2017高考英语作文写作基础—动词.doc

高考英语作文写作基础——动词一. 教学内容：英文写作基础——动词引言写作的基础是词汇。

词汇是表达思想的基本要素。

按照大纲要求，高中毕业应掌握2000左右词汇。

我们可以将这些词汇分类，找出最常用的几百个。

对于这几百个词汇，要做到四会，即听得懂，说得出，会认读，能拼写。

学习一个词汇不仅要知道它的意义，而且要知道它的词性。

英文中有名词，动词，形容词，副词，介词，冠词和连词。

动词文章是由句子组成的。

每一个句子都少不了谓语。

而担任谓语的是动词。

对于一个很活跃的动词，我们应该掌握以下几个方面：一. 准确的读音和拼写听得懂，说得出是写作的基础。

只有掌握了正确读音，才能做到这一点。

只有正确的拼写才能准确无误地传达信息。

太多的拼写错误会影响书面表达的得分。

二. 基本意义三. 常用其它意义除了基本意义之外，这些词在其它语境中还会有不同的意义，有自己的使用范畴。

因此，只掌握基本意义是不够的。

四. 常见搭配我们所说的搭配，不仅包括动词与介词﹑副词的搭配，而且包括与名词搭配的意义。

以动词make为例。

make的基本意义是“制作”，而make beds意思是“整理床铺”，make use of意思是“利用”，make money挣钱，make a fortune: “发财”，make faces“做鬼脸”等等。

五. 过去式与过去分词在书面表达中很少用到一般现在时，除非是表示规律性和反复发生的动作，当涉及时态时，就会用到动词的过去式﹑过去分词和现在分词等形式。

因此，熟练掌握一些常用不规则动词的过去式和过去分词是非常必要的。

这里，我们为同学们列出书面表达中经常使用的一些动词的形式。

为了记忆方便，将它们分成AAA，ABB，AAB，ABA和ABC五种形式。

一个字母代表一种形式。

AAA: cut, set, cost, hurt, let, put, set, shut, spread, readABB: bend – bent – bent bring – brought – broughtbuild – built – built burn – burnt – burntbuy – bought – bought catch – caught – caughtdeal – dealt – dealt feed – fed – fedfeel – felt – felt fight – fought – foughtfind – found – found get – got – gothang –hung –hung (挂) have –had –hadhear - heard – heard hide – hid – hidhold – held – held keep – kept – keptlay – laid – laid lead – led – ledleave – left – left lend – lent – lentlight – lit – lit lose – lost – lostmake – made – made mean – meant – meantmeet – met – met pay – paid – paidsay – said – said sell – sold – soldsend – sent – sent shine – shone – shoneshoot – shot –shot sit – sat – satsleep – slept – slept spend – spent – spentstand – stood – stood stick – stuck – stucksweep – swept – swept teach – taught – taughttell – told – told think – thought – thoughtunderstand – understood – understoodwin – won – wonAAB: beat – beat – beatenABA: become – became – become come – came – comerun – ran – runABC: bear – bore – born begin – began – begunbite – bit – bitten blow – blew – blownbreak – broke – broken do – did – donedraw – drew – drawn drink – drank – drunkdrive – drove – driven eat – ate – eatenfall – fell – fallen fly – flew – flownforbid – forbade – forbidden forgive – forgave – forgivengive – gave – given forget – forgot – forgottenfreeze – froze – frozen go – went – gonegrow – grew – grown know – knew – knownlie – lay – lain ride – rode – riddenring – rang – rung rise – rose – risensee – saw – seen shake – shook – shakensing – sang – sung sink – sank – sunkspeak – spoke – spoken steal – stole – stolenswear – swore – sworn swim – swam – swumtake – took – taken tear – tore – tornthrow – threw – thrown wake – woke – wokenwear – wore – worn write – wrote – written六. 及物动词与不及物动词英语动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。

这一点与中文差别较大。

表达同样的意思时，中文可以接宾语，而英文却不行，需要更换另一个及物动词，或接介词。

这种现象是很常见的。

如：arrive(vi.) / reach( vt. ): When did you reach the top of the mountain?When did you arrive at the top of the mountain?sit / seat : He is sitting in the sofa.He seated himself in the sofa. / He is seated in the sofa.lie / lay: He was lying in bed.He laid himself in bed.rise / raise: The prices keep rising.I raised my v oice but still couldn’t make myself heard.listen / hear: I asked him to listen to me carefully.Listen! Someone is knocking at the door.But I can’t hear anything.look / see: We looked at each other and smiled.Then I saw something strange.此外，常用不及物动词：come, go, run, walk, work, live, stay, sleep, travel, fight (against), think (of / about), speak (to)(speak English除外)，talk (to, with), happen, take place, break out, appear, agree (with), belong (to), insist (on), die, fail, succeed (in), knock (at), reply (to), rush, wait (for), worry (about)七. 后接宾语的形式在及物动词中，有些后面要求接不定式作宾语，有些要求接动词的–ing 形式。

要分类记忆。

v. + to do1. wish to do2. hope to do3. promise to do4. decide to do5. refuse to do6. agree to do7. expect to do 8. manage to do9. fail to do 10. prefer to do11. plan to do 12. want to do13. ought to do 14. have to do15. used to do/be used to do 16. seem to do17. would like to do 18. in order to do19. so as to do 20. set out to do21. make up one's mind to do 22. It takes sb. some time to do23. be going to do 24. be about to do25. happen to do 26. pretend to do/to have done/to be doing27. be thought/believed /said /reported to do 28. have no choice but to dov. + doing1. enjoy doing2. risk doing3. avoid doing4. keep doing5. practise doing6. suggest doing / sb.'s doing / that sb. (should) do7. miss doing 8. finish doing9. allow / permit doing 10. delay doing11. resist doing 12. consider doing13. mind doing / sb.'s doing / if sb. do14. imagine doing 15. deny doing八. 瞬时动词有些动作瞬间发生，不能延续。