t i t u e n t s a n d a c t o n t h e i r c o n c e r n s . " / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 2 " > 0 0 B u t t h e r u l i n g r e i n f o r c e s t h e n e e d f o r c i t i z e n s a n d t h e i r e l e c t e d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s , n o t t h e c o u r t s , t o e n s u r e e q u a l i t y o f a c c e s s t o g o v e r n m e n t . O f f i c i a l s m u s t n o t b e a l l o w e d t o p l a y f a v o r i t e s i n p r o v i d i n g i n f o r m a t i o n o r i n a r r a n g i n g m e e t i n g s s i m p l y b e c a u s e a n i n d i v i d u a l o r g r o u p p r o v i d e s a c a m p a i g n d o n a t i o n o r a p e r s o n a l g i f t . T h i s t y p e o f i n t e g r i t y r e q u i r e s w e l l - e n f o r c e d l a w s i n g o v e r n m e n t t r a n s p a r e n c y , s u c h a s r e c o r d s o f o f f i c i a l m e e t i n g s , r u l e s o n l o b b y i n g , a n d i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t e a c h e l e c t e d l e a d e r ' s s o u r c e o f w e a l t h . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 3 " > 0 0 F a v o r i t i s m i n o f f i c i a l a c c e s s c a n f a n p u b l i c p e r c e p t i o n s o f c o r r u p t i o n . B u t i t i s n o t a l w a y s c o r r u p t i o n . R a t h e r o f f i c i a l s m u s t a v o i d d o u b l e s t a n d a r d s , o r d i f f e r e n t t y p e s o f a c c e s s f o r a v e r a g e p e o p l e a n d t h e w e a l t h y . I f c o n n e c t i o n s c a n b e b o u g h t , a b a s i c p r e m i s e o f d e m o c r a t i c s o c i e t y - t h a t a l l a r e e q u a l i n t r e a t m e n t b y g o v e r n m e n t - i s u n d e r m i n e d . G o o d g o v e r n a n c e r e s t s o n a n u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e i n h e r e n t w o r t h o f e a c h i n d i v i d u a l . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 4 " > 0 0 T h e c o u r t ' s r u l i n g i s a s t e p f o r w a r d i n t h e s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t b o t h c o r r u p t i o n a n d o f f i c i a l f a v o r i t i s m . / p > p b d s f i d = "1 7 5 " > 0 0 3 6 . T h e u n d e r m i n e d s e n t e n c e ( P a r a . 1 ) m o s t p r o b a b l y s h o w s t h a t t h e c o u r t / p > p bd s f i d = " 1 7 6 " > 0 0 [ A ] a v o i de d d ef i n i ng th e e x t e n t o f M c D o n n e l l ' s d u ti e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 7 " > 0 0 [ B ] m a d e n o c o m p r o m i s e i n c o n v i c t i n g M c D o n n e l l . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 8 " > 0 0 [ C ] w a s c o n t e m p t u o u s o f M c D o n n e l l ' s c o n d u c t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 7 9 " > 0 0 [ D ] r e f u s e d t o c o m m e n t o n M c D o n n e l l ' s e t h i c s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 0 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ C ] w a s c o n t e m p t u o u s o f M c D o n n e l l ' s c o n d u c t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 1 " > 0 0 3 7 . A c c o r d i n g t o P a r a g r a p h 4 , a n o f f i c i a l a c t i s d e e m e d c o r r u p t i v e o n l y i f i t i n v o l v e s / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 2 " > 0 0 [ A ] l e a k i n g s e c r e t s i n t e n t i o n a l l y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 3 " > 0 0 [ B ] s i z a b l e g a i n s i n t h e f o r m o f g i f t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 4 " > 0 0 [ C ] c o n c r e t e r e t u r n s f o r g i f t - g i v e r s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 5 " > 0 0 [ D ] b r e a k i n g c o n t r a c t s o f f i c i a l l y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 6 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ C ] c o n c r e t e r e t u r n s f o r g i f t - g i v e r s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 7 " > 0 0 3 8 . T h e c o u r t ' s r u l i n g i s b a s e d o n t h e a s s u m p t i o n t h a t p u b l i c o f f i c i a l s a r e / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 8 " > 0 0 [ A ]j u s t i f i e d i n a d d r e s s i n g t h e n e e d s o f t h e i r c o n s t i t u e n t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 8 9 " > 0 0 [ B ] q u a l i f i e d t o d e a l i n d e p e n d e n t l y w i t h b u r e a u c r a t i c i s s u e s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 0 " > 0 0 [ C ] a l l o w e d t o f o c u s o n t h e c o n c e r n s o f t h e i r s u p p o r t e r s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 1 " > 0 0 [ D ] e x e m p t f r o m c o n v i c t i o n o n t h e c h a r g e o f f a v o r i t i s m . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 2 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ A ] j u s t i f i e d i n a d d r e s s i n g t h e n e e d s o f t h e i r c o n s t i t u e n t s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 3 " > 0 0 3 9 . W e l l - e n f o r c e d l a w s i n g o v e r n m e n t t r a n s p a re n c y a r e n e e d e d t o / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 9 4 " > 0 0 [ A ] a w a k e n t h e c o n s c i e n c e o f o f f i c i a l s . / p > p b d sf i d = " 1 9 5 " > 0 0 [ B ]g u a r a n t e e f a i r p l a y i n o f f i c i a l a c c e s s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 6 " > 0 0 [ C ] a l l o w f o r c e r t a i n k i n d s o f l o b b y i n g . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 7 " > 0 0 [ D ] i n s p i r eh o p e si n a v e r a g e p e o p l e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 8 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ B ] g u a r a n t e e f a i r p l a y i n o f f i c i a l a c c e s s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 9 9 " > 0 0 4 0 . T h e a u t h o r ' s a t t i t u d e t o w a r d t h e c o u r t ' s r u l i n g i s / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 0 " > 0 0 [ A ] s a r c a s t i c . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 1 " > 0 0 [ B ] t o l e r a n t . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 2 " > 0 0 [ C ] s k e p t i c a l . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 3 " > 0 0 [ D ] s u p p o r t i v e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 4 " > 0 0 0 T{ Hh 0 [ D ] s u p p o r t i v e / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 5 " > 0 0 P a r t B / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 6 " > 0 0 D i r e c t i o n s : / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 7 " > 0 0 T h e f o l l o w i n g p a r a g r a p h s a r e g i v e n i n a w r o n g o r d e r . F o r Q u e s t i o n s 4 1 - 4 5 , y o u a r e r e q u i r e d t o r e o r g a n i z e t h e s e p a r a g r a p h s i n t o a c o h e r e n t a r t i c l e b y c h o o s i n g f r o m t h e l i s t A - G t o f i l l i n g t h e m i n t o t h e n u m b e r e d b o x . P a r a g r a p h s B a n d D h a v e b e e n c o r r e c t l y p l a c e d . M a r k y o u r a n s w e r s o n A N S W E R S H E E T . ( 1 0 p o i n t s ) / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 8 " > 0 0 [ A ] T h e f i r s t p u b l i s h e d s k e t c h , " A D i n n e r a t P o p l a r W a l k " b r o u g h t t e a r s t o D i c k e n s ' s e y e s w h e n h e d i s c o v e r e d i t i n t h e p a g e s o f T h e M o n t h l y M a g a z i n e . F r o m t h e n o n h i s s k e t c h e s , w h i c h a p p e a r e d u n d e r t h e p e n n a m e " B o z " i n T h e E v e n i n g C h r o n i c l e , e a r n e d h i m a m o d e s t r e p u t a t i o n . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 0 9 " > 0 0 [ B ] T h e r u n a w a y s u c c e s s o f T h e P i c k w i c k P a p e r s , a s i t i s g e n e r a l l y k n o w n t o d a y , s e c u r e d D i c k e n s ' s f a m e . T h e r e w e r e P i c k w i c k c o a t s a n d P i c k w i c k c i g a r s , a n d t h e p l u m p , s p e c t a c l e d h e r o , S a m u e l P i c k w i c k , b e c a m e a n a t i o n a l f i g u r e . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 0 " > 0 0 [ C ] S o o n a f t e r S k e t c h e s b y B o z a p p e a r e d , a p u b l i s h i n g f i r m a p p r o a c h e d D i c k e n s t o w r i t e a s t o r y i n m o n t h l y i n s t a l l m e n t s , a s a b a c k d r o p f o r a s e r i e s o f w o o d c u t s b y t h e t e n - f a m o u s a r t i s t R o b e r t S e y m o u r , w h o h a d o r i g i n a t e d t h e i d e a f o r t h e s t o r y . W i t h c h a r a c t e r i s t i c c o n f i d e n c e , D i c k e n s s u c c e s s f u l l y i n s i s t ed t h a t Se y m o u r ' s p i c t u r e s i l l u s t r a t e h i s o w n s t o r y i n s t e a d . Af t e r t h e f i r s t i n s t a l l m e n t , D i c ke n s w r o t e t o t h e a r t i s t a n d a s k e d h i m t o c o r r e c t a d r a w i n g D i c k e n sf e l t w a s n o t f a i t h f u l e n o ugh t o hi s p r o s e . S e y m o u r m a d e t h e c h a n g e , w e n t i n t o h i s b a c k y a r d , a n d e x p r e s s e d h i s d i s p l e a s u r e b y c o m m i t t i n g s u i c i d e . D i c k e n s a n d h i s p u b l i s h e r s s i m p l y p r e s s e d o n w i t h a n e w a r t i s t . T h e c o m i c n o v e l , T h e P o s t h u m o u s P a p e r s o f t h e P i c k w i c k C l u b , a p p e a r e d s e r i a l l y i n 1 8 3 6 a n d 1 8 3 7 , a n d w a s f i r s t p u b l i s h e d i n b o o k f o r m i n 1 8 3 7 . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 1 " > 0 0 [ D ] C h a r l e s D i c k e n s i s p r o b a b l y t h e b e s t - k n o w n a n d , t o m a n y p e o p l e , t h e g r e a t e s t E n g l i s h n o v e l i s t o f t h e 1 9 t h c e n t u r y . A m o r a l i s t , s a t i r i s t , a n d s o c i a l r e f o r m e r . D i c k e n s c r a f t e d c o m p l e x p l o t s a n d s t r i k i n g c h a r a c t e r s t h a t c a p t u r e t h e p a n o r a m a o f E n g l i s h s o c i e t y . / p > p b d s f i d = " 2 1 2。
2017考研英语一真题及答案（完整版）
2017考研英语一真题及答案（完整版）2017年考研已结束！店铺考研网在考后第一时间为大家提供2017考研英语一真题及答案(完整版），更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!2017考研英语一真题及答案(完整版）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 ."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16difficulty."Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1.[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout【答案】[B] Besides2.[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior【答案】[A] connected3.[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host【答案】[D] host4.[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep【答案】[C] avoid5.[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting【答案】[B] involving6.[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on【答案】[D] on7.[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted【答案】[B] exposed8.[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out【答案】[C] down9.[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined【答案】[A] calculated10.[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained【答案】[D] explained11.[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus【答案】[A] Even12.[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors【答案】[B] symptoms13.[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased【答案】[D] increased14.[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared【答案】[B] associated15.[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record【答案】[C] generate16.[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of【答案】[A] in the face of17.[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return【答案】[C] attribute18.[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until【答案】[A] because19.[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases【答案】[C] remains20.[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences【答案】[D]influencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real-past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's O'Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become-but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years toprocess their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.[D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection.【答案】[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.22. which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travelers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.【答案】[C] An increase in the number of travelers.23.The word "expedited" (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to[A] faster.[B] quieter.[C] wider.[D] cheaper.【答案】[A] faster.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is[A] A dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] Its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] The government's reluctance to back it.[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.【答案】[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes【答案】[B] PreCheck-a Belated SolutionText 2"The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers," wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time.【答案】[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.【答案】[A] its geographical features28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.【答案】[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today's astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians' hostility.【答案】[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.30. The author's attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.【答案】[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile." With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn't the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society ,income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .【答案】[D] had a low opinion of GDP32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .【答案】[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annualstudy ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .【答案】[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .【答案】[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F.Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK's Gateway to Well-being【答案】[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK LessonText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court's decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his "official acts," or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is "distasteful" and "nasty." But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an "official act".The court's ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery." The basic compact underlying representative government," wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court," assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns."But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader's source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society-that all are equal in treatment by government-is undermined. Good governance rests on anunderstanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell's duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell's ethics.【答案】[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.【答案】[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.38. The court's ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.【答案】[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.【答案】[B] guarantee fair play in official access.40. The author's attitude toward the court's ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportive【答案】[D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted thatSeymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office -a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken's greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.【答案】41. [F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth42. [E] Soon after his father's release from prison43. [A]The first published sketch44. [C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared45. [G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker worldPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of thelanguage may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and ourother education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.【答案】(46) 但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。
2017年考研英语一阅读真题及答案解析
2017年考研英语一阅读真题及答案解析2017年考研英语考试已经结束!店铺考研网在考后第一时间为大家提供2017年考研英语一阅读真题及答案解析，更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!2017年考研英语一阅读真题及答案解析大家也做了题，也发现今年题目并没有传说中那么难，四篇阅读理解前面三篇中等，不是很难。
第四篇和法律有关的文章大家觉得有点难度。
我今年也去考试了，这就是我的证据。
但是我的反面抄了一些答案，当然有些监考不让抄答案，我很潦草地抄了一些，想看它的难度和我们平常所学的能否挂钩。
前三篇不难，第四篇难度和法律相关，有点像2013年的地四篇文章。
其实这篇文章我刚才查了一下原版出处是CNN里的，推翻了弗吉尼亚前州长贪污罪，他是无辜的。
都是英国美国文章居多。
美国有三篇文章。
第一篇是美国机场安检特别浪费时间。
今年特点是有七八个自然段，不是往年一样四五个自然段。
第一道题，这是一个力争题，往年考题也这么说，通过所谓关键词定位方法无效，一定要把握主要内容是讲什么。
这是讲我们目前为什么有必要进行严格的安全检查。
因为埃及航空公司受到了恐怖袭击，在地中海上空受到恐怖主义袭击。
所以现在要严格安检。
这道词选解释作用。
第二题是上面哪个能够解释为什么美国机场排队队伍很长很长。
这道题文章里给了好几个解释。
第一个原因是因为我们现在经济比较好，机票比较便宜，所以很多人愿意排队。
大家都愿意坐飞机，不愿意开车、不愿意坐火车。
导致排队队伍很长。
第二个原因是有些人要打包，第三段里说的，包裹需要检查，有些人打了好多包，为了逃避托运费。
导致排队比较长。
还有一个这里所说的安检效率降低。
但是我们按照前面的最重要的原因，还是因为美国政府没有注意到现在出行坐飞机的人增多了，导致速度减慢。
这是我们飞机出行人员增加。
23题是猜词题，我们不管上基础课、强化课还是单向课，有我的模糊阅读班，猜词题不能相信所谓构词法，按照EX这个单词是出去的意思。
这里EX给人错觉是出去的意思，但是根据上下文是希望安检越快越好。
2017年考研英语一真题及答案解析
2017年考研英语一（答案及解析）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) from each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" ___1__ helping you feel close and __2___to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a ___3__ of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you __4___ getting sick this winter.In a recent study ___5__ over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs ___6__ the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being ___7__ to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come ___8__ with a cold, and the researchers __9___ that the stress-reducing effects of hugging ___10__ about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. ___11__ among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe __12___."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the ___13__ risk for colds that's usually__14___ with stress," Notes sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps __15___ the feeling that others are there to help ___16__difficulty."Some experts ___17__ the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called"the bonding hormone" __18___ it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it___19__ in the brain, where it __20___ mood, behavior and physiology.1. [A]Besides[B]Unlike[C]Throughout[D]Despite2. [A]equal[B]restricted[C]connected[D]inferior3. [A]view[B]host[C]lesson[D]choice4. [A]avoid[B]forget[C]recall[D]keep5. [A]collecting[B]affecting[C]guiding[D]involving6. [A]on[B]in[C]at[D]of7. [A]devoted[B]attracted[C]lost[D]exposed8. [A]along[B]across[C]down[D]out9. [A]imagined[B]denied[C]doubted[D]calculated10. [A]served[B]restored[C]explained[D]required11. [A]Thus[B]Still[C]Rather[D]Even12. [A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]errors[D]tests13. [A]highlighted[B]increased[C]controlled[D]minimized14. [A]presented[B]equipped[C]associated[D]compared15. [A]assess[B]generate[C]moderate[D]record16. [A]in the name of[B] in the form of[C] in the face of[D] in the way of17. [A]attribute[B]commit[C]transfer[D]return18. [A]unless[B]because[C]though[D]until19. [A]remains[B]emerges[C]vanishes[D]decreases20. [A]experiences[B]combines[C]justifies[D]influences完型答案：1-5: ACBAD6-10: ADCDC11-15: DBBCB16-20:CABADSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours, now three hours — this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mentioninfuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O' Hare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become — but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly disputethis.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to[A]explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.[B]stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C]highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.[D]emphasize the importance of privacy protection.答案 A[答案解释] 根据题干关键词 The Crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 定位到第一段第 3 句。
2017考研英语一真题与答案解析
2017年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheld on Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is amarker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased 14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared 15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of17．[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return18．[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases20．[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences \Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real—past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago’s O’Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become—but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has_____.[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C]strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival22. The author believes that London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed to _____.[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C]improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different form Olympic games in that it ____.[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should______.[A] organize “grassroots” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in pubic sports facilities25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have to done for sports is _____.[A]tolerant[B] critical[C]uncertain[D]sympatheticText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islan d’s inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosi ng Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but inkey indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn’t the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes –all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures , a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F. Kennedy , a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose atthe ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act”.The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of pro secution for bribery.” The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,” assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as recordsof official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society—that all are equal in treatment by government—is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDo nnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, “A Dinner at Poplar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in thepages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, whohad a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office –a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan’s progress from the workhous e to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens’ as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：You are to write an email to James Cook , a newly-arrived Australian professor , recommending some tourist attractions in your city . Please give reasons for your recommendation .You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET .Do not sign your own name at the end of the email . Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address . (10 points)Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay , you should1）describe the pictures briefly,2）interpret the meaning , and3）give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.( 20 points ) Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 ."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty."Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout【答案】[B] Besides2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior【答案】[A] connected3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host【答案】[D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep【答案】[C] avoid5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting【答案】[B] involving6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on【答案】[D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted【答案】[B] exposed8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out【答案】[C] down9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined【答案】[A] calculated10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained【答案】[D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus【答案】[A] Even12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors【答案】[B] symptoms13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased 【答案】[D] increased14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared 【答案】[B] associated15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record。
2017考研英语一真题原文及答案(完整文字版)解析
2017考研英语一真题原文及答案（完整文字版）解析（注：以下选项标红加粗为正确答案）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and markA, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends,１those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3the marriage negotiations. or the young man's parents may make the choice of a spouse,giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure itschild is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days 7 bythe 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermonand 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride's and groom's wrists ,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife's parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 theycan build a flew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 ,but not common .Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice19 up .The divorced male doesn't have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait the months.1. [A] by way of [B] as well as [C] on behalf of [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C]compete with [D] decide on3. [A] close [B] renew [C]arrange [D] postpone4. [A] In theory [B] Above all [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] sine [B] or [C] but [D] so8. [A] test [B]copy [C]recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying第1页共12 页。
(完整版)2017考研英语一真题及答案解析
2017年考研英语一试题及答案解析Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text。
Choose the best word（s) for each numbered blank and mark A， B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!”_____(1）helping you feel close and _____（2)to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a _____(3)of health benefits to your body and mind。
Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you _____（4）getting sick this winter.In a recent study _____（5）over 400 healthy adults， researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_____(6）the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being_____（7）to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come_____（8)with a cold，and the researchers_____(9）that the stress—reducing effects of hugging _____(10）about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. _____(11）among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____（12).”Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _____（13）risk for colds that’s usually _____（14）with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen， a professor of psychology at Carnegie, Hugging " is a marker of intimacy and help _____（15）the feeling that others are there to help_____（16)difficulty.”Some experts_____（17）the stress—reducing, health—related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin，often called "the bonding hormone”_____（18）it promotesattachment in relationships， including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream。
2017考研英语一真题(含答案解析)
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding“yes!”1helping you feel close and 2to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a3of health benefits to your body and mind.Believe it or not,awarm embrace might even help you4getting sick this winter.In a recent study5over400health adults,researchersfrom Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs6the participants’susceptibility to developing the common cold after being7to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come8with a cold,and the researchers9that the stress-reducing effects of hugging10about32percent of that beneficial effect.11among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe12.notes “Hugging p rotects people who are under stressfrom the13risk for colds that’ｓusually14with stress,”Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging“is a marker of intimacy and helps15the feeling that others are there to help16difficulty.”Some experts17the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the releaseof oxytocin,often called 18it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mother and their“the b onding hormone”newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it19in the brain,where it20mood,behavior and physiology.1.[A]Unlike[B]Besides[C]Throughout[D]Despite2.[A]equal[B]restricted[C]connected[D]inferior3.[A]host[B]view[C]lesson[D]choice4.[A]recall[B]forget[C]avoid[D]keep5.[A]collecting[B]affecting[C]guiding[D]involving6.[A]on[B]in[C]at[D]of7.[A]devoted[B]exposed[C]lost[D]attracted8.[A]across[B]along[C]down[D]out9.[A]imagined[B]denied[C]doubted[D]calculated10.[A]served[B]explained[C]restored[D]required11.[A]Thus[B]Still[C]Rather[D]Even12.[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]errors[D]tests1。
2017考研英语一真题试卷及答案
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)真题（含答案）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 ."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty."Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1.[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout2.[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior3.[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host4.[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep5.[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting6.[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on7.[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted8.[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out9.[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined10.[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained11.[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus12.[A] defeats [B] symptom [C] tests [D] errors13.[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased14.[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared15.[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record16.[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of17.[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return18.[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until19.[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases20.[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real-past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's O'Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become-but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to[A] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[B] highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.[D] emphasis the importance of privacy protection.22. which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travelers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.23.The word "expedited" (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to[A] faster.[B] quieter.[C] wider.[D] cheaper.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is[A] A dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] Its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] The government's reluctance to back it.[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety[B] PreCheck-a Belated Solution[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D] Underused PreCheck LanesText 2"The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers," wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today's astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians' hostility.30. The author's attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile." With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn't the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F.Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK's Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court's decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his "official acts," or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties. Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is "distasteful" and "nasty." But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an "official act".The court's ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery." The basic compact underlying representative government," wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court," assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns."But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader's source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. Ifconnections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society-that all are equal in treatment by government-is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell's duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell's ethics.【答案】[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court's ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author's attitude toward the court's ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office -a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken's greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.41. [F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth42. [E] Soon after his father's release from prison43. [A]The first published sketch44. [C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared45. [G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker worldPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：You are to write an email to James Cook , a newly-arrived Australian professor , recommending some tourist attractions in your city . Please give reasons for your recommendation .You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET .Do not sign your own name at the end of the email . Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address . (10 points)52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay , you should1)describe the pictures briefly,2)interpret the meaning , and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.( 20 points )2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)答案）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:1【答案】[B] Besides2【答案】[A] connected3.【答案】[D] host4【答案】[C] avoid5【答案】[B] involving6【答案】[D] on7【答案】[B] exposed8【答案】[C] down9【答案】[A] calculated10【答案】[D] explained11【答案】[A] Even12【答案】[B] symptoms13【答案】[D] increased14【答案】[B] associated15【答案】[C] generate16【答案】[A] in the face of17【答案】[C] attribute18【答案】[A] because19【答案】[C] remains20【答案】[D]influencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Text 121【答案】[C] explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.22【答案】[C] An increase in the number of travelers.23【答案】[A] faster.24【答案】[D] An unreasonable price for enrollment.25【答案】[B] PreCheck-a Belated SolutionText 226【答案】[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.27.【答案】[A] its geographical features28.【答案】[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.29.【答案】[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.30.【答案】[D] full approval.Text 331【答案】[D] had a low opinion of GDP32【答案】[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .33【答案】[D]Its results are enlightening .34.【答案】[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .35【答案】[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK LessonText 436【答案】[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.37【答案】[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.38.【答案】[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.39.【答案】[B] guarantee fair play in official access.40【答案】[D] supportivePart BDirections:【答案】41. [F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth42. [E] Soon after his father's release from prison43. [A]The first published sketch44. [C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared45. [G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker worldPart C【答案】(46) 但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。
2017年考研英语一试卷真题(后附答案详解)
2017年考研英语一真题原文与答案解析完整版SectionⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word<s>for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.<10 points>Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding"yes!"_____〔1〕helping you feel close and_____〔2〕to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a_____〔3〕of health benefits to your body and mind.Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you_____〔4〕getting sick this winter.In a recent study_____〔5〕over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_____〔6〕the participants'susceptibility to developing the common cold after being_____〔7〕to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come_____〔8〕with a cold,and the researchers_____〔9〕that the stress-reducing effects of hugging_____〔10〕about 32 percent of that beneficial effect._____〔11〕among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____〔12〕."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the_____〔13〕risk for colds that's usually_____〔14〕with stress,"notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie,Hugging"is a marker of intimacy and help_____〔15〕the feeling that others are there to help_____〔16〕difficulty."Some experts_____〔17〕the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin,often called"the bonding hormone"_____〔18〕it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mothers and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain,and some of itis released into the bloodstream.But some of it_____〔19〕in the brain,where it_____〔20〕mood,behavior and physiology.SectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.〔40 points〕Text 1First two hours,now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight,at least at some majorU.S.airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety.The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea,provides another tragic reminder of why.But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process.And it should:Wasted time is a drag on Americans'economic and private lives,not to mention infuriating.Last year,the Transportation Security Administration<TSA>found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons—both fake and real —past airport security nearly every time they tried.Enhanced security measures since then,combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices,have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International.It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become —but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase inairline travel,so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line.Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes.Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoidchecked-baggage fees,though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire:Enroll more people in the PreCheck program.PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA.Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes.This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk,saving time for everyone involved.TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that,and one big reason is stickershock:Passengers must pay$85 every five years to process their background checks.Since the beginning,this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw.Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level.But Congress should look into doing so directly,by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines.It is long past time to make the program work.21.The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to[A]explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.[B]stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C]highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S.airports.[D]emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22.Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?[A]New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B]The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C]An increase in the number of travellers.[D]Frequent unexpected secret checks.23.The word"expedited"<Liner 4,Para.5>is closet in meaning to[A]quieter.[B]cheaper.[C]wider.[D]faster.24.One problem with the PreCheck program is[A]a dramatic reduction of its scale.[B]its wrongly-directed implementation.[C]the government’s reluctance to back it.[D]an unreasonable price for enrollment.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Less Screening for More Safety[B]PreCheck–a Belated Solution[C]Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D]Underused PreCheck LanesText 2"The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,"wrote Queen Liliuokalani,Hawaii'slast reigning monarch,in 1897.Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society.Sadly,all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope<TMT>,a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea,a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko,that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens.But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes.Rested in the Pacific Ocean,Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere,where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new.A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers.In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes,they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world.They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands'inhabitants.Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past；it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history,too,with roots going back to the dawn of civilization.The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens.Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are,where we come from and where we are going.Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies,as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea.The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact.To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea,old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state.There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26.Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A]her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B]the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D]her appreciation of star watchers’feats in her time.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A]its geographical features.[B]its protective surroundings.[C]its religious implications.[D]its existing infrastructure.28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A]it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B]it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C]their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D]they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A]is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B]helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C]may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D]will eventually soften Hawaiians’hostility.30.The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A]severe criticism.[B]passive acceptance.[C]slight hesitancy.[D]full approval.Text 3Robert F.Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures"everything except that which makes life worthwhile."With Britain voting to leave the European Union,and GDP already predicted to slow as a result,it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century.Many argue that it is a flawed concept.It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do.By most recent measures,the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world,with record low unemployment and high growth figures.If everything was going so well,then why did over 17 million people vote forBrexit,despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth intowell-being sheds some light on that question.Across the 163 countries measured,the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translatedinto meaningful improvements for its citizens.Rather than just focusing on GDP,over 40 different sets of criteria from health,education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges,there are a number of consistent themes.Yes,there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash,but in key indicators in areas such as health and education,major economies have continued to decline.Yet this isn’t the case with all countries.Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society,income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn:When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success,the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations,as a measure,it is no longer enough.It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes–all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth.But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31.Robert F.Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion of GDP.32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results are enlightening.34.In the last two paragraphs,the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.35.Which of the following is the best for the text?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being,a UK lesson[B]GDP figures,a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Robert F.Kennedy,a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit,the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling,the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor,Robert McDonnell.But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct,which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his"official acts,"or the former governor’s decisions on"specific"and"unsettled"issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials,unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials,is not corruption,the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is"distasteful"and"nasty."But under anti-bribery laws,proof must be made of concrete benefits,such as approval of a contract or regulation.Simply arranging ameeting,making a phone call,or hosting an event is not an"official act."The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal.Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery."The basic compact underlying representative government,"wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,"assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns."But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives,not the courts,to ensure equality of access to government.Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift.This type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency,such as records of official meetings,rules on lobbying,and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption.But it is not always corruption.Rather officials must avoid double standards,or different types ofaccess for average people and the wealthy.If connections can be bought,a basic premise of democratic society–that all are equal in treatment by government-is undermined.Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36.The underlined sentence<Para.1>most probably shows that the court[A]avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B]made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C]was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D]refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37.According to Paragraph 4,an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A]concrete returns for gift-givers.[B]sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C]leaking secrets intentionally.[D]breaking contracts officially.38.The court’s ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are[A]allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B]qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C]justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D]exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39.Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A]awaken the conscience of officials.[B]guarantee fair play in official access.[C]allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D]inspire hopes in average people.40.The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A]sarcastic.[B]tolerant.[C]skeptical.[D]supportive.Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For questions 41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs B andD have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET.〔10 points〕[A]The first published sketch,"A Dinner at Polar Walk"brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine From then on his sketches,which appeared under the pen name"Boz"inThe Evening Chronicle,earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers,as it is generally known today,secured Dickens's fame.There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars,and the plump,spectacled hero,Samuel Pickwick,because a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared,a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments,as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour,who had originated the idea for the story.With characteristic confidence,Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead.After the first installment,Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt,was not faithful enough to his prose.Seymour made the change,went into his backyard,and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide.Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist.The comic novel,The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club,appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and,to many people,the greatest English novelist of the 19th century.A moralist,satirist,and social reformer,Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison,Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices.He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament.At the same time,Dickens,who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him,especially anything comic or odd,submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F]Dickens was born in Portsmouth,on England's southern coast.His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay office--a respectable position,but with little social status.His paternal grandparents,a steward and a housekeeper,possessed even less status,having been servants,and Dickenslaterconcealedtheirbackground.Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family.Yet two years before Dicken's birth,his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe,never to return.The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse,a shoe-polish factory,where the other working boys mocked him as"the young gentleman."His father was then imprisoned for debt.Thehumiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens's greatest wound and became his deepest secret.He could not confide them even to his wife,although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G]After Pickwick,Dickens plunged into a bleaker world.InOliver Twist,he traces an orphan's progress from theworkhouse to the criminal slums ofLondon.NicholasNickleby,his next novel,combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick.The popularity of thesenovels consolidated Dickens'as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.<10 points>The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for severalfuture.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol. <47>His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have acompetitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,<48>many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages. If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.<49>The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:<50> It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.SectionⅣWriting51 directionsYou are to write an email to James Cook,a newly-arrived Australia professor,recommending some tourist attraction in your city.Please give reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the answer sheet.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e"Li Ming"instead.Do not write the address.〔10 points〕52.DirectionsWrite an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures.In y essay,you should1>describe the pictures briefly;2>interpret the meaning,and3>give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.<20 points>答案解析SectionⅠUse of English1A．BesidesB．UnlikeC．ThroughoutD．Despite[答案]A[解析]根据本句句内逻辑关系,"it turns out that hugs…"说明拥抱还有其他结果.因此,前文的逻辑关系应该为"除此以外",结合选项,A．Besides〔除此之外〕最为合适.2A．EqualB．RestrictedC．ConnectedD．inferior[答案]C[解析]本题实为逻辑关系题.根据句子前后结构"helping you feel closeand_____〔2〕",我们可以判断,由于空格处与前面内容通过and连接,说明我们要选择一个单词与feel close同义,并且要与后面介词to连用.因此,通过对于四个选项含义判断,C选项有"关联的"含义最为符合.3A．ViewB．HostC．LessonD．choice[答案]B[解析]此题为固定搭配."a host of"表示大量的.其他选项搭配不合理.4A．AvoidB．ForgetC．RecallD．keep[答案]A[解析]根据题干信息"a warm embrace might even help you_____〔4〕getting sick this winter."中,出现"even",表示"甚至",说明此句话与上一句话存在递进的逻辑关系.上一句话的语义表示"拥抱可以带来大量的好处",因此,这句话也应该表示拥抱的好处.根据四个选项含义,A．avoid〔避免〕B．forget〔忘记〕C．recall〔回忆〕D．keep〔保持〕,A选项"避免生病"最符合文意.5A．CollectingB．AffectingC．GuidingD．involving[答案]D[解析]本题考查现在分词做后置定语,需要选择一个现在分词修饰前面的"study",因此,结合四个选项A．collecting〔收集〕B．affecting〔影响〕C．guiding<引导>D．involving〔涉与、卷入〕,根据句子含义,应该表达"关于涉与400人"的研究.因此正确选项应为D6A．OnB．InC．AtD．of[答案]A[解析]本题为固定搭配.根据句义"examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_____〔6〕the participants'…"考查固定搭配"examined the effects…on sth"因此,本题正确选项为A.7A．DevotedB．AttractedC．LostD．exposed[答案]D[解析]根据句义"common cold after being_____〔7〕to the virus.""通常感冒是在...细菌之后发生的."结合选项含义A．devoted〔致力于〕B．attracted〔吸引〕C．lost〔丢失〕D．exposed<暴露于>,D选项"暴露在细菌中…"符合文意.8A．AlongB．AcrossC．DownD．out[答案]C[解析]本题为固定搭配.A．come along with<和...相处的好>B．come across with〔偿付〕C．come down with〔得病,感染〕D．come out with〔出版,提出〕,结合语境,根据后面与cold〔感冒〕搭配,C选项"得感冒"搭配最为合理.9A．ImaginedB．DeniedC．DoubtedD．calculated[答案]D[解析]本题为动词与宾语从句搭配问题.根据原文"the researchers_____〔9〕that the stress-reducing effects of hugging_____〔10〕about 32 percent of that beneficial effect."动作的主语是"研究人员",连接后面的宾语从句"拥抱减小压力的作用",并且有数据支撑.从选项含义A．imagined〔想像〕B．denied〔否认〕C．doubted 〔怀疑〕D．calculated〔计算,推测〕来看,宾语从句部分应为研究人员计算推测出的结果.因此,选项D符合要求.10A．ServedB．RestoredC．ExplainedD．required[答案]C[解析]本题为动词含义考查.根据文章内容,"the stress-reducing effects of hugging_____〔10〕about 32 percent of that beneficial effect."本题同样考查研究人员做出的研究结果,因此,结合选项含义A．served〔服务〕B．restored〔存储〕C．explained〔解释〕D．required〔要求〕,C选项"解释"符合语境要求.11A．ThusB．StillC．RatherD．Even[答案]D[解析]本题为逻辑关系题.A．Thus〔因此,表示因果关系〕B．Still〔仍然,表示强调关系〕C．Rather〔相反,表示对比关系〕D．Even〔甚至,表示递进关系〕根据文章上下文逻辑,下文是对上文做进一步说明,因此选择递进关系比较符合逻辑关系.D为正确选项.12A．DefeatsB．SymptomsC．ErrorsD．tests[答案]B[解析]形容词与名词搭配问题.根据语境"the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____〔12〕"所选词要与severe构成合理搭配,再结合前文语境是关于对于拥抱实验的结果.因此,B．symptoms<症状>符合语境要求.正确选项为B.13A．HighlightedB．IncreasedC．ControlledD．minimized[答案]B[解析]本题为形容词修饰.根据原文"Hugging protects people who are under stress from the_____〔13〕risk for colds that's usually_____〔14〕with stress,",需要选择一个形容词来修饰risk.在选项中,A．highlighted〔突出的〕B．increased〔增加的〕C．controlled〔被控制的〕D．minimized〔最小的〕,对比选项含义,B"增加的风险"更符合原文语境.14A．PresentedB．EquippedC．AssociatedD．compared[答案]C[解析]此题为固定搭配题.A和B选项不可以和with连接.C．associated可以和with连接,意为"与...有关联".D．compared和with连接表示"和..相比"不符合文章要求.因此,本题正确选项为C.15A．AssessB．GenerateC．ModerateD．record[答案]B[解析]此题考查动宾搭配.根据原文"Hugging is a marker of intimacy andhelp_____〔15〕the feeling…",需要选择一个动词能够和后文的"the feeling"搭配.分析选项含义：A．assess〔评估〕B．generate〔产生〕C．moderate〔缓和〕D．record 〔记录〕,四个选项中,B"generate the feeling"产生感觉搭配最为合理.因此正选为B.16A．in the name ofB．in the form ofC．in the face ofD．in the way of[答案]C[解析]此题为短语搭配题.分析选项含义A．in the name of〔以…为名〕B．in the form of〔以…的形式〕C．in the face of〔面对…〕D．in the way of〔以…的方式〕,结合文章语境,应为"面对困难"搭配最为合理.因此,正确选项为C.17A．AttributeB．CommitC．TransferD．return[答案]A[解析]此题为固定搭配题.即：attribute sth to sth.因此正确选项为A18A．UnlessB．BecauseC．ThoughD．until[答案]B[解析]此题为逻辑关系题.选项含义A．unless〔除非〕B．because〔因为〕C．though〔虽然〕D．until〔直到...才〕.结合原文语境,"often called"the bonding hormone"_____〔18〕it promotes attachment in relationships,"〔经常被称之为"形成亲密关系的荷尔蒙"….它促进了关系的依赖.〕从本句来看,前后文属于因果逻辑关系.因此正确选项为B19A．RemainsB．EmergesC．VanishesD．decreases[答案]A[解析]本题为动词辨析.选项含义为A．remains〔仍然〕B．emerges〔出现〕C．vanishes〔消失〕D．decreases〔减少〕结合语境信息"But some of it_____〔19〕。
2017年考研英语(一)阅读真题及答案详解
2017年考研英语(一)阅读真题及答案详解2017年考研英语考试已经结束!出国留学考研网在考后第一时间为大家提供2017年考研英语(一)阅读真题及答案详解，更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!2017年考研英语(一)阅读真题及答案详解各位同学大家晚上好!我们现在给大家做的是2017年考研英语1阅读理解板块的解析。
我目前手头只有英语1的题目，英语2赶紧回去复习，我目前没有相关材料。
关于英语1的同学我们直接给大家报答案。
我直接报答案。
看一下第一篇文章，当我拿到这个文章，今天考完结束很多同学给我发信息过来，今天一考完很多同学发来消息，说今年我们考试难度怎么样，还有一个大概评价，一直以来我们强调的考研这种国家级考试，都是以稳定压倒一切。
今年一共四篇文章难度这样的，两篇稍微简单一点，两篇有一定难度，但是再难，对于我们来讲都是利好消息，难的文章我们掌握了做题方法，尤其我们今天考试当中，这个方法不例外。
先看第一篇文章比较简单，谈了关于我们登机以前要做安检，安检流程变得更长一些。
第一题目简单，第二文章很容易读懂，文章一开头直接给我们一个中心思想。
为什么很明确，不知道大家记不记得有没有用到我们的，包括课堂当中讲到的最后三小时谈到中心思想把握方法。
文章开头是唯一一句话，大家有没有意识到这个问题，目前过安检，以前需要两个小时，现在需要三个小时了。
而且我们会谈到文章态度的对比。
第一题，直接问你，当我们谈到了，我们航班804事件的时候为了干吗?这是典型的叫做例证题，对应原文。
例子不重要，重要的是所支持的结论，结论在哪里呢?出现在例子后面环节当中，后面会谈到这样一句话。
这个案例(英文)，为我们提供另外一个原因。
对应A选项。
(英文)，对应why。
而且选项结尾谈到安全检查。
安全检查是什么?是全文中心思想。
这个题是开门红，难度不大，尤其掌握一定方法以后。
接下来第二题，是什么导致了目前主要的机场，我们安检排队过长，等待时间太久?这道题典型回到原文找到细节定位。
2017考研英语一阅读理解真题及答案详解
2016年考研英语一真题阅读理解及答案解析完整版SectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart AText1France,which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion,has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women.Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that“incite excessive thinness”by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.That’s a start.And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death-as some have done.It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women,especially teenage girls,about the socialtape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans,if fully enforced,would suggest to women(and many men)that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look tointangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures,however,rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep—and bone-showing.Under the law,using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a$85,000fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.In Denmark,the United States,and a few other countries,it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions,Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health,and other characteristics of models.The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states:“We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals,especially on young people.’The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week,which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21.According to the first paragraph,what would happen in France?[A]Physical beauty would be redefined.[B]New runways would be constructed.[C]Websites about dieting would thrive.[D]The fashion industry would decline.【答案】[A]Physical beauty would be redefined【解析】推断题。
2017年考研英语一真题答案解析
2017年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased 14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared 15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of17．[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return18．[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until19．[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases20．[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences \Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours—this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans’ economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real—past airport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then,combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago’s O’Hare International .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become—but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck’s fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. According to Paragraph 1, Parkrun has_____.[A] gained great popularity[B] created many jobs[C]strengthened community ties[D] become an official festival22. The author belie ves that London’s Olympic “legacy” has failed to _____.[A] boost population growth[B] promote sport participation[C]improve the city’s image[D] increase sport hours in schools23. Parkrun is different form Olympic games in that it ____.[A] aims at discovering talents[B] focuses on mass competition[C] does not emphasize elitism[D] does not attract first-timers24. With regard to mass sports, the author holds that governments should______.[A] organize “grassroots” sports events[B] supervise local sports associations[C] increase funds for sports clubs[D] invest in pubic sports facilities25. The author’s attitude to what UK governments have to done for sports is _____.[A]tolerant[B] critical[C]uncertain[D]sympatheticText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii’s last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity’s view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT’s planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world’s most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea’s peak rises above the bulk of our planet’s dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the prot ection of Mauna Kea’s fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the island’s inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii’s shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C] the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians’ hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GD P measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP alreadypredicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn’t the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measu re of a country’s success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes –all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP .33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study ?[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures , a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F. Kennedy , a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,” or the former governor’s decisions on “specific” and “unsettled” issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful” and “nasty.” But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act”.The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.” The basic compact underlying representative government,” wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,” assumes that public officials will hear from their constit uents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and informati on about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society—that all are equal in treatment bygovernment—is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step for ward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] leaking secrets intentionally.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] concrete returns for gift-givers.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, “A Dinner at Poplar Walk” brought tears to Dickens’s eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on his sketches ,which appeared under the pen name “Boz” in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens’s fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the ten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour’s pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father’s release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter’s eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmout h, on England’s southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office –a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even lessstatus, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken’s mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken’s birth, his mother’s father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family’s increasing poverty forced Di ckens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren’s Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as “the young gentleman.” His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father’s imprisonment and his la bor in the blacking factory formed Dicken’s greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan’s progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dich ens’ as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and internationalbusiness process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：You are to write an email to James Cook , a newly-arrived Australian professor , recommending some tourist attractions in your city . Please give reasons for your recommendation .You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET .Do not sign your own name at the end of the email . Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address . (10 points)Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures. In your essay , you should1）describe the pictures briefly,2）interpret the meaning , and3）give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.( 20 points ) Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social supportwere less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 ."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty."Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout【答案】[B] Besides2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior【答案】[A] connected3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host【答案】[D] host4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep【答案】[C] avoid5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting【答案】[B] involving6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on【答案】[D] on7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted【答案】[B] exposed8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out【答案】[C] down9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined【答案】[A] calculated10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained【答案】[D] explained11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus【答案】[A] Even12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors【答案】[B] symptoms13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased 【答案】[D] increased14．[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared 【答案】[B] associated15．[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record【答案】[C] generate16．[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in the name of。
2017考研英语一真题及参考答案
2017 考研英语一真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numberedblank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer maybe a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turnsout that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind.Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceivedsocial support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibilityto developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People whoperceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with acold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got acold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 ."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk forcolds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professorof psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty."Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits ofhugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone"18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is madeprimarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. Butsome of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.1.[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout【答案】[B] Besides2.[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior【答案】[A] connected3.[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host【答案】[D] host4.[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep【答案】[C] avoid5.[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting【答案】[B] involving6.[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on【答案】[D] on7.[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted8.[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out【答案】[C] down9.[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined【答案】[A] calculated10.[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained【答案】[D] explained11.[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus【答案】[A] Even12.[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors【答案】[B] symptoms13.[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased 【答案】[D] increased14.[A] equipped [B] associated [C] presented [D] compared 【答案】[B] associated15.[A] assess [B] moderate [C] generate [D] record16.[A] in the face of [B] in the form of [C] in the way of [D] in thename of【答案】[A] in the face of17.[A] transfer [B] commit [C] attribute [D] return【答案】[C] attribute18.[A] because [B] unless [C] though [D] until【答案】[A] because19.[A] emerges [B] vanishes [C] remains [D] decreases【答案】[C] remains20.[A] experiences [B] combines [C] justifies [D]influences【答案】[D]influencesText 1First two hours, now three hours —this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight,at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive securitylines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804, whichterrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides anothertragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers orproviding too little security in return undermines public support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons—both fake and real —past airport security nearly every time theytried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise inairline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, haveresulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'HareInternational. It is not yet clear how much more effective airlinesecurity has become —but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSAis now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much roomfor screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are tryingto overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSAcould take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSAto focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSAwants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process theirbackground checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonablelevel. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping tofinance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines.It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to[A] explain American ’s tolerance of current security checks.[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22. Which of the following contributes to long waits at majorairports?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travellers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word “expedited ”(Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaningto[A] quieter.[B] cheaper.[C] wider.[D] faster.21. One problem with the PreCheck program is[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] the government ’s reluctance to back it.[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment.22. Which of the following would be the best for the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety[B] PreCheck – a Belated Solution[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D] Underused PreCheck Lanes答案：21-25 ACDDCText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers, ”wrote QueenLiliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were amongthe mostesteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well withastronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises torevolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on MaunaKea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the HawaiianIslands to the heavens. But MaunaKea is also hometo someof the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peakrises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditionsallow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on MaunaKea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupationof what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. Intheir eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science isnot the only wayof understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to theislands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond thehorizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble alltelescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore thereality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer bigquestions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of MaunaKea. The TMTsite was chosen to minimize the telescope ’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact.To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removedat the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on MaunaKea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani ’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers ’feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features.[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partlybecause[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.23. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today ’s astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventually soften Hawaiians ’hostility.24. The author ’s attitude toward choosing MaunaKea as the TMTsite is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.答案：26-30 DABCCText 3Robert F. Kennedyonce said that a country's GDPmeasures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile. ”With Britain voting to leavethe European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it isnow a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers forover half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measuresthings that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recentmeasures, the UK’s GDPhas been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country ’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuringthat economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for itscitizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets ofcriteria from health, education and civil society engagement have beenmeasured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are anumber of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economicrecovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yetthis isn ’t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor Europeancountries have seen huge improvements across measures including civilsociety, income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: WhenGDPis no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country ’s success, the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDPhas been the most commonmethod for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such asenvironmental quality or education outcomes –all things thatcontribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UKcould lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improvingwell-being rather than simply worrying about GDPfigures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31. Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion of GDP.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.25. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results are enlightening.26. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.27. Which of the following is the best for the text?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson[B]GDP figures, a Window on Global Economic Health[C] Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK ’s Gateway to Well-being答案：31-35 DCDCAText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell.But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, whichincluded accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobilefrom a company seeking access to government.The high court ’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell ’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts, ”or the former governor ’s decisions on“specific ”and “unsettled ”issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unlessdone with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption,the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for openingdoors is “distasteful ”and “nasty. ”But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hostingan event is not an “official act. ”The court ’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution of bribery.“The basic compact underlying representative government, ”wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns. ”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access togovernment. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providinginformation or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrityrequires will-enforced laws in government transparency, such as recordsof official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about eachelected leader ’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions ofcorruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democraticsociety –that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court ’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against bothcorruption and official favoritism.36. The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that thecourt[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell ’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell ’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell ’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptiveonly if it involves[A] concrete returns for gift-givers.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] leaking secrets intentionally.[D] breaking contracts officially.28. The court ’s ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are[A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.29. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.30. The author ’s attitude toward the court ’s ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportive.答案：36-40 CBABDPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlinedsegments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for severaldecades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade withinthe foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture changecould start to diminish the leading position of English as the languageof the world market, and UKinterests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness amongthose who may believe that the global position of English is so stablethat the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additionallanguage capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their Britishcounterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongsidethat,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to begaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strengthof the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic orMandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in otherlanguage such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear andmajor challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UKin invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands,the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying inthe main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demandprovided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek topromote the learning and very different operating environment. That isa necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those whowish to influence the future must prepare for it.【答案】(46) 但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。
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2017考研英语一阅读答案答案：21-25 ACDDC21. 答案【A】explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.解析：本题目为例证题，考察论点与论据。
根据题干关键词the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804定位到第二段第二句。
例证题中的例子为论据，所要找的答案为论点，而论点在论据之前，因此该题目的答案是第二段的第一句话。
二段首句说的是美国人愿意忍受长时间的安全检查。
正确答案A的American’s tolerance是原文Americans are willing to tolerate的原词复现，current security checks是原文的time-consuming security 的同义转化。
干扰项B 的urgency to strengthen security worldwide，原文未提及worldwide，属于扩大范围;选项C的major U.S. major airports属于具体信息的干扰;选项D的privacy 隐私并未提及，是常识性干扰。
22. 答案【C】An increase in the number of travelers.解析：本题目为原因细节题。
根据题干中的long waits at major airports定位到原文第三段的第二句，原文的resulted in 与题干中的contributed to是同义转化，所以定位内容就是提升的安全措施以及航空旅游的增加。
正确答案C的an increase in the number of travelers 是原文 a rise in airline travel的同义替换。
干扰项A的carry-on bags是在第四段的最后一句出现的，非定位句内容;选项B的TSA efficiency也出现在第四段;选项D的unexpected secret checks未提及。
23. 答案【D】faster.解析：本题目为词义句意题，考察上下文逻辑关系。
根据题干，定位到第5段第3句，“Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes”，结合下一句中的这样会saving time for everyone involved，即可以节省时间的安检，与选项对应就是答案 D faster更快。
干扰项A更安静，选项B更便宜，选项C更广泛，都无关，属于常识性干扰。
24. 答案【D】an unreasonable price for enrollment.解析：本题目为具体细节题。
根据题干关键词problem with the PreCheck program定位到倒数第二段的第二句话this price tag has been the PreCheck’s fatal flaw.本句中的代词this代词指代本段第一句话，说的是Passengers必须每五年pay 85美元来做background checks。
正确答案D中的unreasonable price 是原文的85美元，enrollment就是原文的process background checks。
干扰项A其规模的极具下滑未提及，选项C其错误的执行属于过度推理，选项C政府不愿意支持是对原文的曲解。
25. 答案【C】Getting Stuck in Security Lines解析：本题目为全文主旨题。
全文的中心主题出现在第一段和二段首句的范围。
第一段介绍事实背景，第二段首句提及了美国人对于安全检查方面的状况，并在下文提及了所出现的问题。
正确答案C安检流程线陷入困境是对原文的总结概括。
干扰项A的Screening 是原文的具体细节，选项B和选项D的PreCheck是原文最后三段的内容。
26. 答案【B】the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.解析：本题目为具体细节题。
根据题干中的关键词Queen Liliuokalani的remark定位到第一段的第一句，所indicate的内容是在第一段的第二句话，意思是观星者是在Hawaiian 社会中最受尊重的成员。
正确选项B的the importance of astronomy是原文star watchers were among the most esteemed members的总结概括，in ancient Hawaiian society是原文的原词出现。
干扰项A的historical role属于原文信息的曲解，选项C的regrettable decline 未提及，过度推理，选项D不是in her time，是她评论ancient的观星者。
27. 答案【A】its geographical features.解析：本题目为具体细节题。
根据题干中的大写字母Mauna Kea，以及关键词ideal astronomical site定位到第二段But后面的内容。
But后面说Mauna Kea是世界上最有力量的望远镜home。
本题目问的是原因，定位到本段最后一句，这里提到Mauna Kea的顶峰高于大部分的浓密大气层。
选项A中的geographical features就是地质特色的意思，属于同义替换。
干扰项B的受保护的周边环境未提及，是常识性干扰;选项C的宗教暗示根据本段首句worship进行干扰，不在定位句里;选项D现有的基础设施未提及。
28. 答案【B】it reminds them of a humiliating history.解析：本题目属于原因细节题。
根据题干关键词the construction of the TMT以及opposed by some locals定位到第四段第二句，这里提到 a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation，对曾经主权国家遭占领的痛苦提醒。
选项B中的remind 是原文的原词复现， a humiliating history(令人耻辱的历史)是对the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation 的同义转化及总结概括。
29. 答案【C】may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.解析：本题目属于细节推断题。
根据题干定位到第5段，关键词progress in today’s astronomy再第五段中没有。
此种情况下，考虑段落中心，即本段的段首，段尾及转这句。
先看首句无答案，看本段尾句提到，或许那就是我们探索星际空间的原因，好像会回答有关我们自己及我们真正祖先的最原始回答。
选项C首先may是对原文as if的解读，uncover 同义替换answer，the origin of Hawaiian culture是原文ourselves and our true ancestral homes的同义转化。
干扰项A的dreams本段中没有，干扰项B的Hawaiian culture本段有提及，但未指出across the world，干扰项D的soften hostility属于过度推断。
30. 答案【D】full approval解析：第一段第二句Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today.意思是，可悲的是，夏威夷现在的天文学不太妙。
所以，对于现在夏威夷天文学不太妙的处境，作者用了一个sadly来形容，明明白白地表达了他的蓝瘦香菇。
而夏威夷现在不太妙的处境具体指什么?在下一句清楚地说明了Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view ofthe cosmos意思是我们要搞个巨牛的望远镜，你们居然不同意!所以两句结合一块，作者的态度就明白了，他是支持建望远镜的。
在最后一段的最后一句里也有作者态度的线索There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their culturalheritage and to study the stars.意思是说有人跑到你们那儿去，接受你们的文化遗产，去看星星看月亮，你们为毛不欢迎?咳咳，正经点儿说，就是用了no reason和cannot双重否定既强调又强调，还带点儿不可置信地赶脚说夏威夷人应该欢迎每一个到他们那儿去研究天文，并且欣赏他们的文化遗产cultural heritage的每一个人everyone。
具体到这篇文章，他们的文化遗产在第五段和第一段都有说，就是天文研究，而每一个人当然应该包括这些想建天文望远镜的人。
所以作者的态度旗帜鲜明，就是全力支持。
所以正确答案是D。
答案：31-35 DCDCA31. 答案【D】had a low opinion of GDP.解析：题目问的是Robert被引用是因为什么。
根据题目中的人名定位到第一段第一句话Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.”这句话是说这个人认为一个国家的GDP可以衡量所有东西，除了让生活有意义的事。
这个观点摆明了Robert对GDP持不欣赏的态度。
D选项 a low opinion不高的评价，显然是对原文的概括性描述，因此选D。
32. 答案【C】GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.解析：题目明确说了从第二段中找答案。
A选项中的economic pattern在原文中没有直接的表达，但在二段末句···people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?中，原文有提到人们投票脱欧，尽管有很多人警告他们这样做可能会对国家经济前景有影响。