公式化语法第六章Its…thatwho强调句及it的其他用法

It is to let the fresh air in that I often keep the windows wide open.
…
第二节：应该注意的问题
用It's…that/who结构对句子进行强调时应该注意一下几个问题：
1.这种结构只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态。

其他的时态很少用这种句式进行强调。

It has been four years _____ I gave up smoking.
A.that.
B. since.
分析：遇到这种高考题，我们就毫不考虑的选B. since.
2. 在强调主语时，that 后的谓语动词要与被强调者保持人称和数的一致。

如：
It is I who am a teacher.
3. 即使被强调的主语是复数，主句中的谓语动词也用单数。

换句话说：强调句中不可能出现am, are, were。

如：
It is they who often help me with my lessons.
4.强调句和it作形式主语的区别。

强调句中的It's, that/who在句中只是一种语法手段，没有任何意义，如果去掉不会对句子的意思产生影响，或不会影响句子的完整性。

但是，it作形式主语的结构如果去掉句子就不完整。

因为that引导主语从句时不能省略，而且is/was在句子中充当谓语（系动词）。

It is a good idea that we eat out.
分析：如果去掉it is 和that, We eat out said. 很明显时个不完整的句子。

5.强调时间状语的强调句和时间状语从句的区别。

时间状语从句中主句和从句都是完整的句子，it指代时间，如果把其中的it, is/was和when去掉，句子将不完整；而强调句则完整。

It was 12:00 we went home.
A. that
B. when.
分析：如果去掉it was和横线，We went home 12:00。

很明显这是个错误的句子，缺少介词at. 真确的句子因该是：
We went home at 12：00.
6.强调句和as引导的定语从句的区别。

这两种句型的区别比较简单，在定语从句一章有详细讲解，此处不再赘述。

总之，区别强调句和其他句式最有效的方法是：去掉it, is/was, that/who或横线后看句子是否完整。

如果完整肯定是强调句，不然为其他句式。

7.强调句的反义问句。

强调句的反义问句比较简单，只要将它看成it is/was…的句子就可以了。

It is…that…, isn't it?
It is not…that…, is it?
It was…that…, wasn't it?
It was not …that…, was it?
第三节：高考常见题型
1.强调句的一般形式。

虽然这是最简单的形式，但由于其在英语表达中占有很重要的位置，因此在高考中常常出现。

It was in New Zealand ___ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith.
(2008 全国II 20)
A. that
B. how
C. which
D. when
分析：去掉it was 和横线：Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith in New Zealand.
句子完整。

所以A. that。

2.强调句的一般疑问句。

强调句虽然简单，但是换成一般疑问句后学生往往无从下手。

)
上海卷Was __________ that I saw last night at the concert? (1997．
A. it you
B. not you
C. you
D. that yourself
分析：方法还是一样：去掉句中的it, was, that再看句子是否完整。

如果完整，就是强调句。

不完整在从其他的角度分析。

I saw you last night
at the center. 非常完整。

所以A. it you 。

3.强调句的特殊问句。

可以说这是近年高考最受青睐的题型。

它的特点是使用广泛、灵活多变、但有一定的难度，对于高考这类选拔型考试特别适合。

它可以以单独的形式出现，也可以与其他的从句形式相配合。

下面我们就来看看这种结构。

（2）单独的特殊疑问句。

格式：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/
who + 其它部分？
如：When was it that you were born?
Why! I have nothing to confess. __________you want me to say? (2004上海卷)
A. What is it that
B. What it is that
C. How is it that
D. How it is that
分析：这是典型的强调句特殊疑问句。

根据句意A. What is it that 。

（2）充当名词性从句的强调句特殊问句。

由于这种句型在句子中做了名词性从句，那么话句话说就是陈述语序的特殊问句。

格式：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ it is/ was + + that/
who + 其它部分。

When asked to explain ______ made his lessons so exciting, the teacher
kept silent.
A. what it is that
B. that what it is
C. what is it that
D. that what is it。

A. what it is that分析：这道题是强调句用作宾语从句。

根据题意
4.It is/was not A but B that…
这是带有选择性的强调句。

当然也可以出现其他的连词，如rather
than….有时也可以出现几种变形形式：
a.It's A that…not B.
b.It's not A but B that…
c.It's A rather than B that …
d.It's A that…rather than B.
It is not who is right but what is right ______ is of importance.
[2007 重庆卷]
A. which
B. it
C. that
D. this
分析：典型的选择式强调句。

所以C. that。

5.not…until的强调。

可以说这是高考中出现频率最高的强调句类型。

这种强调句比较特殊，在强调not …until 结构中由until 短语（或从句）表示的时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：It is(was) not until ...that... 注意此时原句的not…until要变成not until ，that 从句中的谓语动词要用肯定式。

如：
a. My father didn't come home until 12 o'clock last night.
b. It was not until 12 o'clock last night that my father came home.
c. I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark
glasses.
d. It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a
famous film star.
It _____ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks ____ I found we
had a lot in common. [2007 浙江卷]
A. was until; when
B. was until; that
C. wasn't until; when
D. wasn't until; that
D. wasn't until; that。

分析：标准句型，所以
的其他用法it第四节：
1. it可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。

（1）人称代词it，是第三人称单数中性，代表前文已提到过的一件事物。

如：
a. That vase is valuable. It's more than 200 years old.
b. I love swimming. It keeps me fit.
当说话者不清楚或无必要知道说话对象的性别时，也可用it来表示。

c. It's a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl?
it可用来指代团体。

如：
d. The committee has met and it has rejected the proposal.
it用以代替指示代词this, that.如：
e. --- What's this? --- It's a pen.
(2) 指示代词it，常用以指人。

如：
a. Go and see who it is.
b. --- Who is making such a noise?
--- It must be the children.
(3) 虚义it无指代性，常用作没有具体意义的主语，出现于表示天气、气候、温度、时间、地点、距离等意义的句子中。

如：
a. It is half past three now.
b. It is six miles to the nearest hospital from here.
c. It was very cold; it snowed and grew dark.
(4)it也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况。

如：
a. It's awful—I've got so much work I don't know where to start. 糟透了——我有这么多工作要做我不知从何开始。

b. How is it going with you? 你近况如何？
c. Take it easy. 不要紧张。

d. I like it her
e. 我喜欢这个地方。

e. It looks as if the college is very small.
f. It seems as though our plan will be perfect.
g. It's my turn. 该轮到我了。

(5) it也常用于某些习惯用语中作宾语，各该习惯用语有具体意义，但it并无具体意义。

如：cab it 乘车
catch it 受责，受罚
come it 尽自己分内
come it strong 做得过分
walk it 步行
make it 办成
take it out of somebody 拿某人出气
have it in sb. 某人有能力。

2. it用作形式主语。

it充当形式主语，只起一种先行引导的作用，为了让句子平衡，真正主语或真正宾语通常是不定式结构、V-ing分词结构或名词性从句。

a. It is difficult to translate this article.
b. It is getting harder every day for a lazy man to get a living.
c. What time would it be most convenient for me to call again? 什么时候我再给你打电话最合适？
d. It is no use going there so early.
e. It has been a great honor your coming to visit me.
f. It is strange that he did not come at all.
g. It doesn't matter what you do.
h. It seems that John is not coming after all.
i. It happened that John was the only witness.
3. it用作形式宾语.
It作形式宾语时，通常和下列动词连用：consider, think, make, find, believe, count, declare, deem, fancy, feel, guess, imagine, judge, prove, see, show, suppose, understand, take等。

名词从句。

当然有时可以/V-ing/不定式V+it+adj/n+它的一般结构为：
插入其他的成分，如逻辑主语、间接宾语等等。

a. I found it difficult to explain to him what happened. 我觉得向他解释清发生了什么事很困难。

b. He thought it no use going over the subject again. 他认为再讨论这个问题没有用了。

c. They kept it quiet that he was dea
d. 他们对他的死保密。

d. We must make it clear to the public that something should be done to
stop pollution. 我们必须使公众明白应该采取措施制止污染。

4. 一种特殊的it用法, (would)appreciate/hate/like/prefer/help…+ it
+when/if从句。

我们先看看下面的句子：
a.I would appreciate it if you paid in cash.
b.I hate it when people cry.
c.I like it when you do that.
d.I would prefer it if you didn't tell anyon
e.
e.I couldn't help it if the bus was late.
说它特殊，也不是很特殊。

对于上面句子中的it有人认为是一种特殊的形式宾语，既然是形式
宾语那么真正的宾语在哪里？本人觉得有点欠妥。

笔者认为it指代句中提到的一种情况。

分析：
a.如果付现金我非常感激。

it在这里指代付现金后出现的情况。

b.我讨厌人哭。

it在这里指代人哭泣是的情形。

c.我就喜欢你那样做。

it指代干那件事时的情形。

d.我希望你不要告诉任何人。

it指代不告诉别人后的情形。

e.公共汽车晚点了，我也没办法。

it指代汽车晚点。

注意：这种结构中有时会出现虚拟，至于何时虚拟，要看说话人要表达的意思。

说具体一点，如果出现would就要用虚拟。

第五节：实战演练．
1. It wasn't until nearly a month later _____ I received the manager's reply.
(2005/全国I/30)
A. since
B. when
C. as
D. that
2. The chairman thought _____ necessary to invite Professor Smith to
speak at the meeting. (2005/全国I/35)
A. that
B. it
C. this
D. him
3. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but
_____ didn't help. (2005/全国III/13)
A. it
B. she
C. which
D. he
4. It is what you do rather than what you say ______ matters.
(2005/天津/9)
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. this
5. ____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the
password of your e-mail account. (2005/上海/38)
A. What is required
B. What requires
C. It is required
D. It requires
6. —_____ that he managed to get the information?
—Oh, a friend of his helped him. (2005/山东/31)
A. Where was it
B. What was it
C. How was it
D. Why was it
7. I like ______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
(2004/ 全国/I/27)
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. one
8. —Do you like ______ here?
—Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.
(2004/全国/II/32)
A. this
B. these
C. that
D. it
will
ides stwo the that hope our “______ said, Minister Foreign The . 9．
work towards peace.”(2004/北京/24)
A. This is
B. There is
C. That is
D. It is
10. Why! I have nothing to confess. ______ you want me to say? (2004/上海/43)
A. What is it that
B. What it is that
C. How is it that
D. How it is that
11. It was with great joy _____ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. (2004/福建/35)
A. because
B. which
C. since
D. that
12. It was ______ back home after the experiment. (2004/湖北/24)
A. not until midnight did he go
B. until midnight that he didn't go
C. not until midnight that he went
D. until midnight when he didn't go
13. The Parkers bought a new house but ____ will need a lot of work before they can move in. (NMET/2001/25)
A. they
B. it
C. one
D. which
14. In fact ______ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match. (NMET/Shanghai/2001/33)
A. this
B. that
C. there
D. it
15. It was for this reason ______ her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village. (NMET/Shanghai/2001/spr/32)
A. which
B. why
C. that
D. how
16. —He was nearly drowned once. When was ______?
—______ was in 1998 when he was in middle school.
(NMET/Beijing-Neimeng-Anhui/2002/spr/30)
A. that; It
B. this; This
C. this; It
D. that; This
17. It was because of bad weather _____ the football match had to be put off. (NMET/Shanghai/2003/spr./30)
A. so
B. so that
C. why
D. that
18. It is these poisonous products ______ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. (NMET/Shanghai/2003/36)
A. who
B. that
C. how
D. what
19. It was only with the help of the local guide _______.
(NMET/Shanghai/2004/spr./37)
A. was the mountain climber rescued
B. that the mountain climber was rescued
C. when the mountain climber was rescued
D. then the mountain climber was rescued
20. There is a photo on the wall. ______ the photo of Lei Feng.
(1980/三/8)
A. It
B. Its
C. It's
D. He is.
21. Does ______ matter if he can't finish the job on time? (MET/1991/14)
A. this
B. that
C. he
D. it
22. Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ______ didn't help. (MET/1993/27)
A. he
B. which
C. she
D. it
23. Is ______ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? (MET/1988/28)
A. now
B. man
C. that
D. it
24. Is ______ necessary to complete the design before National Day?
(MET/1989/29)
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. he
25. It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turning grey.
(MET/1992/35)
A. while
B. that
C. if
D. for
26. I don't think ______ possible to master a foreign language without
much memory work. (MET/1990/21)
D. it C. its B. that A. this
27. ______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. (NMET/1995/37)
A. There
B. This
C. That
D. It
28. It was not ______ she took off her dark glasses _____ I realized she
was a famous film star. (MET/1992/30)
A. when; that
B. until; that
C. until; when
D. when; than
29. It was at the gate ______ he told me the news. (1980/三/20)
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. when
30. It was not until 1920 _______ regular radio broadcasts began.
(NMET/1995/33)
A. while
B. which
C. that
D. since
31. Was it during the Second World War ______ he died? (MET/1988/32)
A. that
B. while
C. in while
D. then
32. It was in the bookstore ______ I met your brother the other day.
(NMET/上海/1990/32)
A. where
B. that
C. in which
D. in that
33. Was ______ that I saw last night at the concert?
(NMET/上海/1995/13)
A. it you
B. not you
C. you
D. that yourself
34. It was about 600 years ago ______ the clock with a face and an hour
hand was made. (NMET/1997/25)
A. that
B. until
C. before
D. when
35. —Wasn't it Dr Wang who spoke to you just now?
—______. (NMET/上海/1996/28)
A. I didn't know he was
B. Yes, it was
C. No, he wasn't
D. Yes, he did
36. I hate ______ when people talk with their mouths full.
(NMET/1998/8)
D. them C. these B. that A. it
37. It was only when I reread his poems recently _____ I began to
appreciate their beauty. (NMET/1998/22)
A. until
B. that
C. then
D. so
38. ____ was in 1979 _____ I graduated from the University.
(NMET/上海/1998/4)
A. That...that
B. It...that
C. That...when
D. It...when
39. Don't _____ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be more successful. (NMET/上海/1998/23)
A. take as granted
B. take this for granted
C. take that for granted
D. take it for granted
40. It was _____ he said _____ disappointed me. (NMET/上海/1999/5)
A. what...that
B. that...that
C. what...what
D. that...what
41. It was not until she got home ____ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. (2006/全国II/9)
A. when
B. that
C. where
D. before
42. It was after he got what he had desired ____ he realized it was not so important. (2006/辽宁/35)
A. that
B. when
C. since
D. as
43. I just wonder ____ that makes him so excited. (2006/山东/32)
A. why it does
B. what he does
C. how it is
D. what it is
44. ____ is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. (2006/浙江/4)
A. As
B. That
C. This
D. It
45. As the busiest woman in Norton, she made ____ her duty to look after
all the other people's affairs in that town. (2006/湖南/26)
A. this
B. that
C. one
D. it
46. If I can help _____, I don't like working late into the night.
(2006/全国I/26)
D. them C. it B. that A. so
47. Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting, addressed
___ to ____ and then posted it at the nearby post office. (2006/安徽/34)
A. it; her
B. it; herself
C. herself; her
D. herself; herself
48. I'd appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (2006/山东/24)
A. that
B. it
C. this
D. you
49. It was along the Mississippi River _______ Mark Twain spent much
of his childhood. （2008天津卷）
A. how
B. which
C. that
D. where
50. It was not until midnight __ they reached the camp site. （2008重庆卷）
A .that B. when C. while D. as
答案与分析：
1. not…until 强调句，所以D. that
2. it作形式宾语，所以B. it。

3. it指代上文take a holiday, 所以A. it。

4. 带有选择性的强调句，所以A. that。

5. it作形式主语，所以C. It is required。

6. 强调句的特殊问句，根据句意C. How was it。

7. I like/appreciate/prefer it +疑问词，所以C. it。

8. it指代这里的情况。

所以D. it。

9. it作形式主语，所以D. It is。

10. 强调句的特殊问句，根据句意A. What is it that。

11. 强调句，所以D. that。

12. not…until强调句，所以C. not until midnight that he went 。

13. it指代上文a new house, 所以B. it。

14. it作形式主语，所以D. it。

15. 强调句，所以 C. that。

A. that; It.
指代上文提到的事情，第二个为强调句，所以16. that
17. 强调句，所以D. that。

18. 强调句，所以B. that。

19. 强调句，所以B. that the mountain climber was rescued。

20. it指代上文a photo, 所以C. It's。

21. it作形式主语，所以D. it 。

22. it指代上文Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work
harder，所以D. it。

23. it作形式主语，所以C. it。

24. it作形式主语，所以C. it 。

25. it作形式主语，所以B. that。

26. 形式宾语，所以 D. it。

27. 形式主语，所以 D. It。

28. not…until 强调句，所以B. until; that。

29. 强调句，所以A. that。

30. not…until 强调句，所以C. that。

31. 强调句，所以A. that。

32. 强调句，所以 B. that。

33. 强调句一般问句，所以A. it you。

34. 强调句，所以A. that。

35. 强调句的反义问句，所以 B. Yes, it was。

36. it的特殊指代，所以A. it。

37. 强调句，所以B. that。

38. 强调句，所以B. It...that .
39. 形式宾语，所以D. take it for granted。

40. 强调句，强调主语从句，所以A. what...that。

41. not…until 强调句，所以B. that。

42. 强调句，所以A. that。

43. 强调句作宾语从句，所以D. what it is。

D. It 形式主语，所以44.
45. 形式宾语，所以D. it。

46. it指代工作到深夜这件事，如果我能避免工作到深夜，我也不愿意工作到深夜（直译）。

我讨厌工作到深夜，可又有什么办法呢！（意译）。

所以 D. it。

类似的句子还有：It can't be helped, I can't help it…(如果有办法，我也没办法)。

47. it指代那封信，address it to herself, 写上自己的地址邮回去，所以B. it; herself。

48. it的特殊指代，所以B. it。

49. 强调句，所以C. that。

50. not…until 强调句，所以A .that。

第六章：温馨提示、
it用法难度不是很大，高考中重点就是强调句和it的特殊指代。

去掉it is/was, that/who/横线部分后如果句子完整，就是强调句。

对于it的特殊指代我们最好将它作为一种特例来理解，没必要追求其中的道理。