新托福2011年2月20日写作考题回顾

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2011年全年TOEFL写作真题汇总

2011年全年TOEFL写作真题汇总目录2011年1月8日 (3)2011年1月22日 (3)2011年1月30日 (4)2011年2月12日 (4)2011年2月20日 (5)2011年2月26日 (6)2011年3月12日 (6)2011年3月20日 (8)2011年3月26日 (8)2011年4月9日 (9)2011年4月23日 (9)2011年5月14日 (10)2011年5月28日 (11)2011年5月29日 (11)2011年6月11日 (12)2011年6月19日 (12)2011年6月25日 (13)2011年7月9日 (14)2011年7月23日 (15)2011年8月13日 (15)2011年8月21日 (16)2011年8月27日 (17)2011年9月18日 (17)2011年9月24日 (18)2011年9月25日 (19)2011年10月16日 (19)2011年10月22日 (20)2011年10月30日 (21)2011年11月12日 (21)2011年11月13日 (22)2011年11月20日 (22)2011年11月26日 (23)2011年12月10日 (24)2011年12月11日 (24)2011年12月18日 (25)2011年1月8日【综合写作】READING：农业的一项规定，可以帮助降低农产品价格，使消费者收益；可以以低廉的价格卖给贫穷国家，帮助他们解决饥饿问题；可以减少农民的失业率；LISTENING：1.每年国家要花大笔钱来支持这项规定，这些钱必定要从税收中来，税收又来自于消费者，所以消费者并没有受到什么实惠；2.富裕的国家向贫穷国家低价出售食品，则贫穷国家自己的农民会失业。

3.有些农作物不需要大批工人，比如一个小农场种玉米，几个人就能完成所有工作。

【独立写作】过去人吃的食物比现在人的更健康。

2011年1月22日【综合写作】READING：昆虫的original purpose of proto-wings。

2011年2月托福写作预测机经及答案

[听力] 观点是传说中的复活节岛的首批居民是南美人根本就是瞎扯蛋
理由 1 没任何证据证明南美人民曾驾着小船到达岛上因岛上啥 artifact 比如锅
碗瓢盆之类的东西都找不着
小小马马过过河河 oomm————专专业业备备考考社社区区
2
IBT-SAT 小马过河—专业备考社区
2009 年 10 月 10 日
综合写作部分
reading, 第一个 settle down 到美国的英国 colony of 忘了名字消失了,假设去了
小小马马过过河河 oomm————专专业业备备考考社社区区
3
IBT-SAT 小马过河—专业备考社区
一个什么岛, 名字也忘了,证据,1.colony leader 离开后回来发现人都走了, 在外面发现了一个 sign that is the word of "那个岛的名字", leader 走之前和其他人约定好,如过离开,留下记号告诉去哪了. 2. 在岛上发先一些 artcrafts,其中有一个 ring 可一 trace back to 到那个 colony, 证据 3,岛上的人金发碧眼,说英语,是因为他们和那个 colony 的人通婚 lecture 反对, 1 领导走之前和其他人说要搬家就搬到内地,粮食多,可是那个岛是
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is often not a good thing to move to a new city or a new country because of the lose of old friends?
食 Sweet potato.
听力说：

2011考研英语二真题及答案解析[完整版]

The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic_____1_____ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert _____2_____an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that convened after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising_____3_____in Britain, Japan, Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is "_____4_____" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, _____5_____ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the _____6_____ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global_____7_____in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noticed an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths_____8_____healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to _____9_____in New York City, the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States, new cases seemed to fade_____10_____warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was _____11_____flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the_____12_____tested are the new swine flu, also known as <A> H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has_____13_____more than one million people, and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospitalizations.Federal health officials_____14_____Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began_____15_____orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is ____16_____ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those _____17_____doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not_____18_____for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other _____19_____. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk group: health care workers, people _____20_____infants and healthy young people.1 [A] criticized [B] appointed [C]commented[D] designated2 [A] proceeded[B] activated [C] followed[D] prompted3 [A] digits [B] numbers [C] amounts[D] sums4 [A] moderate[B] normal[C] unusual [D] extreme5 [A] with[B] in[C] from [D] by6 [A] progress[B] absence [C]presence[D] favor7 [A]reality [B] phenomenon [C] concept [D]notice8. [A]over[B] for [C] among [D] to9 [A] stay up[B] crop up [C] fill up [D]cover up10 [A] as [B]if [C] unless [D]until11 [A]excessive [B] enormous[C] significant[D]magnificent12 [A]categories [B] examples [C] patterns[D] samples13 [A] imparted [B] immerse [C] injected[D] infected14 [A] released [B] relayed [C] relieved[D] remained15 [A] placing [B] delivering [C] taking[D] giving16 [A] feasible [B] available[C] reliable[D] applicable17 [A] prevalent[B] principal[C] innovative[D] initial18 [A] presented[B] restricted [C] recommended[D] introduced19 [A]problems [B] issues [C] agonies[D] sufferings20 [A]involved in [B] caring for[C] concerned with[D] warding offSection Ⅱ Reading comprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. <40 points>Text1The longest bull run in a century of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst, "Beautiful Inside My Head Forever",at Sotheby’s in London on September 15th 2008. All but two pieces sold, fetching more than ￡70m, a record for a sale by a single artist. It was a last victory. As the auctioneer called out bids, in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street, Lehman Brothers, filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003. At its peak in 2007 it was worth some $65 billion, reckons Clare McAndrew, founder of Arts Economics, a research firm—double the figure five years earlier. Since then it may have come down to $50 billion. But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth, enormous egos, greed, passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and months that followed Mr Hirst’s sale, spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable, especially in New York, where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors. In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms. Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds, and in the most overheated sector—for Chinese contemporary art—they were down by nearly 90% in the year to November 2008. Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction houses, Sotheby’s and Christie’s, had to pay out nearly $200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989, a move that started the most serious contraction in the market since the Second World War. This time experts reckon that prices are about 40% down on their peak on average, though some have been far more fluctuant. But Edward Dolman, Christie’s chief executive, says: "I’m pretty confident we’re at the bottom."What makes this slump different from the last, he says, is that there are still buyers in the market, whereas in the early 1990s, wh en interest rates were high, there was no demand even though many collectors wanted to sell. Christie’s revenues in the first half of 2009 were still higher than in the first half of 2006. Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand but a lack of good work to sell. The three Ds—death, debt and divorce—still deliver works of art to the market. But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away, waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph, Damien Hirst's sale was referred to as "a last victory"because ____.A.the art market hadwitnessed a succession of victoriesB.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bidsC.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpiecesD.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis22.By saying "spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable"<Line 1-2,Para.3>,the author suggests that_____.A. collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctionsB .people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleriesC.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extentD .works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying23. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A .Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007to 2008.B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C.The market generally went downward in various ways.D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chances to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are ____A.auction houses ' favoritesB.contemporary trendsC.factors promoting artwork circulationD.styles representing impressionists25.The most appropriate title for this text could be ___A.Fluctuation of Art PricesB.Up-to-date Art AuctionsC.Art Market in DeclineD.Shifted Interest in ArtsI was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living room—a women's group that had invited men to join them. Throughout the evening one man had been particularly talkative, frequently offering ideas and anecdotes, while his wife sat silently beside him on the couch. Toward the end of the evening I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands don't talk to them. This man quickly nodded in agreement. He gestured toward his wife and said, "She's the talker in our family." The room burst into laughter; the man looked puzzled and hurt. "It's true," he explained. "When I come home from work, I have nothing to say. If she didn't keep the conversation going, we'd spend the whole evening in silence."This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations, they often talk less at home. And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s. Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book "Divorce Talk" that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces. Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent,that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year —a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning, cooking, social arrangements and errands. Instead they focused on communication: "He doesn't listen to me." "He doesn't talk to me." I found as Hacker observed years before that most wives want their husbands to be first and foremost conversational partners but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast table with a newspaper held up in front of his face, while a woman glares at the back of it, wanting to talk.26.What is most wives' main expectation of their husbands?A.Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D. Sharing housework.27.Judging from the context, the phrase "wreaking havoc"<Line 3,Para.2>most probably means ___ .A. generating motivation.B.exerting influenceC.causing damageD. creating pressure28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_______A.men tend to talk more in public than womenB.nearly 50percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversationC.women attach much importance to communication between couplesD. a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse29.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.B.Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wife have different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focuson ______A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce TalkB.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoonC.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D. a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker Text3Over the past decade, many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviors — habits — among consumers. These habits have helped companies earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks, apply lotions and wipe counters almost without thinking, often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues."There are fundamental public health problems, like dirty hands instead of a soap habit, that remain killers only because we can’t figure out how to change people’s habits," Dr. Curtis said. "We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happen automatically."The companies that Dr. Curtis turned to — Procter & Gamble, Colgate-Palmolive and Unilever — had invested hundreds of mil lions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers’ lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough, you’ll find that many of the products we use every day — chewing gums, skin moisturizers, disinfecting wipes, air fresheners, water purifiers, health snacks, antiperspirants, colognes, teeth whiteners, fabric softeners, vitamins— are results of manufactured habits. A century ago, few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day. Today, because of canny advertising and public health campaigns, many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day, often with Colgate, Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago, many people didn’t drink water outside of a meal. Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water all day long. Chewing gum, once bought primarily by adolescent boys, is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal. Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup."Our products succeed when they become part of daily or weekly patterns," said Carol Berning, a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter & Gamble, the company that sold $76 billion of Tide, Crest and other products last year. "Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers’ lives, and it’s essential to making new produc ts commercially viable."Through experiments and observation, social scientists like Dr. Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through relentless advertising. As this new science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap________.[A] should be further cultivated[B] should be changed graduallyCare deeply rooted in historyD are basically private concerns32.Bottled water,chewing gun and skin moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to____[A] reveal their impact on people’s habits[B] show the urgent need of daily necessities[C]indicate their ef fect on people’s buying power[D]manifest the significant role of good habits33. Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create people’s habits?[A]Tide[B]Crest[C]Colgate[D]Unilever34.From the text weknow that some of consum er’s habits are developed due to _____[A]perfected art of products[B]automatic behavior creation[C]commercial promotions[D]scientific experiments35. T he author’sattitude toward the influence of advertisement on people’s habits is____[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedText4Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values, including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent to serve on juries; that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community; that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race, religion, sex, or national origin; that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers; and that verdicts should represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law. The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy. In a direct democracy, citizens take turns governing themselves, ratherthan electing representatives to govern for them.But as recently as in 1986, jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals. In some states, for example, jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence, education, and moral character. Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional racial discrimination in jury selection as early as the 1880 case of Strauder v. West Virginia,the practice of selecting so-called elite or blue-ribbon juries provided a convenient way around this and other antidiscrimination laws.The system also failed to regularly include women on juries until the mid-20th century. Although women first served on state juries in Utah in 1898,it was not until the 1940s that a majority of states made women eligible for jury duty. Even then several states automatically exempted women from jury duty unless they personally asked to have their names included on the jury list. This practice was justified by the claim that women were needed at home, and it kept juries unrepresentative of women through the 1960s.In 1968, the Congress of the United States passed the Jury Selection and Service Act, ushering in a new era of democratic reforms for the jury.This law abolished special educational requirements for federal jurors and required them to be selected at random from a cross section of the entire community. In the landmark 1975 decision Taylor vs. Louisiana, the Supreme Court extended the requirement that juries be representative of all parts of the community to the state level. The Taylor decision also declared sex discrimination in jury selection to be unconstitutional and ordered states to use the same procedures for selecting male and female jurors.36.From the principles of theUS jury system,welearn that ______[A]both liberate and illiterate people can serve on juries[B]defendants are immune from trial by their peers[C]no age limit should be imposed for jury service[D]judgment should consider the opinion of the public37.The practice of selecting so-called elite jurors prior to 1968 showed_____[A]the inadequacy of antidiscrimination laws[B]the prevalent discrimination against certain races[C]the conflicting ideals in jury selection procedures[D]the arrogancecommon among the Supreme Court justices38.Even in the 1960s,women were seldom on the jury list in some states because_____[A]they were automatically banned by state laws[B]they fell far short of the required qualifications[C]they were supposed to perform domestic duties[D]they tended to evade public engagement39.After the Jury Selection and Service Act was passed.___[A]sex discrimination in jury selection was unconstitutional and had to be abolished[B]educational requirements became less rigid in the selection of federal jurors[C]jurors at the state level ought to be representative of the entire community[D]states ought to conform to the federal court in reforming the jury system40. In discussing the US jury system,the text centers on_______[A]its nature and problems[B]its characteristics and tradition[C]its problems and their solutions[D]its tradition and development46.Directions:In this section there is a text in English .Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWERSHEET2.<15points>"Suatainability" has become apopular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured apainful period of unsustainability in his own life made itclear to him thatsustainability-oriented values must be expressed though everyday action and choice。

雅思2011年2月真题及答案解析

雅思2011年2月真题解析及答案Talc PowderA Peter Brigg discovers how talc from Luzenac's Trimouns in France find its way into food and agricultural products - from chewing gum to olive oil. High in the French Pyrenees, some 1,700m above sea level, lies Trimouns, a huge deposit of hydrated magnesium silicate - talc to you and me. Talc from Trimouns, and from ten other Luzenac mines across the globe, is used in the manufacture of a vast array of everyday products extending from paper, paint and plaster to cosmetics, plastics and car tyres. And of course there is always talc's best known end use: talcum powder for babies1 bottoms. But the true versat ility of this remarkable mineral is nowhere better displayed than in its sometimes surprising use in certain niche markets in the food and agriculture industries.B Take, for example, the chewing gum business. Every year, Talc de Luzenac France - which owns and operates the Trimouns mine and is a member of the international Luzenac Group ( art of Rio Tinto minerals ) supplies about 6,000 tones of talc to chewing gum manufacturers in Europe. "We've been selling to this sector of the market since the 1960s," says Laurent Fournier, sales manager in Luzenac's Specialties business unit in Toulouse. "Admittedly, in terms of our total annualsales of talc, the amount we supply to chewing gum manufacturers is relatively small, but we see it as a valuable niche market: one where customers place a premium on securing supplies from a reliable, high quality source. Because of this, long term allegiance to a proven suppler is very much a feature of this sector of die talc market." Switching sources - in the way that you might choose to buy, say, paperclips from Supplier A rather than from Supplier B - is not an easy option for chewing gum manufacturers." Fournier says. "The cost of reformulating is high, so when customers are using a talc grade that works, even if it's expensive, they are understandably reluctant to switch."C But how is talc actually used in the manufacture of chewing gum? Patrick Delord, an engineer with a degre e in agronomics, who has been with Luzenac for 22 years and is now senior market development manager, Agriculture and Food, in Europe, explains that chewing gums has four main components. "The most important of them is the gum base," he says. "It's the gum base that puts the chew into chewing gum. It binds all the ingredients together, creating a soft, smooth texture. To this the manufacturer then adds sweeteners, softeners and flavourings. Our talc is used as a filler in the gum base. The amount vanes between, say, ten and 35 per cent, depending on the type of gum. Fruit flavoured chewing gum, for example, is slightly acidic and would react with the calcium carbonate that the manufacturer might otherwise use as a filler.Talc, on the other hand, makes an ideal filler because it's non-reactive chemically. In the factory, talc is also used to dust the gum base pellets and to stop the chewing gum sticking during the lamination and packing process," Delord adds.D The chewing gum business is, however, just one example of talc's use in the food sector. For the past 20 years or so, olive oil processors in Spain have been taking advantage of talc's unique characteristics to help them boost the amount of oil they extract from crushed olives According to Patrick Delord, talc is especially useful for treating what he calls "difficult" olives. After the olives are harvested - preferably early in the morning because their taste is better if they are gathered in the cool of the day they are taken to the processing plant. There they arc crushed and then stirred for 30-45 minutes. In the old days, the resulting paste was passed through an olive press but nowadays it's more common to add water and ( K-6IH ) the mixture to separate the water and oil from the solid matter The oil and water are then allowed to settle so that the olive oil layer can be ) and bottled. "Difficult" olives are those that are more reluctant than the norm to yield up their full oil content. This may be attributable to the particular species of olive, or to its water content and the time of year the olives arc collected - at the beginning and the end of the season their water content is often either too high or too low. These olives are easy to recognize because theyproduce a lot of extra foam during the stirring process, a consequence of an excess of a fine solid that acts as a natural emulsifier. The oil in this emulsion is lost when the water is disposed of. Not only that, if the waste water is disposed of directly into local fields - often the case in many smaller processing operations - the emulsified oil may take some time to biodegrade and so be harmful to the environment.E "If you add between a half and two percent of talc by weight during the stirring process, it absorbs the natural emulsifier in the olives and so boosts the amount of oil you can extract," says Delord. "In addition, talc's flat, 'platey' structure helps increase the size of the oil droplets liberated during stirring, which again improves the yield. However, because talc is chemically inert, it doesn't affect the color, taste, appearance or composition of the resulting olive oil."F If the use of talc in olive oil processing and in chewing gum is long established, new applications in the food and agriculture industries arc also constantly being sought by Luzenac. One such promising new market is fruit crop protection, being pioneered in the US. Just like people, fruit can get sunburned. In fact, in very sunny regions up to 45 per cent of a typical crop can be affected by heat stress and sunburn However, in the case of fruit, it's not so much the ultra violet rays which harm the crop as the high surface temperature that the sun's rays create.G To combat this, farmers normally use either chemicals or spray a continuous fine canopy of mist above the fruit frees or bushes. The trouble is, this uses a lot of water - normally a precious commodity in hot, sunny areas - and it is therefore expensive. What's more, the ground can quickly become waterlogged. "So our idea was to coat the fruit with talc to protect it from the sun," says Greg Hunter, a marketing specialist who has been with Luzenac for ten years. "But to do this, several technical challenges had first to be overcome. Talc is very hydrophobic: it doesn't like water. So in order to have a viable product we needed a wettable powder - something that would go readily into suspension so that it could be sprayed onto the fruit. It also had to break the surface tension of the cutin ( the natural waxy, waterproof layer on the fruit ) and of course it had to wash off easily when the fruit was harvested. No-one's going to want an apple that's covered in talc."H Initial trials in the state of Washington in 2003 showed that when the product was sprayed onto Granny Smith apples, it reduced their surface temperature and lowered the incidence of sunburn by up to 60 per cent. Today the new product, known as Invelop Maximum SPF, is in its second commercial year on the US market. Apple growers are the primary target although Hunter believes grape growers represent another sector with long term potential. He is also hopeful of extendingsales to overseas markets such as Australia, South America and southern Europe.Question 27-32Use the information in the passage to match each use of tale power with correct application from A. B or C. Write the appropriate letters A-C in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.NB you may use any letter more than once.A. Fruit protectionB. Chewing gum businessC. Olive oil extraction27 Talc is used to increase the size of drops.28 Talc is applied to reduce foaming.29 Talc is employed as a filler of base.30 Talc is modified and prevented sunburn.31 Talc is added to stop stickiness.32 Talc is used to increase production.Questions 33-38Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than two words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 33-38 on your answer sheet.Spanish olive oil industry has been using talc in oil extraction process for about____33____years. It is useful in dealing with difficult olives which often produce high amount of____34____because of the high content of solid materials. When smaller factoriesrelease____35____, it could be____36____to the environment because it is hard to____37____and usually lakes lime as it contains emulsified oil. However, talc power added in the process is able to absorb the emulsifier oil. It improves the oil extraction production, because with aid of talc powder, size of oil____38____increased.Question 39-40Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 39-40 on your answer sheet.39 In which process is talc used to dear the stickiness of chewing gum?40 Which group of farmers does Invelop intend to target in a long view?文章题目：滑石粉篇章结构体裁论说文题目滑石粉结构(一句话概括每段大意) A 段：滑石粉的主要用途B 段：滑石粉在口香糖市场中的用途C 段：滑石粉在口香糖制作中的原理D 段：滑石粉在其他食品中的应用E 段：滑石粉在食品中的应用原理F 段：滑石粉在水果保护中的应用G 段：滑石粉对水果的保护作用原理H 段：水果保护作用的市场拓展试题分析Question 27-32题目类型：搭配题解题思路：可以先去定位A,B,C三个选项中内容所对应的文段，然后从27-32中的题干去搜寻相符合的，而不是一个一个题目去找，这样会比较节省时间题号定位词文中对应点题目解析27 Increase，size，E 段第三句话根据文章大意将C 选项个橄榄油提取的内容定位到E 段，第三句话，提到滑石粉的结构有助于增加挥发油滴的体积，故可以判断27 题与C 相连28 Foam D 段倒数第四句话根据关键词定位到D 段，原文中提到搅拌过程中会产生很多泡沫，后面提出因此要加上滑石粉来减少泡沫。

2011年考研英语二大小作文真题解析

2011年考研英语二大小作文真题解析2011年考研英语二小作文题目和范文：suppose your cousin LI MING has just been admited to a university write him/her a letter to:(1)Congratulate him/her,and(2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life you should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. DO not sign your own name at the end of the letter,Use "zhangwe考研教育网考研英语二小作文范文：Dear friend,I am writing to congratulate you on your being successfully admitted to Harvard University, which enjoys an international reputation for its academic excellence and give you some suggestions as to how to make preparation for the coming college life.In order for you to adapt yourself to the university life, you are advised to get prepared physically and intellectually. First and foremost, you need to build a strong body for the future academic pursuit, so you can take some exercises during the breaks. Secondly, since the study in university is more demanding than in your secondary school, you are highly suggested to find some introductory books from the library so as to have a good idea of the specialty you are going to take in your college life. Given your sound ability, you are sure to have a successful college life.Congratulate you again and wish you a fruitful college life.Sincerely yours,Zhang Wei 2011年考研英语二大作文题目和范文：2011考研英语（二）大作文范文题目write a short essay baesd on the following chart.in your writing,you should:1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsyou should write at least 150 wrodswrite your essay on answer sheet 2(15points)2008、2009年国内轿车市场部分【品牌份额示意图】2011考研英语（二）大作文范文This bar chart indicates different market shares of automobiles of three types of brand affiliations between 2008 and 2009.In 2008, cars with Japanese brands topped the three types of vehicles, accounting for 35% of the total market. What follows is the cars with Chinese brands, hitting 25% of the auto market, with the share of American brand bottomed out at 15%. In 2009, some developments are noticeable in that the cars with the largest share became those of Chinese brands, which occupied roughly 32% of the market, while cars with Japanese and American brands took 25% and 15% of the whole market respectively.It is observed that between 2008 and 2009, cars of Chinese and Japanese brands took turns to be the No.1 in terms of market share while those with American brands ranked the last in both years. And the share of Chinese-brand cars witnessed a mild increase and that of the Japanese-brand cars saw a moderate decrease, while the American-brand cars stayed the same.From this graph, we can come to the safe conclusion that the Chineseautomakers are doing a good job in outcompeting their Japanese and American counterparts in 2009, but the gap is not so significant and if no efforts were made from the part of the Chinese auto industry, the distribution map might be rewritten in the future.分析：今年考研英语二的作文不是很难。

2011英语二真题作文

2011英语二真题作文2011年英语二真题作文题目为，How to Keep Healthy。

范文如下：In today's fast-paced society, people are under increasing pressure and stress, and as a result,maintaining good health has become a major concern for many. In this essay, I will discuss some effective ways to keep healthy.First and foremost, it is essential to have a balanced diet. This means consuming a variety of foods fromdifferent food groups, including fruits, vegetables, grains, protein, and dairy. It is important to avoid excessiveintake of high-fat, high-sugar, and high-salt foods, asthey can lead to obesity, diabetes, and other health problems. In addition, drinking plenty of water and staying hydrated is also crucial for maintaining good health.Regular exercise is another key factor in staying healthy. Engaging in physical activities such as walking, jogging, swimming, or playing sports not only helps to keep the body in good shape, but also improves cardiovascular health, strengthens the immune system, and reduces the risk of chronic diseases. It is recommended to exercise for at least 30 minutes a day, five days a week.Furthermore, getting enough sleep is essential for overall health and well-being. Sleep plays a vital role in the body's ability to heal and repair itself, and lack of sleep can lead to a weakened immune system, decreased cognitive function, and increased risk of chronic diseases. It is important to establish a regular sleep schedule and create a relaxing bedtime routine to ensure quality sleep.In addition to diet, exercise, and sleep, it is important to manage stress effectively in order to maintain good health. Chronic stress can have a negative impact on both physical and mental health, so it is important to find healthy ways to cope with stress, such as practicing meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises. It is alsohelpful to engage in activities that bring joy and relaxation, such as spending time with loved ones, pursuing hobbies, or enjoying nature.Finally, regular health check-ups and screenings are important for early detection and prevention of health issues. It is recommended to visit a healthcare providerfor regular check-ups, vaccinations, and screenings for conditions such as high blood pressure, cholesterol, and cancer.In conclusion, maintaining good health requires a combination of healthy eating, regular exercise, quality sleep, stress management, and regular health check-ups. By incorporating these habits into our daily lives, we can improve our overall health and well-being, and enjoy a better quality of life.以上范文是根据2011年英语二真题作文题目"How to Keep Healthy"进行的高质量仿写，希望对您有所帮助。

雅思写作A类2011年2月12日考题回顾

最权威的国际教育服务平台
资料来源：教育优选 /
雅思写作A 类2011年2月12日考题回顾
雅思考试写作A 类考题回顾考试日期：
2011.02.12 图表作文
图表种类
饼图图表
instruction The pie charts below give information about the water consumption in terms
of agriculture, industry and domestic in
four countries.
Summarize the information by
selecting and reporting the main
features, and make comparisons
where relevant.
图表要素回忆
关于4个国家的水的用处的百分比——农业，工业，家庭用水情况变化的对比。

议论文
话题类别
旅游类考题文字： Tourism is an excellent way to develop
country, but it also can cause some
harm. How can a country ensure
tourism benefit the development?
本次写作考试点评：
小作文饼图可考虑分组对比。

大作文较为易写，从政府职能的角度切入。

(公文写作及模板]新托福写作考题

3.虽然遗迹存在，但是离水源很远，专门运输水几乎是不可能的，所以建造起来有技术难度。
话题类别
教育类
考题文字：
Some people think children should spend most of their time in studying and playing while others think they should help their parents with the hous：
1.那些历史学家没去过巴比伦，当地的历史学家没有提过这个空中花园的detail，甚至没有提过这个花园，所以这些记录is not based on personal experience；
2.巴比伦可用的建筑材料是clay，但是不适合建空中花园，容易被水给erode，适合的材料很难找；
Question 2
Some people believe that it is better for children to grow up in big cities. Others believe that it is better for children to grow up in small towns or rural areas. What is your opinion and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your response.
（公文写作）新托福写作考题
新托福写作考题回顾
考试日期：
2011.3.13
Task 1
INTEGRAED
巴比伦空中花园是否存在
阅读里面说巴比伦空中花园确实存在：
1.有很多历史学家对这个空中花园有记录，且记录一致；

2011年10月22日托福考试真题回忆

2011年10⽉22⽇托福考试真题回忆版本⼀听⼒听⼒⼀ : 41（23）（13）2,434211,24（12）3（23）4 听⼒⼆：43212 ，23（24）144 ，4314（23）2 第⼀篇说的是⼀个男同学被⼥教授叫到办公室，说他paper的素材有问题，同学的素材是征服者威廉，应该多加⼀些别的材料，解释原因的时候⽀⽀吾吾地说，学⽣有点蒙，说他参考的资料很权威还是怎么（可能有偏差）因为那本书是根据⼤多数亲历那场战争的幸存者叙述纪录⽽来的，结结巴巴（这使我感到很好笑）教授结结巴巴地说，学⽣⽆奈⼜不知道说啥，最后终于解释明⽩：原来编这书的⼈好像是⼀个William Bishop他是征服者威廉的兄弟，再说胜者为王败者为寇，很难说清到底历史是不是真是那样。

第⼆篇⽂艺复兴时期的⼀种绘画艺术froce.....忘了咋拼了+_+先说了古罗马的艺术，接着引出正题，说在墙上加⼀层东西，既使墙保持⼲燥，然后画家⼜在上⾯作画。

提到了⽶开朗基罗和拉斐尔，具体的有点忘了。

然后⼜说（主要的）⽶开朗基罗和⼀个超⼤建筑（好像是教堂还是啥）⼀个⼈肯定弄不完，肯定有他的学徒参与了⼤部分绘画。

（就记了这些，还有可能错，再次请见谅！）第三篇考古学说的是古⼈类迁徙与定居的事，在20000年前怎么着，⼜在11500年前再次定居下来，然后说找到了不少考古证据，教授说什么⽓候影响⼈们是否迁徙还是定居，在西地中海地区，然后⼜说他们的古代建筑带floor，是⽤来储存grain 的，记不清了，最后⼜⼗分猥琐地提及这些房⼦是由⽯头建的，⽯头从哪来呢？从离建筑很远的地⽅。

那⽯头怎么来得呢？教授（⼀个猥琐⽼太）⼗分猥琐地⽤*荡的⼝⾳以反问句结尾，其实就是⼤夸特夸古代⼈智⼒超⾼，最关键的是：通篇都在说古代⼈的技术怎么怎么样，挺⾼的。

阅读阅读⼀ 32341,13441,224（135）阅读⼆ 22132,2（24）142,131（456）阅读三 34311,41433,212（234）阅⼀：测地球年龄的，⽤⼀个理论叫actualism，但是它有缺陷。

2011年托福独立作文题(重新整理1月到12月全)

2011年新托福考试大陆区独立作文题库2011年1月8日In the past people ate food that was better for their health than people today.2011年1月15日Some people think university professors should spend more time doing research while others think they should spend more time educating students. What is your view?2011年1月22日In order to celebrate important events such as graduation or a special birthday, some of them prefer to a large party, while some others prefer a small party with only a few close friends and family members. What is your choice?2011年1月30日Since the society is developing fast, do you agree that people now are less happy or less satisfied with their lives than people in the past?2011年2月12日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?In the busy and crowded world, we should not expect people to be polite to others.2011年2月20日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People who move out of their native village or town are happier and more successful than those who stay in native village or town for all their life.2011年2月26日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Young people have no influence the decisions that determine the future of the society as a whole.2011年3月12日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People should buy things made by their own country, even if things of other countries may cost less.2011年3月13日Should children only play and study without doing any housework.2011年3月20日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People today would be happier if they had fewer possessions.2011年3月26日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Young people should try several different jobs before they decide which job or career they will do in the long term.It is more important for government to spend money to build art museums and music performance center than to build recreational facilities such as swimming pool and playgrounds.2011年4月23日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?A job with more vacation time but a low salary is better than a job with a high salary but less vacation time. 2011年5月14日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?In the past, it was easier for people to identify what types of career or job would lead to a secure, successful future.2011年5月28日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The way of a person’s dress is an indication of his or her personality or character.2011年5月29日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It was easier to succeed in the past than it is today.2011年6月11日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Although many people in many countries care about environmental problems such as pollution and global warming, the environment will not be better in the future.2011年6月19日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?All high school students should have basic economics class.2011年6月25日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Movies and televisions should always show audience good people are being rewarded and bad people are being punished.2011年7月9日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People should take time to relax with hobbies or physical activities that are very different from what they do at work.2011年7月23日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?When teachers assign projects on which students must work together, students will learn much more effectively than ask them to do alone.The personal and work-related challenges we face now are different from those our parents and grandparents faced when they were young.2011年8月21日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?For successful development of a country, a government should focus its budget more on very young children education rather than on universities.2011年8月27日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People who develop many different skills are more successful than people who focus on one skill only. 2011年8月28日It is only worth watching movies that can teach us something about real life, agree or disagree?2011年9月18日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The rapid growth of cities has a mostly positive impact on the development of the society.2011年9月24日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Children education is a more difficult task than before due to the cell phone, internet connection and social interaction.2011年9月25日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is much easier for parents to raise children nowadays than it was 50 years ago.2011年10月16日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Young people in today are less dependent on their parents than in the past.2011年10月20日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Printed books have greater effects on society than television has.2011年10月22日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Famous entertainers and athletes deserve more privacy than they have now.2011年10月27日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Most business people are motivated only by the desire of money.The most important characteristic of a good political or business leader is an ability to accept the responsibility of the mistakes.2011年11月12日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Improving schools is the most important factor for the successful development of a country.2011年11月13日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?One can learn a lot about a person from the types of friends the person has.2011年11月20日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The most important characteristic of a successful politician or leader is good communication skill.2011年11月26日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is better to work at home by using one’s own c omputer and telephone than to do the same work in the company’s office.2011年12月10日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The best way to improve the quality of education in a country is to increase the teachers' salaries.2011年12月11日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Improving schools is the most important factor for the successful development of a country.2011年12月18日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is more important for the government to spend money on building new houses than preserving the historic or traditional buildings and homes.。

新托福口语2011年2月20日考题回顾

新托福口语2011年2月20日考题回顾新托福考试口语考题回顾考试日期：2011.02.20是否重复2009.09.19北美题号内容Question 1Describe a tool or an object that you rely on often in your daily life. Explain why it is important to you. Include reasons and examples to support your response.Question 2Do you prefer to deal with challenges alone, or together with others?Question 3Reading part Listening part【公开信】：小报上刊登了来自一个学生的公开信，倡议大学应该to build an electronic board at student center ，而不是让小广告贴满公告栏。

【原因】1、之前使用贴在校园各处的海报不一定能让所有人看见，而这个电子告示板在固定的位置，学校的人来来往往能看见，信息覆盖面很大；2、电子告示板能够提升学校形象，学校也会更整洁。

男学生觉得这主意interesting ，女生反对这封信的内容。

【原因】1、电子告示板不一定能够像预想的那样，让那么多人获取信息，因为很多人不愿意花时间特意经过电子告示板来看有什么新的消息。

举例：她自己上周五去了图书馆看到海报，所以didn't miss a show / concert ，如果没有去过就看不到了，所以一个信息不能只在一个地方发布。

2、Even though the new bulletin board was established,students will still do posters because it is not convenient ，因此人们不愿意发送到那里等着在板子上播出。

2011年11.13托福内容较完整回忆

一、阅读：第一篇讲玛雅文明（刚开始我还以为是美索不达米亚的的那篇加试，哭），然后说以前呢都认为是外来的入侵颠覆了玛雅文明，后来发现更重要的是内在原因。

一个好像是土地不够自给自足的经济搞不下去了，但是为了满足人口的增长就只能以牺牲环境作为代价了，然后又讲climate 不好了balabala，最后一段说有的地方虽然没有上面两个问题，但是战争。

说有些地方自己没粮了就进口，然后他们的问题就转嫁到了进口国身上，然后引起了摩擦……第二篇是讲 the history of the physical geography （应该是）。

就讲啊，以前发展挺好的，有个人在埃及，虽然哪儿也没去过，但是就通过观察角度 of sunspot(有题，问观察的是什么)居然就推测出地球是圆的（有题，好像是排异，问哪个不能推测出，我选的是地球是flat 的，其他选项还有什么说他地图很牛什么的），而且更可怕的是，他居然能推测出地球上有不同的温度带，靠近赤道的地方热，在两极的地方很冷。

然后就说欧洲后来在这方面就萎了，因为进入了Dark Age, 然后这个时候波斯和China 在这方面进步很快，但是这些进步没能传到欧洲。

（有题，问这一段回答了什么问题，有选项说解释了欧洲萎掉的原因，有选项说波斯和中国很牛B的原因，记不清了……）再然后就说，后来就revive 了（有词汇题，revive = start ， recover , 还是其他），说这个时候哥伦布什么的又重新掀起Physical geography 发展，特别提到一个人，说这个人很牛啊，写了30本书（有个句子插入题），然后他观察了岸边的洋流，发现chill 边上这洋流是从南极洲来的（有个句子改写题在这里。

）第三篇大致是讲测树龄的，就说数年轮很管用，第二段就说现代的测发，其中有个天文爱好者，他本来是看天文的，然后他的方法后来被用到了测树龄上，然后就测呗。

下一段讲虽然方法很好，但是有局限性，原因有四，一、二、三、四最后又讲了个什么……忘了听力：第一个section:说这个男学生去BOOKSTORE买书，结果木有啊，（女服务员查的时候男的就说他要用什么方法，说advisor 建议，然后combine 比较好，有题），然后男囧，说咋能没有啊，老师不是把书单给你们了吗（mainly about 题问男的来干嘛，有选项是说来看看老师书单到了没，应该是错的），然后店员说，我们换New policy了，男惑，为嘛啊这是，女的就说，啊，我们竞争不过Online 的价格，然后只能换了，以前老师的书单来了我们就进货，现在不了，然后女的一段（有题，问女的态度，A觉得书店能像以前一样好，B从长远看不利于书店的利益，D觉得书店这样做理由很充分）。

2011年_月新托福写作TASK1考题汇总

2。沙尘成份和红雨大大不同,如沙尘中含大量铁,红雨中很少铁。
3.linchen繁殖期才会释放spore,而每个linchen繁殖期不同步。不可能放出这么多Spore。
12.10
opposeagainst the law that prohibits importing. Buying, selling the non-native species in U.S
3.非本土物种可能不会造成威胁，比如Belgian rabbits are nonnative，but it will not establish in the northeast of U.S because the weather is really cold
听力：本土物种会造成威胁,破坏当地物种。Belgian rabbits carryMyxoma kill a lot of native animals and kill almost 99% of native rabbits.
1, people fear that their pets will be taken away by authorities
听力：法律禁止买卖，但不会拿走人们现在的宠物。现在的宠物是国内的，不在禁止范围。E.g. one person has tropical fish; the fish will not be taken away, but the owner cannot buy the non-native tropical fish in the future
2. It is expensive to implement the law because government has tospend a lot on the study of nonnative animals

TSU_托福2011一二月份_作文综合机经

TSU_JJ_综合作文ContentsTSU_JJ_综合作文 (1)1. 2009.01.23NA ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 2. 2009.02.27NA ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 3. 2009.04.03NA ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 4. 2009.09.11NA ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 5. 2009.09.19NA ............................................................................................................................................................ 2 7. 2009.10.17NA ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 8. 2009.10.31NA ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 9. 2009.11.07NA ............................................................................................................................................................ 3 10. 2009.11.13NA ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 11. 2009.12.04NA ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 12. 2009.12.19NA ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 13. 2009.09.12CN ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 14. 2009.10.10CN .. (5)1. 2009.01.23NA题目行星(meteorite)撞地球导致动物灭亡阅读（是）听力（不是）50-million-old meteorite fragments这些碎片看起来很新，应该没有250-million-old 这么老（not so old as 250 million years ）。

2011年托福独立作文题（重新整理1月到12月全）

2011年托福独立作文题（重新整理1月到12月全）第一篇：2011年托福独立作文题(重新整理1月到12月全) 2011年新托福考试大陆区独立作文题库2011年1月8日In the past people ate food that was better for their health than people today.2011年1月15日Some people think university professors should spend more time doing research while others think they should spend more time educating students.What is your view?2011年1月22日In order to celebrate important events such as graduation or a special birthday, some of them prefer to a large party, while some others prefer a small party with only a few close friends and family members.What is your choice?2011年1月30日Since the society is developing fast, do you agree that people now are less happy or less satisfied with their lives than people in the past?2011年2月12日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In the busy and crowded world, we should not expect people to be polite to others.2011年2月20日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People who move out of their native village or town are happier and more successful than those who stay in native village or town for all their life.2011年2月26日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Young people have no influence the decisions that determine the future of the society as a whole.2011年3月12日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should buy things made by their own country, even if things of other countries may cost less.2011年3月13日Should children only play and study without doing any housework.2011年3月20日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People today would be happier if they had fewer possessions.2011年3月26日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Young people should try several different jobs before they decide which job or career they will do in the long term.2011年4月9日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for government to spend money to build art museums and music performance center than to build recreational facilities such as swimming pool and playgrounds.2011年4月23日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? A job with more vacation time but a low salary is better than a job with a high salary but less vacation time.2011年5月14日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In the past, it was easier for people to identify what types of career or job would lead to a secure, successful future.2011年5月28日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The wa y of a person’s dress is an indication of his or her personality or character.2011年5月29日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It was easier to succeed in the past than it is today.2011年6月11日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Although many people in many countries care aboutenvironmental problems such as pollution and global warming, the environment will not be better in the future.2011年6月19日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All high school students should have basic economics class.2011年6月25日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Movies and televisions should always show audience good people are being rewarded and bad people are being punished.2011年7月9日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should take time to relax with hobbies or physical activities that are very different from what they do at work.2011年7月23日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? When teachers assign projects on which students must work together, students will learn much more effectively than ask them to do alone.2011年8月13日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The personal and work-related challenges we face now are different from those our parents and grandparents faced when they were young.2011年8月21日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? For successful development of a country, a government should focus its budget more on very young children education rather than on universities.2011年8月27日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People who develop many different skills are more successful than people who focus on one skill only.2011年8月28日It is only worth watching movies that can teach us somethingabout real life, agree or disagree?2011年9月18日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The rapid growth of cities has a mostly positive impact on the development of the society.2011年9月24日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children education is a more difficult task than before due to the cell phone, internet connection and social interaction.2011年9月25日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is much easier for parents to raise children nowadays than it was 50 years ago.2011年10月16日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Young people in today are less dependent on their parents than in the past.2011年10月20日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Printed books have greater effects on society than television has.2011年10月22日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Famous entertainers and athletes deserve more privacy than they have now.2011年10月27日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Most business people are motivated only by the desire of money.2011年10月30日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important characteristic of a good political or business leader is an ability to accept the responsibility of the mistakes.2011年11月12日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Improving schools is the most important factor for the successfuldevelopment of a country.2011年11月13日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? One can learn a lot about a person from the types of friends the person has.2011年11月20日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important characteristic of a successful politician or leader is good communication skill.2011年11月26日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to work at home by using one’s own computer and telephone than to do the same work in the company’s office.2011年12月10日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way to improve the quality of education in a country is to increase the teachers' salaries.2011年12月11日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Improving schools is the most important factor for the successful development of a country.2011年12月18日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for the government to spend money on building new houses than preserving the historic or traditional buildings and homes.第二篇：托福独立写作常用词汇词组总(超全)独立写作七类核心词汇总结一、媒体类比背词汇paparazzi 狗仔队mass media 大众媒体entertainment 娱乐 journalism 新闻业 journal 期刊the latest news 最新消息exclusive news 独家新闻news agency 新闻社 news block out 新闻封锁 news censorship 新闻是审查 freedom of the press 新闻自由 coverage 新闻报道do reportage on … 报道… hit the headlines 上头条 issue 出版，发行 newsstand 报摊free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人 chief editor 总编 editorial 社论newsworthy 值得报道的 barometer 晴雨表the barometer of public opinion 舆论的晴雨表 live broadcast 直播quiz show 智力竞赛节目 game show 游戏节目 variety show 综合节目 talk show 脱口秀 sitcom 情景喜剧 soap opera 肥皂剧 movie star 电影明星movie king 影帝movie queen 影后affair 绯闻celebrity 名人 fame 名声rise to fame 声名鹊起 fan 热心追求者invade one’s privacy 侵扰了…的隐私misleading 误导性的cheating 欺骗性的 popularity 知名度 scandal 丑闻sensational 轰动的prevalent 普遍的，流行的 imperative 重要的，必要的 audience ratings 收视率 propaganda 宣传be abducted by 受…诱导purify one’s soul 净化心灵live in a virtual world 生活在一个虚拟世界中be a great comfort to somebody 对…来说是一个巨大安慰meet different tastes 满足不同口味provide somebody with something 给…提供… follow the fashion blindly 盲目追求时尚 commit crimes 犯罪be inconceivable to somebody 对…来说是难以想象的impressive 给人印象深刻的 right to know 知情权in the disguise of… 打着…的幌子endanger social stability and safety 危害社会稳定和安全information era 信息时代keep one informed about something 是某人了解… audience/viewers 观众have unhealthy and harmful effects on… 对…有不良影响information-explosion society 信息爆炸的社会 influential 有影响的revolutionize the way we acquire information 彻底改变我们获取信息的方式 blessing 福 curse 祸various thrilling programs 各种各样激动人心的节目poor-quality programs 低质量节目ever-accelerated 不断发展的exaggerate 夸张enjoyable 令人享受的 fashionable 时尚的electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射 psychological illnesses 心理疾病 isolated 孤僻的unimaginative 缺乏想象力的 unsociable 不好社交的deprive somebody of one’s imagination and creativity 使…失去想象力和创造力jeopardize one’s health 危害健康be exposed to … 了解到…，接触到…find its way into every family 进入千家万户 global village 地球村be in dulged in … 沉溺于…be addicted to… 对…上瘾be fascinated by … 被…所吸引be dependent on… 依赖…second-hand information 二手信息 go astray 误入歧途embark on the criminal road 走上犯罪道路 irresistible 无法抵制的 hallmark 标志create topics of discussion 制造交谈话题 critical thinking 批判性思维powerful means of communication 有力的交流工具main cause 主因tempting 有诱惑力的 reliable 可靠的family attachment 家庭归属感 mutual understanding 相互了解alienation of affection 感情疏远be sick of … 对…厌倦generation gap 代沟exchanges of feelings 感情交流 emotional bond 感情纽带strengthen family ties 加强家庭纽带关系be detached from reality 与现实隔绝 distinguish right from wrong 明辨是非 edifying有教育意义的 couch potato 电视迷be harmful to… 对…有害 imitate 模仿inexpressible 难以形容的physical and mental healthy 身心健康stimulate one’s imagination and creativity 激发某人的想象力和创造力 unwholesome lifestyle 不健康的生活方式 a great deal of information 大量的信息二、工作类必背词汇ambitious 雄心壮志的，野心勃勃的 adaptability 适应性adapt oneself to… 使自己… prosperity 繁荣be disadvantageous to … 对…不利 flow of personnel 人才流动mechanism of personnel flow 人才流动机制survival of the fittest 适者生存 a sense of accomplishment 成就感potentiality 潜能learn to cooperate and compromise 学习合作和妥协be deeply impressed with… 对…印象很深 company philosophy 企业文化 flexibility灵活性competitive 竞争激烈的 arena 舞台team–work spirit 团队合作精神 treasure opportunity 珍惜机会a fat salary 收入颇丰a harmonious interpersonal relationship 和谐的人际关系a sense of responsibility 责任感 material gains 物质待遇promising future 光明的前途 bright prospect 光明的前景a challenging job 一份具有挑战性的工作 turning point 转折点be closely related to… 与…息息相关get advanced in the society 出人头地 a decent job 一份体面的工作 a chance of promotion 升迁机会stability and satisfaction 稳定感和满足感keep skills fresh and up-to-date 使技能可以不断更新 expand one’s horizon 开阔视野balance work and life平衡工作和生活 from-nine-to-five 朝九晚五一族shoulder/undertake one’s resp onsibility 承担自己的责任upgrade oneself 提升自我a well-paid job 高收入工作creative work创造性工作stand up to / meet the challenge 迎接挑战 realize the value of life 实现人生价值enrich one’s social experience 丰富一个人的社会阅历cultivate one’s independence and toughness 培养自己的独立性和坚韧性 seek for personal development 追求个人发展 display one’s talent 展示才能a sense of self-fulfillment 自我实现感 a promotion opportunity 提升机会meet one’s personalized needs 满足某个人个性化需求 define one’s role 确定自己的角色social recognition 社会认可accumulate experience 获取经验 inspiring 鼓舞人心的 motivation 动机workaholic 工作狂working environment 工作环境 work overtime 加班improve one’s capabilities 提高某人能力develop one’s talents 培养才智 ideal workplace 理想工作场所master interpersonal skills 掌握人际交往技能三、社会类必背词汇 urbanization 城市化 centralization 集中化imbalance 不平衡in the long run 从长远角度而言infrastructure 基础设施booming 繁荣发展的tertiary industry 第三产业tranquility 宁静revenue 税收commercialization 商业化traffic congestion 交通拥挤water scarcity 水短缺the environmental pollution 环境污染over-industrialization 过度工业化over-crowdedness 过度拥挤unemployment 失业wealth distribution 财富分配social instability 社会动荡urban construction 城市建设population explosion 人口激增a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升drain of energy and resources 能源和资源消耗offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就业机会a rapid pace of life 快节奏生活stress-related illnesses 与压力有关的疾病high cost of living 高额生活费用pastoral life 田园生活class polarization 阶级两极分化social welfare 社会福利give special care to… 给予…特殊关照urban sprawl 城市扩张convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具better medical services 更好的医疗服务pressure of modern life in city 城市生活压力be vulnerable to… 易于患上…melting pot 熔炉on the brink of… 处于…边缘pollutant 污染性物质waste disposal 废物处理put the blame on… 归咎于…be attributable to…归因于…ways of consumption 消费方式suffer heavy losses 遭受重大损失citizen 居民be confronted with… 面临着…breed crimes 滋生犯罪vicious cycle 恶性循环a feasible measure 一种可行的措施give priority to… 优先考虑…city planners 城市规划者save resource 节省资源flourishing 繁荣昌盛speed up 加速relieve the pressure of… 缓解…的压力advocate the management of resources 倡导资源管理benefit from 从中受益put forward valuable suggestions 提出宝贵意见play a major role in easing traffic 在缓解压力上扮演了重要角色participate in the reconstruction of the city 参与城市重建raise the environmental management level 提高环境管理水平create a pleasant ecological environment 创造出一种和谐的生态环境give priority to 优先关注catch much attention 引起很大关注resource allocation 资源配置perfect the construction of urban infrastructure 完善城市基础设施建设reduce the number of vehicles 减少车辆implement strict vehicle emission standards 制定严格的汽车排放标准reduce waste 减少浪费eliminate poverty and backwardness 消除贫穷与落后prevent and control pollution 预防和控制污染reinforce the conservation of water and soil 加强水土保护keep ecological balance 维持生态平衡adopt environmental protection technique 采取环保技术create a healthy culture environment 创造出一种健康的文化氛围strengthen the regulation and monitoring 加强监督和管理enhance the governmental intrusion 加大政府干预性措施promote the legislative regulations 促进立法管理establish and perfect the social security system 建立和完善社会的安全体系give special care to 给某人和某物特别的关照map out(work out)a blueprint of… 制定出…的发展蓝图impose some restrictions on… 对…实施限制increase the inputs in… 加大对…的投入arouse people’s awareness of 唤醒人们的…意识take some preventive(remedial)measures 采取一些预防(补救)措施enforce on-the-spot penalties 采取立即惩罚性措施play the role of media 发挥媒体的作用take proper guidance and support 采取恰当的引导和支持impose heavier penalty on 对…采取更加严格的惩罚set down effective laws 制定积极有效的法律urban planning 城市规划result in shortage of energy and natural resources 导致能源和自然资源的短缺break the ecological balance 破坏生态平衡be harmful to our physical and mental health 对我们的身心健康有害contaminate the environment 污染环境promote the sustainable development of the city 促进城市的可持续发展greenhouse effect 温室效应strengthen pollution control 加强污染控制popularize environmental protection knowledge 普及环保知识burning 迫在眉睫四、文化类必背词汇cultural diversity 文化多元化cultural treasures 文化宝藏cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流cultural reconstruction 文化重建spiritual civilization 精神文明heritage 遗产achievements of art 艺术成就tear down 拆除humane historical sites 人文历史遗址preserve the cultural relics 保护文化遗产blueprint 蓝图skyscraper 摩天大楼high-rise office buildings 高层写字楼city construction 城市建设well-structured 结构良好的 crystallization 结晶visual enjoyment 视觉享受driving force 驱动力reconstruct 重建destruct 破坏architectural industry 建筑工业map out 制定出city designing 城市设计beautify our life 美化我们的生活human civilization 人类文明cradle of culture 文化摇篮mainstream culture 主流文化cultural traditions 文化传统national pride 民族自豪感local customs and practices 风土人情attract people’s eyes 吸引人们的眼球artistic taste 艺术品味cornerstone 基石be closely interrelated with… 与…有密切关系adhere to the tradition 坚持传统architectural vandalism 破坏建筑行为carry forward… 弘扬…cultural needs 文化需求reputation 声望maintain the world peace 维护世界和平artistic reflection 艺术反应give publicity to… 宣传…burden 负担cause irreversible damage 造成不可逆转的损失national identity and value 民族特性和价值观remove prejudice and misunderstanding 消除偏见和误解symbol 象征artistic standards 艺术水准enjoy great popularity 广受欢迎cultural devolution 文化退化cultural insights 文化视觉learn about the world 了解世界a thrilling experience 一段令人激动的经历abstract 抽象的 concrete 具体的move somebody to tears 使…感动流泪get relaxed and entertained 得到放松和娱乐venue 场所have its value 有自己的价值inspiration 灵感scope of knowledge 知识面lasting artistic works 永恒的艺术作品abstruse 深奥的break with old customs 抛弃传统carry down from generation to generation 代代相传advocate the new lifestyle 倡导新的生活方式entertainment 娱乐be different from… 与…不同direct experience 直接经验echo 共识satiate people’s psychological demands 满足心理需求attach more importance to… 更重视…spiritual enhancement 精神升华a mirror of… …的一面镜子determinant 决定性因素eclipse 使…相形见绌contribute to… 有助于…a sense of cool and satisfaction 一种惬意的感觉pastimes 消遣方式nurture imagination 培养想象力meditation 沉思the essence of immortality 永恒的精髓instructive 有启发性的 edification 熏陶arouse one’s curiosity about something 引发某人对某事的好奇心enrich one’s knowledge 丰富某人知识value of knowledge 知识的价值cultural differences 文化差异Time is fleeting and art is long.时光飞逝，艺术永恒。

2011年考研英语（二）考试真题及参考答案

2011年考研英语（二）考试真题及参考答案完型填空试题："The Internet affords anonymity to its users —a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cybercrime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyberczar, offered the Obama government a 4 to make the Web a safer place —a “voluntary identify” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identify systems. Users could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 , the approach would creat e a “walled garden” in safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs 15 .'"Still, the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such an initiative push toward what would 17 be a license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1.A.swept B. skipped C. walked D. ridden2.A.for B. within C. while D. though3.A.careless B. lawless C. pointless D. helpless4.A.reason B. reminder C. compromise D. proposalrmation B. interference C. entertainment D. equivalent6.A.by B. into C. from D. over7.A.linked B. directed C. chained D. compared8.A.dismiss B. discover C. create D. improve9.A.recall B. suggest C. select D. realize10.A.released B. issued C. distributed D. delivered11.A.carry on B. linger on C. set in D. log in12.A.In vain B. In effect C. In return D. In contrast13.A.trusted B. modernized C. thriving D. competing14.A.caution B. delight C. confidence D. patience15.A.on B. after C. beyond D. across16.A.divided B. disappointed C. protected D. united17.A.frequently B. incidentally C. occasionally D. eventually18.A.skepticism B. tolerance C. indifference D. enthusiasm19.A.manageable B. defendable C. vulnerable D. invisible20.A.invited B. appointed C. allowed D. forced完型填空参考答案：1-5 ACBDD 6-10 BACCA 11-15 DBACA 16-20 CDACD其他客观题答案：21-25BBDAA26-30DBCBB31-35BDCDB36-40DCBAC41-45EDCFG2011考研英语(二)小作文suppose your cousin LI MING has just been admited to a university write him/her a letter to:(1)Congratulate him/her,and(2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university lifeyou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.DO not sign your own name at the end of the letter,Use "zhangwe英语(二)小作文范文：A Letter to LimingJan-15-2011Dear Liming,Congraduate on you success in passing the entrance examination.Now, please allow me to give you some suggestion during your holidays.First of all, you should read. Because it makes a full man. Reading during the holiday helps you get the habit of it that when you become a freshman. College life is so plentiful but reading is the most important thing.Second, to do some housework can bring you another feelings. Once you get into the college, you must do the things for yourself, including washing, clear the room and shedule your daily life and etc.Howev er, reading and housework doesn’t mean all of your holiday. You need contact with your friends or communicate with them. The reason is that old friends will be in your memory and new friends will be there. And we all know that the friendship among senior school.From the things I mentioned above, hope they will bring you a richful life in your college.Zhangwei2011考研英语（二）大作文范文题目write a short essay baesd on the following chart.in your writing,you should:1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsyou should write at least 150 wrodswrite your essay on answer sheet 2(15points)英语二大作文范文(文都版)As can be seen clearly from the chart, the market share taken by domestic car brands increased rapidly from 25% in 20008 to nearly 35% in 2009, while conversely, the market share owned by Japanese car brands dropped by 10% from 35% in 2008 to 25% in 2008. What’s more, the market share taken by American car brands is on the upward trend, from 10% to nearly 15%.Three reasons, in my opinion, can account for the changes in car market in these two years. First, the rise of Chinese cars is of little surprise as we have seen Chinese enterprises’ commitment to developing self-owned technologies, which not only free them from potential risks, but also bring about long-term benefit. Second, Japanese cars, which used to be highly praised for their outstanding quality and superior stability, is now reeling from a crisis of confidence. Last, the improvement of American cars’ performance must be attributed to the smart marketing strategy employed by American sellers. They launched a lot of marketing campaigns designed specially for Chinese market, which won them applaud as well as benefit.In order to maintain the good momentum of development, domestic cars should on one hand stick to their self-independent policy, and on the other, learn some experiences from Japanese car’s failures and Americans’ success.免责声明：本文仅代表作者个人观点，与凤凰网无关。

2011考研英语二作文

2011考研英语（二）写作真题详解与参考范文参考范文Dear Li Ming,Congratulations! I’m absolutely delighted to hear that you have just been admitted to Stanford University. I know there was a lot of competition this year but your hard work and perseverance certainly paid off.I’d like to give you several practical proposals on how to prepare for your university life. Firstly, it’s my hope that you will take advantage of the library in your university by reading books outside the college curriculum. Secondly, I believe that free-time should be divided into three main activities: physical exercise, relaxation, and communication with friends and family.Wish you further success in your continuing studies and hope you wil l invite me to your graduation ceremony in four years time. (115 words)Yours faithfully,Zhang Wei参考译文李明：祝贺你！得知你已被斯坦福大学录取，我由衷地高兴。

2011年写作考题汇总

2011.1.8（pie chart）Some people think that robots are very important for humans' future development. Others, however, think that robots are a dangerous invention that could have negative effects on society. Discuss both views and give your opinion.(科技类)2011.01.15(pie chart)The workplace nowadays is trying to employ the equal number of females and males. Do you think it is a positive or negative trend? （社会类-工作）2011.01.22(pie chart)Today there is a great increase in anti-social behaviors and lack of respect to others. What are the causes of this? Who should take responsibility for dealing with it?（社会类）2011.01.27（table）Some people think that it is necessary to travel abroad to learn about other countries, but other people think that it is not necessary to travel abroad because all the information can be seen at TV and the internet.Discuss both opinions and give your own opinion.(旅游)2011.02.12(pie chart)How can countries ensure that tourism benefits the development?/What can countries do to make tourism ensure the development2011.02.19(line graph)Some people think that women should play an equal role as men in military force or police force, others say women are not suited for such kind of work. Discuss both side and give your own opinion.(社会类)2011.02.26（map）Many people believe that counties should produce food for all population eats and import food as little as possible. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(社会类)2011.03.05(bar chart)Some people believe governments should spend money in saving languages of few speakers from dying out completely. Others think this is a waste of financial resources.(社会类)Discuss both views and give your opinion.2011.03.12(bar chart)Competitiveness is a positive quality for people to have among most societies. How does this competitiveness affect individuals? Do you think it is a positive or negative trend？（社会类）2011.03.19(bar chart)Computer technologies are more accessible and cheaper, as the result, more adults work at home and children study at home. Is this a positive or negative development?(科技类)2011.04.02(line graph)Many people think cheap air travel should be encouraged because it gives ordinary people freedom to travel further. However, others think this leads to environmental problem, so air travel should be more expensive in order to discourage people from having it. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.(环境与科技类)2011.04.16(bar chart)Every one believes that it is important to protect the environment however seldom do that themselves. Why is it important to protect environment by ourselves? What action should we do?2011.04.28(line graph)Too much money has spent on looking after and repairing old buildings, therefore, we should knock down old buildings and build modern ones instead. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2011.04.30(bar chart)Foreign tourist abroad should be charged more than local people when visiting the local historical and cultural tourist attractions. To what extent do you agree or disagree？2011.05.07(line graph)Environmental problems are too big for individual countries and individual people to address. We have reached the stage where the only way to protect the environment is to address it at an international level. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?2011.05.14(bar chart)Individual greed and selfishness has been the basis of the modern society. Some people think that we must return to the older and more traditional values of respect for the family and the local community in order to create a better world to live in. To what extent do you agree or disagree?2011.05.19(bar chart)The government should control the amount of violence in films and on television in order to decrease the violent crimes in society. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this issue? 2011.05.28(table)Many people believe that teachers should take the responsibility for the students to judge what is right and wrong and behave well, others feel that teachers should only teach academic subjects. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.2011.06.04(flow chart)People set news as our knowledge of society, but people don’t make sure how far we trust in journalists. What is your opinion on this? And what qualities do you think journalist should have? 2011.06.11(table+pie)Some people think the government should spend more money on public services rather than waste money on arts (i.e. music and painting). To what extent do you agree or disagree?2011.06.11(table+pie)Some people think the government should spend more money on public services rather than waste money on arts (i.e. music and printing). To what extent do you agree or disagree? (社会类) 2011.06.23(line graph)Traditional food is being replaced by international fast foods. This has negative effects on family and society. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (社会类)2011.06.25(bar chart)Nowadays, advertising is having an increasing influence on our lives. Some people think that the positive effects outweigh the negative effects. Do you agree or disagree?(广告类)2011.07.09(table)There are many extinct animals’ species in the world nowadays. Some people say we should protect these animals from dying out, while others say we should concentrate more on problems of human beings.Discuss both opinions and give your personal view.（动物保护类）2011.07.16(pie chart)In today's world of advanced science and technology, we still greatly value our artists such as musicians, painters and writers. What can arts tell us about life that science and technology cannot?（社会人文类）2011.07.28(line chart)In schools and universities, some girls tend to choose arts subjects, while boys choose to study science subjects. What are the reasons? Do you think this trend should be changed? （教育类）2011.07.30(bar chart)Some people think that dangerous sports should be banned, but others think the people should have freedom to choose sports activities. Discuss both views and give your opinion.（生活类）2011.08.13(flow chart)Some people think that the main purpose of school is to turn children as good citizens and workers, rather to benefit them as individuals. To what extent do you agree or disagree?（教育类）2011.08.20(table)Some people believe that if a police force carries guns, it would cause a high level of violence in that society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?（社会类）2011.08.25(line chart)Higher education is funded in several ways: all costs paid by the government; all costs paid by students; all costs paid by students with a government loan which must be repaid after graduation. What are the advantages of these options? Which is your choice? （教育类）2011.08.20(pie chart)Nowadays, people all over the world are watching foreign films much more than locally produced films. Why? Should government give more financial support to local film industry? （社会类）2011.08.25(line chart)Higher education is funded in several ways: all costs paid by the government; all costs paid by students; all costs paid by students with a government loan which must be repaid after graduation. What are the advantages of these options? Which is your choice? （教育类）2011.08.27(pie chart)Nowadays, people all over the world are watching foreign films much more than locally produced films. Why? Should government give more financial support to local film industry?( 社会类）2011.09.03(bar chart)The qualities a person needs to become successful in today’s world cannot be learned at a university or any similar academic institution. To what extent do you agree or disagree? （教育类）2011.09.15(line chart)Nowadays a large amount of advertising is aimed at children. Some people think this can have negative effects on children and should be banned. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(媒体类)2011.09.17(map)Somebody think that some subjects such as math and philosophy are difficult to some students, so people should take it as selective not compulsory. Do you agree or disagree? （教育类）2011.09.24(bar chart)The best way for a country to prepare for the future is to invest more resources for its young people. How true do you think of it? What is the best way to invest more resources on young people? ( 社会类）2011.10.08(line chart)The trend of the proportion of older people is increasing steadily. Is it positive or negative to society? ( 社会类）2011.10.20(bar chart)Holding Olympic Games is an exciting event. Some people think it has positive effects while others argue it is a waste of money. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion. ( 社会类）2011.10.22(line chart)Currently, anyone can post information on the internet. Therefore, most information on the internet might be inaccurate. To what extent do you agree or disagree?（科技类）2011.10.29(flow chart)Films and computer games containing violence are popular. Some people say they have negative effect on society and should be banned. Other say they are just harmless relaxation. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.。

2011托福考试独立写作范文汇总

2011托福考试独立写作范文汇总Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Obviously, the earliest teachers we have in our lives in most cases are our parents, and they are generally the most involved in the development and education of their children. Yet neither are all parents good teachers nor are those good parents the best teachers.First of all, not all parents are good teachers. As normal individuals, some parents more or less have bad habits. Even though parents almost instinctively devote themselves to cultivating their offspring, the outcome might turn out to be disappointment, for all children tend to unconsciously or subconsciously copy every thing from their parents. Another deficiency of parents as teachers is the fact that most parents are lack of common senses of education. All too often we observe some parents tend to pursue their cherished but failed dream by forcing their children to develop in a prearranged direction. Ironically, if their children did not follow the instructions, the children would be regarded as disobedient or allegedly rebellious. In fact, it is parents rather than their children that virtually disobey common senses.Moreover, some parents are qualified as good teachers, but not all of them are the best ones. When children are in the preliminary school, it is not surprising that parents are capable of teaching their children almost every subject even better than professional teachers in the school. But the situation will not last long. We live in a world where knowledge is accumulated by multiplying and at the same time becomes more and more specialized. Therefore, to be a professional in a certain field today takes much longer time than ever before. No parent is able to be professional in all fields, though they might be experts in one or more fields. Wise parents often release rather than charge their children as early as possible.They are aware of the possibility outside thefamily. Parents may, nevertheless, help their children much more than do good teachers. Most parts of children education are virtually beyond teachers' reaches. It is parents that supplement. Psychology studies have shown us that parents' love sometimes has astonishingly magic power to their children. Albert Einstein's mother and Forest Gump's mother are both good examples. On the other hand, parents might do their children harm more than do bad teachers as well. The natures of those children whose parents have divorced are often severely distorted. In a word, it is rather superficial to simply saythat parents are the best teachers.[404words]4. It has been said, "Not everything that is learned is contained in books."Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledgegained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?Both experiences and books are very essential resources, and both of themhave relevant merits.提供：Experiences are the most direct resources we ever have. Almost our every basic skill came from experiences, such as walking, articulating, reading eventhinking. Without experiences, some natural born abilities even might lose.Studies have shown that a baby who was robbed by animals into forest for 12years lost his ability to talk in human language. Furthermore, it is generallyaccepted that each and every skill develops by experiences, and that's whypeople always say practice makes perfect. Books are valuable when knowledge is beyond the scope of our experiences.Perhaps the most obvious examples are those fluent writers. They writevarious stories, the scopes of which are far beyond any individual'sexperiences. Take Joyce Carol Oates for example, her productivity has beenprodigious, accumulating in less than two decades to nearly thirty titles,including novels, collections of short stories and verse, plays and literary criticism. Although some of them appear to come from her own direct observations, her dreams, and her fears, much more is clearly from the experiences of others. Her fictive world remains strikingly akin to that real one reflected in the daily newspapers, the television news and talk shows, and the popular magazines of our day.Yet either experiences or books may give us wrong information. Our direct observations always are subject to our beliefs, hopes, fears, expectations, and our bias, which might make observations unreliable. People vary in their powers of observation, and the reliability of our observations is no better than the reliability of our memories, which as we know can be deceptive. Information printed in papers sometimes is unreliable either, it may be misprinted, or even deliberately distorted. For example, Definitions such as Marxism, Capitalism, Zionism are totally different in the Oxford Learner's Dictionary of Current English between the original edition and the sanctioned Russian edition.In conclusion, both sources are important. Sometimes one is more important than the other in accordance with specific circumstances. For example, when we make a general survey about a certain subject, we may prefer richreferences in library. On the other hand, if we want to know more specificdetails, we had better refer to experiences such as results of carefully designedexperiments.[377Words]7. How do movies or television influence people's behavior? Use reasons andspecific examples to support your answer.The impact that modern mass media such as movies or televisions has had onour daily life, and society in general, is undeniable. No doubt it will becomeeven greater as the scope of mass media continues to grow, and as the relevanttechnologies become more and more sophisticated, and so fascinating thatvirtually nobody will be able to escape. Already, it can be seen how westernmovies are exercising influence on our youth generation:they grow long-hairregardless of their sex, commonly part of which are dyed in gold; they wear jeans in each and every season, usually knees of which are deliberatelytattered; boys are fond of earrings or other odd pendants; and girls are keenon Marlboros and weird coarse languages.The major means that mass media influence the public is by creating topics of discussion in the society. Mass media offers people (theconsumers issues to talk and think about. Titanic had brought a worldwide uproar by its extolling and of fascinatingimmortal love; Prime Color and Wag the dog met the national debate on right and duty of the president of the United States.Antiwar movies such as Tears of the Sun and All Quiet On The Western Front among numerous others have been raising the question that is any war really to uphold justice or is it really worthy that an individual makes sacrifices to his country and at the same time ignores his own family or his personal values? Mass media also shapes our understanding of what is important and what is not important (toknow. The "important" issues are to be found on the first pages of the newspaper (/inthe beginning of a television program. The "not important" stories are the ones that are not being told at all. The "not very important" stories are probably very short and hidden in the last pages. In fact censorships present all mass media including its distributing means such as the Internet. By prearranging public issue, the mass media makes decisions for us. Even though there are critical thinking individuals in any society, they are definite minority; the public in whole in deed lack skills of critical thinking, and therefore they are often led by the media.In brief, mass media, by offering topics and affecting the ways in which we discuss “theimportant issues”,has a strong influence on our perception of the truth, of the world or of the structure of our society, we have to admit that it has a role in our lives as a source of information, experiences, entertainment, amusement and relaxation.[431Words]8. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television hasdestroyed communication among friends and family. Use specific reasons andexamples to support your opinion.While television has been somewhat harmful in its effects, it has hardly"destroyed" communication among friends and family, although for somepeople, the assertion that television has destroyed communication amongfriends and family seems true.Television, invented in last century, with its wide availability, increasinglyprosperous programs, becomes one of the most powerful means ofcommunication in the history, and is more and more difficult to ignore.Television is as much a part of our lives as are our meals, work, or school;studies consistently show that the average American child spends almost asmuch time watching television as does she in school. We all have only 24hours a day and it is clear that the more time one spends on watchingtelevision, the less time one does with his or her family and friends. Hence we see the passage in the newspaper or magazine titled "Television took myhusband away from me."Tempting as such claim might be, it is hardly true. It is not television took herhusband away from her, but the increasing pressures of modern life did it. Wehave no definite evidence to say people nowadays endure more pressures thandid their counterparts in the past, but it is absolutely true that peoplenowadays undergo great pressures that come from various directions,including work, school, economy, and so forth. Investigations show thatpeople who earn more than 50, 000yuan annually spend at least 60hours onwork per week, much more than those who earn 20,000yuan annually. Todaya bachelor degree may no longer guarantee a well paid job, more and morecompanies post their want ads claiming that applicants must have at leastmaster degrees, which take two or three years longer. In a word, people nowadays have very little time for anything; television ismerely among many other factors that affect communication, and is definitelynot the main cause of degradation. It seems that the more one is educated, themore one is aware of the deleterious effects that excessive television causes,and either deliberately avoid it or actually do not enjoy it. On the other hand,there really are many people addictive to television. But the fact is, weretelevision not existent, surely these people would have found other escapes,such as alcohol or gambling, for example. In other words, people always find away to do what they want to do. Therefore, I do not agree that television hasdestroyed communication among friends and family.[419words]9. Some people prefer to live in a small town. Others prefer to live in a big city.Which place would you prefer to live in? Use specific reasons and details tosupport your answer.People seldom agree with each other even in such trivial issues as preferencebetween a big city and a small town. It’sa little bit haste to say that it is betterto live in a big city than to live in a small town, or vice versus.Living in a big city has several benefits. First, there’remore job opportunitiesreadily available in big cities than in a small town. Furthermore, not merelythere are more job positions in big cities, the qualities of the position are muchhigher as well. In addition, the pay is more decent. Second, children aresupposed to be able to receive an education with a higher quality comparedwith their counterparts who live in a s mall town. For families, children’seducation is always put in the first place. Finally, living in a big city has asuperior overall living standard to that in a small town. There are morecommodities and services in city markets; there are more public utilitiesavailable in big cities; there are even much more television channels in bigcities.However, living in a small town also has some advantages. People who live ina small town often have a much comfortable life style. Most of them areimmune from suffering of high working stress. Although the average pay is much less than that of big cities, the price of daily necessities, such asvegetables or meat, is usually more inexpensive. Instead of sufferingloneliness which is prevalent in big cities, children might grow up more healthily because of harmonious relationship among residents in small town. People in a small town do not have to get up so early in the morning because there has been no traffic jam, and no body drive so fast in a small town as to cause accidents. They might have fewer channels in television, but they have more friends readily available to chat or entertain with.According to my current situation, although I am longing for the cozy atmosphere and relationship among neighbors and friends which almost only exist in big cities, I have chosen to live in one of the biggest cities in my country ---Beijing, since I have found a pretty good job here, and a decent pay.I think I would prefer living a small town when I get retired one day.[392Words]17. Some people think that they can learn better by themselves than with a teacher. Others think that it is always better to have a teacher. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons to develop your essay.Whether we need a teacher or not depends on circumstances. The relationship between a teacher and a new subject is somewhat similar to that between a tour guide and an unknown city.When we come to an unknown city for the first time, we definitely need a tourguide. We might have a detailed map, but it is unlikely functional –it isn'tsurprised that we can hardly interpret those mysterious symbols. Likewise,when we are beginners, it is wise to learn with teachers. They can tell us whereto begin with, what we should do, and which reference we should choose.When we confront difficulties, we can ask them for help, and their advices willalways be tremendously helpful. With teachers' assistance, we might learneasier, faster, and more interestingly.After a period of time, we have learned a lot. We now know the city pretty well,even though there still are many places we haven't been. It doesn't matter.提供：Now that we are able to recognize those mysterious symbols on the map, whatwe need perhaps is not a tour guide but a more detailed map. Similarly, weneed richer references for learning. Yes, there are still many fields unexplored;they are, nevertheless, no longer puzzling. The task is simple:we will explorethem one by one, little by little. If we are working on a certain skill, practicemore; if we are preparing a test, practice more; whatever we are learning, justremember, like people always say, practice makes perfect. After another period of time, we might have become others' tour guide, but westill want to know more. We want to know which restaurant is the most decent,which bookstore is the most professional, which coffee shop is the mostclassical. Even the most comprehensive map doesn't have adequateinformation. We again need experts. In learning, it's much the same. We needexperts to consult for specific problems. Furthermore, the most beneficialmerit of consulting experts is that we can not merely refer to them but even discuss with them in depth. As is often the case, a solution for a complexmatter is not waiting for us right there and then, sometimes it comes out ofinspirations of discussion.In short, having a good teacher is always better than having none, but theimportance of a teacher varies from period to period, from stage to stage.[400Words]21. In general, people are living longer now. Discuss the causes of thisphenomenon.Among various factors that contribute to today's longevity of people are threemost obvious ones:the improvement of food conditions, the development ofmodern medical technology, and finally current stability of economy in ourcountry. Food conditions are better than before and are still being developed with arapid pace. First of all, foods are more hygienic. People today drink untaintedmineral water, sterilized skim milk, which are cheaply supplied insupermarkets. Furthermore, foods are more nutrient. Not to mention various carefully designed nutrient products, people can just ignore the possibility of being dystrophic, in that they can keep nutrient balance by simply taking a cheap pill of vitamin compound every day.Another essential improvement that contributes to people's longevity is swiftly developing medical technology. Development of modern technology has always been amazing. Certain diseases such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, and dysentery are now easy to remedy with low expenses, but in the past, they are all probably lethal ones. The dental technology seems developed little except its exorbitantly charged bill, yet the simplest technology contributes to people's longevity most. It is not difficult to imagine that if an individual who lived in the past got a toothache, without certain dental care which is common today, he was certainly in an awful prospect:he might even die of a toothache! Current societal and economic stabilization is also a very indispensable factor. People have less pressure in a more stable society, the less pressure they suffer, the healthier they are. Today's ideal stabilization even provides people an opportunity to secure their future –buy insurances. Various types of insurances are readily available, which make people feel safe, and have to a large extent reduced people' anxieties, and therefore indirectly contributesignificantly to longevity of people.[274Words]24. A person you know is planning to move to your town or city. What do you think this person would like and dislike about living in your town or city? Why. If my friend Joey wants to move to Beijing, I think she will definitely like this greatest city in our country, even though she might find something she dislikes.The weather might be one thing that she dislikes. The weather in Beijing is characterized by dry climate and it is much windy and dusty than that of Guangzhou city. Joey is very sensitive about her skin, so she will definitely hate dusty winds in Beijing. Moreover, Beijing's winter is far too much colder than that of Guangzhou, it might take Joey, as many other people came from the South, a very long time to get accustomed to. Nevertheless, she might well enjoy winter in the North, since she has never seen snowflakes in reality. I remembered the shining of yearning and eager in her eyes when I once told her what winters in the North look like.She might be always irritated by heavy traffic in Beijing, though taxis in Beijing cost much less than in Guangzhou. When I was in Guangzhou, seldom was I trapped by traffic jams. It must be ridiculous for her to have spent morethan two hours and still didn't arrive at the destination which is merely 10-kilometer away. And the most ludicrous thing is, even if you possess a privatecar, it is more likely to be useless, for parking lots are always crowded, whichmeans more time is to be wasted. One good news for her is that the bus systemand subway system in Beijing are well developed and more convenient, and aneven more delight one is that she won't have to bear that odor of bromhidrosisowing to burning weather as she once experienced in buses of Guangzhou. What she will definitely love is the cultural ethos of the city. Beijing has ahistory probably longer than any other big city in China. To visit all historicallandscapes in Beijing, she will need at least three years, no kidding! Beijinghas the most famous and excellent universities, the largest libraries, therichest museums, yet most important of all, her best friend! Amazingly, in thisaged city, people are sometimes more international. Joey is especially fond ofart, and Beijing is the right place for her, which is much frequented forconcerts of international singers or other musicians, and she will even be ableto attend CuiJian's private concert in a coffee shop on a rainy autumnweekend.[407Words]27. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People shouldsometimes do things that they do not enjoy doing. Use specific reasons andexamples to support your answer.We live in a world in which every one wants to be successful. Nothing is wrongabout the desire to be No. 1, and there is no doubt that being successful isenjoyable. There really is something wrong, nevertheless, to think we could befinally successful by only doing things that we do enjoy doing. People often areamazed by the glorious appearance of a skyscraper, at the same time, theyshould be conscious of the fact that the skyscraper had taken a long time toconstruct, maybe much longer time to design, and possibly even severalworkers' lives during the constructing process!We may categorize things into two groups, the enjoyable and the unenjoyable;at the same time, another category can be made:the necessary and theunnecessary. The point is, things that are necessary are not always enjoyable and things that are enjoyable sometimes may be unnecessary. Doing thingsthat are necessary rather than those that are merely enjoyable is not onlyhelpful but it might also be indispensable for individual success. We all admireeven envy those who now have attained great achievements, such thosefamous stars as, Jacky Chen, Jet Li, for example. We should, however, beaware of the exorbitant prices they have paid for their present glories. JackyChen once told that when he was still a teenager, he and his partners wererequired to practice more than 12hours a day; and it was said that Jet Li wassent to be an apprentice when he was hardly four years old! Apparently, thoseseemingly cruel hardships had turned out to be the best gifts years later. Butfor yesterday's struggle, today's glories could not exist.Things that are both enjoyable and necessary or both unenjoyable andunnecessary seldom exist. We may dislike some curriculums in university,such as mathematics or history, but they are necessary; we may prefer leisuretimes to work days, but the latter are necessary. The list will go on and may bean endless one. Pursuing a successful life is nothing more than making wisedecisions, by “wise”we mean the choice of doing the necessary first.[353Words]33. You have received a gift of money. The money is enough to buy either a piece of jewelry you like or tickets to a concert you want to attend. Which would you buy?It seems not a difficult decision for me. But if I was given the gift of money in different time, I would have different answers.If I was given the money when I was in my high school, I will buy a ticket to a concert. I had been longing for attending concerts of famous artists to enjoy those transcendent pieces such as saxophone of Kenny G., rock and roll of Cuijian, and romantic songs of Luo Dayou. Unfortunately I just was not able to afford those exorbitantprices. The money I was given should be better if enough for several tickets, for that means I could take along my best friends, whose situations were much similar to mine.If I was given the money when I was in the university, I will buy a fine piece of jewelry, and give it to my girl friend as a casual present, for we might enjoy a certain concert, but hardly could it be permanently impressive. Memories are always not reliable. We tend to simply forget any thing –at least memories are somewhat distorted –if time past long enough. But if I bought my girl friend a piece of jewelry, not costly though it might be, it would be a perfect reminder, being never changed.提供：If I was given the money recently, it would only make me feel funny. I don't want to go to concerts anymore, because I became more and more reluctant topresent in crowd public places, besides I have bought a super Hi-Fi whichalways brings me identical pleasure. And I don't want to buy any jewelry, for itis meaningless for a man who is now solitary. Nevertheless, if I was forced toaccept some money as a gift –it hardly happens –I might buy some books,after all, reading always makes me relaxed and amazed.[312Words]40. The expression "Never, never give up" means to keep trying and neverstop working for your goals. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Usespecific reasons and examples to support your answer.Near in the end of the Second World War, Churchill delivered his famous andthe shortest speech:Never, Never Give Up. British as well as people in manyother countries were tremendously encouraged, and finally went through the hardest period in human history.To never give up, represents a strong and positive attitude of the life. Some people are readily to quit when they feel they cannot endure the difficulties of some work or they think they cannot find a way to finish the required task. Such people usually become upset and disappointed of failure and lose their self-confidence, although they virtually can do every thing well. In case of acquiring second language, most people failed simply because they had given up. Acquiring second language might be the easiest task among diverse academic curriculums, because one can be successful only by plain repetition, though it is pains-taking and time-consuming.Never give up. Such strong belief often gives us the second chance. The fact that we failed somewhere does not mean we are going to fail every where, and especially it does not necessarily mean that we are deprived of opportunities to win there. There probably even always is a second chance. Many successful people did fail before. Yu MinHong, the founder of New Oriental School, was able to study in Peking University only after three years' attempts. He wasn't reckoned as successful after graduation, among many signs is the fact that almost all his classmates went abroad while he was each and every timerefused by officials in visa-granting office for unexplained reasons. Yet he never gives up, which makes his later success inevitable.Psychology teaches us that we do get what we want, if we know exactly what we want and want the right thing. First of all, we must make sure that our clearly defined goals are achievable, and that our carefully designed means are practicable. A superficial claim like I wanna be a millionaire! brings nothing. And an unrealistic goal like inventing a perpetual motion machine is absolutely meaningless. But if we want to acquire a second language, it is either realistic or meaningful. By careful planning, and relevant persistencewe have no reason to fail. And numerous examples tell us that even if the methods are problematic, many still finally attain great achievements. Therefore, in most cases, 'Never, never give up' is really something that we should always bear in mind.[392words]42. What is a very important skill a person should learn in order to be successful in the world today? Choose one skill and use specific reasons and examples to support your choice.People succeed not merely because they have one or more certain skills. However, if I have to choose one skill which is supposed to be useful to success,。