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《地理信息系统--原理、方法和应用》邬伦等参考书目

参考文献1．书和专著[德]阿.赫特纳（王兰生译），地理学——它的历史、性质和方法，1997，北京：商务印书馆[俄]K.A. 萨里谢夫（李道义译），地图制图学概论，1982，北京：测绘出版社[美]A. H. 罗宾逊，R. D.塞尔，J.L.莫里逊，P.C.墨尔克（李道义、刘耀珍译），地图学原理，1989，北京：测绘出版社[美]D.J.沃姆斯利、G.J.刘易斯（王兴中、郑国强、李贵才译），行为地理学导论，1988，西安，陕西人民出版社[美]R.哈特向（黎樵译），地理学性质的透视，1997，北京：商务印书馆[美]T.哈默格兰（曾增强译），数据仓库技术，1998，北京：中国水利水电出版社[美]丹尼斯.伍德（王志弘、李根芳、魏庆嘉译），地图的力量，2000，北京：中国社会科学出版社[美]杰克.吉多、詹姆斯.P.克莱门特（张金成译），成功的项目管理，1999，北京：机械工业出版社[美]尼葛洛庞帝（胡泳、范海燕译），数字化生存，1997，海口：海南出版社[日]遥感研究会（刘勇卫、贺雪鸿译），遥感精解，1993，北京：测绘出版社[英]大卫.哈维（高泳源、刘立华、蔡运龙译），地理学中的解释，1996，北京：商务印书馆Andrej Vckovski, Interoperatable and Distributed Processing in GIS, 1998, London: Taylor & FrancisAndrew S. Tanenbaum，Computer Networks，1996，北京清华大学出版社Andrew S. Tanenbaum，Distributed Operating Systems，1996，北京清华大学出版社C. Dana Tomlin，Geographic Information Systems and Cartographic Modeling，1990，Englewood Cliffs，New Jersey：Prentice-Hall Inc.Christopher B. Jones, Geographical Information Systems and Computer Cartography,1997, Addison Wesley Longman Ltd.D.R.F. 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关于惠特尼不等式的历史注记

关于惠特尼不等式的历史注记程钊（北京化工大学数学系，100029）摘要：本文考察了惠特尼不等式κ (G)≤λ (G) ≤δ (G) 的历史，指出惠特尼并非该不等式的首创者。

关键词：惠特尼不等式，历史1.设G是一个图，κ(G) 是它的（点）连通度，λ(G)是它的边连通度，δ(G)是它的最小度，则存在联系这三个数的一个著名不等式：（*）κ (G)≤λ (G) ≤δ (G) ；它几乎出现在任何一本图论教科书中，并且常常被认为是属于惠特尼（例如，[1，6，11]），因此，有时也被称为惠特尼不等式（如[15]）。

那些把这个不等式归属于惠特尼的作者，都毫无例外地将其出处指向惠特尼1932年发表的一篇论文[12]。

看来人们没有理由对此产生疑问，因为这是一个非是即否的问题。

然而，如果人们对惠特尼的这篇论文本身感兴趣，并且真地去进行核对，那么你就会惊讶地发现不等式（*）根本就没有在这篇文章中出现！如果人们进一步留心，还会发现一个有趣的现象，一些作者在涉及这个不等式时，则并不指出它的出处（如[3]）。

这是怎么回事呢？下面我们从历史的角度对此作一考察。

2.让我们就从惠特尼的这篇论文[12]开始说起。

的确，惠特尼在他的论文中第一次给出了一个图的连通度的概念。

按照他的说法，如果G是一个包含至少n+1个顶点的图，使得我们不可能去掉n－1个或更少的顶点及其上的弧而导致不连通的图。

那么我们说G是n-重连通的。

如果G是n-重连通的而不是(n+1)-重连通的，我们就说它的连通度是n 。

显然，惠特尼定义的连通度就是后来的图论专家所称的点连通度。

至于边连通度，他在论文中连提都没有提到，更不要说不等式（*）了。

事实上，他的这篇论文的一个主要结论是他的定理7：一个不包含2-回路的图是n重连通的必要和充分条件是，它的任何两个顶点都由n条不相交的链相连。

它有时被称作门格尔定理[8]的整体形式。

的确，κ≤λ容易从惠特尼的定理7推出（参见[4]），但是断言惠特尼建立了这个不等式明显是一种年代错置（anachronism）。

《历史研究》的注释规范

《历史研究》的注释规范(2007-05-17 13:53:01)转载▼虽然注释是一件很麻烦的事情，但是体现了学术严谨，是从事学术不可不注意的。

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------为了便于学术交流和推进本刊编辑工作的规范化，在研究和借鉴其他学术期刊有关规定的基础上，我们对文献引证标注方式进行了修订，并将从2002年第1期开始执行。

现特此公布其主要内容，敬请作者参照执行。

一普通图书引证内容及顺序为：①责任者与责任方式；②书名；③卷册；④出版者与出版时间；⑤版本；⑥页码。

（一）责任者与责任方式1、责任者可能是个人，也可能是团体、组织、机构。

责任者无法确定时，用“佚名”表示。

2、责任方式有多种，如果是撰著，在姓名之后加冒号表示；如果是“编”、“主编”、“编著”、“整理”“校注”等其他责任形式，直接跟书名，不空格，不加冒号。

如：朱汉国：《梁漱溟乡村建设理论研究》，山西教育出版社，1996年。

顾潮编著《顾颉刚年谱》，中国社会科学出版社，1993年。

3、两个或三个责任方式相同的责任者，用顿号隔开；有三个以上时，只取第一责任者，其后加“等”字，如：徐寿凯、施培毅校点《吴汝纶尺牍》，黄山书社，1990年。

许毅等：《清代外债史论》，中国财政经济出版社，1996年。

4、责任方式不同的责任者，用逗号分开；译著的翻译者及古籍的点校者、整理者等可放在书名之后。

如：严修自订，高凌雯补《严修先生年谱》，齐鲁书社，1990年。

A . 施阿兰：《使华记（1893---1897）》，袁传璋、郑永慧译，商务印书馆，1989年。

欧阳兆熊、金安清：《水窗春呓》，谢兴尧点校，中华书局，1984年。

（二）书名1、书名的副标题应一并标注；如书名较长，再次引证时，可用简称，但须在首次标注时注明。

2、书名中原有的补充说明等文字，应放在书名号内，如：任继愈主编《中国哲学发展史（先秦）》，人民出版社，1983年。

厦门大学本科课程大纲

厦门大学本科课程大纲课程名称晶体学基础英文名称Fundament of Crystallography课程编号开课学期5学分/周学时 3 / 3课程类型学科类方向性课程先修课程无机化学、普通物理、高等数学、线性代数、材料科学基础选用教材潘兆橹，结晶学及矿物学(上册，第三版)，地质出版社，北京：1993。

宓锦校，晶体学基础(讲义)，参见，2004。

主要参考书[1]、埃文思(R.C.Evans) (英),胡玉才译, 结晶化学导论, 人民教育出版社，北京：1980。

[2]、陈焕矗，无机非金属材料，山东教育出版社，济南：1985。

[3]、陈焕矗,结晶化学, 山东教育出版社，济南：1985。

[4]、陈敬中, 现代晶体化学：理论与方法：Theories and technique, 高等教育出版社，北京：2001。

[5]、陈敬中, 准晶结构及对称新理论, 华中理工大学出版社，武汉：1996。

[6]、方奇, 于文涛, 晶体学原理, 国防工业出版社, 北京: 2002。

[7]、李中和等,结晶化学, 浙江大学出版社，杭州：1989。

[8]、梁栋材，X射线晶体学基础，科学出版社，北京：1991。

[9]、梁敬魁，相图与相结构(上、下册)，科学出版社，北京：1993。

[10]、罗谷风，结晶学导论，地质出版社，北京：1985。

[11]、罗谷风，基础结晶学与矿物学，南京大学出版社，南京：1998。

[12]、宓锦校、吴伯麟、袁润章等，无机材料晶体结构(CD-R)，武汉工业大学出版社，武汉：1999。

[13]、潘兆橹，结晶学及矿物学(上册，第三版)，地质出版社，北京：1993。

[14]、彭志忠，X射线分析简明教程，地质出版社，北京：1982。

[15]、钱逸泰, 结晶化学导论, 中国科学技术大学出版社，合肥：1999。

[16]、邱关明, 结晶化学, 华中工学院出版社，武昌：1986。

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《数学史融入数学教学的方式研究文献综述1700字》

数学史融入数学教学的方式研究文献综述关于数学史与数学教学的研究，研究者们从不同学段和不同教学内容上进行研究。

根据研究需要本部分从数学史内容、选取、方式及实践成果梳理相关研究。

1.数学史融入数学教学的内容研究数学史内容的呈现方式上有隐形和显性之分，隐性数学史即观念层面的，显性数学史内容即通过图片或文字等载体直接呈现出来的。

通过梳理文献发现，大部分研究是针对显性数学史内容的研究。

因此，可以将研究分为两类，一类是对教材中数学史内容的编排及呈现方式展开研究，多是对不同版本教材中的数学史内容进行比较研究，进而为教材编写者提供建议。

如王保红（2018）等人研究发现北师版注重运用数学史引导学生解决问题，华师版偏重运用数学史拓展学生思维。

也有学者对初中教材中的数学史内容进行研究，如刘兰（2019）从数学史内容的数量、知识领域、内容分类等对比不同版本教材的差异。

也有学者对高中教材开展研究，如李伟康（2020）从知识主题、栏目分布、运用方式、信息载体、历史时期、所属国家六个维度比较人教A 版、人教B 版、北师版三个版本高中数学教材中数学史内容的异同点。

另一类是根据实际教学情况分析课堂中融入的数学史内容，研究哪些史料适合走进课堂，为教师、教学提出相关的教学建议，偏重研究教材中数学史类别、选取等。

福韦尔（Fauvel,2000）将数学史内容分为三种：一是数学史的原始资料，二是经过别人翻译或加工的二手材料，三是在原始材料和二手材料的基础上，重构数学史，进而应用到课堂。

张梦婷（2019）将数学史的内容分为数学思想的历史资料、历史名题的历史资料、数学知识的历史资料、以及经典数学问题的历史资料。

总体来看，关于数学史内容的相关研究，主要是针对教材中的数学史内容开展。

1.数学史内容的选取福瑞帝（Furinghetti,2003）指出数学史的选取步骤：第一，归纳教材中提供的史料；第二，选择数学史；第三，搜集相关的原始资料；第四，将搜集到的原始资料与选取内容进行整合与加工。

中期答辩外文翻译

模糊系统与数学131（2002）101-106一个基于方案模糊信息的多属性决策方法Zhi-Ping Fan a,b , Jian Ma b,∗ , Quan Zhang b信息与决策部门，工商管理学院，东北大学，沈阳110006，中国部门的信息系统，香港大学，83Tat中港大道，九龙，香港摘要本文研究了对多属性决策方案的问题。

本文提出了一种新的方法来解决决策问题，也就是决策者对于他/她的偏好方案的一个模糊的关系。

对re.ect决策者的偏好信息，构建一个最优化模型来评估属性权重然后选择最理想的替代品。

最后，用一个例子来说明所提出的问题。

2001由Elsevier Science公司出版。

关键词：多属性决策；模糊偏好信息；方案排序1 引言在多属性决策（MADM）问题里，决策者往往需要选择或者排序非均匀和相互冲突的属性[3,14]。

MADM是在现实世界中许多的情况下出现的一个决策性问题[3,6,14,19,20]，例如，在生产计划的问题上，生产速度，质量和运营成本都要考虑选择满意的方案。

大量的研究工作一直在进行一个多属性决策问题，其中之一的研究热点就是模糊集理论的应用解决不精确信息的多属性决策问题以[3,4,24]为代表的模糊条款。

通讯作者。

电话: +852-2788-8514 传真: +852-2784-4198电子邮件地址: isjian@.hk (J. Ma).0165-0114/01/$-见前页c 2001 由Elsevier科学有限公司出版PII: S0165-0114(01)00258-5在多属性决策问题里，决策者的偏好信息经常被用来排列替代品，然而，决策者的判断因形式和深度而异。

决策者可能不代表他/她所有喜欢的，或者可能代表他/她的属性或替代偏好的形式。

决策者的判断能力也各种各样。

解决多属性决策问题可以分成三类，根据决策者给出diEerent形式的偏好信息[3,14]：（1）无偏好信息[2,8,12]的方法，（2）与属性[1,5,7,9,22]信息;（3）对替代品[3,14,16,17,20,23]信息的方法。

formative assessment and the design of instructional systems

120 linkages are then identified. These in turn are shown to have implications for the design of instructional systems which are intended to develop the ability of students to exercise executive control over their own productive activities, and eventually to become independent and fully self-monitoring.
Introduction
This article is about the nature and function of formative assessment in the development of expertise. It is relevant to a wide variety of instructional systems in which student outcomes are appraised qualitatively using multiple criteria. The focus is on judgments about the quality of studentts, how they are made, how they may be refined, and how they may be put to use in bringing about improvement. The article is prompted by two overlapping concerns. The first is with the lack of a general theory of feedback and formative assessment in complex learning settings. The second concern follows from the common but puzzling observation that even when teachers provide students with valid and reliable judgments about the quality of their work, improvement does not necessarily follow. Students often show little or no growth or development despite regular, accurate feedback. The concern itself is with whether some learners fail to acquire expertise because of specific deficiencies in the instructional system associated with formative assessment. The discussion begins with definitions of feedback, formative assessment and qualitative judgments. This is followed by an analysis of certain patterns in teacher-student assessment interactions. A number of causal and conditional

参考文献格式

文献引用格式1. 直接或间接引述某人的具体观点，须给出文献的页码；转述某人基本观点或仅提及其某文献，只需给出文献的出版年份。

2. 作者名字为英文或汉语拼音时，参引时仅标注其姓。

3．如某个作者在同一年发表/出版了多篇/本著述，在出版年份后加“a、b、c”等来区分。

4. 参引用夹注标示，其格式为：（作者名＋空格＋出版年份＋冒号＋页码）（注意：作者名之后不用标点）。

引用格式示例：（1）一般情况示例：（王刚1995：20）；王刚（1995：20）；（王刚1995：20、25）；（王刚1995：20－25）。

（2）同一中文著述如有两个作者，作者名之间用顿号连接：（王刚、张力1995：20）；如超过两人，第三人起不再列出，用“等”表示，如：（王刚、张力等1995：20）。

（3）同时参引一个作者两种以上的著述：（王刚1992，1995）；（王刚1995a，1995b）。

（4）同时参引不同作者的著述，中间用分号隔开：（王刚1995；张力、李涛2001：20）。

（5）同时标示著述首次发表/出版时间和所引用版本的出版时间，中间用斜杠隔开，引文的具体页码见所引用的版本，如：吕叔湘（1977/1983：137）。

（6）若引文中最后一句话为完整的句子，句号放在夹注前，否则放在夹注后，如：“……看来是一种虚幻的信念。

”（苏力2007：43）“……，最终导致交际的失败”（王刚1995：20）。

认知语言学认为（Lakoff & Johnson 1980: 115），“……”。

参考文献排列格式（一）共性要求1．“参考文献”四字统一用5号粗黑宋体标示，首字与正文左边对齐。

2．文中没有参引的著作或文章一律不列入参考文献。

3．中外文献分别排列，中文在前，外文在后；中文用小5号仿宋体，西文用相当字号的Times New Roman 字体。

4．文献条目用小5号阿拉伯数字（不加标点）顺序排列。

5．每一条目首行顶正文左边起头，换行时以顺序号为准缩进两格，即仍同篇目第一个字对齐。

曲面上的偏微分方程

曲面上的偏微分方程刘彦佩【摘要】旨在讨论三个不同形式的偏微分方程在一个整域扩张上解的存在性、唯一性以及求解使得所有系数皆正项有限和的一种方法．虽然这些方程都是在研究地图在曲面上一种同构分类时发现的，对相关的组合，或代数结构却有些普遍意义．%The purpose of this paper is to discuss the differential equations in three forms： surface no loop, surface no end and surface Euler for the well-definednes on the extension of integrate domain and their solutions in recursions of finite summations with positive terms. Although the foundation of these equations is established from counting the isomorphic classes for a variety of maps on surfaces, universal significance would be seen in a theory with a certain generality of combinatoric or algebraic configurations.【期刊名称】《玉林师范学院学报》【年(卷),期】2012(033)002【总页数】8页(P2-9)【关键词】曲面;地图;整域扩张;偏微分方程;Laurent级数【作者】刘彦佩【作者单位】北京交通大学数学研究所,北京100044【正文语种】中文【中图分类】O1571 引言本文作者自上世纪90年代中期开始，考虑一般根地图在曲面上的总和与度(即棱数)的关系，建立了一个常微分方程(参见Liu YP [4]，第268页的(8.5.10)式).它只是可定向的情形.但那时，不可定向的情形尚未完成.这种情形是2003年在刘彦佩[5](第209页的(9.62)式)中给出的.同时，在那本书中，还独立地给出了全部曲面上的情形(第213页的(9.72)式).当时竟完全没有想到这个方程与可定向情形的方程，只在一项中相差一个系数.它们都是Riccatti型的.在2008年出版的刘彦佩[6]中，开始出现偏微分方程.例如，用来刻划给定根顶点次和度的无自环根地图在曲面上的分类方程(即[6]中第211页的(8.4.8)式)和(即[6]中第213页的(8.4.17)式).用来刻划给定根顶点次和度的无端割根地图在曲面上的分类方程(即[6]中第180页的(7.5.12)式)和新近得到的以及，用来刻划给定根顶点次和度Euler根地图在曲面上的方程(即[6]中由§6.5提供的分解原理所导出)和新近得到的在以下的三节，就是提供上面三组偏微分方程的定性理论和解的确定.2 曲面无环型考虑关于二变元x和y的函数 f 所满足的方程：其中a∈R+，a≠0.当a=1时，(2.1)式就变成了(1.1)式.当a=2时，(2.1)式就变成了(1.2)式.因为(1.1)式和(1.2)式都与曲面上无环地图有关，方程(2.1)式被称为曲面无环型的.为下面推导方便，先将方程(2.1)式在整域扩张R{x，y}上，等价地变换成因为目的在于论证方程在R+{x,y}3R{x,y}中解的存在性，唯一性，以及求出解的一种单项，或正项和表示，可令由方程(2.1)式的始条件，从(2.3)式可知，对于n≥0若记Hn=Fn|x=1，n≥0，则由(2.3)式和(2.5)式，有对于n≥0，在(2.3)式—(2.6)式的基础上，由(2.2)式可得以及对于任何整数n≥4，引理2.1 对于任何整数n≥1，Fn是x的一个常数项为0的n次多项式.证明由(2.8)—(2.10)式，对于n=1，2和3，引理的结论为真.对于n≥4的情形，可以假设对于所有i:n>i≥1，Fi都是x的一个常数项为0的i次多项式.利用这个假设，往证i=n的情形.因为在(2.11)式中，等号的右端有一个因子x，Fn的常数项为0.令d为未定元x多项式的次.由(2.11)式，有从而，引理得证.根据引理2.1，可以将Fn表示为如下形式：其中Fi,n∈R，n≥i≥1.引理2.2 在(2.11)式中，多项式当，且仅当，Fn-1$0.证明由(2.12)式，有因为对于任何n≥i≥1，都有2(n-1)-i>0，即得引理的结论. 引理2.3 对于任何整数n≥1，Fn∈R+[x](即非负整系数以x为未定元多项式的集合).证明基于引理2.1—引理2.2和a∈R+，用数学归纳法，即可得所有Fi,n=∈R+.引理得证.定理2.4 方程(1.1)式在R+[x，y}中有，且仅有，一个解.证明令 fnl,2yn fnl=Fn，n≥1，由(2.7)—(2.11)式所确定.因为 fnl满足方程(2.2)式和方程(2.2)式与方程(2.1)式等价， fnl也是方程(2.1)式的一个解.由引理2.3，fnl∈R+[x，y}.从(2.7)式到(2.11)式的过程可以看出，在R+[x，y}中， fnl对于方程(2.1)式初值的唯一性.这个解在R+[x，y}中，是仅有的.定理2.5 方程(1.1)式在R+[x，y}中的解有如下的正项和递推表示：其中和，n-1≥i≥1证明由定理2.4和引理2.2的证明，经过整理，即可得(2.13)式.3 曲面无端型考虑关于二变元x和y的函数 f 所满足的方程：其中a∈R+，a≠0.当a=1时，(3.1)式就变成了(1.3)式.当a=2时，(3.1)式就变成了(1.4)式.因为(1.3)式和(1.4)式都与曲面上无端割地图有关，方程(3.1)式被称为曲面无端型的.通过在整域扩张R[x，y}中等价变换将方程(3.1)式变为令 f 由 Fn=[f]n= ∈R{x}，n≥0所确定.即由方程(3.1)式的始条件，从(3.3)式可知，对于n≥0记Hn=Fn|x=1，n≥0.由(3.5)式，有对于n≥0，在(3.4)式—(3.6)式的基础上，由(3.2)式可得y0:[f]0=1(在方程(3.2)式右端除常数项外都有因子y)；(3.7)y1:，用(3.5)—(3.6)式，以及对于任何整数n≥3，yn: ，用(3.5)—(3.6)式，引理3.1 对于任何整数n≥1，Fn是一个 x 最小次为2的2n次多项式.证明由(3.8)—(3.9)式，对于n=1和2，引理的结论为真.对于n≥3的情形，可以假设对于所有i:n>i≥1，Fi都是 x 最小次为2的2i次多项式.利用这个假设，往证i=n 的情形.因为在(3.10)式中，等号的右端有一个因子x2，Fn的常数项和一次项均为0.令d(p)为未定元 x 多项式 p 的次.由(3.10)式，有d(Fn)=2+d(Fn-1)，由归纳法假设，=2+2(n-1)=2n.从而，引理得证.基于这个引理，可以将Fn，n≥1表示如下形式：引理3.2 对于任何整数n≥1，证明由(3.11)式，因为对于i≥2，(1-x)|(1-xi-1)，就有第一个结论.因为对于i≥2，就有第二个结论.从这个引理的证明中，可以看出引理3.3 对于任何整数n≥1，Fn∈R+[x].证明因为x∈R+，在上面两个引理的基础上，从(3.11)式和归纳法原理可以看出，Fn∈R+[x)当，且仅当，(xHn-Fn)/(1-x)∈R+[x).由(3.13)式，即得欲证结论.定理3.4 方程(3.1)式在R+[x，y}中有，且仅有，一个解.证明令fnd,=Fn，n≥ 0，由(3.7)—(3.10)式所确定.因为 fnd 满足方程(3.2)式和方程(3.2)式与方程(3.1)式等价， fnd 也是方程(3.1)式的一个解.由引理3.3， fnl∈R+[x，y}.从(3.7)式到(3.10)式的过程可以看出，在R+[x，y}中， fnd 对于方程(3.1)式初值的唯一性.这个解在R+[x，y}中，是仅有的.定理3.5 方程(3.1)式在R+[x，y}中的解 fnd 有如下正项和递推表示式：对于n≥2，证明将(3.11)式和(3.13)式代入(3.10)式，经整理后，即可得(3.15)式.4 曲面Euler型考虑关于二变元x和y的函数 f 所满足的方程：其中a∈R+，a≠0.当a=1时，(4.1)式就变成了(1.5)式.当a=2时，(4.1)式就变成了(1.6)式.因为(1.5)式和(1.6)式都与曲面上Euler地图有关，方程(4.1)式被称为曲面Euler型的.将方程(4.1)式在R{x2,y}(在方程中只含x偶次幂!)3R{x,y}中变为等价形式令 f 由Fn=7fAn=!R"x2,，n≥0，所确定.即由方程(4.1)式的始条件，从(4.3)式可知，对于n≥0记Hn=Fn|x=1，n≥0.由(4.5)式，有对于任何n≥0，在(4.4)式—(4.6)式的基础上，由(4.2)式可得以及对于任何整数n≥3，引理4.1 对于任何整数n≥1，Fn是一个x最小次不小于2，不含奇次项的，2n 次多项式.证明因为在方程(4.1)式中只含x偶次幂，f不含x的奇次项.由(4.8)—(4.9)式，对于n=1和2，引理的结论为真.对于n≥3的情形，可以假设对于所有i:n>i≥1，Fi 都是x最小次为2不含x奇次项的2i次多项式.利用这个假设，往证i=n的情形.因为在(4.10)式中，等号的右端有一个因子x2，Fn的常数项和一次项为0.令d(p)为未定元x多项式p的次.由(4.10)式，有从而，引理得证.基于这个引理，可以将Fn，n≥1表示如下形式：引理4.2 对于任何整数n≥1，当，且仅当，Fn∈R+[x2].证明由(4.11)式，因为对于i≥1，(1-x2)|(1-x2i)，就有第一个结论.因为对于i≥1，这就导致第二个结论.从这个引理的证明中，可以看出引理4.3 对于任何整数n≥1，Fn∈R+[x2].证明因为a∈R+，在上面两个引理的基础上，从(4.10)式和归纳法原理可以看出，Fn∈R+[x2)当，且仅当，(Hn-Fn)/(1-x2)∈R+[x2).由(4.13)式，即得欲证结论.定理4.4 方程(4.1)式在R+[x,y}中有，且仅有，一个解.证明令feu,=Fn，n≥0，由(4.7)—(4.10)式所确定.因为 fnd满足方程(4.2)式和方程(4.2)式与方程(4.1)式等价，feu也是方程(4.1)式的一个解.由引理4.3，feu∈R+[x,y}.从(4.7)式到(4.10)式的过程可以看出，在R+[x,y}中，feu对于方程(4.1)式初值的唯一性.这个解在R+[x,y}中，是仅有的.定理4.5 方程(4.1)式在R+[x,y}中的解feu有如下正项和递推表示式：对于n≥2，其中对于2≤m≤n，证明将(4.11)式和(4.13)式代入(4.10)式，经整理后，即可得(4.15)式.5 几点说明5.1 本文的理论基础在于由专著[4]所系统化的无限集合的各种分解原则.那时主要针对球面上各式各样地图的分类.继之，将这些原则拓展得到可定向曲面上[6]，和进一步，所有（含可定向不可定向）曲面上[7].在那些书中，都是强调分析的方法，以求出相应函数的显式，特别是无和形式，或者正项和形式.这里则完全用代数的方法.5.2 为了便于理解，不致卷入复杂的计算，文中只讨论了两个变量函数所满足的偏微分方程.虽然原则上，不难推广到三个或以上变量函数的更一般情形，实则并不容易.5.3 也许还会联想，直接解这些方程，以得到无和形式，或者正项和形式.这方面的工作，可参考蔡俊亮等的文章，例如[1]，[2]，[3]等.5.4 有关在给定非平面小亏格曲面上的情形建议参考任韩等的文章，例如[8]，[9]，[10]，等.从理论上，可以将一般亏格的情形，归结到球面(即平面)上，带边缘的问题. ■【参考文献】[1]Cai JL,Liu YP, The enumeration of rooted nonseparable nearly cubic maps, Discrete Math., 207 (1999), 9-24.[2]Cai JL, Liu YP, The number of nearly 4-regular planar maps, Utilitas Math., 58 (2000), 243-254.[3]Cai JL,Liu YP, Enumeration on nonseparable planar maps,European J. Combin., 23 (2002), 881-889. 10[4]Liu YP, Enumerative Theory of Maps, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht/Boston/London; Science Press,Beijing/New York, 1999.[5]刘彦佩.组合地图进阶,北方交通大学出版社,北京,2003.[6]刘彦佩,数组合地图论(第二版),科学出版社,北京,2008.[7]Liu YP, General Theory of Map Census, Science Press,Beijing, 2009.[8]Ren H, Liu YP, On the number of regular maps on the projective plane, Utilitas Math.,56 (1999), 201-209.[9]Ren H, Liu YP, Enumerating near 4-regular maps on the sphere and the torus, Discrete Appl. Math., 110 (2001),273-288.[10]Ren H, Liu YP, The number of loopless 4-regular maps on the projective plane, J. Combin. Theory,B84 (2002), 84-99.。

《中国科学院院刊》参考文献着录格式及示例

《中国科学院院刊》参考文献著录格式及示例一、简要说明（1）本刊参考文献采用顺序编码制，各篇文献要按正文中引用的文献出现的先后顺序连续编码，并将序号置于方括号中，并在文后根据引文序号依次列出。

（2）多次引用同一著者的同一文献时，在正文中标注首次引用的文献序号，不应多次编号。

（3）每条文献中各项必须齐全，并要特别注意以下容易忽略的项目：论文集编者姓名、论文集书名、专著和论文集的出版城市及出版社、起止页码等。

（4）非正式出版物、互联网主页（网址）、数据库（网址）不作参考文献，放在正文中。

（5）每条文献各项信息之间均用“半角（英文）标点+空格”分隔，而每项信息内如出现标点则应与文种匹配，即中文内容用中文标点，西文内容用西文标点。

（6）西文人名一律“姓”全拼在前，“名”缩写在后，名缩写不加缩写点，姓、名中间加空。

“姓”首字母大写，其余小写；“名”只写大写首字母，两缩写名间加空。

外国人名中间有连字符的，照加，前空后不空；中国人名，中间一般不加连字符。

（7）引用多位作者合著的文章时，列前3位作者，加“等(et al)”。

（8）西文文章题目中，首词和专有名词的首字母大写，其余一律小写。

（9）西文刊名一般不缩写；如缩写须遵循ISO规范，不加缩写点且全篇所有文献均统一缩写。

（10）西文书名和论文集名中实词首字母一律大写，介词和连词为小写，但首词和4个字母以上的介词首字母应大写。

二、著录格式示例1 期刊论文序号作者. 题名. 刊名, 年, 卷(期): 起止页码.例:1 杨得庆, 隋允康, 刘正兴, 等. 应力和位移约束下连续体结构拓扑优化. 应用数学和力学, 2000, 21(1): 17-24.2 Kucheiko S, Choi J W, Kim H J, et al. Computer architecture a quantitative approach.Journal American Ceram. Soc., 1997, 80(11): 2937-2940.注意: 引用增刊论文时, 卷号后注明“(增刊)”“(Suppl)”等。

人工和工业机器人重复操作定位精度比较

计算机在生物学和医学的应用28（1998）415-421 人工和工业机器人重复操作定位精度比较Jure Zupancic*, Tadej Bajd卢布尔雅那大学电气工程学院，TrzÏasÏka 25, SI-1000 卢布尔雅那，斯洛文尼亚1997年12月8日摘要机器人重复定位精度性能所受的影响。

操作机器人的重量-有效载荷的比例要明显的高于人工操作。

支撑的使用提高了机器人的上述性能。

这个策略模仿了人工操作时的动作。

将机器人和操作人员在相同的条件下操作做一次比较。

通过OPTOTRAK®运动分析系统完成了非接触式重复定位精度测量的测试。

实验结果表明机器人和操作人员的定位精度在使用支撑后得到了相当大的改善。

关键词工业机器人，人为操作的重复性，标准，测量，支撑战略1介绍现代机器人中代替操作人员执行装配任务的机械手通常是按照人类的胳膊和手来设计的。

机械对应人工操作发展的主要目标是实现功能改善，如提高速度，增加有效载荷能力，提高定位精度和可重复性。

然而，当负载不超过3公斤时，经评估发现机器人的重量—有效载荷比是人类在相同操作情况下的10倍以上。

从技术和经济的角度来看这个比例的减少与机器人的效率密切相关。

提高这个比率的传统原则是引入更轻的材料，创建一个新的结构，设计新的执行器。

在特殊情况下，使用适当的支撑体能够增加机器人的绝对精度和可重复性。

支撑的方法是模仿人类在精细运动操作时的行为，以便能适应更高的精度和可重复性要求的需要。

操作员在进行精确的操作任务时往往会像工作时的钟表匠一样为他的前臂，手腕处，肘关节等找一支撑体。

同样道理也可以用在机器人身上。

除了一些估计，在人工和机器人的表现之间并没有明确的比较。

这次研究的目的是为了是机器人和人工操作者在有支撑和没有支撑的条件下作一个操作技术的比较。

2方法工业操作机器人的重复定位精度测试按照ISO 9283的标准进行测试。

语言学家黄正德教授的CV——CV写作范文

Curriculum VitaeWinter 2006PERSONALNAME: C.-T. James HuangADDRESS:Office: Department of LinguisticsHarvard University307 Boylston HallCambridge, MA 02138Tel: (617)-384-7843E-Mail: ctjhuang@WWW: /~ctjhuangEDUCATION(1) Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1978-82PhD in linguistics, 1982(2) National Taiwan Normal University, 1972-74M.A. in linguistics and English, 1974(3) National Taiwan Normal University, 1967-71B.A. in English literature and linguistics, 1971(4) University of Hawaii, summer 1977Summer session courses in linguistics, LSA Linguistic InstitutePOSITIONS HELDRegular Appointments:(1)July 1, 2001—presentHarvard UniversityProfessor of Linguistics(2) 1989-2002University of California, IrvineProfessor of Linguistics, 1989-2002Chair, Department of Linguistics, 1994-1999; 2000-2001UCI Chancellor’s Professor, 2000-2002(3) 1985-1991Cornell University, Ithaca, New YorkAssociate Professor of Linguistics, 1988-1991.Assistant Professor, 1985-1988.(4) 1983-1985National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, TaiwanAssistant Professor of LinguisticsNational Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, TaiwanAssistant Professor of Linguistics (adjunct appointment)(5) 1982-1983University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HawaiiAssistant Professor of Chinese Linguistics(6) 1976-78Fu Jen University, Taipei, TaiwanLecturer, Graduate School of Linguistics and the College of Foreign Languages.Short-Term Appointments:(1) Summer 2005Associate Director and Professor, 2005 LSA Linguistic InstituteDirector, 3rd Summer Institute of Chinese LinguisticsHarvard University and MIT(2) Summer 2003Visiting Professor, Linguistic Institute of the Linguistic Society of America,at Michigan State University(3) Summer 2000Visiting Faculty, 5th Australian Linguistic InstituteUniversity of Melbourne, Trinity College(4) 1997-1998Fellow, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral SciencesPalo Alto, California(5) Summer 1997Associate Director and Visiting Professor, LSA Linguistic Institute, Cornell University;Director, 2nd Summer Institute of Chinese Linguistics.(6) Summer 1996Visiting Professor, University of Girona, SpainGirona International Summer Institute in Linguistics(7) April 1991Visiting Professor, Université de Paris VII, Paris, France.(8) Summer 1991Visiting Professor, LSA Linguistic Institute, at UC Santa CruzDirector, First Summer Institute of Chinese Linguistics.(9) 1989 (full calendar year)John Simon Guggenheim Fellow.(10) Fall 1989Visiting Scientist, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, MIT.(11) Summer 1989Visiting Research Fellow, Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, Taipei.(12) Summer 1987Directeur d'Etudes Associe at the Centre de Recherches Linguistiques sur l'Asie Orientale, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, C.N.R.S., Paris France(13) Summer 1986Visiting Faculty, LSA Linguistic Institute, at CUNY Graduate Center.AWARDS AND HONORS(1)Appointed UCI Chancellor’s Professor, 2000-2002(2) Elected President, International Association of Chinese Linguistics, 2000-2001(3) Fellowship, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, 1997-98.(4) Senior Scholar Fellowship, Chiang Ching-Kuo Foundation for International ScholarlyExchange, 1996-1997.(5) Guggenheim Fellowship, John Simon Guggenheim Foundation, 1989 (calendar year).(6)Fulbright Fellowship, fall 1994 [declined]; and 1978-1982 [accepted](7) Linguistic Institute Fellowship, Linguistic Society of America, 1977.(8) (Honorary) Visiting Professor, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 2005-2008.(9) (Honorary) Visiting Research Fellow, Institute of Chinese Linguistics, Peking University,2006-2007.RESEARCH GRANTS(1)“The syntax of affected arguments,” research project funded by Chiang Ching-Kuofoundation, as co-PI (with Dylan Tsai and Shengli Feng). [NT$1,600,000](2)“3rd Summer Institute of Chinese Linguistics,” grant, from Chiang Ching-Kuo Foundationfor International Scholarly Exchange (Sole PI), 2004 (for use at the 2005 LinguisticInstitute). [$25,000](3)National Science Foundation Research Grant, 1998-2001, on Long-distance Reflexives.Co-PI (with Peter Cole and Gabriella Hermon). [$270,686 total](3) Senior Scholars Grant, Chiang Ching-Kuo Foundation, for project “Research and Writingon Chinese Syntax and Semantics,” 1996-1997. (Sole PI.) [$40,000](4) “2nd Summer Institute of Chinese Linguistics” grant, from Chiang Ching-Kuo Foundationfor International Scholarly Exchange (Sole PI.) [$25,000](5) National Science Foundation Research Grant, 1992-1996. Principles and parameters oflong-distance anaphora. Co-PI (with Peter Cole). Initial amount 1992-94: $42,000;renewed 1994-96: $87,000; supplement summer 1996 to support Research Experience forUndergraduates, $4,000. [Total $133,000](6) Research Grant, Chiang Ching-Kuo Foundation, 1993-1995. Functional categories andclause structure: cross-dialectal studies. (Sole PI.) [$27,000](7) “Summer Institute of Chinese Linguistics” grant (as Director of the Institute), from theChiang Ching-Kuo Foundation, spring 1990. (Sole PI.) [$30,000](8) Project grants, English-Chinese machine translation project (co-PI: Ke-yi Su), NationalTsing Hua University, 1985.PUBLICATIONSBooks(1) Hanyu Shengcheng Yufa [Chinese Generative Grammar], translated into Chinese byChunyan Ning, Fang Ho, and Dasan Zhang, Heilongjiang University Press, Harbin, 1983.(2) Logical Structure and Linguistic Structure: Cross-Linguistic Perspectives,ed. (with RobertMay), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.(3) New Horizons in Chinese Linguistics, ed. (with Y.-H. Audrey Li), Kluwer AcademicPublishers, 1996.(4) Logical Relations in Chinese and the Theory of Grammar, Garland Publishing, 1998.(5)Long Distance Reflexives, ed. (with Peter Cole and Gabriella Hermon), Syntax andSemantics 33, Academic Press, New York, 2001.(6) The Syntax of Chinese, book manuscript under revision, to be published by CambridgeUniversity Press (with Audrey Li and Yafei Li).Articles(7) “The metrical structure of terraced-level tones,” in John T. Jensen (ed.), CahiersLinguistiques d'Ottawa, Proceedings of the 10th conference of the North Eastern LinguisticSociety, 257-270, 1980.(8) “Move wh in a language without wh-movement,” The Linguistic Review 1, 369-416,1981/82. [Reprinted in Robert Freidin and Howard Lasnik (eds.) Syntax: Critical Concepts,by Routledge, pp. 397-440.](9) “On the representation of scope in Chinese,” Journal of Chinese Linguistics 11, 37-91,1983.(10) “A note on the binding theory,” Linguistic Inquiry 14, 554-561, 1983.(11) “LF, ECP, and non-vacuous quantification,” Proceedings of the First Cornell Conferenceon Government and Binding Theory, 109-126, 1983.(12) “Phrase structure, lexical integrity, and Chinese compounds,” Journal of the ChineseLanguage Teachers Association 19, 53-78, 1984.(13) “On the distribution and reference of empty pronouns,” Linguistic Inquiry 15, 531-574,1984.(14) “On the typology of zero anaphora,” Language Research 20, 85-105, 1984.(15) “On the analysis of verb-particle constructions,” Studies in English Literature andLinguistics 11, 101-114, 1985.(16) (With Yunhua Huang, Elvin Teng, and Robyne Tiedeman) “Zhongwen de zhaoying ci yuZhongwen jiaoxue [On the anaphor in Chinese and Chinese teaching],” Proceedings of theFirst World Conference on Chinese Language, Taipei, 205-221, 1985. [In Chinese](17) “On the autosegmental and metrical nature of tone-terracing,” in D. L. Goyvaerts (ed.),African Linguistics, John Benjamin, Amsterdam, 209-238, 1985.(18) “SASC: A syntactic analysis system for Chinese sentences,” International Journal ofComputer Processing of Chinese and Oriental Languages (co-authored with Longji Lin, K.J. Chen, and Linshan Lee), pp. 29-32, 1986.(19) “A Chinese natural language processing system based upon the theory of emptycategories,” Proceedings of 5th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence of theAmerican Association on Artificial Intelligence (co-authored with Longji Lin, K. J. Chen, and Linshan Lee), pp. 1059-1062, 1986.(20) “Remarks on empty categories in Chinese,” Linguistic Inquiry 18, 321-337, 1987.(21) “Existential sentences in Chinese and (in)definiteness,” in E. Reuland and A. ter Meulen(eds.), The Representation of (In)definiteness, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 226-253, 1987.(22) “Verb-Second in German and some Aux phenomena in Chinese,” in A. Bramkamp, et al.(eds.), Chinese-Western Encounter: Studies in Linguistics and Literature (Festschrift for Franz Giet, SVD, on the occasion of his 85th Birthday), Fu Jen University, Taipei, 1987. (23) “Remarks on the paper by Hasegawa,” in W. Hinds and M. Nakayama (eds.), Proceedingsof the Workshop on Japanese Syntax, Connecticut College, New London, Connecticut, pp.77-93, 1987.(24) “Hanyu zhengfan wenju de mozu yufa [A modular theory of A-not-A questions inChinese],” Zhongguo Yuwen 204, 247-264; also in Proceedings of the 2nd InternationalConference on Sinology, (December 1986, Academia Sinica, Taipei), pp. 679-704.(25) “Wo pao de kuai and Chinese phrase structure,” Language 64, 274-311, 1988.(26) “Pro drop in Chinese: a generalized control approach,” in O. Jaeggli and K. Safir (eds.), TheNull Subject Parameter. D. Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 185-214, 1989.(27) “The Syntax of wh-in-situ,” WCCFL VII (Proceedings of the 7th West Coast Conferenceon formal Linguistics), pp. 81-98, 1989. [With Robert Fiengo, Howard Lasnik and Tanya Reinhart.](28) “Shuo shi he you (on 'be' and 'have' in Chinese),” in Bulletin of the Institute of History andPhilology, Academia Sinica 59, 43-64, 1990.(29) “A Mandarin dictation machine based upon a hierarchical recognition approach andChinese natural language analysis, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and MachineIntelligence, 12.7, 695-704. [With Linshan Lee, Chiu-yu Tseng, K.-J. Chen, L.-J. Lin.](1990)(30) “On the local nature of the long distance reflexive in Chinese,” in J. Koster and E. Reuland(eds.), Long Distance Anaphora, pp. 263-282, Cambridge University Press, 1991.[Co-authored with Jane Tang](31) “Modularity and Chinese A-not-A Questions,” in C. Georgopoulos and R. Ishihara (eds.),Interdisciplinary Approaches to Linguistics: Essays in Honor of Yuki Kuroda, 305-332,Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.(32) “Remarks on the Status of the Null Object,” in R. Freidin (ed.), Principles and Parametersin Comparative Grammar, MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 56-76, 1991.(33) “Introduction,” in C.-T. James Huang and Robert May (eds.), Logical Structure andLinguistic Structure, pp. vii-xxviii, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. [Co-authored with Robert May.](34) “Zhongwen de liang-zhong jiwu dongci he liang-zhong bu jiwu dongci [two kinds oftransitive verbs and intransitive verbs],” in Proceedings of the 2nd World Congress ofChinese Language Studies, pp. 39-59, World Chinese Language Association, Taipei, 1991.(35) “Complex Predicates in Control,” in R. Larson, Utpal Lahiri, Sabine Iatridou, and J.Higginbotham (eds.), Control and Grammar, pp. 109-147, Kluwer Academic Publishers,Dordrecht, 1992.(36) “An Efficient Natural Language Processing System Specifically Designed for the ChineseLanguage,” Computational Linguistics 27, 347-374, 1992. [Co-authored with Longji Lin,Linshan Lee, Kejian Chen, and Leefeng Chien.](37) “Reconstruction and the Structure of VP: Some Theoretical Consequences,” LinguisticInquiry, 24, 103-138, 1993.(38) “Verb Movement and Some Syntax-Semantics Mismatches in Chinese,” ChineseLanguages and Linguistics 2, 587-613, 1994.(39) “Logical Form,” in G. Webelhuth (ed.), Government and Binding Theory and theMinimalist Program, Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 127-173, 1994.(40) “More on Chinese Word Order and Parametric Theory,” in Barbara Lust, John Whitman,Jaklin Kornfilt (eds.), Syntactic Theory and First Language Acquisition: CrosslinguisticPerspectives--Volume 1: Phrase Structure, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, New Jersey, pp. 15-35, 1994.(41) “On the Argument Structure of Resultative Compounds,” in Matthew Chen and Ovid Tzeng(eds.), In Honor of William Wang: Interdisciplinary Studies on Language and LanguageChange, Pyramid Press, Taipei, pp. 187-221, 1995. [With Lisa Cheng](42) “Generative Studies in Chinese syntax,” in C.-T. James Huang and Audrey Li (eds.), NewHorizons in Chinese Linguistics, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 49-96, 1996.(43) “Introduction,” in C.-T. James Huang and Audrey Li (eds.), New Horizons in ChineseLinguistics, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 1-20, 1996. [With Audrey Li] (44) “Two Types of Donkey Sentences,” Natural Language Semantics 4, 121-163, 1996. [WithLisa Cheng](45) “On Lexical Structure and Syntactic Projection,” Chinese Languages and Linguistics 3,45-89, 1997.(46) "Causative Compounds Across Chinese Dialects: A Study of Cantonese, Mandarin andTaiwanese," Chinese Languages and Linguistics 4, 199-224, 1997. [With Lisa Cheng,Audrey Li, and Jane Tang](47) “Hoo, hoo, hoo: syntax of the causative, dative, and passive constructions in Taiwanese,” inPang-Hsin Ting (ed.), Contemporary Studies on the Min Dialects, Journal of ChineseLinguistics Monograph 14, pp. 146-203, 1999. [With Lisa Cheng, Audrey Li, and Jane Tang](48) “Negative particle questions,” in James Black and Virginia Motapanyane (eds.)Microparametric Syntax and Dialect Variation, Current Issues in Linguistic Theory 139.John Benjamins, Amsterdam, pp. 41-78, 1997. [With Lisa Cheng and Jane Tang](49) “Negative particle questions: a dialectal perspective,” in Chaofen Sun (ed.), Studies on theHistory of Chinese Syntax, JCL Monograph 10, pp. 65-112, 1997. [With Lisa Cheng andJane Tang](50) “Chinese Passives in Comparative Perspective,” Tsing Hua Journal of Chinese Studies 29,423-509, 1999.(51) “Logophoricity, Attitudes and ziji at the Interface,” in Peter Cole, et al. (eds.), LongDistance Reflexives, Syntax and Semantics 33, 141-195, Academic Press, New York, 2001.[With Luther Liu](52)“Long Distance Reflexives: the State of the Art,” in Peter Cole, et al (eds.), Long DistanceReflexives, Syntax and Semantics 33, 141-195, Academic Press, New York. [With PeterCole and Gabriella Hermon], 2001.(53) “Distributivity and Reflexivity,” in Sze-Wing Tang and Luther Liu (eds.) On the FormalWay to Chinese Languages, CSLI and Cambridge University Press, 2002; also in NobukoHasegawa (ed.), Proceedings of the Center of Excellence International Symposium, KandaUniversity, Japan, 2001.(54) “Movement Theory and Constraints in Syntax,” in Neil Smelser and Paul Baltes (eds.)International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2002.(55)“The Distribution of Negative NPs and Some Typological Correlates,” in Andrew Simpsonet al (eds.) Functional Structure(s), Form and Interpretation, Routledge (Taylor andFrancis), 2003.(56) “Syntax of the Hell,” NELS 34, Proceedings of the 34th Conference of the North EasternLinguistic Society, 2004. [With Masao Ochi](57) “Long-Distance Reflexives: an East Asian Perspective,” in SYNCOM, BlackwellPublishers, 2006. [With Peter Cole and Gaby Hermon)](58)“ta de laoshi dang de hao,” in Essays commemorating Professor Lü Shuxiang, to bepublished by Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. “ ”(59)“Resultatives and unaccusatives: a parametric view,” Bulletin of the Chinese LinguisticSociety of Japan 253:1-43, 2006.(60)“Hanyu shu+liang+ming geshi de laiyuan,” Zhongguo Yuwen 314:387-400, 2006. [“‘ + + ’ ,” 314:387-400, 2006.] [with 吴福祥 & 馮勝利](61)“Hanyu dongci de tiyuan jiegou yu qi jufa biaoxian,” [The thematic structures of verbs inChinese and their syntactic projection]. to be published by the Commercial Press, Beijing.［漢語動詞的題元結構與其句法錶現，商務印書館，待刊］INVITED LECTURES AND CONFERENCE PAPERS(1) “Against particle movement,” paper presented at the 1977 annual meeting of the LinguisticSociety of America, Chicago, winter 1977.(2) “The metrical structure of terraced-level tones,” paper presented at the 10th annual meetingof the North Eastern Linguistic Society, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, fall 1979.(3) “Chinese relativization and subject pronoun drop,” paper presented at the InternationalConference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics, Charlottesville, West Virginia, fall 1980.(4) “On the representation of scope in Chinese,” paper presented at the 1981 LSA annualmeeting, New York, winter 1981.(5) “LF, ECP, and non-vacuous quantification,” paper presented at the First CornellConference on Governing and Binding Theory, summer 1982.(6) “Small pro, control, and the functional determination of empty categories,” paper presentedat the 2nd West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, USC, spring 1983.(7) “On the distribution and reference of empty pronouns,” guest lecture, M.I.T., spring 1983.(8) “Reanalysis: lexicalization, ionization, or parallel structure?” guest lecture, University ofArizona, Tuscon, fall 1983.(9) “Approaches to asymmetries in syntax,” guest lecture, University of Arizona, Tucson, fall1983.(10) “Phrase structure, lexical integrity, and Chinese compounds,” paper presented at the annualconference of the Association of Asian Studies, San Francisco, spring 1983.(11) “On the origin of certain phrase structure properties in Chinese,” invited lecture,Conference on Phrase Structure, 1983 Linguistic Institute, UCLA, summer 1983.(12) “On the distribution and reference of empty pronouns,” guest lecture, U.S.C., fall 1983.(13) “X-bar theory and Chinese word order,” guest lecture, U.S.C., fall 1983.(14) “Chinese verbal syntax and verb compounds,” invited lecture, the First USC Conference onEast Asian Languages, fall 1983.(15) “ECP, CED, paths, and connectedness,” colloquium lecture, University of California atIrvine, fall 1983.(16) “On the typology of zero anaphora,” forum lecture, 17th Language Research Conference,Seoul National University, Korea, winter 1983.(17) “Asymmetries in extraction in the Government and Binding theory,” invited lecture, 17thLanguage Research Conference, Seoul National University, winter 1983.(18) “On the biological view of language,” forum lecture, National Sun Yat-Sen University,Kaohsiung, Taiwan, spring 1984.(19) “On the biological view of language,” forum lecture, National Central University, Chungli,Taiwan, spring 1984.(20) “Chinese generative grammar and Chinese sentence parsing,” colloquium lecture, Instituteof Information Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, fall 1984.(21) “Definiteness effects in Chinese,” invited lecture, the 5th Groningen Round Table,Groningen, summer 1984.(22) “On the Chinese anaphor,” paper presented (with Yunhua Huang, Elvin Teng, and RobyneTiedeman) at the 1st World Conference on Chinese Language and Language Teaching,Taipei, winter 1984.(23) “Comments on the paper by Senlin Lin,” discussion presented at the National Conferenceon English Linguistics and Language Teaching, National Kaohsiung Teachers' College,Kaohsiung, Taiwan, spring 1985.(24) “Remarks on control and pro drop,” guest lecture, University of Wisconsin at Madison, fall1985.(25) “On certain approaches to syntactic asymmetries,” guest lecture, University of Illinois,Urbana-Champaign, fall 1985.(26) “Towards a theory of generalized control,” paper presented at the Princeton Workshop onComparative Grammar, Princeton University, fall 1985.(27) “Towards a theory of generalized control,” presented at the Conference on Language andCommunication, Syracuse University, fall 1985.(28) “Wo pao de kuai and Chinese phrase structure,” guest lecture, M.I.T., spring 1986.(29) “Pro drop in Chinese and the identification of empty categories,” guest lecture, Universityof Connecticut, Storrs, spring 1986.(30) “Remarks on control and pro drop,” guest lecture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst,spring 1986.(31) “Wo pao de kuai and Chinese phrase structure,” guest lecture, UCLA, spring 1986.(32) “The structure of VP complements in Chinese,” paper presented at the InternationalConference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics, University of Ohio, Columbus, fall 1986.(33) “A modular theory of Chinese A-not-A questions,” paper presented at the 2nd InternationalConference on Sinology, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, winter 1986.(34) “Resultative clauses: complements or predicates?,” guest lecture, National Tsing HuaUniversity, winter 1986.(35) “A modular theory of Chinese A-not-A questions,” paper presented at the Workshop onChinese Linguistics, Connecticut College, spring 1987.(36) “Comments on Hasegawa's paper on Japanese zero-pronominals,” presented at theWorkshop on Japanese Linguistics, spring 1987.(37) “Chinese reflexives: logophoricity vs. anaphoricity,” invited lecture, Groningen Workshopon Long-Distance Anaphora, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, Holland, summer 1987.(38) “The syntax of wh-in-situ,” guest lecture, Centre de Recherches Linguistiques sur l'AsieOrientale, C.N.R.S., Paris, summer 1987.(39) “Chinese anaphora,” guest lecture, Centre de Recherches Linguistiques sur l'Asie Orientale,C.N.R.S., Paris, summer 1987.(40) “The structure of Chinese causative constructions and other related matters,” guest lecture,Centre de Recherches Linguistiques sur l'Asie Orientale, C.N.R.S., Paris, summer 1987.(41) “A-not-A questions in Chinese,” guest lecture, Centre de Recherches Linguistiques surl'Asie Orientale, C.N.R.S., Paris, summer 1987.(42) “More on the marriage of syntax and semantics,” guest lecture, Department of Linguistics,U.S.C., fall 1987.(43) “Modularity and syntactic explanation,” public lecture sponsored by the Department ofLinguistics and the Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures, U.S.C., fall 1987.(44) “Wh-in-situ and bounding in LF,” paper presented with R. Fiengo, H. Lasnik and T.Reinhart at WCCFL VII (Irvine, February 1988) and GLOW (Budapest, March 1988). (45) “Comments on Lasnik's paper,” presented at the Workshop on Events and ThematicStructure, Cognitive Studies Program, Cornell University, May 1988.(46) University of Washington, Seattle. (Colloquium lecture jointly sponsored by theDepartment of Linguistics and the Department of East Asian Languages and Literature,February 1988.)(47) University of Arizona, Tucson. (Colloquium lecture sponsored by the Department ofLinguistics, April 1988.)(48) University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. (Colloquium lecture sponsored by theDepartment of Linguistics, April 1988.)(49) Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. (Invited talk at the 3rd OSU Conference onChinese Linguistics, May 1988.)(50) University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois. (Colloquium lecture at the Department ofLinguistics, May 1988.)(51) “The local nature of the long-distance reflexive in Chinese,” paper presented at the 19thNELS Conference, November 1988. (co-authored with Jane Tang)(52) “Zhongwen de liang-zhong jiwu dongci yu liang-zhong bu jiwu dongci (Two kinds oftransitive verbs and intransitive verbs in Chinese),” paper to be presented at the 2ndInternational Conference on Chinese Language Research and Teaching, Taipei.(53) Invited lecture. State University of New York at Stony Brook. Department of Linguistics,October 1988.(54) Invited lecture. Yale University, New Haven. Department of Linguistics, October 1988.(55) Invited lecture. McGill University, Montreal. Department of Linguistics, November 1988.(56) Invited lecture. Université du Quebec a Montreal. Department of Linguistics, November1988.(57) “Complex predicates in generalized control,” paper presented at the MIT ControlWorkshop, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, March 1989.(58) “On the verb-complement construction in Chinese and the concept of complex predicates,”talk presented at the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, summer 1989.(59) “Reconstruction, the A/A' Distinction, and the Internal Subject Hypothesis,” invited lectureat the University of California at Santa Cruz, spring 1990.(60) “Reconstruction, the A/A' Distinction, and the Internal Subject Hypothesis,” paperpresented at the 2nd Northeast Conference on Chinese Linguistics, University ofPennsylvania, spring 1990.(61)- 3-Day Lecture Series on Grammatical Theory, Tokyo Linguistic Forum, Otsuma Women's(63) University, Tokyo, August 1990.(64) “Reconstruction and the Structure of VP: Some Theoretical Consequences,” paperpresented at NELS 21 at UQAM, October 1990.(65)- Series of 3 lectures on grammatical theory and Chinese syntax, Université de Paris VII.(67) Spring, 1991.(68) “On Some Reconstruction Effects and their Theoretical Implications,” invited talk at theUniversity of Geneva, April 1991.(69)- “Theoretical Issues in Chinese Syntax,” Series of 8 lectures at the LSA Linguistic Institute,(76) University of California at Santa Cruz, Summer 1991.(77) “Recent Advances in the Generative Studies of Chinese Syntax,” Chinese LinguisticsLecture Series: State of the Art, 1991 Linguistic Institute of the LSA, July 1991, UC Santa Cruz (with Audrey Li).(78) “Verb Movement and Some Syntax-Semantics Mismatches in Chinese,” paper presented at2nd International Symposium on Chinese and Languages and Linguistics, Taipei, Taiwan, August 1991.(79) “On Verb Movement, Definiteness, and the Thematic Hierarchy,” invited lecture, 17thMinnesota Conference on Language and Linguistics, in celebration of the 25th anniversary of the Department of Linguistics, University of Minnesota, October 1991.(80) “Lexical Structure and Syntactic Projection,” invited lecture, Arizona LinguisticsConference, University of Arizona, March 1992.(81) “Phrase Structure and Argument Structure: Untying the Knot in Chinese VP Structure,”presented at the Symposium on Syntactic Theory and First Language Acquisition:Cross-Linguistic Perspectives, Cornell University, April 1992.(82) “More on Chinese Word Order,” invited lecture, 1st International Conference on ChineseLinguistics, Singapore, June 1992.(83) “Lexical Structure and Syntactic Projection,” invited lecture, 3rd International Symposiumof Chinese Languages and Linguistics, Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, July 1992.(84) “The Structure of Event Sentences and the Light Verb Construction,” guest lecture, DokkyoUniversity, Tokyo, Japan, July 1992.(85) “The Structure of Event Sentences and the Light Verb Construction,” guest lecture, OsakaUniversity, Osaka, Japan, July 1992.(86) “Two Types of Donkey Sentences,” paper presented at NACCL-5, the 5th North AmericanConference on Chinese Linguistics, University of Delaware, May, 1993. [Co-authored with Lisa Cheng.](87) “Argument Structure Theory and Resultative Compounds,” paper presented at ICCL-2, 2ndInternational Conference on Chinese Linguistics, CRLAO and Université Paris VII, June23-25, 1993. (Co-authored with Lisa Cheng]。

《中国社会科学》关于引文注释的规定

《中国社会科学》关于引文注释的规定《中国社会科学》的引文出处均采用页下注(脚注).作者投稿请遵照以下标注格式.一、非连续出版物(一)普通图书(1)著作标注顺序:责任者/著作名/出版者/出版年/页码茅盾:《神话研究》,百花文艺出版社,1981年,第14页.刘少奇:《论共产党员的修养》(修订2版),人民出版社,1962年,第76页.许毅等:《清代外债史论》,中国财政经济出版社,1996年,第95页.参见恩格斯《自然辩证法》,人民出版社,1971年,第21页.任继愈主编《中国哲学发展史(先秦)》,人民出版社,1983年,第25页.黑格尔:《逻辑学》上卷,杨一之译,商务印书馆,1977年,第30-35页.谢兴尧整理《荣庆日记》,西北大学出版社,1986年,第175页.(2)析出文献标注顺序:著者/析出篇名/文集编者/文集题名/出版者/出版年/页码杜威·佛克马:《走向新世界主义》,王宁、薛晓源编《全球化与后殖民批评》,中央编译出版社,1999年,第247-266页.范文澜:《论中国封建社会长期延续的原因》,《范文澜历史论文选集》,中国社会科学出版社,1979年,第41页.李鹏程《序言》,《当代文化哲学沉思》,人民出版社,1994年,第2页.《马克思恩格斯选集》第2卷,人民出版社,1972年,第169、170页.(二)古籍(1)古籍一般应标注责任者、书名、卷次或责任者、篇名、部类名、卷次、版本王夫之:《周易外传》卷5.杨时:《陆少卿墓志铭》,《龟山集》卷34,《四库全书》本.(2)如果需要,作者前也可标注朝代名[晋]慧远:《沙门不敬王者论》,《弘明集》卷5.(3)常用古籍可不注编撰者和版本《孟子·公孙丑上》.《史记》卷25《李斯列传》.二、连续出版物中析出文献(一)期刊标注顺序:著者/篇名/期刊名/年期何龄修:《读顾城〈南明史〉》,《中国史研究》1998年第3期.周荫棠:《为读一部史书运动进一解》,《斯文》第2卷第4期(1941年12月1日).(二)报纸标注顺序:著者/篇名/报纸名称出版年月日周扬:《三次伟大的思想解放运动》,《人民日报》1979年5月7日.《晨报》1924年7月2日.三、未刊文献标注顺序:文献标题(用双引号)/时间/藏所/编号“傅良佐致国务院电”,1917年9月15日,中国第二历史档案馆藏,北洋档案1011-5961.“陈云致王明信”,1937年5月16日,莫斯科俄罗斯当代文献保管与研究中心藏,495/74/290.陈序经:“文化论丛”手稿,南开大学图书馆藏.四、外文文献引证外文文献,原则上应以该文种通行的引证标注为准.引证英文文献的标注方式:责任者(作者)姓氏在前,名字在后,中间用逗号隔开；析出文献题名用双引号括起,出版物名称用斜体；引文在原书跨页的,页码间用连接号(如“pp.3-4”),引文散见两页以上,页码间用逗号(如“pp.5,8,10”)；注释中纯系英文,句末用句点,如中英文混用,句末用中文句号. 如:Basar,T.Olsder,G.J.,Dyanmic Noncooperative Game Theory,New York:Academic Press,1982,p.123.Polo,M.,TheTravelsofMarcoPolo.TranslatedbyWilliamMarsden,Hertfordshire:CunberlandHouse,1997.Daily,G.,Ehrlich,P.,PolulationExtinctionandtheBiodiversityCrisis, "inPerrings,C.,Maler,K.-G.,Lolke,C.,Holling,C.,Jansson,B.-O.(eds.),BiodiversityConservation.Dordrecht:KluwerAcademicPublishers, 1995,pp.45-56.五、文后参考文献文后参考文献是在学术研究过程中,对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴.征引过的文献在注释中已注明,不再出现于文后参考文献中.(1)文后参考文献不编序号,仅在文末按其重要程度或参考的先后顺序排列.(2)文后参考文献不注页码.(3)文后参考文献的著录项目及次序与注释基本相同.如:吕叔湘、朱德熙:《语法修辞讲话》，中国青年出版社，1979年。

暨南大学法学院本科生毕业论文格式规范

暨南大学法学院本科生毕业论文格式规范为了统一规范本科学位论文的撰写、编辑、印刷，便于论文处理、储存、检索、利用、交流，特对学位论文的格式提出如下统一要求：一、学位论文结构二、学位论文的基本格式（一）卷首部分1．封面（及封底）：由学校统一印制、发放，学生在学院教科办领取，封面信息不可以出现手写字体，务必打印。

其中论文题目应在25字以内，能简明、具体、确切地表达论文的特定内容。

学生个人信息及指导教师信息务必准确填写。

2．诚信声明：作者签字及时间，务必本人手签，不要使用签章或他人代签。

3. 中英文摘要(Abstract)、关键词(Keywords)：中文、英文摘要分两页书写。

摘要以400字内为佳。

摘要是对学位论文内容不加注释和评论的简述。

它应使人不阅读学位论文全文即可获得全文的主要信息和结论，是一篇完整的短文，可以独立使用。

论文摘要应说明研究工作的目的、方法、成果和结论。

要突出本文的新见解和研究工作的创新点。

关键词一般3至8个，应采用能覆盖论文主要内容的通用标准词条，按词条的外延层次从大到小排列，并另起一行，排在摘要下方。

4．目录：由论文的章节以及附录、参考文献等序号、题名和页码组成。

不要手打内容，请用Word文档目录生成。

（二）主体部分1．绪论（或前言）：通常是该研究内容所涉及的研究领域研究进展的综述。

主要说明研究工作的目的、涉及范围、相关领域的前人研究成果、研究设想、研究方法和实际的概述、理论意义和实际价值。

2．正文：是学位论文的核心部分，占主要篇幅。

对这部分内容和形式不作统一规定，学生可以根据具体情况灵活掌握，可分成若干章节表述。

总体要求要实事求是，内容翔实，合乎逻辑，层次分明，语言简练。

3．结论：是学位论文最终和总体的结论，是整篇论文的精华与总结。

结论应该简练、完整、准确。

着重阐述自己研究的创造性成果，新的见解、发现和发展，以及在本研究领域中的地位和作用、价值和意义。

还可以进一步提出需要讨论的问题和今后努力的方向。

研究背景概述

第一节研究背景概述一、研究目标德国职业教育的科学研究，正如其职业教育对经济的推动力一样，举世瞩目并始终处于世界领先地位。

如果说德国经济腾飞的秘密武器是德国双元制职业教育，那么制造这些秘密武器的是德国高水平的职业教育师资队伍，而促进德国职业教育师资培养的理论基础——职业教育学的发展、改革与创新的，则是德国职业教育的科学研究。

在诞生了像黑格尔、康德等世界著名的哲学大家以及马克思、恩格斯这样伟大的科学社会主义创始人的德国，其思辨的传统对职业教育的科学研究产生了极大影响。

正是在这思辨的土壤中，产生了许多极具职业教育特色的理论成果，凸现了职业教育自身的规律。

纵观当今世界，只有德语文化圈国家（德国、奥地利、瑞士）将职业教育学作为大学的一门独立学科，集中了大批专门从事职业教育学研究的专家学者，建立了高水平的研究机构，将自洪堡大学开始的教学与科研结合的大学功能发挥得淋漓尽致，既培养了大批高水平的职业教育的师资，又取得了许多具有国际影响力的职业教育科研成果。

在包括著名的亚琛工业大学、柏林技术大学、达姆施答特技术大学、慕尼黑大学、汉堡大学、洪堡大学等24所研究型大学里，建立了职业教育师资培养机构及相应的职业教育研究所，为德国职业学校和企业职业教育的发展与创新，提供了强有力的理论支撑。

自20世纪80年代开始，在以信息化为主要特征的人类社会走向知识社会的进程中，基于技术进步及由此引起的世界性的经济结构的调整和劳动组织的变化，职业教育如何面对挑战并如何发现挑战中所蕴含的机遇，德国给出了积极的答案。

在近二十多年的时间里，出现了一些全新的理论，指导了德国职业教育发展与改革的实践，并取得了令人瞩目的成果，受到世界的广泛关注和认可。

美国国家职业教育研究中心主任施逖安（Stean）曾表示：在职业教育研究方面，德国是发达国家，我们（英语国家）是发展中国家施逖安与德国不来梅大学技术与教育研究所原所长劳耐尔教授的谈话。

荷兰Twente大学教育学教授奈霍夫（Nijhof）也指出，“德语文化圈之外的国家，几乎没有研究职业教育与培训的传统。

Kluwer Academic Publishers

The following (1.1) is the trace (Koopmans-Beckmann 25]) formulation of the QAP (see e.g. 30, 31] for various formulations and many useful applications), where the variable X is a permutation matrix and e is the vector of ones. As a model for facility location problems, where there are n facilities (locations), the matrix B represents distances between locations, the matrix A represents ows between facilities, and the matrix C represents xed costs. We use the fact that assignment problems can be modelled using permutation matrices, and permutation matrices are 0,1 matrices with row and column sums 1. This formulation
Diag (v) the diagonal matrix formed from the vector v
diag (M) the vector of the diagonal elements of the matrix M
E the matrix of ones
e the vector of ones

【2017年整理】《中国社会科学》注释规范

《中国社会科学》关于引文注释的规定《中国社会科学》的引文出处均采用页下注(脚注)。

作者投稿请遵照以下标注格式。

一、非连续出版物㈠普通图书⑴著作标注顺序：责任者／著作名／出版者／出版年／页码茅盾：《神话研究》，百花文艺出版社，1981年，第14页。

刘少奇：《论共产党员的修养》（2版修订本），人民出版社，1962年，第76页。

许毅等：《清代外债史论》，中国财政经济出版社，1996年，第95页。

任继愈主编《中国哲学发展史（先秦卷）》，人民出版社，1983年，第25页。

黑格尔：《逻辑学》上卷，杨一之译，商务印书馆，1977年，第30-35页。

谢兴尧整理《荣庆日记》，西北大学出版社，1986年，第175页。

参见恩格斯《自然辩证法》(人民出版社，1971年)第21页。

⑵析出文献标注顺序：著者／析出篇名／文集编者／文集题名／出版者／出版年／页码杜威〃佛克马：《走向新世界主义》，王宁、薛晓源编《全球化与后殖民批评》，中央编译出版社，1999年，第247-266页。

范文澜：《论中国封建社会长期延续的原因》，《范文澜历史论文选集》，中国社会科学出版社，1979年，第41页。

李鹏程《序言》，《当代文化哲学沉思》，人民出版社，1994年，第2页。

《马克思恩格斯选集》第２卷，人民出版社，1972年，第169、170页。

㈡古籍⑴古籍一般应标注责任者、书名、卷次或责任者、篇名、部类名、卷次、版本王夫之：《周易外传》卷5。

杨时：《陆少卿墓志铭》，《龟山集》卷34，《四库全书》本。

⑵如果需要，作者前也可标注朝代名[晋]慧远：《沙门不敬王者论》，《弘明集》卷5。

⑶常用古籍可不注编撰者和版本《孟子〃公孙丑上》。

《史记》卷25《李斯列传》。

二、连续出版物中析出文献㈠期刊标注顺序：著者／篇名／期刊名／年期何龄修：《读顾城〈南明史〉》，《中国史研究》1998年第3期。

周荫棠：《为读一部史书运动进一解》，《斯文》第2卷第4期（1941年12月1日）。

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'Description and application of the EAP computer program for calculating life-cycle energy use and greenhouse gas emissions of household consumption items'. International Journal of Environment and Pollution15 (2) 171-182.Bentzen J, 2004. 'Estimating the rebound effect in US manufacturing energy consumption'. Energy Economics26 (1) 123-134.Berg S, 1995. 'The environmental load of fossil fuels in Swedish forestry: an inventory for a LCA'. In: Frühwald A and Solberg B (Editors), Life-cycle analysis: a challenge for forestry and forest industry, pp. 57-65. European Forest Institute (EFI), Joensuu.Berglund C, Soderholm P, and Nilsson M, 2002. 'A note on inter-country differences in waste paper recovery and utilization'. Resources, Conservation and Recycling34 (3) 175-191.Berndes G, Hoogwijk M, and van den Broek R, 2003. 'The contribution of biomass in the future global energy supply: a review of 17 studies'. Biomass & Bioenergy25 1-28.Bhagwati J, 2004. 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