Cap03-Solutions-Mechanics-of-Materials-Hibbeler-5th

当表面活性剂遇到大环分子

114Univ. Chem. 2023, 38 (12), 114–119收稿：2023-06-27；录用：2023-08-01；网络发表：2023-08-11*通讯作者，Email:*****************.cn基金资助：2021年基础学科拔尖学生培养计划2.0研究课题(20211014)；天津市首批虚拟教研室试点建设项目(化学类交叉人才培养课程建设虚拟教研室)•专题• doi: 10.3866/PKU.DXHX202306051 当表面活性剂遇到大环分子阮文娟，李悦，耿文超，郭东升*南开大学化学学院，天津 300071摘要：近年来，表面和胶体化学与大环化学的结合引起了科学家的普遍关注。

将多样的大环结构引入表面活性剂分子，不仅极大地丰富了表面活性剂分子的种类，还可以赋予其大环的主客体识别功能。

由此所开发出的大环两亲和超两亲分子已在生物成像和药物递送中表现出很高的应用潜力。

从传统表面活性剂到大环两亲和超两亲分子的发展、应用表明，不同领域的交叉融合对科学研究的发展是非常重要的。

关键词：表面活性剂；胶束；大环结构；大环两亲分子；超两亲分子中图分类号：G64；O6Encountering of Surfactants with Macrocyclic MoleculesWen-Juan Ruan, Yue Li, Wen-Chao Geng, Dong-Sheng Guo *College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.Abstract: In recent years, the combination of surface and colloid chemistry with macrocyclic chemistry has garnered widespread attention among scientists. The integration of diverse macrocyclic structures into surfactant molecules not only greatly enriches the diversity of surfactants, but also imparts them with the host-guest recognition functionality of macrocycles. Macrocyclic amphiphiles and supra-amphiphiles, developed from this approach, have demonstrated high potential in applications such as bioimaging and drug delivery. The evolution from traditional surfactants to macrocyclic amphiphiles and supra-amphiphiles underscores the importance of interdisciplinary integration in advancing scientific research.Key Words: Surfactants; Micelles; Macrocycles; Macrocyclic amphiphiles; Supra-amphiphiles表面活性剂及其所构筑的胶束是表面和胶体化学中所涉及的一类非常重要的体系。

TheoreticalAndAppliedFractureMechanics,1992…

Theoretical And Applied Fracture Mechanics, 1992-1993 Bound Issues By G. C. SihIf you are searched for the ebook Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 1992-1993 Bound Issues in pdf format, then you have come on tofaithful site. We presented complete variation of this ebook in doc, PDF, ePub, txt, DjVu forms. You may readTheoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 1992-1993 Bound Issues online theoretical-and-applied-fracture-mechanics-1992-1993-bound-issues.pdf either load. Withal, on oursite you may reading guides and other artistic eBooks online, or downloading their. We will invite attention thatour website not store the eBook itself, but we give reference to website where you can load either reading online.If you have must to downloading pdf Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 1992-1993 Bound Issues, then you have come on to correctsite. We have Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 1992-1993 Bound Issues DjVu, doc, PDF, txt, ePub forms. We will be pleased if youreturn anew.theor appl fract mech - theoretical and applied - Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics,THEOR APPL FRACT MECH,Electrical & Electronic Engineering,Nuclear Engineering,Ocean Engineeringeffects of fractal crack - sciencedirect - which considers the effects of fractal H. Xie /Theoretical and Applied Xie / Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics Crack Problems, ed. G.C. Sihthe carter n. paden, jr. distinguished chair in - 1995 | 1994 | 1993 | 1992 Special Issue of the Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, Mechanics Problems, eds. G.C. Sih andtheoretical and applied fracture mechanics - Find out more about the editorial board for Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics.publications. books. research papers.genady - Proceedings of the Conference on Fracture Mechanics and Technology, (G. Sih, Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, problems of fracture mechanics.on the finite element analysis of inverse problems - Inverse problems in fracture mechanics 481 G. (1993), Propagation and fracture energy of interface Sih, G.C. (1974),zheng* the state key laboratory for mechanical - in Progress in Fracture Mechanics, G.C. Sih and Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 18 (1993) Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 17 (1992)verification of brittle fracture criteria for - Computational Methods in Fracture Mechanics, Acta Mechanica et Automatica, Sih G.C. (1965), Plane Problems of Cracks in Dissimilar Media.: g. c. sih: books, biogs, audiobooks, - Visit 's G. C. Sih Page and shop for all G. C. Sih books. Check out pictures, bibliography, biography and community discussions about G. C. Sihjournal " mechanics of solids" - archive of issues - "Fracture mechanics applied to glass fibre/epoxy matrix interface characterization No. 3, pp. 423-459, 1992. 233. G. C. Papanicolaou and D G. C. Sihtheoretical and applied fracture mechanics | vol - Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics Volume 75, Pages 1-160 (February 2015)citeulike: theoretical and applied fracture - Articles from the last few issues of Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics Elsevier. Search Export Show Details Hide Detailstheoretical and applied fracture mechanics - Theoretical and applied fracture mechanics. Home. WorldCat Home About WorldCat Help Feedback. Search. Search for Library Items Search for Lists Search formathematical research in materials science: - Fluid Mech. 22:13 34. Denn, M. M. 1992. Pp. 45 49 in Theoretical and Applied of Fracture Mechanics in Modern Technology. G. C problems in materialsrigid-plastic and damage behavior in metal - Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 18 G.C. Sih, Mechanics of Fracture Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 18 (1) 31-45 (1992). [21] G.C. Sihfinite element analysis of sheet forming processes - H. D. (1990), Finite element analysis of sheet forming Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 1993, Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics,theoretical and applied fracture mechanics | - Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics: Aims & Scopes. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics' aims & scopes have been re-designed to cover both the theoretical and applied fracture mechanics, 1992- - Not 0.0/5. Retrouvez Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 1992-1993 Bound Issues et des millions de livres en stock sur Amazon.fr. Achetez neuf ou d'occasionjournal of applied mathematics - J. R. Rice and G. C. Sih, Plane problems of cracks in dissimilar media, Journal of Applied Mechanics I and mode II, Engineering Fracture Mechanics,publications | multi-scale mechanics of materials - The Multi-Scale Mechanics of Materials Group focuses on the following: Publications; You are here. Home , ,influence of material ductility and crack surface - Gol'dshtein R V and Mosolov A B 1992 J Paris P C and Sih G C 1965 Fracture Sih G C 1964 Proc. 2nd Conf. on Theoretical and Applied Mechanicsjames d. lee - faculty in the department of civil - with application to crack growth problems , Theoretical and Applied Fracture Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, by G. C. Sih),journal of theoretical and applied mechanics - Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics. Evaluation of fracture parameters for crack problems in fgm by a meshless method Sih G.C., Paris P.C.,m. konsta personal website! - - China, June 13-16, 2000, edited by G.C. Sih, the Solution of Fracture Mechanics Problems Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanicselectroelastic fracture mechanics of piezoelectric - This paper develops a theoretical electroelastic fracture mechanics For applied stress, fracture mechanics J.R. 1992. Fracture Mechanics fortheoretical and applied fracture mechanics - Genre/Form: Periodicals P riodiques: Additional Physical Format: Online version: Theoretical and applied fracture mechanics (Online) (DLC) 2006233281the effect of matrix microcracks on the - Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 25: 771-778 . (1993). An Analytical Model Asymptotic Approximations to Crack Problems. In: Sih, C.G. (ed.), Mechanics ofrecent developments of fracture mechanics in - G.C. Sih and E.E. Gdoutos (eds), Mechanics and Physics of Energy Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 17 Recent developments of fracture mechanics in Greece experimental and theoretical fracture mechanics - Experimental and theoretical fracture mechanics applied to fracture only provides lower bound fracture of Crack Problems, edited by G. C. Sih,energy density theory formulation and - The factor S can increase or decrease depending on the direction of the applied theory formulation and interpretation of Mechanics of Fracture, vols - Sihtheoretical and applied fracture mechanics - Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics. The Mechanics and Physics of Fracture part encourages publication of original research on Material damage leading to: g. c. sih: books, biography, blog, - Visit 's G. C. Sih Page and shop for all G. C. Sih books and other G. C. Sih related products (DVD, CDs, Apparel). Check out pictures, bibliography,theor appl fract mech means theoretical and - Theor Appl Fract Mech is the abbreviation for Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanicsa micromechanical analysis of the fracture - fracture problems are common and important, Fracture Mechanics: Fundamentals and M., Chen, C. A micromechanical analysis of the fracture properties oftaylor & francis online :: effect of residual - A. N. 1992. Nonclassical Problems of Fracture Mechanics, Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 48: M. K. and Sih, G. C. 1975. Mechanics of Fracture.computational methods for fracture in brittle and - Analysis of three-dimensional fracture mechanics problems: , Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, G. C. Sih, Strain-energytheoretical and applied fracture mechanics - - The online version of Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics at ScienceDirect Finite fracture mechanics is applied to predicting the reduction in foam| | | - Theoretical & Applied Fracture Mechanics Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, Vol. 19, 1993, G.C. Sih, Th.B. Kermanidis andtheoretical and applied fracture mechanics, 1987 - Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 1987 Bound Issues [G. C. Sih] on . *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers.journal of theoretical and applied mechanics - - Topical problems of composite fracture mechanics are formulated. Sih, G. C., P. C. Paris, G. 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以多聚甲醛为还原剂制备新型阳极Pt／CMK-3催化剂

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电磁阀相关英文术语

电磁阀相关英文术语一、零部件术语Axes Guide 轴套Ball 球、球芯Ball seat 密封圈Blowdown Sealing Face 启、阀件密封面Body 阀体Bonnet 阀盖Disc 阀瓣Mut 螺母Screw 螺栓Sealing 密封件Spring 弹簧Stem 阀杆Stem Mut 阀杆螺母Stem seal 填料Wedge Disc 闸板二、性能术语Applicable media 适用介质Applicable tempure 适用温度Butt Clamp 对夹Chemical anaiysis 化学成份Connecting format 连接形式Double disc 双闸板Flexible disc 弹性闸板Flange 法兰Hoop 卡箍Inside theread 内螺纹Material chemical analysis and mechanical capacity 材料化学成份和机械性能materials 材料Materials for main parts 主要零件材料Mechanical capacity 机械性能Max. Discharging Capacity 最大排水量Max. Operating Temperature 最高工作温度Max. Allowable Temperature 最高允许温度Max. Allowable Pressure 最高允许压力Model 型号Name of parts 零件名称Nominal Pressure 公称压力Outside theread 外螺纹Oxidant 氧化性介质Parallet 平行Reductant 还原性介质Rising stem 明杆Seat testing pressure 压力气密封试验压力Socket 卡套Specifications 性能规范Single disc 单闸板Solid 刚性Strengh testing pressure 强度试验压力Steam , condensate 蒸汽 , 凝结水Water,oil,steam 水 , 温度 , 气Wedge 楔式Welding 焊接三、材料术语Buna-N rubber 丁晴橡胶Casting aluminium brass 铸铝黄铜Casting aluminium bronze 铸铝青铜CHR rubber 氯晴橡胶Chrominm-molybdenum-vanadium steel 铬钼钒钢Chromium stainless steel 铬不锈钢Chromium-molybdenum steel 铬钼钢Corrugation pad 波形垫Cuprum alloy 铜合金Ductile Cast iron 球墨铸铁Expanded graphite 柔性石墨Fine Steel Casting iron 优质碳素钢Fluorous rubber 氟橡胶Gray Cast iron 灰铸铁Hayne's alloy 钴铬钨合金High tem perature steel 高温钢Low tem perature steel 低温钢Nylon 尼龙塑料Polytetrafluoroethylene 聚四氟乙烯Pure aluminum 纯铝Pure cupper 纯铜Rubbeer graphite board 橡胶石墨板Spring steel 弹簧钢Stainless acid-resisting steel 不锈耐酸钢Stainless and Graphite 不锈钢 / 石墨Stainless steel 不锈钢Steel Casting iron 碳素钢铸件Shell Test Pressure 壳体试验压力Service Fluid 工作介质四、阀门术语Angle Stop Valves 角式截止阀Angle Throttle Valves 角式节流阀Angle Type Globe Valves 角式截止阀Butterfly Type Non-slam Check 蝶式缓冲止回阀Butterfly Valves with Gear Actuator 蜗轮传动蝶阀Cock 二通CQ Thread Ball Valves CQ 螺纹球阀Diaphragm Valves 隔膜阀Double Disc Flat Gate Valves 双闸板平板闸阀Double Disk Parallel Gate Valves 明杆平行式双闸板闸板Double Opening Exhaust Valves 双口排气球Electric Actuated Stop Valves 电动截止阀Electric Actuated Wedge Gate Valves 电动楔式闸阀Electric Double Disk Parallel Gate Valves 电动平行式双闸板闸板Emergeny Cut-off Valves 紧急切断阀Free Float Type Steam Trap 浮球式疏水阀Flange Ball Valves 法兰球阀Flange Gate Valves 法兰闸阀Flange Globe Valves 法兰截止阀Gauge Valves 仪表阀Hard Seal Butterfly Valves 金属密封碟阀High Temperature Pressure Power Station Gate Valves 高温高压电站闸阀High Temperature Pressure Power Station Globe Valves 高温高压电站截止阀Lift Check Valves 升降式止回阀Lift Check Valves 升降式止回阀Lining Ball Valves 衬里球阀Lining Butterfly Valves 衬里碟阀Lining Check Valves 衬里止回阀Lining Cock 衬里二通Lining Globe Valves 衬里截止阀Lining T-Cock Valves 衬里三通旋塞阀Liquid Indicator 液位计LPG Pipe Fitting 液化气管件Magnetic Co-operate Globe Valves 磁耦合截止阀Magnetism Forle Pumps 磁力泵Manual Oil Pumps Valves 手摇油泵 ( 阀 )Meter Needle Type Globe Valves 仪表针形截止阀Oblique Stop Valves 直流式截止阀Parallesl Slide Valves 浆液阀Piping Centrifugal Pumps 管道离心泵Piping Pumps 管道泵Piping Safety Valves 管道安全阀Plunger Globe Valves 柱塞截止阀Quick Draining Valves 快速排污阀Restrictor Valves 过流阀 ( 或节流阀 )Safety Valves 安全阀Screw Pumps 螺杆泵Scum Gate Valves 排渣闸阀Single Disc Flat Gate Valves 单闸板平板闸阀Single Opening Exhaust Valves 单口排气球Slurry Pumps 泥浆泵Stop Valves 截止阀Strainer 过滤器Submerged Motor Pumps 潜水电泵 ( 排污泵 )Swing Check Valves 旋启式止回阀Swing Check Valves 旋启式止回阀Tank Lorry Ball Valves 槽车球阀T-Cock 三通Thin Gate Valves 薄型闸阀Throttle Valves 节流阀Tiny Drag Slow Shut Check Valves 微阻缓闭止回阀Under Water Pumps 液下泵Vacuum Pumps 水力喷射器 ( 真空泵 )Vertical Lift Check Valves 立式止回阀Wafer Check Valves 对夹式止回阀Wafer Type Butterfly Valves with Rubber Itning 对夹式衬胶蝶阀Waste Valves 排污箱 ( 阀 )Water Seal Gate Valves 水封闸阀Wedge Gate Valves 楔式闸阀Y Type and Cylinder Filters Y 型筒型过滤器。

V2O3-碳壳-石墨烯复合材料制备和超级电容器性能

ArticleV2O3-碳壳-石墨烯复合材料制备和超级电容器性能摘要本文利用氧化石墨烯（GO）作为前驱体，通过水热法合成了V2O3-碳壳-石墨烯复合材料（VGC）。

通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射，透射电子显微镜，拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱对其进行表征，证实了复合材料的成功制备。

采用循环伏安、交流阻抗和恒流充放电的测试方法，对复合材料电极进行了电化学测试，比电量达到55F/g。

随着能源的日趋紧张，现代社会对绿色能源的需求越来越迫切。

石墨烯是一种由单层碳原子组成的新型碳材料[1]，具有独特的纳米结构及优异的机械性能。

将石墨烯与无机纳米颗粒[2]、有机晶体[3]、聚合物[4]、金属有机配合物[5]、生物材料[6]等复合，这些复合材料被广泛应用于锂离子电池[7]、超级电容器[8]、燃料电池[9]、光催化[10]、生物传感器[11]等方面。

1 实验部分1.1主要仪器与试剂恒温磁力搅拌器791-1；电子天平JA3003；超声波清洗器KQ5200E；管式炉；电池充放电仪LAND T2001A；电热恒温干燥箱DHG-9076A；离心机TG16-WS；X射线衍射仪X’ Pert PRO；傅里叶变换红外光谱仪IFS 66/S；电化学工作站CHI660C；拉曼光谱仪RM-1000；X射线光电子能谱HI-5300；透射电子显微镜JEM-2100石墨粉；偏钒酸铵；无水乙醇；双氧水；泡沫镍；高锰酸钾；盐酸；无水葡萄糖；聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）；N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮（NMP）；聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）；硝酸钠；氢氧化钾；硫酸1.2氧化石墨烯（GO）的制备本实验在H ummers法[12]的基础上稍做调整：准确称量46 mL浓硫酸置于500 mL三口烧瓶，称取1 g硝酸钠加入三口烧瓶，再称取2 g石墨粉缓慢加入，磁力搅拌。

冰水浴条件下，缓慢加6.0 g高锰酸钾，此时溶液由黑色逐渐变为墨绿色。

然后转入35 °C水浴中，搅拌30 min。

还原响应性聚氨酯三嵌段共聚物的合成及应用

Vol. 35 No. 6功能高分子学报2022 年 12 月Journal of Functional Polymers509文章编号： 1008-9357(2022)06-0509-08DOI: 10.14133/ki.1008-9357.20220506002还原响应性聚氨酯三嵌段共聚物的合成及应用彭泽林，谭佳佳，张国颖（中国科学技术大学高分子科学与工程系, 中科院软物质化学重点实验室, 合肥 230026）摘要：设计合成了一类对还原性微环境具有响应性的两亲性聚氨酯三嵌段共聚物−聚乙二醇-聚氨基甲酸酯-聚乙二醇 (PEG-PU(SS)-PEG)，其中PU(SS)中间嵌段由双(2-羟乙基)二硫化物和六亚甲基二异氰酸酯 (HDI) 经逐步聚合得到。

该聚合物可以在水溶液中经纳米闪沉法自组装形成直径约100 nm、分别由PEG嵌段和PU(SS) 嵌段构成壳层和内核的纳米胶束，在其疏水内核中可以负载疏水性化疗药物姜黄素，构成还原环境响应性纳米载药体系，载药量和载药效率分别可达22.2%和71.3%。

体外药物释放实验结果表明：由于共聚物链上疏水性PU(SS) 嵌段中二硫键结构的存在，在谷胱甘肽 (GSH) 作用下，可触发聚合物链发生降解，从而导致胶束结构解离，释放所负载的姜黄素；在GSH处理6 h后，姜黄素的累积释放量可达约90%。

关键词：两亲性聚氨酯三嵌段共聚物；还原响应性；自组装；胶束；纳米载药体系中图分类号： O63 文献标志码： ASynthesis and Application of Redox-ResponsivePolyurethane Triblock CopolymerPENG Zelin, TAN Jiajia, ZHANG Guoying（CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University ofScience and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China）Abstract: A novel kind of redox-responsive amphiphilic polyurethane triblock copolymer, PEG-PU(SS)-PEG, was designed and synthesized, in which PEG was the hydrophilic polyethylene glycol at both ends of the copolymer chain, and the middle hydrophobic polyurethane block PU(SS) was prepared from bis(2-hydroxyethyl) disulfide and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) via step-growth polymerization. PEG-PU(SS)-PEG could self-assemble into stable micelles with the average diameter of about 100 nm through nano-precipitation method in aqueous solution, in which the hydrophilic corona and the hydrophobic cores were composed of PEG and PU(SS) blocks, respectively. Hydrophobic anti-cancer drugs, such as curcumin, could be loaded into the hydrophobic micellar cores to construct redox-responsive drug nanocarriers with the drug loading content and the drug loading efficiency as high as 22.2% and 71.3%, respectively. Due to the existence of the disulfide linkages in the hydrophobic PU(SS) blocks, in the presence of glutathione (GSH), the copolymer chains could be triggered to depolymerize, resulting in the disintegration of the nano-micelles and release of loaded curcumin. After being co-incubated with GSH for收稿日期： 2022-05-06基金项目：国家自然科学基金(51973206)作者简介：彭泽林（1996—），男，硕士生，主要研究方向为可降解聚合物的合成与应用。

CaP_壳聚糖复合膜层的电化学共沉积研究

Vol.23高等学校化学学报　No.11　2002年11月 C HE M IC AL JOURNAL OF CHINE SE UNIVE RSIT IES 2142～2146　CaP/壳聚糖复合膜层的电化学共沉积研究胡　仁,胡皓冰,林昌健(厦门大学固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室,材料科学与工程系,化学系,厦门361005)摘要　用电化学共沉积方法在医用钛合金表面成功制备了CaP/壳聚糖复合膜层,并用XRD,SEM,FT IR 漫反射光谱和XP S等对复合膜层化学组成及结构进行表征.结果表明,加入壳聚糖可使钙磷沉积层结构发生显著变化,将壳聚糖掺入钙磷沉积层,形成CaP/壳聚糖复合物和杂化物.力学实验表明,在钛基底表面未进行表面预处理条件下,CaP/壳聚糖复合膜层与钛基底的结合力高达2.6M P a,比单一CaP电化学沉积层与基底的结合力提高约4倍.文中还对壳聚糖参与表面电沉积反应机理进行了讨论.关键词　CaP膜层;壳聚糖;电化学共沉积;生物材料中图分类号　O646 文献标识码　A 文章编号　0251-0790(2002)11-2142-05用电沉积法制备及经低温碱液后处理的HAP生物陶瓷涂层的生物活性远高于等离子喷涂法制备的陶瓷涂层[1～3].研究具有“结构仿生”的硬组织材料是当今生物医学材料发展的重要方向[4,5].甲壳素增强矿物相的作用类似于骨中的主要有机成分胶原,其固有的生物可降解性及良好的交联特性使之可能成为重要的硬组织改性材料[6,7].壳聚糖即脱乙酰甲壳素,能溶于低酸度水溶液中,它是天然多糖中唯一存在的碱性氨基多糖,能够生物降解,无免疫反应,对人体无毒,是理想的医用生物材料[8].壳聚糖与钙磷化合物的降解机理不同,酶解型壳聚糖与水解型钙磷化合物的复合可改变单纯无机相的降解性质,并有可能进一步改进植入材料的生物性能.由于壳聚糖生物性能优良,人们已开始探索用于人造骨材料的改性.Leroux等[9]对包括壳聚糖在内的多种有机佐药对磷酸钙骨水泥的可注射性的影响进行了研究.Viala等[10,11]探讨了壳聚糖对溶液中磷酸八钙晶体生成的影响,并用饱和溶液共析法制备羟基磷灰石与壳聚糖的复合物[11].Ito等[8]直接将羟基磷灰石粉加入壳聚糖溶胶中制备复合膜层.最近Muzzarelli等[12]用壳聚糖膜来修饰钛合金表面等离子喷涂的羟基磷灰石,以期改善膜层的生物性能.本文采用电化学共沉积法在钛合金基底表面制备钙磷陶瓷/壳聚糖复合膜层,旨在实现壳聚糖在微观尺寸上(或分子水平)的杂化复合,获得具有优良生物和力学等综合性能的新型生物医学材料.1　实验部分基底材料为医用钛合金(Ti6Al4V),表面经机械打磨并清洗干净.电沉积溶液为200mL含0.042 mol/L Ca(NO3)2和0.025mol/L NH4H2PO4的电解液,pH=3.90～4.50,其中添加少量(～3mL)壳聚糖溶液(2%CTS/1%HAc).控制一定的电压(3～12V)或电流(3～4mA),进行阴极电沉积,于室温反应1～6.5h,可在钛合金表面获得钙磷陶瓷/壳聚糖复合沉积层.XRD实验用日本理学Rigaku公司的D/M AX-RC转靶X射线粉末衍射仪,采用铜靶,管电压40 kV,管电流30m A,狭缝系统1°DS—1°SS-0.15m m RS,以石墨单色器滤波,扫描范围5°～45°,扫描速度6°/min.SEM实验用日本日立Hitachi公司的S-520扫描电子显微镜.FT IR漫反射实验用美国Nicolet公司的740傅里叶光谱仪.XPS实验用英国VG公司ESCA LAB M arkⅡ能谱仪,激发源为Mg K A X射线(1253.6eV),能量分析器通过能为20eV,以C1s284.7eV作为能量校正标准.金属基底/沉积层的结合力实验是用微型实验仪器厂生产的LJ500型拉力实验机,固定样品的粘合剂为KC302A型超强快固环氧树脂胶.收稿日期:2001-06-12.基金项目:国家自然科学基金(批准号:29873039)资助.联系人简介:林昌健(1951年出生),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,从事电化学研究.E-mail:cjlin@2　结果与讨论2.1　电沉积层组成的XRD 分析从图1扣除基底的XRD 衍射峰可观察到加入壳聚糖溶液前后钙磷化合物(CaP )电沉积层结构的变化.从未加壳聚糖的电沉积层衍射峰的位置和强度可指认主要成分为含两个结晶水的磷酸氢钙(DCPD).峰强与标准粉末衍射数据相比存在差异,说明电沉积的CaP 陶瓷晶面发生一定的择优取向.加入壳聚糖后的电沉积层的衍射峰的位置基本不变,但衍射峰的相对强度却有很大变化,尤其是在2H =11.7°处峰极强,说明由于壳聚糖在表面的位阻和诱导作用使DCPD 在(020)晶面上有明显的择优取向.从图2可知,当壳聚糖的含量不同,DCPD 择优取向的晶面和择优程度也不同.Fig .1　X -ray dif f ract ion pattern of the electrodepositedcoatingsa .CaP coating ;b .CaP coating +2mL CT S solution.Fig .2　X -ray diff raction pattern of samples obtained un -der diff erent conditions a .CaP coating;b .CaP coatin g+1mL CT S solution;c .CaP coating+2mL CTS solution.在电场作用下,钙磷化合物在阴极表面的电沉积过程是极其复杂的[13],其电沉积过程大致可分如下步骤:(1)在金属基底(阴极)表面,溶液中H +,H 2O 和NO -3等被还原:2H ++2e H 2↑2H 2O+2e H 2↑+2OH -NO -3+H 2O +2e NO -2+2OH-(2)吸附在阴极上的氢氧根离子在电极表面与溶液中H 2PO -4发生反应:OH -+H 2PO -4HPO 2-4+H 2O若电极表面吸附的氢氧根离子浓度较大时,还可以进一步反应:HPO 2-4+OH -PO 3-4+H 2O (3)当电极附近存在钙离子时,在电极表面可能发生下列几种反应:Ca 2++HPO 2-4+2H 2O CaHPO 4・2H 2O(DCPD)8Ca 2++6HPO 2-4+5H 2O Ca 8H 2(PO 4)6・5H 2O (OCP )+4H +3Ca 2++2PO 3-4+n H 2O Ca 3(PO 4)2・n H 2O (TCP )10Ca 2++6PO 3-4+2OH -Ca 10(PO 4)6(OH )2(HAP )在水溶液中,钙离子和磷酸根离子形成的沉淀主要有下列四种形式:二水磷酸氢钙(CaHPO 4・2H 2O,DCPD),磷酸八钙[Ca 8H 2(PO 4)6・5H 2O,OCP],磷酸三钙[Ca 3(PO 4)2・n H 2O,TCP],羟基磷灰石[Ca 10(PO 4)6(OH)2,HAP].在本实验条件下,由于电极/溶液界面pH 值较低,XRD 实验表明电沉积层主要是DCPD ,DCPD 是HAP 的前驱体,在一定的条件下DCPD 可以转化成为HAP 晶体.2.2　电沉积层的表面形貌从图3可以看到,加入壳聚糖后可观察到沉积层表面呈枝脉状形貌,沉积层的结晶度很高,其晶体呈多层片状,层与层之间结构紧密.通过阴极电沉积可得到晶体结构良好的多孔状沉积层,这与电化学沉积过程复杂的界面物理化学条件密切有关.比较加入壳聚糖前后DCPD 沉积层结构形貌2143N o.11胡　仁等:CaP /壳聚糖复合膜层的电化学共沉积研究 Fig .3　SEM micrographs of DCPD coatings with CTS(A)×100;(B)×1000;(C )×3000.Fig .4　SEM micrographs of DCPD coatings (A)On l y DCPD;(B)DCPD w ith chitosan.(图4),可看到单纯的DCPD 钙磷陶瓷沉积层的晶体呈鳞片状无规则堆砌,结构松散;加入壳聚糖后DCPD 钙磷陶瓷沉积层晶体结构呈多片重叠有序排列,晶体成长取向性强,结构明显致密.从生物医学的角度来看,这种晶体结构良好的多孔状形貌对提高钙磷陶瓷的生物活性和生物相容性比较有利,因为沉积层具有较大的反应表面积和微晶结构,有利于作为植入材料与人体组织形成大面积的骨结合界面和强的化学作用[14].表面良好的晶体结构还有利于促进界面成骨诱导作用.2.3　电沉积层成分的红外(FTIR )漫反射分析根据图5不同条件下获得的电化学沉积层FTIR 谱图的比较,并参照纯DCPD红外光谱和壳聚糖Fig .5　FTIR spectra of el ectrodeposited coatings (A )only DCPD ;(B )DCPD with CTS ;(C )DCPD standard spectrum ;(D )CT S standard spectrum .2144 高等学校化学学报V ol.23标准FTIR 谱,表明沉积层在加入壳聚糖后红外漫反射谱在官能团区没有出现明显新峰,但发现在指纹区FTIR 谱峰发生明显位移.这可能是由于壳聚糖与钙磷化合物产生部分化学键合,生成相应的CaP-壳聚糖杂化物,导致指纹区谱峰的位移,或引起壳聚糖自身的吸收峰信号的减弱.此外,实验还观测到加入壳聚糖的CaP 沉积层均可在898cm -1处检测到一弱峰,该谱峰属壳聚糖环伸缩振动峰.由此证明,CaP 电沉积层中存在壳聚糖特征官能团,CaP -壳聚糖可发生部分化学键合,并生成相应的杂化物.由于谱峰交盖重叠,变化复杂,在CaP 沉积层表面吸附的壳聚糖量极少,尚难以对每个谱峰的归属加以确认.2.4　电沉积层XPS 分析为了进一步证明复合沉积层中壳聚糖的存在,利用XPS 表面能谱检测引入壳聚糖前后CaP 沉积层表面氮浓度的变化.图6是在相同实验条件下,单纯CaP 沉积层和加有壳聚糖的CaP 沉积层表面XPS 谱图的比较.可以看出,加入壳聚糖后,在398.3eV 处N 1s 的谱峰明显增强,这是主要来自壳聚糖中—NH 2的贡献.由于空气中N 2对两种样品的影响是等同的,可以忽略不计.从而证实复合CaP 沉积层中确实存在壳聚糖,壳聚糖可与钙磷化合物形成有机/无机杂化物或复合沉积层.Fig .6　N 1s photoel ectron spectrum for the el ectrode -posited coatingsa .CaP coating w ith CTS addition ;b .CaP coating.Fig .7　Experimental setup for coating shear strength testing2.5　金属基底/钙磷陶瓷涂层结合力实验结合力实验装置见图7,实验用的A-B 快固环氧树脂胶粘结试样表面和金属拉伸块完全固化后,用拉伸机测量沉积层与基底的剪切拉力.实验的结果表明,钙磷陶瓷涂层加入壳聚糖后,沉积层与基底的结合力达到2.60M Pa ,比单纯钙磷陶瓷涂层(0.66MPa )增加了约4倍.壳聚糖参与表面反应的可能机理如下:溶液中天然高分子壳聚糖(CT S)的—NH 2在一定的pH 条件下发生质子化,从而使壳聚糖分子荷正电,在外加电场的作用下,质子化的壳聚糖向阴极迁移,并在电极界面较高pH 下脱去质子氢,即质子化的壳聚糖在电极/溶液界面去质子化,形成非水溶性的壳聚糖.与此同时,在电化学条件控制下,电极/溶液界面合适的化学环境[3]促使钙磷化合物与壳聚糖发生共沉积,形成CaP-壳聚糖复合物.此外,质子化的壳聚糖还可与磷酸氢根等发生键合作用,并在阴极表面沉积生成有机-无机杂化物.由于2145N o.11胡　仁等:CaP /壳聚糖复合膜层的电化学共沉积研究壳聚糖大分子在电极表面的位阻和诱导作用,对钙磷化合物的结晶过程及结晶形态有显著影响.可见,壳聚糖参与电极界面化学沉积反应,并趋向与CaP 形成杂化物和复合物的结合形式,有机-无机沉积层相互结合交联在一起,使得沉积层相内及沉积层与金属基底的结合力明显增强.参　考　文　献[1]　Ji Huaxia,Ponton C.B.,M arquis P.M..J.M ater.S ci.:M ater.M ed.[J],1992,3:283—287[2]　M anso M.,J imenez C.,M orant C.et al ..Biomaterials[J],2000,21:1755—1761[3]　ZHANG Jian-M ing.Doctoral Dissertation[D],Xiamen Un i versity,1998[4]　GU O Qing -L i n g (郭庆玲).Clinic Orthopaedics (临床骨科学)[M ],Beijing :People ′s Sanitation Press ,1989[5]　CHENG Ling-M ei(程玲妹),YUAN Nan-Xi(袁楠希),XUE Qing(薛　晴)et al ..Bi ological and Environmental M aterials(生物及环境材料)[M ],Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,1997:239—242[6]　JIANG Ting-Da(蒋挺大).Ch itin(甲壳素)[M ],Beijing:Ch inese Environ mental Science Press,1995[7]　Wan Andrew C. A.,Eugene Khor,Garth W.Hasting.Biomaterials[J],1998,19:1309—1316[8]　Ito M .,Hidak a Y .,Nakajima M .et al ..J .Biomed .M ater Res .[J ],1998,45(3):204—208[9]　Leroux L.,Hatim Z.,Freche M.et al ..Bone[J ],1999,25(2):31S —34S[10]　Viala S.,Freche M.,Lacout J.L..Carbohydrate Polym ers[J],1996,29(3):197—201[11]　Viala S.,Freche M.,Lacout J.L..Ann.Chim.Sci.M at.[J],1998,23:69—72[12]　M uzzarelli R.A. A.,Biagini G.,DeBenedittis A.et al ..Carboh ydrate Polymers[J],2001,45:35—41[13]　ZHANG Jian -M in (张建民),L IN Chang -J ian (林昌健),FENG Zu -De (冯祖德)et al ..Chem .J .Chinese U niversities (高等学校化学学报)[J],1997,18(6):961—962[14]　Redepenning J.,S chlessinger T.,Burnham S.et al ..J.Biomed.M ater.Res.[J],1996,30:287Preparation and Characterization for a Co -deposited Hybrid Coatingof Calcium Phosphate /Chitosan on Ti Alloy S urfaceHU Ren ,HU Hao -Bing ,LIN Chang -Jian *(State K ey L abor atory f or P hy sical Chemistr y of Solid Sur f aces ,D ep artment of M ater ials Scienceand Engineering ,D ep ar tment of Chemistr y ,X iamen Univer sity ,X iamen 361005,China )Abstract In this w ork,a novel electrodeposition has been developed to prepare a hybrid coating of calcium phosphate /chitosan on the surface of Ti alloy .The surface morphologies ,chemical com positions and crys-talline structures of the hybrid coatings are characterized by using various spectroscopic techniques ,such as SEM ,XPS,FT IR and XRD etc..The results indicate that a hybrid coating of calcium phosphate/chi-tosan is formed on the metal surface when adding minor of chitosan to the electrolyte of calcium phosphate under the electrodeposition condition .The morphology of the hybrid coating is significantly different with that of the pure calcium phosphate.It is also show n that the bonding strength of the hy brid coating to the metal substrate has been increased as high as 2.6M Pa because of the incorporation of chitosan in the coat-ing .M eanw hile ,the chitosan is a natural polym er compound w ith good biolog ical -properties ,it is proposed to be of a high biocompatibility and an ex cellent biocompatibility w hen forming a hybrid coating of calcium phosphate/chitosan on a metal substrate.It means that the electrodeposited hybrid coating of calcium phos-phate/chitosan dev eloped in our lab may becom e a new promising implant biolog ical material.Keywords CaP film coating ;Chitosan ;Electrochemical co -deposition ;Biolog ical material(Ed.:F,X)2146 高等学校化学学报V ol.23。

聚(环氧乙烷-环氧烷烃)共聚物的生产方法[发明专利]

专利名称：聚（环氧乙烷－环氧烷烃）共聚物的生产方法专利类型：发明专利
发明人：G·尼尔斯,S·罗塞利,T·米特瓦,安田章夫,C·维塔诺夫,R·斯塔梅诺瓦,I·伯利诺瓦,P·佩特罗夫
申请号：CN200780010360.8
申请日：20070327
公开号：CN101405322A
公开日：
20090408
专利内容由知识产权出版社提供
摘要：本发明涉及一种与一种环氧烷烃共聚的聚(环氧乙烷)的生产方法和涉及用这样的方法生产的聚(环氧乙烷－环氧烷烃)共聚物，含有这样的聚(环氧乙烷－共－环氧烷烃)共聚物的光电器件，还涉及这样的聚(环氧乙烷)－(环氧烷烃)共聚物的用途。

申请人：索尼德国有限责任公司
地址：德国柏林
国籍：DE
代理机构：中国专利代理(香港)有限公司
更多信息请下载全文后查看。

丙烯酸酯嵌段共聚物合成及其改性环氧树脂的研究(1)

丙烯酸酯嵌段共聚物合成及其改性环氧树脂的研究王小兵1,2　何尚锦2　张保龙2　郑　威1　金子明1(1.中国兵器工业集团第五三研究所,济南　250031;　2.南开大学化学系,天津　300071) 摘要　通过原子转移自由基聚合反应合成了以丙烯酸正丁酯(n BA)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)及甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(G MA)为单体的嵌段共聚物,采用凝胶渗透色谱仪、核磁共振波谱仪和傅立叶红外光谱仪对嵌段共聚物的结构与组成进行了确定。

然后用合成的嵌段共聚物对环氧树脂(EP)/4,4′2二氨基二苯甲烷体系进行增韧改性,采用动态热机械分析仪、冲击试验机和扫描电子显微镜对增韧效果进行了表征并对增韧机理做了初步分析。

结果表明,嵌段共聚物的加入对体系的主转变温度和模量影响不大;在嵌段共聚物中MMA与n BA的物质的量之比为1∶1时,嵌段共聚物在EP固化时发生微相分离,缺口冲击强度明显提高。

关键词　环氧树脂　增韧　嵌段共聚物　原子转移自由基聚合环氧树脂(EP)具有优良的热性能、耐化学腐蚀性、尺寸稳定性及高强度、高模量等性能,在航天、汽车制造等行业被广泛用作粘合剂、金属底漆、防腐涂料等。

但是,EP本身的脆性大大限制了它的应用,所以EP的增韧一直是高分子科学领域的重要课题[1-4]。

其中,具有核壳结构的聚丙烯酸酯弹性粒子增韧EP是一个重要研究方向[5]。

一般采用具有橡胶特性的聚丙烯酸正丁酯(Pn BA)作为核,采用与EP具有一定相容性的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(P MMA)、聚丙烯腈等作为壳。

为了增加粒子与EP基体的界面结合力,壳层中有时还加入带有环氧基团的甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(G MA),以实现粒子与EP基体的化学键合。

嵌段共聚物分子链中的不同链段往往具有不同的热力学性质,这就导致嵌段共聚物在成型、共混、溶解时发生相分离,但由于不同链段间有化学键相连,故相分离又受到限制[6],嵌段共聚物的物理行为是通过嵌段共聚物的分子自组装实现的。

欧洲药典7.5版

EUROPEAN PHARMACOPOEIA 7.5
INDEX
To aid users the index includes a reference to the supplement in which the latest version of a text can be found. For example : Amikacin sulfate...............................................7.5-4579 means the monograph Amikacin sulfate can be found on page 4579 of Supplement 7.5. Note that where no reference to a supplement is made, the text can be found in the principal volume.
English index ........................................................................ 4707
Latin index ................................................................................. 4739
EUROPEAN PHARMACOPபைடு நூலகம்EIA 7.5
Index
Numerics 1. General notices ................................................................... 7.5-4453 2.1.1. Droppers...................

纳米力学公司将为美国海军研发纳米润滑剂技术

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１１支娟
１）分析结构的损伤变形、移、位吸能、度、速速加
度等表明，用新式夹层板后舰船结构与水之间的耦应合力、冲量具有不同程度减低，构的损伤变形、结位移、速度、速度均明显减小，加结构的吸能增加，此因三角形折叠式夹层板和四棱柱蜂窝式夹层板舰船底部结构表现出良好的防护性能。其中，角形折叠式三夹层板舰船结构的防护性能更优。２）夹芯层对舰船在水下爆炸载荷下的结构防护中起关键作用，主要表现为以下３方面：
① 夹层板结构吸能效率较高，高了结构的吸提
能；
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三联苯甲壳型液晶聚合物的合成及其末端基团对液晶相的影响

（School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063 China）
Abstract: Two kinds of mesogen jacketed liquid crystalline polymers (MJLCPs) based on vinyl terphenyls have been designed and synthesized via radical polymerization. The effects of the length of the terminal groups on the liquid crystal phase was investigated with differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), thermo gravimetry analysis (TGA), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXS). The results of small angle X-ray scattering and polarized optical microscope have shown that the polymer PVTP-CN can form a smectic phase because of the jacketing effect. However, for polymers (PVTP-Cm), in the case of short alkyl chains, the “jacketing” effect is weakened, no liquid crystalline phase is found when (m = 4,6), while the polymer PVTPC10 with a longer chain length (m = 10) can form a liquid crystal phase because of microphase separation. Key words: mesgoen jacketed liquid crystalline polymers (MJLCPs)； terphenyl mesogen unit； terminal groups； microphase separation

三氟化硼与原甲酸三甲酯上甲基保护机的机理

三氟化硼与原甲酸三甲酯上甲基保护机的机理三氟化硼与原甲酸三甲酯反应生成中间体，然后与甲醛反应，形成上甲基保护机。

Boron trifluoride reacts with methyl formate to form an intermediate, which then reacts with formaldehyde to form a methyl-protected group.这个保护机制可以防止反应中的功能团被不必要地改变，从而保护化合物的结构。

This protection mechanism can prevent the functional groups in the reaction from being unnecessarily altered, thus protecting the structure of the compound.上甲基保护机制通过形成稳定的亚胺中间体来实现，进而防止原甲酸三甲酯与三氟化硼进行不必要的反应。

The methyl protection mechanism is achieved by forming a stable imine intermediate, thereby preventing unnecessary reactions between methyl formate and boron trifluoride.这种保护机制对于合成化学中的多种反应都有应用。

This protection mechanism has applications in various reactions in synthetic chemistry.通过上甲基保护机制，化合物的特定部分可以在受到其他试剂影响的情况下得到保护。

Through the methyl protection mechanism, specific partsof the compound can be protected from the influence of other reagents.通过了解上甲基保护机制的机理，可以更好地控制化合物的合成。

三氟化硼与原甲酸三甲酯上甲基保护机的机理

三氟化硼与原甲酸三甲酯上甲基保护机的机理1. 引言1.1 概述三氟化硼是一种重要的有机化合物，具有广泛的应用领域。

原甲酸三甲酯是一种常见的有机合成试剂，也在许多领域中被广泛使用。

本文将以三氟化硼与原甲酸三甲酯之间的反应为研究对象，探讨其甲基保护的机理。

1.2 研究背景在有机合成中，对活性基团进行保护是十分常见和重要的操作，而甲基保护则属于其中的关键步骤之一。

原甲酸三甲酯作为常用的保护试剂，在保护活性基团时显示出极高的选择性和效果。

然而，对这一反应机理的深入认识仍然不够完整，并且缺乏系统性研究和论述。

1.3 研究意义揭示三氟化硼与原甲酸三甲酯反应中甲基保护机理的特点和规律对于有机合成领域具有重要的实际意义。

首先，了解反应机制可为该反应条件和工艺参数的优化提供指导。

其次，深入了解反应过程中的影响因素，有助于拓展该类反应的应用范围和副产物的控制。

最后，通过对该反应机理的研究，可以为其他保护基团的设计和合成提供参考。

综上所述，本文旨在探讨三氟化硼与原甲酸三甲酯之间甲基保护机理的特点与规律，并希望通过对该反应机理的深入研究，为有机合成领域的进一步发展贡献一定的科学价值和实用意义。

2. 三氟化硼的化学性质：2.1 结构特点：三氟化硼（BF3）是一种无色气体，由一个硼原子和三个氟原子组成。

其分子式为BF3，相对分子质量为67.81 g/mol。

在常温下，它呈现出内层八电子的不规则五角形结构，并且没有净自旋。

这种结构使得BF3具有较高的电负性。

2.2 化学反应性：由于BF3分子中存在着不完全填充的可以接受电子对的空轨道，因此它表现出了很强的亲电性和路易斯酸性。

它可以形成配合物，如与氨等碱基形成氢键络合物。

此外，BF3还可以与许多有机化合物发生反应。

在有机合成中，BF3通常被用作催化剂、催化转移剂或路易斯酸催化剂。

它可以促使不饱和化合物发生加成、缩合、环化、重排等反应，从而产生新的有机化合物。

2.3 应用领域：由于其卓越的催化性能和多样的反应机制，在有机合成领域，BF3及其衍生物被广泛应用于多种反应中。

3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酰甲壳素的制备与表征

3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酰甲壳素的制备与表征
陈煜;多英全;罗运军;谭惠民
【期刊名称】《功能高分子学报》
【年(卷),期】2003(016)004
【摘要】在甲磺酸体系中,将具有较好紫外吸收性能的3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酸分子键接到甲壳素的分子链上,制得了3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酰甲壳素.采用红外光谱、
1H-NMR、广角X-射线衍射、紫外光谱等表征方法对改性产物进行了结构表征.通过对改性产物的紫外光谱表征发现产物具有一定的吸收紫外线能力.产物在有机溶剂中有一定的溶解性能.
【总页数】4页(P475-478)
【作者】陈煜;多英全;罗运军;谭惠民
【作者单位】北京理工大学材料科学与工程学院,北京,100081;北京理工大学材料科学与工程学院,北京,100081;北京理工大学材料科学与工程学院,北京,100081;北京理工大学材料科学与工程学院,北京,100081
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】O636.1
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