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浙江省91高中联盟2023-2024学年高一下学期4月期中考试语文

浙江省91高中联盟2023-2024学年高一下学期4月期中考试语文

20232024学年第二学期浙江省9+1高中联盟高一年级期中考试语文考生须知:1.本卷满分150分,考试时间150分钟;2.答题前,在答题卷指定区域填写班级、姓名、考场、座位号及准考证号并核对条形码信息;3.所有答案必须写在答题卷上,写在试卷上无效,考试结束后,只需上交答题卷;4.参加联批学校的学生可关注公众号查询个人成绩分析。

一、现代文阅读(26分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共3小题,10分)阅读下面的文字,完成13题.①以幸福为目的,就要考虑实现这一目的的途径。

就好比要到达某个地方,必须找到通往那地方的道路。

但道路从来不是一段现成地摆在那里等待穿过的距离,而是各种主客观条件的综合。

比如要登华山顶峰,体能足够且时间充裕的人,可以拾级而上;平时缺少锻炼又没有足够时间的人,则更倾向于缆车上下。

由此看来,通向某一目的的道路,其实就是达成这一目的的条件。

那么,实现幸福的条件是什么呢?②有关幸福的思考,在一个功利主义盛行的时代,首先要反对的是将幸福等同于外在物质条件的总和。

抽空了精神的空洞的物质,我们得不到真正的幸福。

当然也要反对另一个极端:以为幸福只是主观的心境,与外在的物质生活条件无关。

剥离了物质的空洞的精神,同样是抽象和虚幻的。

③关于幸福,孔子有这样一段朴素的论述:“饭疏食,饮水,曲肱而枕之,乐亦在其中矣。

不义而富且贵,于我如浮云。

”这里,孔子明确指出了构成幸福之必要条件的最低物质基础。

孔子在对颜子之乐的肯定中,也从侧面提及了这一最低限度的物质基础:“贤哉,回也!一箪食,一瓢饮,在陋巷。

人不堪其忧,回也不改其乐。

贤哉,回也!”④孔子显然不能认同那种认为幸福完全取决于主观心境的观点。

在最基本的物质生活条件都阙如的情况下,侈谈幸福是不真实的。

对比几种关于孔子厄于陈蔡的经历的记载,我们可以看出《论语》中所谈道理的朴素和具体:“在陈绝粮,从者病,莫能兴。

子路愠见曰:‘君子亦有穷乎?’子曰:‘君子固穷,小人穷斯滥矣。

高一下学期期中数学试卷及答案(共3套)

高一下学期期中数学试卷及答案(共3套)

第二学期期中考试高一年级数学试题卷本试卷共22小题,满分150分.考试用时120分钟.注意事项:1.答卷前,考生先检查试卷与答题卷是否整洁无缺损,并用黑色字迹的签字笔在答题卷指定位置填写自己的班级、姓名、学号和座位号。

2.选择题每小题选出答案后,请将答案填写在答题卷上对应的题目序号后,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案,答案不能答在试卷上。

不按要求填涂的,答案无效。

3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卷各题目指定区域内相应位置上,请注意每题答题空间,预先合理安排;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4.考生必须保持答题卷的整洁,考试结束后,将答题卷交回。

一、选择题:本大题共12小题,每小题5分,满分60分.1.设(1,2)a =-,(3,4)b =-,(3,2)=c ,则(2)a b c +⋅=(A )(15,12)- (B )0 (C )3- (D )11- 2.已知向量()3,1a =,向量(),3b =-x ,且a b ⊥,则x = (A )-3(B )-1(C )1 (D )33.已知向量a 和b 满足212-=⋅b a ,4=a ,a 和b 的夹角为︒135,则b 为 (A )12 (B )3(C )6(D )334.已知四边形ABCD 的三个顶点(02)A ,,(12)B --,,(31)C ,,且2BC AD =,则顶点D 的坐标为 (A )722⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭,(B )122⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭, (C )(32), (D )(13),5.单位向量a 和b 的夹角为π3,则 ||-a b =(A (B )1 (C (D )26.在直角梯形ABCD 中,已知BC ∥AD ,AB AD ⊥,4AB =,2BC =,4AD =,若P 为CD 的中点,则PA PB ⋅的值为(A )5- (B )4- (C )4 (D )5 7.︒︒+︒︒313sin 253sin 223sin 163sin 等于 (A )21-(B )21 (C )23- (D )238.函数2π2cos 14y x ⎛⎫=-- ⎪⎝⎭是 (A )最小正周期为π的奇函数 (B )最小正周期为π的偶函数 (C )最小正周期为2π的奇函数 (D )最小正周期为2π的偶函数 9.设()πsin 26f x x ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭,则()f x 的图象的一条对称轴的方程是(A )π9x =(B )π6x =(C )π3x =(D )π2x =10.把函数()sin y x x R =∈的图象上所有的点向左平移6π个单位长度,再把所得图象上所有点的横坐标伸长到原来的2倍(纵坐标不变),得到的图象所表示的函数为 (A )sin 2,3y x x R π⎛⎫=-∈ ⎪⎝⎭(B )sin 2,3y x x R π⎛⎫=+∈ ⎪⎝⎭(C )1sin ,26y x x R π⎛⎫=+∈⎪⎝⎭(D )1sin ,26y x x R π⎛⎫=-∈⎪⎝⎭11.已知函数()π()sin (0,0,)2f x A x A ωϕωϕ=+>><的部分图象如图所示,则ϕ=(A ) 4π-(B ) 6π(C )3π (D )125π12.如果函数3cos(2)y x ϕ=+的图象关于点4π(,0)3中心对称,那么||ϕ的最小值为 (A )6π (B )4π (C )3π (D) 2π二、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分,满分20分.13.平面向量a 与b 的夹角为60︒,(2,0)=a ,1=b ,则+=a b . 14.已知(cos ,2)x =a ,(2sin ,3)x =b ,a b ∥,则2sin 22cos x x - . 15.已知α为锐角,且3c o s 45απ⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭,则 sin α= . 16.如图,在矩形ABCD 中,AB =2,BC =2,点E 为BC 的中点,点F 在边CD 上,若AB ·AF =2,则AE ·BF 的值是________.三、解答题:本大题共6小题,满分70分.17.(本小题满分10分)已知||1=a ,||=b (Ⅰ)若a b ∥,求⋅a b ;(Ⅱ)若-a b 与a 垂直,求a 与b 的夹角.18. (本小题满分12分)已知a 、b 、c 是同一平面内的三个向量,其中(1,2)=a .(Ⅰ)若||=c a c ∥,求c 的坐标; (Ⅱ)若||=b ,且2+a b 与2-a b 垂直,求a 与b 的夹角θ.(第16题图)设a 与b 是两个不共线的非零向量(R t ∈).(Ⅰ)记OA =a ,OB t =b ,1()3OC =+a b ,那么当实数t 为何值时,A 、B 、C 三点共线?(Ⅱ)若||||1==a b ,且a 与b 的夹角为120︒,那么实数x 为何值时||x -a b 的值最小?20.(本题满分12分)已知函数())22sin cos 0f x x x x ωωωω=->,直线12,x x x x ==是函数()y f x =的图象的任意两条对称轴,且12x x -的最小值为2π. (Ⅰ)求ω的值;(Ⅱ)求函数()f x 的单调增区间; (III )若()23f α=,求5sin 46πα⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭的值.已知 错误!未找到引用源。

人教版最新2024年高一化学下学期期中考试附答案

人教版最新2024年高一化学下学期期中考试附答案

2024—2024学年度下学期期中考试高一化学试题卷考试时间:90分钟总分:100分可能用到的相对原子质量:H:1, C:12, N:14, O:16, Na:23, Cl:35.5, Zn:65一、选择题(本题共16小题,每小题3分,共48分)1.从宏观方面看物质是由元素组成的,从微观方面看物质是由粒子构成的。

下列有关说法不正确的是()A.元素原子的多样性是由构成原子的质子和中子数目引起的B.元素的化学性质主要取决于元素原子的最外层电子数C.只由一种分子构成的物质肯定是纯净物D.质子数等于电子数的微粒,可能是一种分子和一种离子2.在元素周期表中,铂元素如图所示,下列有关说法正确的是()A.铂是非金属元素,在常温下呈固态B.208 78Pt和198 78Pt的核外电子数相同,互为同位素C.“195.1”是铂的质量数D.由78可以推出Pt为第五周期元素3.下列有关元素的性质及其递变规律正确的是()A.同主族元素形成的单质熔、沸点自上而下渐渐上升B.核外电子排布相同的微粒化学性质不肯定相同C.同主族元素含氧酸的酸性随核电荷数的增加而减弱D.非金属元素的气态氢化物的稳定性越强其沸点就越高4. 肯定条件下,在容积固定的某密闭容器中发生反应N2+3H22NH3。

在10 s内N2的浓度由5 mol·L-1降至4 mol·L-1,下列说法正确的是()A.用NH3表示的化学反应速率为0.1 mol·L-1·s-1B. 增加H2的浓度或降低温度都会加快该反应的速率C. 运用合适的催化剂,可以加快该反应的速率D.反应足够长时间,N2、H2中至少有一种物质浓度降为零5. 已知阴离子R2-的原子核内有n个中子,R原子的质量数为m,则ω g R原子完全转化为R2-时,含有电子的物质的量是()A. ωm(m-n+2) mol B.ω(m-n)n mol C.ω(m-n-2)m mol D.m-n-2ω·m mol6.下列说法正确的是()①在水中氢、氧原子间均以化学键相结合②金属和非金属化合形成离子键③离子键是阳离子、阴离子的相互吸引④两个非金属原子间不行能形成离子键⑤非金属原子间不行能形成离子键⑥离子化合物中可能有共价键⑦共价化合物中可能有离子键A.①②③B.②④⑤C.④⑥D.①②③④⑤⑥7. 下列各组物质不是同分异构体的是()A.CH3CH2CH2CH3和B.CH3CH2OH和CH3OCH3C.CH3-CH===CH-CH3和CH3-CH2-CH===CH2D.CH≡CH和CH3-C≡CH8. a mL三种气态烃组成的混合物与足量氧气混合,点燃爆炸后,复原到原来的状态(常温、常压),体积共缩小2a mL。

广东省惠州市惠州中学2023-2024学年高一下学期4月期中考试数学试题

广东省惠州市惠州中学2023-2024学年高一下学期4月期中考试数学试题

广东省惠州市惠州中学2023-2024学年高一下学期4月期中考试数学试题一、单选题1.已知集合{2,1,0,1,2}A =--,{|ln 0}B x x =>,则A B =I ( ) A .{1}B .{2}C .{2,2}-D .{1,0,1}-2.已知α,R β∈,则“αβ=”是“sin sin αβ=”成立的( ) A .充分不必要条件 B .必要不充分条件 C .充要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件3.已知互相垂直的平面αβ,交于直线l.若直线m ,n 满足m ∥α,n ⊥β,则 A .m ∥lB .m ∥nC .n ⊥lD .m ⊥n4.如图,在ABC V 中,3,AC AN P =u u u r u u u r 是BN 上的一点,若1139AP m AB AC ⎛⎫=++ ⎪⎝⎭u u u r u u ur u u u r ,则实数m的值为( )A .19B .29C .23D .135.若函数221,1(),1x ax x f x ax x ⎧-+>=⎨≤⎩在其定义域内是一个单调递增函数,则实数a 的取值范围是( ) A .(]0,1B .20,3⎛⎤ ⎥⎝⎦C .[]0,1D .20,3⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦6.已知一个圆锥的底面半径为3,其侧面积是底面积的2倍,则圆锥的体积为( )A .6πB .C .D .12π7.心理学家有时间用函数()()1e ktL t A -=-测定在时间t (单位:min )内能够记忆的量L ,其中A 表示需要记忆的量,k 表示记忆率.假设一个学生需要记忆的量为200个单词,此时L 表示在时间t 内该生能够记忆的单词个数.已知该生在5min 内能够记忆20个单词,则k 的值约为(ln0.90.105≈-,ln 0.1 2.303≈-)( ) A .0.021B .0.221C .0.461D .0.6618.如图,O 是锐角三角形ABC 的外心,角A ,B ,C 所对的边分别为a ,b ,c ,且π3A =,若cos cos 2sin sin B C AB AC mAO C B+=u u u r u u u r u u u r ,则m =( )A .12B .2C D .1二、多选题 9.已知复数21iz =+(i 是虚数单位),则下列命题中正确的是( )A .z =B .z 在复平面上对应点在第二象限C .1i z =+D .z 的虚部为1-10.已知函数()πcos 26f x x ⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭,则( )A .()f x 的最小正周期为πB .()f x 的图象关于π,012⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭对称C .()f x 的图象关于5π12x =对称 D .()f x 在π0,2⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭上单调递减11.如图,在直三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,,E F 分别是棱11,B B C C 上的动点,11111224AA A B AC ===,111π3AC B ∠=,则下列说法正确的是( )A .直三棱柱111ABC ABC -的体积为B .直三棱柱111ABC A B C -外接球的表面积为16πC .若,E F 分别是棱11,B B C C 的中点,则异面直线1A F 与AE 所成角的余弦值为14D .1AE EF FA ++取得最小值时,1A F EF =三、填空题12.已知1sin 33πα⎛⎫-= ⎪⎝⎭,则cos 6πα⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭.13.已知3,b a =r r 在b r 上的投影向量为12b r ,则a b ⋅r r 的值为.14.如图,为测塔高,在塔底所在的水平面内取一点C ,测得塔顶的仰角为θ,由C 向塔前进30米后到点D ,测得塔顶的仰角为2θ,再由D 向塔前进E 后,测得塔顶的仰角为4θ,则塔高为米.四、解答题15.已知向量()()1,23,1a b ==-r r,. (1)求3a b +r r ;(2)设,a b rr 的夹角为θ,求cos θ的值;(3)若向量k +r ra b 与-r r a kb 互相垂直,求k 的值.16.如图所示,在四棱锥P -ABCD 中,底面ABCD 为平行四边形,∠ADC =45°,AD =AC =1,O 为AC 的中点,PO ⊥平面ABCD ,PO =2,M 为PD 的中点.(1)证明:PB ∥平面ACM ;(2)证明:AD ⊥平面PAC .17.已知ABC V 的内角,,A B C 所对的边分别是()()(),,,sin sin sin a b c a b A B a c C +-=-. (1)求角B ;(2)若ABC V 外接圆的直径为ABC V 周长的取值范围.18.已知向量()π1π2cos ,1,cos ,,0,322a x b x x ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎡⎤==-+∈ ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎣⎦⎝⎭r r .(1)若π3x =,求a b ⋅r r ;(2)记()f x a b =⋅r r ,若对于任意()()1212π,0,,2x x f x f x λ⎡⎤∈-≤⎢⎥⎣⎦恒成立,求λ的最小值.19.设A 是有序实数对构成的非空集,B 是实数集,如果对于集合A 中的任意一个有序实数对(),x y ,按照某种确定的关系f ,在B 中都有唯一确定的数z 和它对应,那么就称:f A B →为从集合A 到集合B 的一个二元函数,记作()(),,,z f x y x y A =∈,其中A 称为二元函数f 的定义域.(1)已知()()()1122,,,,f x y a x y b x y ==r r,若()()12121,2,1f a f b x x y y ==+=r r ,求();f a b +rr(2)非零向量()00,u x y =r ,若对任意的(),,,0x y D D A h ∈⊆>,记(),a x y =r,都有()()f a f a hu <+r r r ,则称f 在D 上沿u r方向单调递增.已知(),e e ,R,R x y x y f x y x y +-=+∈∈.请问f 在(){},,R x y x y ∈∣上沿向量()1,1方向单调递增吗?为什么? (3)设二元函数f 的定义域为D ,如果存在实数M 满足: ①(),x y D ∀∈,都有(),f x y M ≥, ②()00,x y D ∃∈,使得()00,f x y M =. 那么,我们称M 是二元函数f 的最小值.求()()()211,sin2cos ,,,,R,22f x y y x y x x y x y x y y ⎛⎫⎧⎫=++-∈∈≤≤⎨⎬ ⎪⎩⎭⎝⎭∣的最大值.。

精品解析:北京市房山区2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试语文试题(解析版)

精品解析:北京市房山区2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试语文试题(解析版)
根据材料二中的例子“在中国建筑中,每一个露在外面的结构部分同时也就是它的装饰部分,即每一件装饰品都是加工了的结构部分。中国建筑的装饰与结构是完全统一的。天安门就是这一切优点的卓越的典型范例”分析,中国建筑中天安门的装饰与结构完全统一,其具有“统一性”的特点,故③处填“统一性”。
根据材料三中“一座殿堂的建造很少超过十年……中国建筑服务于人,因而建筑的理性、实用与适度是显而易见的”分析,中国建筑具有适度性的特点,故④处应填的例子是“在中国,一座殿堂的建造很少超过十年”。
夜缒而出,见秦伯,曰:“秦、晋围郑,郑既知亡矣。若亡郑而有益于君,敢以烦执事。越国以鄙远,君知其难也,焉用亡郑以陪邻?邻之厚,君之薄也。若舍郑以为东道主,行李之往来,共其乏困,君亦无所害。且君尝为晋君赐矣,许君焦、瑕,朝济而夕设版焉,君之所知也。夫晋,何厌之有?既东封郑,又欲肆其西封,若不阙秦,将焉取之?阙秦以利晋,唯君图之。”秦伯说,与郑人盟。使杞子、逢孙、杨孙戍之,乃还。
根据材料一中“‘大文章’如宫殿、庙宇,‘小品’如山亭、水榭、一轩、一楼。文字上有一面横额,一副对子,纯粹作点缀装饰用。建筑也有类似的东西,如在路的尽头的一座影壁,或横跨街中心的几座牌楼等等”可知,②处应填的例子是:中国建筑有如宫殿、庙宇的“大文章”,也有如山亭、水榭、一轩、一楼的“小品”,还有如影壁、牌楼的点缀装饰。根据“这种‘文法’……也有极大的运用的灵活性,能有多样性的表现”可知,中国建筑的特点是“多样性”,故①填写“多样性”。
我国古代的建筑匠师们积累了世代使用木材的特别经验,创造了在柱头上用层叠的挑梁承托上面横梁的方法,使得屋顶部分出檐深远,瓦坡的轮廓优美。用层叠挑出的木材构成的每一个组合称作斗拱。斗拱和它们承托的庄严的屋顶,都是中国建筑上独有的特征,是人类在建筑上达到的高度艺术性的工程。我国古代的匠师们还巧妙地利用保护木材的油漆,大胆地把不同的颜色组成美丽的彩画、图案。不但用在建筑内部,并且用在建筑外部檐下的梁枋上,取得外表上的优异的效果。在屋瓦上,我们也利用有色的琉璃瓦。这种运用颜色的方法是中国建筑的一个显著特征。另外还有一个特征:在中国建筑中,每一个露在外面的结构部分同时也就是它的装饰部分,即每一件装饰品都是加工了的结构部分。中国建筑的装饰与结构是完全统一的。天安门就是这一切优点的卓越的典型范例。

北京市北京交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期4月期中考试物理试题(解析版)

北京市北京交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期4月期中考试物理试题(解析版)

北京交大附中2023—2024学年第二学期期中练习高一物理说明:本试卷共8页,共100分。

考试时长90分钟。

一、单项选择题(本题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项是符合题意的。

)请阅读下述文字,完成下面小题。

哈雷星的运动轨道是一个非常扁的椭圆(如图所示),天文学家哈雷成功预言了哈雷彗星的回归,哈雷彗星最近出现的时间是1986年。

预测下次飞近地球将在2061年。

轨道上、两点分别为近日点和远日点。

1. 哈雷彗星运行到点时( )A. 速度沿切线方向 B. 速度沿彗星与太阳连线方向C. 加速度沿切线方向D. 受到太阳引力沿切线方向2. 哈雷彗星由点向点运动过程中( )A. 速度越来越小 B. 速度越来越大C. 速度大小保持不变D. 所受太阳引力与其速度共线3. 若哈雷彗星在点与太阳中心的距离为,线速度大小为;在点与太阳中心的距离为,线速度大小为。

由开普勒定律可知下列关系可能正确的是( )A.B.C.D.【答案】1. A 2. B3. C【解析】【1题详解】哈雷彗星运行到点时;AB .速度沿切线方向,选项A 正确,B 错误;CD .受到太阳的引力沿两者的连线指向太阳,则加速度沿两者的连线指向太阳,选项CD 错误。

故选A 。

【2题详解】的P Q P Q P P 1r 1v Q 2r 2v 1122v r v r =211222v r v r =1221v r v r=12v v =P哈雷彗星由点向点运动过程中,所受太阳引力与其速度夹角为锐角,则太阳的引力做正功,则速度越来越大,选项ACD 错误,B 正确;故选B 。

【3题详解】若哈雷彗星在点与太阳中心的距离为,线速度大小为;在点与太阳中心的距离为,线速度大小为。

由开普勒第二定律可知可得故选C 。

请阅读下述文字,完成下列小题。

如图所示,质量为m 的小球用轻质细线悬于B 点,使小球在水平面内做匀速圆周运动。

4. 小球在水平面内做匀速圆周运动,其向心力的来源是( )A. 小球受到的重力B. 小球受到的重力与细线对小球拉力的合力C. 细线对小球的拉力与小球所受离心力的合力D. 小球受到的重力、细线对小球的拉力与小球所受离心力的合力5. 调整细线长度使其伸长,使小球仍在水平面内做匀速圆周运动,且保持轨迹圆的圆心O 到悬点B 的距离不变。

辽宁省协作校2023-2024学年高一下学期5月期中考试数学试题(解析版)

辽宁省协作校2023-2024学年高一下学期5月期中考试数学试题(解析版)

2023—2024学年度下学期期中考试高一试题数学考试时间:120分钟 满分:150分第I 卷(选择题 共58分)一、单项选择题(本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分)1. ( )A.B.C.D. 1【答案】C 【解析】【分析】本题先利用诱导公式进行化简,再利用两角和正弦公式,即可得到结果.详解】,故选:C.2. 下列函数中,周期为1的奇函数是 ( )A. y=1-2sin 2πxB. y=sinC.y=tanx D. y=sinπxcosπx【答案】D 【解析】【分析】对,利用二倍角余弦公式化简后判断;对直接判断奇偶性即可;对,直接利用正切函数的周期公式判断即可;对,利用二倍角的正弦公式化简后判断即可.【详解】化简函数表达式y=1-2sin 2πx=cos 是偶函数,周期为1,不合题意;y=sin 的周期为1,是非奇非偶函数,周期为1,不合题意;y=tanx 是奇函数,周期为2,不合题意;y=sinπxcosπx=sin2πx 是奇函数,周期为1,合题意;故选D.【的sin 735cos 45sin105sin135︒︒+︒︒=12()()()sin 735cos 45sin105sin135sin 720+15cos 45sin 90+15sin 90+45︒︒︒︒︒︒︒︒︒︒︒+=+()sin15cos 45cos15sin 45sin 1545sin 60︒︒︒︒︒︒︒=+=+==π2πx 3⎛⎫+⎪⎝⎭π2A B C D ()2πx π2πx 3⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭π212【点睛】本题主要考查二倍角的正弦公式、二倍角的余弦公式以及三角函数的周期公式,属于中档题.由函数可求得函数的周期为;由函数可求得函数的周期为;由函数可求得函数的周期为.3. 已知,,且,则与的夹角的余弦值为( )A.B.C.D.【答案】B 【解析】【分析】根据模长公式可得,即可由夹角公式求解.【详解】由题意,,,又,所以,.故选:B .4. 在中,,,则“恰有一解”是“”的( )A. 充分不必要条件 B. 必要不充分条件C. 充分必要条件 D. 既不充分也不必要条件【答案】B 【解析】【分析】根据余弦定理可得,利用一元二次方程根的情况,结合判别式即可分类求解只有一个解时的范围,即可根据逻辑关系求解.【详解】由,得,方程 的判别式,①,解得.()cos y A x ωϕ=+2πω()sin y A x ωϕ=+2πω()tan y A x ωϕ=+πω()2,1a = 2b = a b ⊥ a b - a 3a b -=a == 2b = a b ⊥ 0a b ⋅= 3a b -=== ∴()2co s a b a a b a a b a a b a a b a -⋅-⋅-====-⨯-⨯,ABC cos B =2AC =AB m =ABC 02m <≤2240a m +-=ABC 2222cos AC AB BC AB BC B =+-⋅2240a m +-=2240a m +-=2223244161699m m m ∆=-+=-22232441616099m m m ∆=-+=-=6m =±当时, 转化为,解得符合题意;当时 转化为,解得 不符合题意;②,且两根之积,可得有一正根和一负根,负根舍去,此时有一解,此时;③,且两根之积,解得,当时,,解得符合题意;当时,解得不符合题意;故若有一解,则或,故“恰有一解”,是“”的必要不充分条件故选:B .5. 英国数学家布鲁克·泰勒以发现泰勒公式和泰勒级数而闻名于世.根据泰勒公式我们可知:如果函数在包含的某个开区间上具有阶导数,那么对于,有,若取,则,此时称该式为函数在处的n 阶泰勒公式(其中,).计算器正是利用这一公式将,,,等函数转化为多项式函数,通过计算多项式函数值近似求出原函数的值,如,,则运用上面的想法求的近似值为( )A. 0.83 B. 0.46C. 1.54D. 2.54【答案】C 【解析】【分析】首先根据诱导公式和二倍角公式化简,再利用,即可求解.6m =2240a m +-=2320a -+=a =6m =-2240a m +-=2320a ++=a =-22232441616099m m m ∆=-+=->240m -<a ABC 02m <<22232441616099m m m ∆=-+=->240m -=2m =±2m =20a =a =2m =-20a +=a =ABC 02m <≤6m =ABC 02m <≤()f x 0x (),a b ()1n +(),x a b ∀∈()()()()()()()()()200000000!1!2!!n nf x f x f x f x f x x x x x x x n '''=+-+-++-+⋅⋅⋅ 00x =()()()()()()200000!1!2!!n n f f f f f x x x x n =+++⋅'⋅⋅+''+⋅⋅⋅()f x 0x =0!1=!123n n =⨯⨯⨯⋅⋅⋅⨯sin x cos x e x ln x 357sin 3!5!7!x x x x x =-+-+⋅⋅⋅246cos 12!4!6!x x x x =-+-+⋅⋅⋅π112sin cos222⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭246cos 12!4!6!x x x x =-+-+⋅⋅⋅【详解】,因为,所以,近似值为,所以的近似值为.故选:C6. 扇形的半径为1,,点在弧上运动,则的最小值为( )A. B. 0C. D. -1【答案】A 【解析】【分析】利用三角函数的定义可得,即可根据向量的坐标运算,结合三角恒等变换可得,即可利用三角函数的性质求解.【详解】以为原点,以所在直线为轴,过作的垂线为轴,建立平面直角坐标系,设,则,其中,,,故,,,,,,,的取值范围为,,故的最小值为;故选:A .2π1112sin cos 2cos cos112222⎛⎫+==+⎪⎝⎭246cos 12!4!6!x x x x =-+-+⋅⋅⋅111cos11 (224720)=-+-+0.54π112sin cos 222⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭1.54AOB 120AOB ∠=︒C AB CA CB ⋅12-32-(cos ,sin )C θθ1πsin()26CA CB θ⋅=-+ O OA x O OA y AOC θ∠=(cos ,sin )C θθ2π03θ≤≤(1,0)A 1(2B -(1cos ,sin )CA θθ=-- 1(cos 2CB θ=-- sin )θ-∴1(cos 1)(cos )sin )(sin )2CA CB θθθθ⋅=-+--+--111πcos sin()2226θθθ=--=-+2π03θ≤≤∴ππ5π666θ≤+≤∴1πsin()126θ≤+≤11πsin()0226θ∴-≤-+≤∴CA CB ⋅ 1[2-0]CA CB ⋅ 12-7. 2023年下半年开始,某市加快了推进“5G +光网”双千兆城市建设.如图,某市区域地面有四个5G 基站A ,B ,C ,D .已知C ,D 两个基站建在江的南岸,距离为,基站A ,B 在江的北岸,测得,,,,则A ,B 两个基站的距离为( )A. B. C. 40kmD. 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】利用的边角关系求出,在中利用正弦定理求出,在中利用余弦定理求出即可.【详解】在中,,,所以,即,得故.在中,.由正弦定理得,,解得,在中,由余弦定理得,,解得、之间的距离为.故选:D.75ACB ∠=︒120ACD ∠=︒30ADC ∠=︒45ADB ∠=︒ACD AC BCD △BC ACB △AB ACD 30ADC ∠=︒120ACD ∠=︒30CAD ∠=︒CAD ADC ∠=∠AC CD ==BDC 180()180(4575)60CBD BCD BDC ∠=︒-∠+∠=︒-︒+︒=︒sin sin BC CDBDC CBD=∠∠()40sin 30cos 45cos30sin 45BC ===︒+︒= cos75cos30cos 45sin 30sin 45=︒-︒=ABC 222222cos 2cos752000AB AC BC AC BC BCA =+-⋅⋅∠=++-⨯⨯︒=AB =A B8. 已知函数,则下列结论错误的是( )A. 函数偶函数 B. 函数关于对称C. 函数的最大值为D. 函数在上单调递减【答案】C 【解析】【分析】利用偶函数定义判断A ;计算,从而判断B ;利用二次复合函数的性质判断C ;利用复合函数的单调性判定D.【详解】根据题意,函数定义域为,故函数为偶函数,A 不符合题意;,,故,即函数关于对称,B 不符合题意;,又,当时,函数取最大值,C 符合题意;当,则,,且为增函数,为()cos sin 2xf x x =-()f x ()f x πx=()f x 98()f x π0,6⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭(π)(π)f x f x +=-()f x R ()()()cos sincos sin cos sin 222x x xf x x x x f x --=--=--=-=()f x ()()ππcos πsin cos cos 22x x f x x x -⎛⎫-=--=-- ⎪⎝⎭()()ππcos πsincos cos 22x xf x x x ++=+-=--(π)(π)f x f x +=-()f x πx =()22cos sin12sin |sin 12sin |sin 22222x x x x xf x x =-=--=--2192sin 248x ⎛⎫=-++ ⎪⎝⎭[]sin0,12x ∈|sin |02x=()f x 1π0,6x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭π0,212x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭sinsin 22x x ⎛=∈ ⎝所以函数在上单调递减,D 不符合题意.故选:C二、多项选择题(本题共3小题,每小题6分,共18分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得6分,部分选对的得部分分,有选错的得0分)9. 在中,角的对边分别是.下面四个结论正确的是( )A. ,,则的外接圆半径是4B. 若,则C. 若,则一定是钝角三角形D. 若,则【答案】BCD 【解析】【分析】根据正弦定理可得,即可判断A ;由正弦定理即可求解BD ,利用余弦定理,判断出为钝角,即可判断C.【详解】A .,,设的外接圆半径是,则,解得,故A 错误;对于B ,由可得,由正弦定理可得,故B 正确,对于C .,则,为钝角,故一定是钝角三角形,因此C正确;对于D ,由以及正弦定理可得:,,因为,故D 正确;故选:BCD .10. 在物理学中,把物体受到的力(总是指向平衡位置)正比于它离开平衡位置的距离的运动称为“简谐运动”.在适当的直角坐标系下,某个简谐运动可以用函数(,,)的部分图象如图所示,则下列结论正确的是( )()f x π0,6⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭ABC ,,A B C ,,a b c 2a =30A =︒ABC A B >sin sin A B>222a b c +<ABC cos sin a bA B=45A =︒2sin aR A=222cos 2a b c C ab+-=C 2a =30A =︒ABC R 224sin sin 30a R A ===︒2R =A B >a b >sin sin a bA B=sin sin A B >222a b c +< 222cos 02a b c C ab+-=<C ∴ABC cos sin a b A B =sin sin a bA B=sin cos A A =tan 1A ∴=0180,45A A ︒<<︒∴=︒()()sin f x A x ωϕ=+0A >0ω>π<ϕA.,频率为,初相为B. 函数的图象关于直线对称C. 函数在上的值域为D. 若在上恰有4个零点,则m 的取值范围是【答案】BD 【解析】【分析】利用函数的图象求出,进而根据相关定义即可求解A ,代入验证是否为最值即可求解B ,利用整体法结合三角函数的性质即可求解CD.【详解】根据函数的图象,,,故,所以;当时,,所以,,整理得,,由于,所以当时,,故.对于A ,,频率为,初相为,故A 错误;对于B :当时,,故B 正确;对于C :由于,故,故,故C 错误;对于D :,则,若在上恰有4个零点,则,解得,2A =1ππ6()f x π6x =-()f x π5π,1212⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦⎡⎣()f x []0,m 19π25π,1212⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭π()2sin(26f x x =-2A =313π4π3π=412124T =-πT =2ω=π3x =π2π(2sin()233f ϕ=+=2ππ2π+32k ϕ+=()k ∈Z π2π6k ϕ=-()k ∈Z ||πϕ<0k =π6ϕ=-π()2sin(2)6f x x =-:2ω=πT =1ππ6-π6x =-ππ(2sin()262f -=-=-π5π,1212x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦π2π20,63x ⎡⎤-∈⎢⎥⎣⎦[]π()2sin(2)0,26f x x =-∈[]0,x m ∈πππ2,2666x m ⎡⎤-∈--⎢⎥⎣⎦()f x []0,m π3π24π6m ≤-<19π25π1212m ≤<故的取值范围是,D 正确.故选:BD .11. 已知O 为坐标原点,的三个顶点都在单位圆上,且则( )A. B. C. 为锐角三角形 D. 在上投影的数量【答案】BCD 【解析】【分析】由,可得,化为,得到,即可求解B .由,可得化为,即可根据投影的公式求解D ,根据,即可根据夹角公式求解A ,根据数量积的正负求解角,即可判断C.【详解】由于的外接圆半径为1,圆心为,.由,可得,化为.,,.故是等腰直角三角形.B 正确,由,可得,,所以,故,A 错误,由得,所以,,,因此均为锐角,故为锐角三角形,C 正确.m 19π25π,1212⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭ABC 3450OA OB OC ++=3cos ,5OA OC =OA OB⊥ ABC AB OC15-3450OA OB OC ++=22(34)(5)OA OB OC +=- 0OA OB = OA OB ⊥ 3450OA OB OC ++= 534OC AB OA AB OB AB =-- 15OC AB =- 3455OC OA OB -=-ABC O ∴||||||1OA OB OC === 3450OA OB OC ++=22(34)(5)OA OB OC +=- 2229162425OA OB OA OB OC ++= 9162425OA OB ∴++= ∴0OA OB = ∴OA OB ⊥OAB 3450OA OB OC ++= 534OC OA OB =-- 25343OC OA OA OB OA =--⋅=- 35OC OA =- 3cos ,5OC OA OA OC OC OA⋅==-534OC OA OB =-- 3455OC OA OB -=-()()()2239396055555B BC OA OB OC OB OA OB OA OB O OB A A --⎛⎫⋅=-⋅-=-⋅-=+=> ⎪⎝⎭()()()2284844055555A AC OB OA OC OA OB OA OA OB OA OB B -⎛⎫⋅=-⋅-=-⋅-=-=> ⎪⎝⎭ ()()2284392436120555525255C CB OA OC OB OC OA OB O A A OB OA OB ⎛⎫⎛⎫⋅=-⋅-=+⋅+=+=> ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭ ,,A B C ABC ∴()()22534341OC AB OA OB OB OA OA OB ⋅=--⋅-=-=-.在上的投影.D 正确故选:BCD第II 卷(非选择题92共分)三、填空题(本题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分)12. 已知中角所对的边分别为,,则的面积,该公式称作海伦公式,最早由古希腊数学家阿基米德得出.若的周长为18,,则的面积为________.【答案】【解析】【分析】由正弦定理边角互化可求,代入已知面积公式可求.【详解】由题意得,,所以,则, 所以.故答案为:.13. 已知向量,将绕原点O 沿逆时针方向旋转到的位置,则点的坐标________.【答案】【解析】【分析】由条件得,设,则,,再求的正弦和余弦,然后由坐标,,即可求出结果.【详解】,设,则,,∴15OC AB =-∴AB OC 11515||OC AB OC -⋅===- ABC ,,A B C ,,a b c 2a b cp ++=ABC S =ABC ()()()sin sin :sin sin :sin sin 5:7:6A B BC C A +++=ABC 4,6,8a b c ===18a b c ++=(sin sin ):(sinsin ):(sin sin )():():()5:7:6A B B C C Aa b b c c a+++=+++=::2:3:4a b c =4,6,8a b c ===92a b cp ++==S =()4,3OP = OP 45︒1OP 1P ||5OP = xOP θ∠=3sin 5θ=4cos 5θ=45︒cos x r α=sin y r α=||5OP == xOP θ∠=3sin 5θ=4cos 5θ=设,,则,故,故答案为:14. 如图,在四边形中,分别在边上,且,,,,与的夹角为,则________.【答案】【解析】【分析】本题关键是对向量进行线性运算,并用基底与线性表示,然后再做数量积运算即可.【详解】由图形结合向量线性运算可得:,由,可得,由可得,由上面两式相加得:,即又由,,与的夹角为,可得,11(P x 1)y 15cos(45)5(cos cos 45sin sin 45)x θθθ=+︒=︒-︒=15sin(45)5(sin cos 45cos sin 45)y θθθ=+︒=︒+︒=1P ABCD E F ,AD BC ,13AE AD =13BF BC =3AB =2DC =AB DC 60︒AB EF ⋅= 7EF AB DC EF ED DC CF =++ 13AE AD =13BF BC =22EF EA D F C B =-+- EF EA AB BF =++ 2222EF EA AB BF =++ 32F D E AB C =+ 23AB EF DC += 3AB =2DC =AB DC 60︒1cos 603232AB DC AB DC ︒⋅=⋅=⨯⨯=所以,故答案为:.四、解答题(本题共5小题,共77分.解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤)15. 已知平面向量,.(1)若,且,求的坐标;(2)若与的夹角为锐角,求实数的取值范围.【答案】(1)或.(2)且.【解析】【分析】(1)先设的坐标,再利用向量垂直关系得到向量积为0和它的模已知列方程组求坐标;(2)利用向量夹角为锐角,肯定向量积大于0,但要注意检验是否有可能夹角为0即可.【小问1详解】由,可得,设,则由,可得,又因为,可得,联立方程组解得:或即或.【小问2详解】由与的夹角为锐角,可得,代入,可得:,解得,当时,,可得,解得:,此时满足,即同向共线,所以夹角要排除为0的情形,222+293=7333AB AB AB AB EF AB DC DC +⋅⨯+⋅=⋅== 7()1,2a = ()3,2b =--r ()2c a b ⊥+ c = c a a b λ+ λ()4,2c = ()4,2c =-- 57λ<0λ≠c()1,2a = ()3,2b =-- ()()()2=21,23,21,2a b ++--=- (),c x y = ()2c a b ⊥+ ()()()2=,1,220c a b x y x y ⋅+⋅-=-+= c = 2220x y +=42x y =⎧⎨=⎩42x y =-⎧⎨=-⎩()4,2c = ()4,2c =-- a a b λ+ ()0a a b λ⋅+> ()1,2a = ()3,2b =-- ()()()()()()1,21,23,21,213,2213222=570λλλλλλ⎡⎤⋅+--=⋅--=-+-->⎣⎦57λ<()//a a b λ+ ()()1,2//13,22λλ--()()21322=0λλ---=0λ57λ<综上可得与的夹角为锐角时,且.16. 已知函数.(1)求的最小正周期和单调减区间;(2)若的值.【答案】(1)最小正周期为,单调减区间, (2)【解析】【分析】(1)根据二倍角公式以及辅助角公式化简,即可利用周期公式求解,利用整体法求解单调性,(2)代入化简可得,进而利用和差角公式以及二倍角公式化简即可代入求值.【小问1详解】函数,,,令,,,,,单调减区间,【小问2详解】根据(1)知,,故,a a b λ+ 57λ<0λ≠()44cos 2sin cos sin x x x f x x =+-()f x π28f θ⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭cos3θππ5ππ,π88k k ⎡⎤++⎢⎥⎣⎦Z k ∈2327-π())4f xx =+1cos3θ=()()()442222cos 2sin cos sin cos sin cos sin 2sin cos f x x x x x x x x x x x=+-=+-+cos 2sin 2x x =+π4x =+π()4f x x ∴=+2ππ2T ==∴ππ3π2π22π242k x k +≤+≤+Z k ∈∴π5π2π22π44k x k +≤≤+∴π5πππ88k x k +≤≤+Z k ∈∴π5ππ,π88k k ⎡⎤++⎢⎥⎣⎦Z k ∈π()4f x x =+ππππ2282842f θθθθ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫+=++=+== ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦,故,故17. 在中,角A ,B ,C 所对的边分别是a ,b ,c ,且________,在①;②,这三个条件中任选一个,补充在上面的横线上,并解答下列问题:(1)求角A 的大小;(2)若AD 是的角平分线,且,,求线段AD 的长;(3)若,判断的形状.【答案】(1) (2(3)直角三角形【解析】【分析】(1)选择①:利用三角形的面积公式和向量的数量积的运算公式,求得,得到,即可求解;,得到,即可求解;选择③,化简得到,即,由余弦定理求得,即可求解;(2)设,结合,列出方程,即可求解;(3)由余弦定理得,再由,联立得到,进而得到方程,求得或,进而得到三角形的形状.1cos 3θ∴=28sin 9θ=()()222cos3cos 2cos 2cos sin 2sin cos sin cos 2sin cos θθθθθθθθθθθθ=+=-=--181********9327⎛⎫=-⨯-⨯⨯=- ⎪⎝⎭ABC 2S AC AB =⋅ a c =2sin sin sin 1sin sin sin sin B C A C B B C +=+ABC 2b =3c =b c -=ABC π3sin A A =tan A =cos 1A A =+π1sin()62A -=222sin sin sin sin sinBC A B C +=+222b c a bc +-=1cos 2A =AD x =ABC ABD ACD S S S =+ 222a b c bc =+-b c -=232a bc =222520b bc c -+=2b c =12b c =【小问1详解】选择①:由,可得,即,即,因为,所以;选择②:因为②,,因为,可得,所以,,可得,因为,可得,所以;选择③,由,可得,又由正弦定理得,再由余弦定理得,因为,所以.【小问2详解】因为AD 是的角平分线,且,设,因为,可得,即,解得,即.【小问3详解】由(1)知,由余弦定理得,因为,平方得,即,代入上式,可得,即,2S AC AB =⋅ 12sin cos 2bc A bc A ⨯=sin A A =tan A =(0,π)A ∈π3A =a c =sin si n A C =sin sin cos sin A C C A C =+(0,π)C ∈sin 0C >cos 1A A =+cos 2sin()16πA A A -=-=π1sin()62A -=(0,π)A ∈ππ66A -=π3A =2sin sin sin 1sin sin sin sinBC A C B B C+=+222sin sin sin sin sin B C A B C +=+222b c a bc +-=2221cos 22b c a A bc +-==(0,π)A ∈π3A =ABC 2,3b c ==AD x =ABC ABD ACD S S S =+ 1π1π1π23sin 3sin 2sin 232626x x ⨯⨯=⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯11111233222222x x ⨯⨯=⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯x =AD =π3A =222222cos a b c bc A b c bc =+-=+-b c -=222123b c bc a +-=222123b c a bc +=+223a bc =232a bc =将代入,可得,解得或,当时,可得,此时,可得为直角三角形;当(不成立,舍去);综上可得,为直角三角形.18. 古希腊数学家托勒密对凸四边形(凸四边形是指没有角度大于180°的四边形)进行研究,终于有重大发现:任意一凸四边形,两组对边的乘积之和不小于两条对角线的乘积,当且仅当四点共圆时等号成立.且若给定凸四边形的四条边长,四点共圆时四边形的面积最大.根据上述材料,解决以下问题,如图,在凸四边形中,(1)若,,,(图1),求线段长度的最大值;(2)若,,(图2),求四边形面积取得最大值时角的大小,并求出四边形面积的最大值;(3)在满足(2)条件下,若点是外接圆上异于的点,求的最大值.【答案】(1)(2)时,四边形面积取得最大值,且最大值为(3)【解析】【分析】(1)由题意可得,进而求出的最大值;(2)由题意可得,分别在,中,由余弦定理可得的表达式,两式联立可得的值,进而求出角的大小,进而求出此时的四边形的面积.(3)根据余弦定理可得,即可结合不等式求解最值.232a bc =222a b c bc =+-222520b bc c -+=2b c =12b c =2b c =a =222a c b +=ABC 12b c =12c =-ABC ABCD AB =1BC =π2ACD ∠=AC CD =BD 2AB =6BC =4AD CD ==ABCD A ABCD P ABD △,B D PB PD +2π3A =ABCD AB CD BC AD AC BD ⨯+⨯≥⨯BD πA C +=ABD △BCD △2BD cos A A ABCD ()22228328PB PD PB PD PB PD PB PD +-⋅=⇒+-⋅=【小问1详解】由,,,,可得,由题意可得,即,,当且仅当四点共圆时等号成立即的最大值为;【小问2详解】如图2,连接,因为四点共圆时四边形的面积最大,,,,所以,即,,在中,,①在中,由余弦定理可得,②由①②可得,解得,而,可得,所以此时.所以时,四边形面积取得最大值,且最大值为【小问3详解】由题意可知所以,即,在中,由余弦定理可得,故,故,AB =1BC =π2ACD ∠=AC CD =AD =AB CD BC AD AC BD ⨯+⨯≥⨯AB CD BC CD BD ⨯+≥⨯BD ≥,,,A B C D BD BD 2AB =6BC =4AD CD ==πA C +=cos cos C A =-sin sin A C =ABD △2222cos 416224cos 2016cos BD AB AD AB AD A A A =+-⋅=+-⨯⨯=-BCD △2222cos 3616264cos 5248cos BD BC CD BC CD C A A =+-⋅=++⨯⨯=+2016cos 5248cos A A -=+1cos 2A =-(0,π)A ∈2π3A =sin sin A C ==1111sin sin 24642222ABCD ABD BCD S S S AB AD A BC CD C =+=⨯⨯⨯+⨯⨯=⨯⨯+⨯⨯= 2π3A =ABCD πA P +=1cos cos 2P A =-=BPD △222222cos 5248cos BD PB PD PB PD P PB PD PB PD A =+-⋅=+-⋅=+()22228328PB PD PB PD PB PD PB PD +-⋅=⇒+-⋅=()222832832PB PD PB PD PB PD +⎛⎫+=+⋅≤+ ⎪⎝⎭故,当且仅当时等号成立,故最大值为19. 某公园为了美化环境和方便顾客,计划建造一座“三线桥”连接三块陆地,如图1所示,点A 、B 是固定,点C 在右边河岸上.把右边河岸近似地看成直线l ,如图2所示,经测量直线AB 与直线l 平行,A 、B 两点距离及点A 、B 到直线l 的距离均为100米.为了节省成本和兼顾美观,某同学给出了以下设计方案,MA 、MB 、MC 三条线在点M 处相交,,,设.(1)若时,求MC 的长;(2)①若变化时,求桥面长(的值)的最小值;②你能给出更优的方案,使桥面长更小吗?如果能,给出你的设计方案,并说明理由.【答案】(1)米(2)①时,取得最小值为米;②答案见解析【解析】【分析】(1)首先求直角三角形中斜边的高,即可求解的值;(2)①首先利用三角函数表示,再根据三角函数关系式,利用换元法,即可求解;②当点是中垂线上,且结合图形,设时,利用角三角函数表示,再利用三角恒等变换,结合基本不等式,计算最小值.【小问1详解】中,,,,则,,点到,所以米;的的PB PD +≤=PB PD ==PB PD +M A M B ⊥MC l ⊥MAB θ∠=π3θ=θMA MB MC ++100-π4θ=MA MB MC ++50MAB △AB MC MA MB MC ++M AB AMC α'∠=αMA MB MC ++MAB △M A M B ⊥100AB =π3MAB θ∠==50MA =MB =M AB =100MC =-【小问2详解】①中,,,设点到的距离为,则,则,则,所以,设,,,,所以,所以,当时,即时,取得最小值为米.②当点是中垂线上,且时,桥面长更小,证明:记,则,,记,因为,而,当且仅当时等号成立,此时由最小值.【点睛】关键点点睛:本题的关键是利用三角函数表示长度,再结合三角运算和性质,求解最值.MAB △100cos MA θ=100sin MB θ=M AB h 100100100sin cos h θθ=⨯⨯100sin cos h θθ=100100sin cos MC θθ=-()100sin cos 100100sin cos MA MB MC θθθθ++=++-sin cos t θθ+=21sin cos 2t θθ-=ππsin cos ,0,42t θθθθ⎛⎫⎛⎫=+=+∈ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭ππ3π,444θ⎛⎫+∈ ⎪⎝⎭(t ∈()()22100501100501200MA MB MC t t t ++=--+=--+t =π4θ=MA MB MC ++50+M AB 120AMB ∠= π0,2AMC α⎛⎫∠=∈ ⎪⎝⎭'50sin MA MB α==50100tan MC α=-()100502cos 10010050sin tan sin g MA MB MC ααααα-=++=+-=+⨯22cos 3sin 2cos 11322tan sin 2222sin cos tan 222αααααααα+-==⋅+≥()tan 0,12α∈tan 2α=()g α10050+<+。

江西省南昌市第一中学2023-2024学年高一下学期4月期中考试化学试题

江西省南昌市第一中学2023-2024学年高一下学期4月期中考试化学试题

南昌一中2023—2024学年度下学期高一期中考试化学试卷考试范围:必修二第五章至第七章第一节可能用到的相对原子质量:H1 C12 O16一、选择题:本题共14小题,每小题3分,共42分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1、《厉害了,我的国》展示了中国探索太空,建设世界第一流的高铁、桥梁、码头5G技术联通世界等取得的举世瞩目的成就。

它们都与化学有着密切的联系。

下列说法正确的是()A.5G 搭载的芯片主要成分是硅B.“神舟十一号”宇宙飞船返回舱外表面使用的高温结构陶瓷的主要成分是硅酸盐C.“火树银花合,星桥铁锁开”中涉及的焰色反应是化学变化D.碳纳米材料是一类有机高分子材料,主要包括富勒烯、碳纳米管和石墨烯等2、在2A(s)+B(g)3C(g)+4D(g)反应中,表示该反应速率最快的是()A.v(A)=0.7 mol·L-1·s-1B.v(B)=0.3 mol·L-1·s-1C.v(C)=0.8 mol·L-1·s-1D.v(D)=60 mol·L-1·min-13、下列化学用语或描述正确的是()A.甲烷分子的空间填充模型:B.乙烷的结构简式:C.正丁烷和异丁烷互为同系物D.戊烷的同分异构体有3种4、下列离子方程式书写错误的是()A.向BaCl2溶液中通入SO2气体:Ba2++SO2+H2O=BaSO3↓+2H+B.Cu和浓HNO3反应生成NO2气体:Cu+4H++2NO3-=Cu2++2NO2↑+2H2OC.Ba(OH)2溶液中通入过量CO2:OH-+CO2=HCO3-D.向氯化铵的溶液中加入热的浓NaOH:NH4++OH △3↑+H2O5、氢气是非常有前途的新型能源,氢能开发中的一个重要问题就是如何制取氢气。

以下研究方向你认为不可行的是()A.建设水电站,用电力分解水制取氢气B.设法将太阳光聚焦,产生高温,使水分解产生氢气C.寻找更多的化石燃料,利用其燃烧放热,使水分解产生氢气D.寻找特殊的化学物质作催化剂,用于分解水制取氢气6、有关有机化合物中碳原子的成键特点,下列说法错误的是()A.碳原子最外层有4个电子,每个碳原子形成4个价键B.碳原子间只能形成碳链,不能形成碳环C.在CH4分子中,四个碳氢共价键的长度和强度均相同D.在正丁烷分子中,4个碳原子形成的碳链为锯齿形,不为直线形7、对于可逆反应4NH3+5O24NO+6H2O,下列叙述正确的是()A、下列描述的化学反应状态,不一定是平衡状态的是()A.H2(g)+Br2(g)2HBr(g),恒温、恒容下,反应体系中气体的颜色保持不变B.2NO2(g)N2O4(g),恒温、恒容下,反应体系中气体的压强保持不变C.CaCO3(s)CO2(g)+CaO(s),恒温、恒容下,反应体系中气体的密度保持不变D.N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g),反应体系中H2与N2的物质的量之比保持3:19、某课外兴趣小组利用硫代硫酸钠(Na S O)与稀硫酸反应探究影响化学反应速率的因素(反A.燃烧时化学能全部转化为热能B.断开1 mol氢氧键吸收930 kJ的能量C.相同条件下,1 mol氢原子的能量为E1,1 mol氢分子的能量为E2,则2E1<E2D.该反应生成1 mol水蒸气时放出能量245 kJ11、某工厂拟综合处理含NH4+废水和工业废气(主要含N2、CO2、SO2、NO、CO,不考虑其他成分),设计了如下流程:下列说法正确的是()A.固体1的主要成分为CaCO3、CaSO3B.X可以是空气,且需过量C.捕获剂所捕获的气体主要是COD.处理含NH4+废水时,发生的反应为NH4++5NO2-+4H+=6NO↑+4H2O12、在2.0 L恒温恒容密闭容器中充入1.0 mol HCl和0.3 molO2,加入催化剂发生反应:4HCl(g)+O2(g)2Cl2(g)+2H2O(g),HCl、O2的物质的量随时间的变化曲线如图所示。

精品解析:上海市嘉定区封浜高级中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试卷(原卷版)

精品解析:上海市嘉定区封浜高级中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试卷(原卷版)

2023学年封浜高中第二学期高一英语期中考试试卷满分:150分考试时间:120分钟1.本场考试设试卷和答题纸两部分,试卷包括试题与答题要求,所有答题必须涂(选考生注意:选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上,做在试卷上一律不得分。

2.答题前,务必在答题纸上填写姓名、学校、考号等信息。

3.答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的,答题时应特别注意,不能错位。

I. Listening comprehension(25’)Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each comversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The comversations and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about is, read the four possible answers an your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. In a school library. B. At a graduation party.C. In a travel agency.D. At a gift shop.2. A. A tour guide. B.A customs officer. C. A salesperson. D.A business partner.3. A.A teacher. B. A policeman. C. A doctor. D. An athlete.4. A. Satisfied. B. Understanding. C. Surprised. D.Excited.5. A. A disaster. B. The quality of the houses.C. Some pictures.D. The survival of the newspaper.6. A.A book. B.A plant. C. A magazine. D. An insect.7. A. Weather B.Climate. C.Clothes. D.Appearance.8. A. Bring a cake. B. Take Michael to the party.C. Buy a box of chocolate.D. Give Michael the cake recipe.9. A. He is a close friend of the woman. B. He is being interviewed for a job.C. He is an experienced sales manager.D. He has a high position in the company.10. A. He knew where the phone was.B. He saw someone else take the phone away.C. The woman should have taken good care of her phone.D. The woman didn’t put her phone on the chair.Section BDirections: In Section B, you wil hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation,you will be asked several questions.The passages and conversation will be read rwice, but the questions will be spoken only once When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A. A writer. B. A teacher. C. A policewoman. D. A singer.12.A. In Georgia. B. In Atlanta C. In New York. D. In Jockson.13. A. In 1956. B.In 1965. C.In 1966. D.In 1967.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Very bad food. B. Expensive food. C. Cheap food. D. Healthy food.15. A. Because they are hungry. B. Because their parents want them to eat.C. Beeause they feel lonely and have pressure.D. Because they want to be healthy.16. A. Under the age of 5. B. Under the age of 6.C Under the age of 7. D. Under the age of 8.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. On Thursday. B. On Friday. C.On Saturday. D. On Sunday.18.A. Playing tennis. B. Going out with her friends.C. Playing basketpall.D. Reading books.19.A.Jane B.Tom. C. Some of Tom’s friends. D. Some of Jane’s friends.20.A. Jane doesn’t like table tennis at all.B. Table tennis is as popular in the UK as it is in China.C.Jane has stopped playing table tennis for a long timeD. Tom can’t play table tennis.II. Grammar and Vocabulary (40’)Section A (10’)Directions: Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.1. He claimed _______ in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.A. being badly treatedB. to be treated badlyC. treating badlyD. to have been treated badly2. The problem was difficult, but it was worth out.A. workB. to workC. being workedD. working3. People at last found Janet on a bench in the back yard alone, the bright moon.A. seating; watchingB. seated; watchedC. seated; watchingD. seating; watched4. The big tower in the Tang Dynasty is next spring.A. being built; to repairB. built; to be repairedC. built; being repairedD. being built; to be repaired5. ______ his homework made his father lost in temper.A. The boy’s not having doneB. The boy not having doneC. The boy’s having not doneD. The boy having not done6. I won’t have you ______ to your mother like that.A. to talkB. to talkingC. talkedD. talking7. Who could have imagined such a sweet-tempered girl as Alice ______ such a thing!A. doingB. to doC. will doD. does8. William Shakespeare is generally believed______ all those plays himself.A. to writeB. writingC. to have writtenD. having written9. With modern traffic control facilities, speeders can’t expect to escape ______ detected and fined.A. to beB. beingC. to have beenD. having been10. ______ in the fog, we were forced to spend two hours in the woods.A. To loseB. LosingC. Having lostD. LostSection B(10’)Directions: After reading the passage below, fil in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A Courageous and Pioneering WomanCharlote Whitehead was born in England in 1843, and moved to Montreal, Canada at the age of 5 with her family. While___11___ (take) care of her ill elder sister throughout the years, Charlotte discovered she had an interest in medicine. At 18 she married and started a family. Several years later, Charlote said she wanted to be a doctor. Her husband supported her decision. Unfortunately, Canadian medical schools did not accept women students at the time. Therefore, Charlote went to the United States___12___ (study) medicine at the Women’s Medical College in Philadelphia.___13___took her five years to earn her medical degree.Upon graduation, Charlote returned to Montreal and set up a private clinic. Three years later, she moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba,___14___she was once again a busy doctor. Many of her patients were from the nearby timber and railway camps. Charlote found herself operating on damaged limbs and setting broken bones, besides___15___ (deliver) all the babies in the area.But Charlote had been practising without a license. She had applied for a doctor’s license in both Montreal and Winnipeg,___16___she was refused. The Manitoba College of Medicines,___17___ all-male organization, wanted her to complete her studies at a Canadian medical college! Charlotte refused to leave her patients to spend time studying___18___she already knew. So in 1887, she appealed to the Manitoba Legislature to issue a license to her but they, too, refused. Charlotte continued to practise___19___a license until 1912. She died four years later at the age of 73.In 1993, 77 years after her death, a medical license was issued to Charlotte. This decision ____20____ (make) by the Manitoba Legislature to honour “this courageous and pioneering woman”.Section C(20’)Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. strugglingB. toughC. threatenedD. delayingE. predictF. alarmingG. demand H. dramatically I. approaches J. concerned K. entirelyThe Future of Publishing: E-publish or die? The iPad and its kind are both good and bad for book publishers. Like many other parts of the media industry, publishing is being ___21___ reshaped by the growth of the Internet. For years, e-books have ___22___ to cut sales of the old-fashioned kind. In response, publishers are trying to support their traditional business while preparing for a future in which e-books will represent a much bigger chunk of sales.For some time, publishers have operated a “wholesale” pricing model with Amazon. This has enabled Amazon to set the price of many new e-books at $9.99. Amazon has maintained prices low in order to boost ___23___ for its Kindle. However, publishers are ___24___ that this may make consumers expect lower prices for all kinds of books. And they worry the downward trend will further cut their thin margins and make ___25___ bricks-and-mortar booksellers (实体书商) suffer more. Some in the industry even ___26___ that publishers will suffer a similar fate to that of music companies, whose fortunes disappeared when songs can be cheaply sold online. This is particularly ___27___ for publishers because digital margins are almost as thin as print ones.Some publishers try ___28___ the release of electronic versions of new books for months after the print launch to increase print sales. Some are starting to build their own online target reader groups. Sourcebooks, a medium-sizedpublisher that has developed an online group focused on poetry, found that book sales rose by 50% after poems had featured on the site. The publishing firms that survive the ___29___ transition will be those who use flexible _____30_____ and learn quickly to think. Not all of them can turn that particular page successfully.III. Reading Comprehension(45’)Section A (15’)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,Cand D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Globalization Is Causing the Death of Minority LanguagesAs the world becomes more connected, language diversity is declining at an unprecedented rate. Forty percent of the world’s 7,000 languages in ____31____ are at risk of disappearing, according to estimates by the Endangered Languages Project. That trend is ____32____ linked to economic globalization, as suggested by a new report published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B.“The dominating effect of a single socioeconomic factor, GDP per capita(人均), on speaker growth rate suggests that economic growth and globalization are ____33____ drivers of recent language speaker declines (mainly since the 1970s onwards), through political and educational developments,” the researchers conclude in their report.Actually, the impact of global economies on language ____34____ has been an argument that goes all the way back to the 1970s, when Herbert Schiller proposed the hotly debated theory of “cultural imperialism”, which suggested economically powerful nations hold huge cultural ____35____ over the weaker countries they influence.However, such impact has never been fully ____36____ until now, according to researchers. In the study, the researchers first established a set of ____37____ languages, based on several factors: small speaker population sizes, rapid declines in speaker numbers, and a small geographic ____38____. After dealing with the numbers by using data selected from the Ethnologue, an authoritative source for basic information about the world’s languages, the researchers concluded that 25 percent of the world’s languages are under immediate ____39____ of disappearing forever.Threatened languages were numerous in highly economically developed regions, like northwestern North America, northern Europe, and eastern Asia. ____40____ they explored relationships between the danger of extinction and multiple environmental factors, including rainfall and temperature, GDP per capita was the factor most tightly correlating with at-risk languages.Of course, there are factors ____41____ GDP that play a role in the disappearance of minority languages. According to UNESCO, languages are also ____42____ with external forces such as military, religious, cultural or educational subiugation (征服), or by ____43____ forces such as a community’s negative attitude towards its ownlanguage. ____44____, even the internet has been linked to the extinction of little-spoken tongues by creating a digital ____45____ that locks out some groups and give advantages to others (and their languages).31. A. reality B. stock C. use D. need32. A. to a great extent B. at that time C. in this way D. in the end33. A. official B. major C. complete D. cultural34 A. difference B. familiarity C. similarity D. diversity35. A. dominance B. ruling C. preference D. spread36. A. globalized B. furthered C. quantified D. communicated37. A. endangered B. extinct C. fluent D. native38. A. development B. feature C. gap D. range39. A. pressure B. control C. law D. threat40. A. Once B. While C. As D. Because41. A. apart from B. as to C. on behalf of D. in terms of42. A. halved B. associated C. threatened D. replaced43. A. definite B. local C. double D. internal44. A. Somehow B. Moreover C. Comparatively D. Therefore45. A. divide B. device C. clip D. tradeSection B(22’)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A.B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Years ago, I made friends with a couple who had recently fallen in love. It was glorious to be in their orbit, watching as their relationship blossomed into a serious commitment. I recall the night we celebrated their engagement, watching this golden couple swing each other on the dance floor, laughing while emitting a glow that could light a city grid.As happy as I was for them, in that moment I couldn’t ignore a sudden heaviness of heart. That pang was back, whispering, “Why not me?”It had been a long time between visits from the pang. In the past, it was a constant companion as I navigated life with naive notions of love, romance and fate. I had grown up believing a relationship should complete me. As a result, I often felt more lost than found as part of a couple.Then as I matured, I took a closer look at those who I thought had it all, the ones who tick all the boxes, who look and act the romance-novel parts. And when I dared to explore under the shiny surfaces, I saw that no honest couple had what I’d assumed they had: the perfect relationship, the easy love, the lucky life.No, what I saw was a lot of unhappiness. Yes, while some couples were both blissed and blessed, many admitted that their relationships were hardly the happily-ever-after.What’s more, I grew to understand I avoided bad relationships and like my life too much to settle. I realized I am the cake and relationships just the icing. The pang only emerges when I make the mistake of comparing myself to others.The reason why I’m sharing this is because in the past couple of weeks, I have watched that golden couple endure one of the ugliest break-ups. What I saw that night on the dance floor was a romantic illusion. When the bubble burst, the fall back to earth was terrible for them both.Watching the break-up, I am aware that to protect perfection is to do reality an injustice. I accept the understanding that there is only one relationship that really counts in life and that is the one we have with ourselves. And mine is a healthy one, not golden, but rosy all the same, because as my friends’ split has proven once again, shine and sparkle can blind the rest of us.46. What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs?A. She was moved to tears by the engagement of her friends.B. She didn’t really feel happy for the engagement of her friends.C. She had mixed feelings while seeing the engagement of her friends.D. She didn’t think her friends would live a happy life after their engagement.47. Why did the author feel lost in her relationship in the past?A. She was misguided to pursue the perfect love.B. She was too naive to find a perfect partner.C. She was keen on being a good partner.D. She was immature to control her fate.48. By “to project perfection is to do reality an injustice” in the last paragraph, the author implies that .A. pursuing perfection does good to realityB. we should never stop looking for perfectionC. what reality is all about is just perfectionD. a perfect relationship is hard to find in life49. According to the author, what is the most important thing in life?A. Accepting whatever you have in life.B. Living in harmony with yourself.C. Leading an admirable and happy life.D. Having a golden relationship.(B)Classics for Kids-A concert for kids but open to allOur annual children’s concert is here again! Enjoy a delightful afternoon of light classical music by the Municipal Orchestra (MO) that is sure to impress the young ones and the adults as well.1st to 3rd June 2 pm to 3:30 pm At the EsplanadeTicket Prices!$20 for standard seats$30 for premium seatsWhere to purchase your tickets?Ticketing office at the EsplanadeOnline purchase from our website: Download the MO from our website and purchase your tickets via your smartphoneEarly bird discount!10% discount if you book online by 1st May and receive a free CD. “Pomp and Circumstance”, containing pieces that will not be played at the concert.The Municipal OrchestraThe MO is an eighty member orchestra that was formed in 1988. It was first suggested by a businessman Mr. Soon. Mr. Soon felt that it was about time that the district had a formal orchestra. Together with well-known celebrities, he helped raise the funds and started the orchestra. The orchestra is fully committed to its mission of bringing classical music to the general public. It was MO’s conductor, who started the “Classics for Kids” concert. The conductor is a graduate of the London School of Music and is a champion of classical music.What our fans have to say:“I simply adore the MO conductor who is simply masterful! The way he conducts the orchestra is a joy to behold! Thanks Mom and Dad for taking me!”Bermard Lee (12 years old)“The MO musicians are superbly talented and show a real desire to want to share good music with the audience.My two children simply lapped it up.”Mr. Peter Lim (a dedicated music lover)50. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the advertisement?A. The orchestra is only for children.B. The orchestra has 82 members including the conductor.C. The orchestra was started by the local government.D. The orchestra’s main task is to make classical music acceptable to ordinary people.51. The lowest price for a premium-seat ticket could be________.A. $18B. $20C. $27D. $3052. Why does the advertisement include two viewers’ comments?A. To show the talent of the conductor.B. To call on more audience to enjoy the concert.C. To show the standards of concert hall.D. To show the origin of the orchestra.(C)COLUMBIA, Mo. – Jilly Santos set three successive alarms on her phone, skipped breakfast, and hastily packed everything while her father drove. But last year she rarely made it to the doors of Rock Bridge High School by the first bell, at 7:50 a.m.Then she heard that the school board was about to make the day start even earlier, at 7:20 a.m.“I think if that happens,” recalled Jilly, 17. “I will have to drop out of school. And I will complain to the end!”The nearly 20-year movement to start high schools later has recently gained momentum as hundreds of schools in dozens of districts across the country have adopted later school starting time.These schools have referred to the accumulating research results on the adolescent body clock. Evidence suggests that later high school starts have widespread benefits. Researchers at the University of Minnesota found that the later a school’s start time, the better off the students were on many measures, including mental health, car crash rates, attendance and, in some schools, grades and standardized test scores.“The research was not a randomized controlled trial. Its methods were practical and findings were promising. Even schools with limited resources can make this one policy change with what appears to be benefits for their students,” Dr. Elizabeth Miller said.Researchers have found that during adolescence, as hormones(荷尔蒙) rise and the brain develops, teenagers who regularly sleep eight to nine hours a night are less likely to be tardy, get in fights or sustain athletic injuries. Sleeping well can also help to stop their tendency toward uncontrolled or risky decision-making.During adolescence, teenagers have a later release of the “sleep” hormone melatonin(褪黑素), which means they tend not to feel sleepy until around 11 p.m. This explains mainly for their late bed time and naturally leads to late rising time. Other minor factors include the presence of electronic devices, which excites the brain and slows the onset of sleep. The Minnesota study noted that 88 percent of the students kept a cellphone in their bedroom.But many parents object to shifting the start of the day later. They say doing so makes sports practices end late, jeopardizes student jobs and bites into time for homework.At heart, though, experts say, the resistance is driven by mistrust about the primacy of sleep. “It’s still a badge of honor to get five hours of sleep,” said Dr. Judith Owens. “It supposedly means you’re working harder, and that’sa good thing. So there has to be a cultural shift around sleep.”53. Why do many schools decide to start school later?A. Because they respond to complaints from students like Jilly.B. Because some students dropped out of school because of early start.C. Because they find later start brings various benefits.D. Because they would like to copy the way of other schools in districts.54. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. According to research, all the students experience higher academic grades because of later school starts.B. Enough sleep helps to prevent teenagers from making willful decisions.C. Later school starts are not suitable for schools with limited resources.D. The leading reason for students’ sleeping late is the existence of mobile phones.55 The underlined word “jeopardizes” is closest in meaning to________.A. harmsB. introducesC. freesD. exchanges56. According to experts, many parents are against late school starts mainly because_____.A. they tend to object to all decisions schools makeB. they are afraid that homework time will be cutC. they fear students will get poor test resultsD. they doubt the advantages of enough sleepSectionC(8’)Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.What Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dreams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a person's mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a person's wishes. He believed that ____57____The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freud's. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. ____58____ For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a person's daily life, thoughts, and behavior. ____59____Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of women's dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and traditional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. ____60____ The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. It's important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.A. Men and women dream about different things.B. A person’s dreams and the meaning of those dreams are between the person and God alone.C. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.D. However, one thing they agree on is: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn't panic.E. Dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.F. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.V.Translation(15’)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.61. 这家公司欣然接受了这个设计,并投入生产。

吉林省通化市梅河口市第五中学2023-2024学年高一下学期5月期中考试语文试题(含答案)

吉林省通化市梅河口市第五中学2023-2024学年高一下学期5月期中考试语文试题(含答案)

高一语文期中一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,18分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~5题。

“刚健有为”是中华民族基本的人文精神之一,它体现在中华民族每一次整体性的重大历史选择中,也体现在历史上无数志士仁人个体面对困境的坚忍进取中。

刚健有为的人文精神对中华美学思想建构产生了深远影响。

刚健是中华美学精神的重要特征,以“刚健”为中心生成的“风骨”“雄浑”等传统文论思想,深刻影响着传统文艺各个门类的美学选择和审美风格。

“风骨”是刚健美学思想在传统文论中的重要表达之一。

南北朝时期的刘勰在《文心雕龙·风骨》中写道:“刚健既实,辉光乃新。

……若能确乎正式,使文明以健,则风清骨峻,篇体光华。

”“风”原本指的是人的气质、风度,为“风骨”生成之本;“骨”则决定着人的体格并通过外在肌肤呈现体貌。

《文心雕龙》以“风骨”设喻诗文,则“风”为诗文之命意,“骨”以文辞呈现作品的形象实体。

刘勰认为真正的好诗文应是“风清骨峻”,倡导明朗洗练而又劲健有力的美学风格。

与刘勰同时期的文论家也多以“风骨”谈诗论艺。

钟嵘《诗品》提倡诗的“风骨之力”。

谢赫《古画品录》论画“六法”中推重“骨法”,并称画家曹不兴画龙“观其风骨,名岂虚哉”!尽管他们对“风骨”美学内涵的理解各有侧重,但明朗刚健、质朴有力始终是“风骨”论的重心指向。

将“风骨”作为审美评判标准在当时具有一定的社会意义,对六朝以来文艺中的绮靡之风起到了批判、纠偏的作用。

唐代司空图继承刚健美学的基本品格,强调诗人要效法“天行健”精神,积蓄刚健之气,并结合诗歌创作对刚健美学进行更为细致和全面的分类表达,提出“雄浑”“劲健”“豪放”“悲慨”等具体的诗歌美学风格类型。

司空图《二十四诗品》所阐释的刚健美学的风格特征,是对刚健美学丰富形态的系统概括,深深影响中华传统美学的发展进程。

汉魏风骨、盛唐气象,尽管宋元以降空灵淡远成为文人的审美风尚,但司空图所标举的雄浑、劲健、豪放,悲慨等品格,仍然深刻地影响着中国诗学的美学追求。

江西省南昌市第二中学2023-2024学年高一下学期5月期中考试语文试题(含答案)

江西省南昌市第二中学2023-2024学年高一下学期5月期中考试语文试题(含答案)

南昌二中2023~2024学年下学期高一期中考试语文试卷命题人:刘玲玲审题人:佟成坤一、现代文阅读(27分)(一)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。

(9分)①有一位资深的美国国会议员曾说,他在国会里作过无数次辩论演说,但只说服过一个人,那就是他自己。

这位国会议员能这样自我调侃,是因为他很明白辩论自身的局限。

②在论辩说理中,很少有人能直接说服对立一方。

这并不表示他论证乏力,而是因为,一般来说,论辩式说理起到的是强化自己一方、而非软化对立一方的作用。

因此,对立的双方就有可能在辩论中越说越僵。

从微博叫骂发展到约架,便是辩论越说越僵的极端表现。

③极端的越说越僵,这种情况在说理文化良好的社会中较少发生。

这是因为,辩论者知道,在辩论中,理是说给“第三者”而不是说给对立方听的,论理不需要以压倒对立方为目的。

④以第三者为说服对象,并由此来确定说理的主要构成要素,这便是英国哲学家和教育家图尔敏对公共说理的一大贡献。

在图尔敏之前,对说理结构的理解和分析是以形式逻辑为着眼点的。

⑤然而,图尔敏提出的说理分析模式却着眼于听众。

具体而言,是那些立场中立,具有独立思考和判断能力的第三者听众。

例如,在法庭上,有争执的双方各自陈述自己的立场和理由,同时还就对方陈述中的具体环节和细节提出质疑,各方在这么做的时候,是为了说服中立的法官或陪审员。

⑥听众是谁,这是说理首先需要确定的,因为这会影响到实际的说理策略、方式,并使得说理具有说服或宣传的不同性质,例如,20世纪60年代曾经有过一场大张旗鼓的中苏两党论战,其实双方都不是为了说服对方(那是不可能的),而是为了争取第三者的同情和支持。

然而,并没有多少国际的第三者对这种恶狠狠的论战感兴趣,因此,论战实际上是用来作为一种对内宣传的手段。

这样的争论根本不可能达成任何共识或妥协,最后定然会以争论者们相互交恶,彼此变成势不两立的仇敌而告终。

图1图尔敏论证模式分析操作图⑦图尔敏论证模式所关注的是那种能够达成某种共识,至少是达成某种妥协的争论。

人教版高一下学期期中考试数学试卷及答案解析(共五套)

人教版高一下学期期中考试数学试卷及答案解析(共五套)

人教版高一下学期期中考试数学试卷(一)注意事项:本试卷满分150分,考试时间120分钟,试题共22题.答卷前,考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、班级等信息填写在试卷规定的位置.一、选择题(本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分)在每小题所给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.点C是线段AB靠近点B的三等分点,下列正确的是()A.B.C.D.2.已知复数z满足z(3+i)=3+i2020,其中i为虚数单位,则z的共轭复数的虚部为()A.B.C.D.3.如图,▱ABCD中,∠DAB=60°,AD=2AB=2,延长AB至点E,且AB=BE,则•的值为()A.﹣1 B.﹣3 C.1 D.4.设i是虚数单位,则2i+3i2+4i3+……+2020i2019的值为()A.﹣1010﹣1010i B.﹣1011﹣1010iC.﹣1011﹣1012i D.1011﹣1010i5.如图,在正方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中,异面直线A1B与CD所成的角为()A.30°B.45°C.60°D.135°6.在△ABC中,角A,B,C所对的边分别为a,b,c,若(a﹣2b)cos C=c(2cos B﹣cos A),△ABC的面积为a2sin,则C=()A.B.C.D.7.在正方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中,下列四个结论中错误的是()A.直线B1C与直线AC所成的角为60°B.直线B1C与平面AD1C所成的角为60°C.直线B1C与直线AD1所成的角为90°D.直线B1C与直线AB所成的角为90°8.如图,四边形ABCD为正方形,四边形EFBD为矩形,且平面ABCD与平面EFBD互相垂直.若多面体ABCDEF的体积为,则该多面体外接球表面积的最小值为()A.6πB.8πC.12πD.16π二、多选题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,选对得分,选错、少选不得分)9.在△ABC中,角A,B,C的对边分别为a,b,c,若a2=b2+bc,则角A可为()A.B.C.D.10.如图,四边形ABCD为直角梯形,∠D=90°,AB∥CD,AB=2CD,M,N分别为AB,CD的中点,则下列结论正确的是()A.B.C.D.11.下列说法正确的有()A.任意两个复数都不能比大小B.若z=a+bi(a∈R,b∈R),则当且仅当a=b=0时,z=0C.若z1,z2∈C,且z12+z22=0,则z1=z2=0D.若复数z满足|z|=1,则|z+2i|的最大值为312.如图,已知ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1为正方体,E,F分别是BC,A1C的中点,则()A.B.C.向量与向量的夹角是60°D.异面直线EF与DD1所成的角为45°三、填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.不需写出解答过程,请把答案直接填写在横线上)13.已知正方形ABCD的边长为2,点P满足=(+),则||=;•=.14.若虛数z1、z2是实系数一元二次方程x2+px+q=0的两个根,且,则pq=.15.已知平面四边形ABCD中,AB=AD=2,BC=CD=BD=2,将△ABD沿对角线BD折起,使点A到达点A'的位置,当A'C=时,三棱锥A﹣BCD的外接球的体积为.16.已知一圆锥底面圆的直径为3,圆锥的高为,在该圆锥内放置一个棱长为a 的正四面体,并且正四面体在该几何体内可以任意转动,则a的最大值为.四、解答题(本大题共6小题,共70分.请在答题卡指定区域内作答,解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)17.在四边形ABCD中,AB∥CD,AD=BD=CD=1.(1)若AB=,求BC;(2)若AB=2BC,求cos∠BDC.18.(1)已知z1=1﹣2i,z2=3+4i,求满足=+的复数z.(2)已知z,ω为复数,(1+3i)﹣z为纯虚数,ω=,且|ω|=5.求复数ω.19.如图,墙上有一壁画,最高点A离地面4米,最低点B离地面2米.观察者从距离墙x(x>1)米,离地面高a(1≤a≤2)米的C处观赏该壁画,设观赏视角∠ACB=θ.(1)若a=1.5,问:观察者离墙多远时,视角θ最大?(2)若tanθ=,当a变化时,求x的取值范围.20.如图,已知复平面内平行四边形ABCD中,点A对应的复数为﹣1,对应的复数为2+2i,对应的复数为4﹣4i.(Ⅰ)求D点对应的复数;(Ⅱ)求平行四边形ABCD的面积.21.如图所示,等腰梯形ABFE是由正方形ABCD和两个全等的Rt△FCB和Rt△EDA组成,AB=1,CF=2.现将Rt△FCB沿BC所在的直线折起,点F移至点G,使二面角E﹣BC﹣G的大小为60°.(1)求四棱锥G﹣ABCE的体积;(2)求异面直线AE与BG所成角的大小.22.如图,四边形MABC中,△ABC是等腰直角三角形,AC⊥BC,△MAC是边长为2的正三角形,以AC为折痕,将△MAC向上折叠到△DAC的位置,使点D在平面ABC内的射影在AB上,再将△MAC向下折叠到△EAC的位置,使平面EAC⊥平面ABC,形成几何体DABCE.(1)点F在BC上,若DF∥平面EAC,求点F的位置;(2)求直线AB与平面EBC所成角的余弦值.参考答案一、选择题(本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分)在每小题所给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.点C是线段AB靠近点B的三等分点,下列正确的是()A.B.C.D.【答案】D【分析】根据共线向量的定义即可得结论.【解答】解:由题,点C是线段AB靠近点B的三等分点,=3=﹣3,所以选项A错误;=2=﹣2,所以选项B和选项C错误,选项D正确.故选:D.【知识点】平行向量(共线)、向量数乘和线性运算2.已知复数z满足z(3+i)=3+i2020,其中i为虚数单位,则z的共轭复数的虚部为()A.B.C.D.【答案】D【分析】直接利用复数代数形式的乘除运算化简,然后利用共轭复数的概念得答案.【解答】解:∵z(3+i)=3+i2020,i2020=(i2)1010=(﹣1)1010=1,∴z(3+i)=4,∴z=,∴=,∴共轭复数的虚部为,故选:D.【知识点】复数的运算3.如图,▱ABCD中,∠DAB=60°,AD=2AB=2,延长AB至点E,且AB=BE,则•的值为()A.﹣1 B.﹣3 C.1 D.【答案】C【分析】利用图形,求出数量积的向量,然后转化求解即可.【解答】解:由题意,▱ABCD中,∠DAB=60°,AD=2AB=2,延长AB至点E,且AB=BE,可知=+=,=﹣=﹣2,所以•=()•(﹣2)=﹣2﹣2=1.故选:C.【知识点】平面向量数量积的性质及其运算4.设i是虚数单位,则2i+3i2+4i3+……+2020i2019的值为()A.﹣1010﹣1010i B.﹣1011﹣1010iC.﹣1011﹣1012i D.1011﹣1010i【答案】B【分析】利用错位相减法、等比数列的求和公式及其复数的周期性即可得出.【解答】解:设S=2i+3i2+4i3+ (2020i2019)∴iS=2i2+3i3+ (2020i2020)则(1﹣i)S=i+i+i2+i3+……+i2019﹣2020i2020.==i+==﹣2021+i,∴S==.故选:B.【知识点】复数的运算5.如图,在正方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中,异面直线A1B与CD所成的角为()A.30°B.45°C.60°D.135°【答案】B【分析】易知∠ABA1即为所求,再由△ABA1为等腰直角三角形,得解.【解答】解:因为AB∥CD,所以∠ABA1即为异面直线A1B与CD所成的角,因为△ABA1为等腰直角三角形,所以∠ABA1=45°.故选:B.【知识点】异面直线及其所成的角6.在△ABC中,角A,B,C所对的边分别为a,b,c,若(a﹣2b)cos C=c(2cos B﹣cos A),△ABC的面积为a2sin,则C=()A.B.C.D.【答案】C【分析】先利用正弦定理将已知等式中的边化角,再结合两角和公式与三角形的内角和定理,可推出sin B=2sin A;然后利用三角形的面积公式、正弦定理,即可得解.【解答】解:由正弦定理知,==,∵(a﹣2b)cos C=c(2cos B﹣cos A),∴(sin A﹣2sin B)cos C=sin C(2cos B﹣cos A),即sin A cos C+sin C cos A=2(sin B cos C+cos B sin C),∴sin(A+C)=2sin(B+C),即sin B=2sin A.∵△ABC的面积为a2sin,∴S=bc sin A=a2sin,根据正弦定理得,sin B•sin C•sin A=sin2A•sin,化简得,sin B•sin cos=sin A•cos,∵∈(0,),∴cos>0,∴sin==,∴=,即C=.故选:C.【知识点】正弦定理、余弦定理7.在正方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中,下列四个结论中错误的是()A.直线B1C与直线AC所成的角为60°B.直线B1C与平面AD1C所成的角为60°C.直线B1C与直线AD1所成的角为90°D.直线B1C与直线AB所成的角为90°【答案】B【分析】连接AB1,求出∠ACB1可判断选项A;连接B1D1,找出点B1在平面AD1C上的投影O,设直线B1C与平面AD1C所成的角为θ,由cosθ=可判断选项B;利用平移法找出选项C和D涉及的异面直线夹角,再进行相关运算,即可得解.【解答】解:连接AB1,∵△AB1C为等边三角形,∴∠ACB1=60°,即直线B1C与AC所成的角为60°,故选项A正确;连接B1D1,∵AB1=B1C=CD1=AD1,∴四面体AB1CD1是正四面体,∴点B1在平面AD1C上的投影为△AD1C的中心,设为点O,连接B1O,OC,则OC=BC,设直线B1C与平面AD1C所成的角为θ,则cosθ===≠,故选项B错误;连接BC1,∵AD1∥BC1,且B1C⊥BC1,∴直线B1C与AD1所成的角为90°,故选项C正确;∵AB⊥平面BCC1B1,∴AB⊥B1C,即直线B1C与AB所成的角为90°,故选项D正确.故选:B.【知识点】直线与平面所成的角、异面直线及其所成的角8.如图,四边形ABCD为正方形,四边形EFBD为矩形,且平面ABCD与平面EFBD互相垂直.若多面体ABCDEF的体积为,则该多面体外接球表面积的最小值为()A.6πB.8πC.12πD.16π【答案】A【分析】由题意可得AC⊥面EFBD,可得V ABCDEF=V C﹣EFBD+V A﹣EFBD=2V A﹣EFBD,再由多面体ABCDEF 的体积为,可得矩形EFBD的高与正方形ABCD的边长之间的关系,再由题意可得矩形EFBD的对角线的交点为外接球的球心,进而求出外接球的半径,再由均值不等式可得外接球的半径的最小值,进而求出外接球的表面积的最小值.【解答】解:设正方形ABCD的边长为a,矩形BDEF的高为b,因为正方形ABCD,所以AC⊥BD,设AC∩BD=O',由因为平面ABCD与平面EFBD互相垂直,AC⊂面ABCD,平面ABCD∩平面EFBD=BD,所以AC⊥面EFBD,所以V ABCDEF=V C﹣EFBD+V A﹣EFBD=2V A﹣EFBD=2•S EFBD•CO'=•a•b•a =a2b,由题意可得V ABCDEF=,所以a2b=2;所以a2=,矩形EFBD的对角线的交点O,连接OO',可得OO'⊥BD,而OO'⊂面EFBD,而平面ABCD⊥平面EFBD,平面ABCD∩平面EFBD=BD,所以OO'⊥面EFBD,可得OA=OB=OE=OF都为外接球的半径R,所以R2=()2+(a)2=+=+=++≥3=3×,当且仅当=即b=时等号成立.所以外接球的表面积为S=4πR2≥4π•3×=6π.所以外接球的表面积最小值为6π.故选:A.【知识点】球的体积和表面积二、多选题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,选对得分,选错、少选不得分)9.在△ABC中,角A,B,C的对边分别为a,b,c,若a2=b2+bc,则角A可为()A.B.C.D.【答案】BC【分析】由已知利用余弦定理整理可得cos A=,对于A,若A=,可得b=<0,错误;对于B,若A=,可得b=>0,对于C,若A=,可得b=>0,对于D,若A=,可得c=0,错误,即可得解.【解答】解:因为在△ABC中,a2=b2+bc,又由余弦定理可得:a2=b2+c2﹣2bc cos A,所以b2+bc=b2+c2﹣2bc cos A,整理可得:c=b(1+2cos A),可得:cos A=,对于A,若A=,可得:﹣=,整理可得:b=<0,错误;对于B,若A=,可得:=,整理可得:b=>0,对于C,若A=,可得:cos==,整理可得:b=>0,对于D,若A=,可得:cos=﹣=,整理可得:c=0,错误.故选:BC.【知识点】余弦定理10.如图,四边形ABCD为直角梯形,∠D=90°,AB∥CD,AB=2CD,M,N分别为AB,CD的中点,则下列结论正确的是()A.B.C.D.【答案】ABC【分析】由向量的加减法法则、平面向量基本定理解决【解答】解:由,知A正确;由知B正确;由知C正确;由N为线段DC的中点知知D错误;故选:ABC.【知识点】向量数乘和线性运算、平面向量的基本定理11.下列说法正确的有()A.任意两个复数都不能比大小B.若z=a+bi(a∈R,b∈R),则当且仅当a=b=0时,z=0C.若z1,z2∈C,且z12+z22=0,则z1=z2=0D.若复数z满足|z|=1,则|z+2i|的最大值为3【答案】BD【分析】通过复数的基本性质,结合反例,以及复数的模,判断命题的真假即可.【解答】解:当两个复数都是实数时,可以比较大小,所以A不正确;复数的实部与虚部都是0时,复数是0,所以B正确;反例z1=1,z2=i,满足z12+z22=0,所以C不正确;复数z满足|z|=1,则|z+2i|的几何意义,是复数的对应点到(0,﹣2)的距离,它的最大值为3,所以D正确;故选:BD.【知识点】复数的模、复数的运算、虚数单位i、复数、命题的真假判断与应用12.如图,已知ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1为正方体,E,F分别是BC,A1C的中点,则()A.B.C.向量与向量的夹角是60°D.异面直线EF与DD1所成的角为45°【答案】ABD【分析】在正方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中,建立合适的空间直角坐标系,设正方体的棱长为2,根据空间向量的坐标运算,以及异面直线所成角的向量求法,逐项判断即可.【解答】解:在正方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中,以点A为坐标原点,分别以AB,AD,AA1为x 轴、y轴、z轴建立空间直角坐标系,设正方体的棱长为2,则A(0,0,0),A1(0,0,2),B(2,0,0),B1(2,0,2),C (2,2,0),D(0,2,0),D1(0,2,2),所以,故,故选项A正确;又,又,所以,,则,故选项B正确;,所以,因此与的夹角为120°,故选项C错误;因为E,F分别是BC,A1C的中点,所以E(2,1,0),F(1,1,1),则,所以,又异面直线的夹角大于0°小于等于90°,所以异面直线EF与DD1所成的角为45°,故选项D正确;故选:ABD.【知识点】异面直线及其所成的角三、填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.不需写出解答过程,请把答案直接填写在横线上)13.已知正方形ABCD的边长为2,点P满足=(+),则||=;•=.【分析】根据向量的几何意义可得P为BC的中点,再根据向量的数量积的运算和正方形的性质即可求出.【解答】解:由=(+),可得P为BC的中点,则|CP|=1,∴|PD|==,∴•=•(+)=﹣•(+)=﹣2﹣•=﹣1,故答案为:,﹣1.【知识点】平面向量数量积的性质及其运算14.若虛数z1、z2是实系数一元二次方程x2+px+q=0的两个根,且,则pq=.【答案】1【分析】设z1=a+bi,则z2=a﹣bi,(a,b∈R),根据两个复数相等的充要条件求出z1,z2,再由根与系数的关系求得p,q的值.【解答】解:由题意可知z1与z2为共轭复数,设z1=a+bi,则z2=a﹣bi,(a,b∈R 且b≠0),又,则a2﹣b2+2abi=a﹣bi,∴(2a+b)+(a+2b)i=1﹣i,∴,解得.∴z1=+i,z2=i,(或z2=+i,z1=i).由根与系数的关系,得p=﹣(z1+z2)=1,q=z1•z2=1,∴pq=1.故答案为:1.【知识点】复数的运算15.已知平面四边形ABCD中,AB=AD=2,BC=CD=BD=2,将△ABD沿对角线BD折起,使点A到达点A'的位置,当A'C=时,三棱锥A﹣BCD的外接球的体积为.【分析】由题意画出图形,找出三棱锥外接球的位置,求解三角形可得外接球的半径,再由棱锥体积公式求解.【解答】解:记BD的中点为M,连接A′M,CM,可得A′M2+CM2=A′C2,则∠A′MC=90°,则外接球的球心O在△A′MC的边A′C的中垂线上,且过正三角形BCD的中点F,且在与平面BCD垂直的直线m上,过点A′作A′E⊥m于点E,如图所示,设外接球的半径为R,则A′O=OC=R,,A′E=1,在Rt△A′EO中,A′O2=A′E2+OE2,解得R=.故三棱锥A﹣BCD的外接球的体积为.故答案为:.【知识点】球的体积和表面积16.已知一圆锥底面圆的直径为3,圆锥的高为,在该圆锥内放置一个棱长为a的正四面体,并且正四面体在该几何体内可以任意转动,则a的最大值为.【分析】根据题意,该四面体内接于圆锥的内切球,通过内切球即可得到a的最大值.【解答】解:依题意,四面体可以在圆锥内任意转动,故该四面体内接于圆锥的内切球,设球心为P,球的半径为r,下底面半径为R,轴截面上球与圆锥母线的切点为Q,圆锥的轴截面如图:则OA=OB=,因为SO=,故可得:SA=SB==3,所以:三角形SAB为等边三角形,故P是△SAB的中心,连接BP,则BP平分∠SBA,所以∠PBO=30°;所以tan30°=,即r=R=×=,即四面体的外接球的半径为r=.另正四面体可以从正方体中截得,如图:从图中可以得到,当正四面体的棱长为a时,截得它的正方体的棱长为a,而正四面体的四个顶点都在正方体上,故正四面体的外接球即为截得它的正方体的外接球,所以2r=AA1=a=a,所以a=.即a的最大值为.故答案为:.【知识点】旋转体(圆柱、圆锥、圆台)四、解答题(本大题共6小题,共70分.请在答题卡指定区域内作答,解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)17.在四边形ABCD中,AB∥CD,AD=BD=CD=1.(1)若AB=,求BC;(2)若AB=2BC,求cos∠BDC.【分析】(1)直接利用余弦定理的应用求出结果;(2)利用余弦定理的应用建立等量关系式,进一步求出结果.【解答】解:(1)在四边形ABCD中,AD=BD=CD=1.若AB=,所以:cos∠ADB==,由于AB∥CD,所以∠BDC=∠ABD,即cos∠BDC=cos∠ABD=,所以BC2=BD2+CD2﹣2•BD•CD•cos∠BDC==,所以BC=.(2)设BC=x,则AB=2BC=2x,由余弦定理得:cos∠ADB==,cos∠BDC===,故,解得或﹣(负值舍去).所以.【知识点】余弦定理18.(1)已知z1=1﹣2i,z2=3+4i,求满足=+的复数z.(2)已知z,ω为复数,(1+3i)﹣z为纯虚数,ω=,且|ω|=5.求复数ω.【分析】(1)把z1,z2代入=+,利用复数代数形式的乘除运算化简求出,进一步求出z;(2)设z=a+bi(a,b∈R),利用复数的运算及(1+3i)•z=(1+3i)(a+bi)=a﹣3b+(3a+b)i为纯虚数,可得,又ω==i,|ω|=5,可得,即可得出a,b,再代入可得ω.【解答】解:(1)由z1=1﹣2i,z2=3+4i,得=+==,则z=;(2)设z=a+bi(a,b∈R),∵(1+3i)•z=(1+3i)(a+bi)=a﹣3b+(3a+b)i为纯虚数,∴.又ω===i,|ω|=5,∴.把a=3b代入化为b2=25,解得b=±5,∴a=±15.∴ω=±(i)=±(7﹣i).【知识点】复数的运算19.如图,墙上有一壁画,最高点A离地面4米,最低点B离地面2米.观察者从距离墙x(x>1)米,离地面高a(1≤a≤2)米的C处观赏该壁画,设观赏视角∠ACB=θ.(1)若a=1.5,问:观察者离墙多远时,视角θ最大?(2)若tanθ=,当a变化时,求x的取值范围.【分析】(1)首项利用两角和的正切公式建立函数关系,进一步利用判别式确定函数的最大值;(2)利用两角和的正切公式建立函数关系,利用a的取值范围即可确定x的范围.【解答】解:(1)如图,作CD⊥AF于D,则CD=EF,设∠ACD=α,∠BCD=β,CD=x,则θ=α﹣β,在Rt△ACD和Rt△BCD中,tanα=,tanβ=,则tanθ=tan(α﹣β)==(x>0),令u=,则ux2﹣2x+1.25u=0,∵上述方程有大于0的实数根,∴△≥0,即4﹣4×1.25u2≥0,∴u≤,即(tanθ)max=,∵正切函数y=tan x在(0,)上是增函数,∴视角θ同时取得最大值,此时,x==,∴观察者离墙米远时,视角θ最大;(2)由(1)可知,tanθ===,即x2﹣4x+4=﹣a2+6a﹣4,∴(x﹣2)2=﹣(a﹣3)2+5,∵1≤a≤2,∴1≤(x﹣2)2≤4,化简得:0≤x≤1或3≤x≤4,又∵x>1,∴3≤x≤4.【知识点】解三角形20.如图,已知复平面内平行四边形ABCD中,点A对应的复数为﹣1,对应的复数为2+2i,对应的复数为4﹣4i.(Ⅰ)求D点对应的复数;(Ⅱ)求平行四边形ABCD的面积.【分析】(I)利用复数的几何意义、向量的坐标运算性质、平行四边形的性质即可得出.(II)利用向量垂直与数量积的关系、模的计算公式、矩形的面积计算公式即可得出.【解答】解:(Ⅰ)依题点A对应的复数为﹣1,对应的复数为2+2i,得A(﹣1,0),=(2,2),可得B(1,2).又对应的复数为4﹣4i,得=(4,﹣4),可得C(5,﹣2).设D点对应的复数为x+yi,x,y∈R.得=(x﹣5,y+2),=(﹣2,﹣2).∵ABCD为平行四边形,∴=,解得x=3,y=﹣4,故D点对应的复数为3﹣4i.(Ⅱ)=(2,2),=(4,﹣4),可得:=0,∴.又||=2,=4.故平行四边形ABCD的面积==16.【知识点】复数的代数表示法及其几何意义21.如图所示,等腰梯形ABFE是由正方形ABCD和两个全等的Rt△FCB和Rt△EDA组成,AB=1,CF=2.现将Rt△FCB沿BC所在的直线折起,点F移至点G,使二面角E﹣BC﹣G的大小为60°.(1)求四棱锥G﹣ABCE的体积;(2)求异面直线AE与BG所成角的大小.【分析】(1)推导出GC⊥BC,EC⊥BC,从而∠ECG=60°.连接DG,推导出DG⊥EF,由BC⊥EF,BC⊥CG,得BC⊥平面DEG,从而DG⊥BC,进而DG⊥平面ABCE,DG是四棱锥G ﹣ABCE的高,由此能求出四棱锥G﹣ABCE的体积.(2)取DE的中点H,连接BH、GH,则BH∥AE,∠GBH既是AE与BG所成角或其补角.由此能求出异面直线AE与BG所成角的大小.【解答】解:(1)由已知,有GC⊥BC,EC⊥BC,所以∠ECG=60°.连接DG,由CD=AB=1,CG=CF=2,∠ECG=60°,有DG⊥EF①,由BC⊥EF,BC⊥CG,有BC⊥平面DEG,所以,DG⊥BC②,由①②知,DG⊥平面ABCE,所以DG就是四棱锥G﹣ABCE的高,在Rt△CDG中,.故四棱锥G﹣ABCE的体积为:.(2)取DE的中点H,连接BH、GH,则BH∥AE,故∠GBH既是AE与BG所成角或其补角.在△BGH中,,,则.故异面直线AE与BG所成角的大小为.【知识点】异面直线及其所成的角、棱柱、棱锥、棱台的体积22.如图,四边形MABC中,△ABC是等腰直角三角形,AC⊥BC,△MAC是边长为2的正三角形,以AC为折痕,将△MAC向上折叠到△DAC的位置,使点D在平面ABC内的射影在AB上,再将△MAC向下折叠到△EAC的位置,使平面EAC⊥平面ABC,形成几何体DABCE.(1)点F在BC上,若DF∥平面EAC,求点F的位置;(2)求直线AB与平面EBC所成角的余弦值.【分析】(1)点F为BC的中点,设点D在平面ABC内的射影为O,连接OD,OC,取AC 的中点H,连接EH,由题意知EH⊥AC,EH⊥平面ABC,由题意知DO⊥平面ABC,得DO∥平面EAC,取BC的中点F,连接OF,则OF∥AC,从而OF∥平面EAC,平面DOF∥平面EAC,由此能证明DF∥平面EAC.(2)连接OH,由OF,OH,OD两两垂直,以O为坐标原点,OF,OH,OD所在直线分别为x,y,z轴,建立空间直角坐标系,利用向量法能求出直线AB与平面EBC所成角的余弦值.【解答】解:(1)点F为BC的中点,理由如下:设点D在平面ABC内的射影为O,连接OD,OC,∵AD=CD,∴OA=OC,∴在Rt△ABC中,O为AB的中点,取AC的中点H,连接EH,由题意知EH⊥AC,又平面EAC⊥平面ABC,平面EAC∩平面ABC=AC,∴EH⊥平面ABC,由题意知DO⊥平面ABC,∴DO∥EH,∴DO∥平面EAC,取BC的中点F,连接OF,则OF∥AC,又OF⊄平面EAC,AC⊂平面EAC,∴OF∥平面EAC,∵DO∩OF=O,∴平面DOF∥平面EAC,∵DF⊂平面DOF,∴DF∥平面EAC.(2)连接OH,由(1)可知OF,OH,OD两两垂直,以O为坐标原点,OF,OH,OD所在直线分别为x,y,z轴,建立如图所示空间直角坐标系,则B(1,﹣1,0),A(﹣1,1,0),E(0,1,﹣),C(1,1,0),∴=(2,﹣2,0),=(0,2,0),=(﹣1,2,﹣),设平面EBC的法向量=(a,b,c),则,取a=,则=(,0,﹣1),设直线与平面EBC所成的角为θ,则sinθ===.∴直线AB与平面EBC所成角的余弦值为cosθ==.【知识点】直线与平面平行、直线与平面所成的角人教版高一下学期期中考试数学试卷(二)注意事项:本试卷满分150分,考试时间120分钟,试题共22题.答卷前,考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、班级等信息填写在试卷规定的位置.一、选择题(本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分)在每小题所给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.(2﹣i)z对应的点位于虚轴的正半轴上,则复数z对应的点位于()1.已知复平面内,A.第一象限B.第二象限C.第三象限D.第四象限2.平行四边形ABCD中,点E是DC的中点,点F是BC的一个三等分点(靠近B),则=()A.B.C.D.3.已知向量=(6t+3,9),=(4t+2,8),若(+)∥(﹣),则t=()A.﹣1 B.﹣C.D.14.已知矩形ABCD的一边AB的长为4,点M,N分别在边BC,DC上,当M,N分别是边BC,DC的中点时,有(+)•=0.若+=x+y,x+y=3,则线段MN的最短长度为()A.B.2 C.2D.25.若z∈C且|z+3+4i|≤2,则|z﹣1﹣i|的最大和最小值分别为M,m,则M﹣m的值等于()A.3 B.4 C.5 D.96.已知球的半径为R,一等边圆锥(圆锥母线长与圆锥底面直径相等)位于球内,圆锥顶点在球上,底面与球相接,则该圆锥的表面积为()A.R2B.R2C.R2D.R27.农历五月初五是端午节,民间有吃粽子的习惯,粽子又称粽籺,俗称“粽子”,古称“角黍”,是端午节大家都会品尝的食品,传说这是为了纪念战国时期楚国大臣、爱国主义诗人屈原.小明在和家人一起包粽子时,想将一丸子(近似为球)包入其中,如图,将粽叶展开后得到由六个边长为4的等边三角形所构成的平行四边形,将粽叶沿虚线折起来,可以得到如图所示的粽子形状的六面体,则放入丸子的体积最大值为()A.πB.πC.πD.π8.已知半球O与圆台OO'有公共的底面,圆台上底面圆周在半球面上,半球的半径为1,则圆台侧面积取最大值时,圆台母线与底面所成角的余弦值为()A.B.C.D.二、多选题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,选对得分,选错、少选不得分)9.下列有关向量命题,不正确的是()A.若||=||,则=B.已知≠,且•=•,则=C.若=,=,则=D.若=,则||=||且∥10.若复数z满足,则()A.z=﹣1+i B.z的实部为1 C.=1+i D.z2=2i11.如图,在平行四边形ABCD中,E,F分别为线段AD,CD的中点,AF∩CE=G,则()A.B.C.D.12.已知正方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1,棱长为2,E为线段B1C上的动点,O为AC的中点,P 为棱CC1上的动点,Q为棱AA1的中点,则以下选项中正确的有()A.AE⊥B1CB.直线B1D⊥平面A1BC1C.异面直线AD1与OC1所成角为D.若直线m为平面BDP与平面B1D1P的交线,则m∥平面B1D1Q三、填空题(本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.不需写出解答过程,请把答案直接填写在横线上)13.已知向量=(m,1),=(m﹣6,m﹣4),若∥,则m的值为.14.将表面积为36π的圆锥沿母线将其侧面展开,得到一个圆心角为的扇形,则该圆锥的轴截面的面积S=.15.如图,已知有两个以O为圆心的同心圆,小圆的半径为1,大圆的半径为2,点A 为小圆上的动点,点P,Q是大圆上的两个动点,且•=1,则||的最大值是.16.如图,在三棱锥A﹣BCD的平面展开图中,已知四边形BCED为菱形,BC=1,BF=,若二面角A﹣CD﹣B的余弦值为﹣,M为BD的中点,则CD=,直线AD与直线CM所成角的余弦值为.四、解答题(本大题共6小题,共70分.请在答题卡指定区域内作答,解答时应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)17.已知,.(1)若与同向,求;(2)若与的夹角为120°,求.18.已知a、b、c是△ABC中∠A、∠B、∠C的对边,a=4,b=6,cos A=﹣.(1)求c;(2)求cos2B的值.19.已知:复数z1与z2在复平面上所对应的点关于y轴对称,且z1(1﹣i)=z2(1+i)(i为虚数单位),|z1|=.(Ⅰ)求z1的值;(Ⅱ)若z1的虚部大于零,且(m,n∈R),求m,n的值.20.(Ⅰ)在复数范围内解方程|z|2+(z+)i=(i为虚数单位)(Ⅱ)设z是虚数,ω=z+是实数,且﹣1<ω<2.(1)求|z|的值及z的实部的取值范围;(2)设,求证:μ为纯虚数;(3)在(2)的条件下求ω﹣μ2的最小值.21.如图,直三棱柱A1B1C1﹣ABC中,AB=AC=1,,A1A=4,点M为线段A1A 的中点.(1)求直三棱柱A1B1C1﹣ABC的体积;(2)求异面直线BM与B1C1所成的角的大小.(结果用反三角表示)22.如图所示,在正方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1中,点G在棱D1C1上,且D1G=D1C1,点E、F、M分别是棱AA1、AB、BC的中点,P为线段B1D上一点,AB=4.(Ⅰ)若平面EFP交平面DCC1D1于直线l,求证:l∥A1B;(Ⅱ)若直线B1D⊥平面EFP.(i)求三棱锥B1﹣EFP的表面积;(ii)试作出平面EGM与正方体ABCD﹣A1B1C1D1各个面的交线,并写出作图步骤,保留作图痕迹.设平面EGM与棱A1D1交于点Q,求三棱锥Q﹣EFP的体积.答案解析一、选择题(本大题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分)在每小题所给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.(2﹣i)z对应的点位于虚轴的正半轴上,则复数z对应的点位于()1.已知复平面内,A.第一象限B.第二象限C.第三象限D.第四象限【答案】B【分析】直接利用复数的运算和几何意义的应用求出该点所表示的位置.【解答】解:设z=a+bi(a,b∈R),所以(2﹣i)(a+bi)=2a+b+(2b﹣a)i,由于对应的点在虚轴的正半轴上,所以,即,所以a<0,b>0.故该点在第二象限.故选:B.【知识点】复数的代数表示法及其几何意义2.平行四边形ABCD中,点E是DC的中点,点F是BC的一个三等分点(靠近B),则=()A.B.C.D.【答案】D【分析】利用平行四边形的性质以及向量相等的概念,再利用平面向量基本定理进行转化即可.【解答】解:因为ABCD为平行四边形,所以,故.故选:D.【知识点】平面向量的基本定理3.已知向量=(6t+3,9),=(4t+2,8),若(+)∥(﹣),则t=()A.﹣1 B.﹣C.D.1【答案】B【分析】根据平面向量的坐标表示和共线定理,列方程求出t的值.【解答】解:向量=(6t+3,9),=(4t+2,8),所以+=(6t+3,11),﹣=(4t+2,5).又(+)∥(﹣),所以5(6t+3)﹣11(4t+2)=0,解得t=﹣.故选:B.【知识点】平面向量共线(平行)的坐标表示4.已知矩形ABCD的一边AB的长为4,点M,N分别在边BC,DC上,当M,N分别是边BC,DC的中点时,有(+)•=0.若+=x+y,x+y=3,则线段MN的最短长度为()A.B.2 C.2D.2【答案】D【分析】先根据M,N满足的条件,将(+)•=0化成的表达式,从而判断出矩形ABCD为正方形;再将+=x+y,左边用表示出来,结合x+y =3,即可得NC+MC=4,最后借助于基本不等式求出MN的最小值.【解答】解:当M,N分别是边BC,DC的中点时,有(+)•===,所以AD=AB,则矩形ABCD为正方形,设,,则=.则x=2﹣λ,y=2﹣μ.又x+y=3,所以λ+μ=1.故NC+MC=4,则MN==(当且仅当MC=NC=2时取等号).故线段MN的最短长度为2.故选:D.【知识点】平面向量数量积的性质及其运算5.若z∈C且|z+3+4i|≤2,则|z﹣1﹣i|的最大和最小值分别为M,m,则M﹣m的值等于()A.3 B.4 C.5 D.9【答案】B【分析】由题意画出图形,再由复数模的几何意义,数形结合得答案.【解答】解:由|z+3+4i|≤2,得z在复平面内对应的点在以Q(﹣3,﹣4)为圆心,以2为半径的圆及其内部.如图:|z﹣1﹣i|的几何意义为区域内的动点与定点P得距离,则M=|PQ|+2,m=|PQ|﹣2,则M﹣m=4.故选:B.【知识点】复数的运算6.已知球的半径为R,一等边圆锥(圆锥母线长与圆锥底面直径相等)位于球内,圆锥顶点在球上,底面与球相接,则该圆锥的表面积为()A.R2B.R2C.R2D.R2【答案】B【分析】设圆锥的底面半径为r,求得圆锥的高,由球的截面性质,运用勾股定理可得r,由圆锥的表面积公式可得所求.【解答】解:如图,设圆锥的底面半径为r,则圆锥的高为r,则R2=r2+(r﹣R)2,解得r=R,则圆锥的表面积为S=πr2+πr•2r=3πr2=3π(R)2=πR2,故选:B.【知识点】球内接多面体、旋转体(圆柱、圆锥、圆台)7.农历五月初五是端午节,民间有吃粽子的习惯,粽子又称粽籺,俗称“粽子”,古称“角黍”,是端午节大家都会品尝的食品,传说这是为了纪念战国时期楚国大臣、爱国主义诗人屈原.小明在和家人一起包粽子时,想将一丸子(近似为球)包入其中,如图,将粽叶展开后得到由六个边长为4的等边三角形所构成的平行四边形,将粽叶沿虚线折起来,可以得到如图所示的粽子形状的六面体,则放入丸子的体积最大值为()A.πB.πC.πD.π【答案】A【分析】先根据题意求得正四面体的体积,进而得到六面体的体积,再由图形的对称性得,内部的丸子要是体积最大,就是丸子要和六个面相切,设丸子的半径为R,则,由此求得R,进而得到答案.【解答】解:由题意可得每个三角形面积为,由对称性可知该六面体是由两个正四面体合成的,可得该四面体的高为,故四面体的体积为,∵该六面体的体积是正四面体的2倍,。

河南省洛阳市2023-2024学年高一下学期4月期中考试 数学含答案

河南省洛阳市2023-2024学年高一下学期4月期中考试 数学含答案

洛阳市2023——2024学年第二学期期中考试高一数学试卷(答案在最后)本试卷共4页,共150分。

考试时间120分钟。

注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、考号填写在答题卡上。

2.考试结束,将答题卡交回。

一、单项选择题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。

1.已知i 为虚数单位,42ii 1i-+=+()A .13i -B .12i-C .1+2iD .1+3i2.若直线α在平面β外,则()A .αβ∥B .α与β至多有一个公共点C .α与β没有公共点D .α与β至少有一个公共点3.已知向量a ,b 满足10a b ⋅= ,且()4,3b =- ,则a 在b上的投影向量为()A .86,55⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭B .86,55⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭C .()8,6-D .()8,6-4.ABC △中,内角A ,B ,C 所对的边分别为a ,b ,c ,cos 25C =,2BC =,5AC =,则AB =()A .BCD 5.如图,正方体1111ABCD A B C D -的八个顶点中,其中A ,1B ,C ,1D 恰好是正四面体的顶点,则此正四面体的体积与正方体的体积之比为()A .B .1:C .1:3D .1:46.已知ABC △的内角A ,B ,C 所对的边分别是a ,b ,c ,满足下列条件的ABC △有两解的是()A .2a =,3b =,60C =︒B .1a =,2b =,45A =︒C .6a =,8b =,40A =︒D .2a =,3b =,c ∈Z7.长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,2AB BC ==,11BB =,M 为11A B 的中点,P 为下底面ABCD 上一点,若直线11PD BMC ∥平面,则1D DP △的面积的最小值为()A.5B.2C.2D .18.如图,正方形ABCD 的边长为a ,顶点A ,D 分别在x 轴的正半轴、y 轴的正半轴上移动.若8OB OC ⋅≤,则a 的最大值是()A .1B .2C.D .4二、多项选择题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分。

精品解析:河北省唐山市2023-2024学年高一下学期5月期中英语试题(解析版)

精品解析:河北省唐山市2023-2024学年高一下学期5月期中英语试题(解析版)

唐山市十县一中联盟2023-2024学年度高一年级第二学期期中考试英语第二部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共10小题;每小题2.5分,满分25分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

AIt is a cold, dark winter evening — the kind of night that can have runners struggling to find the encouragement to run out. But there will be none of the usual “shall-I-shan’t-I?” dialogue going on in Sarah Donaghy’s head, because tonight is Food Bank Run.Donaghy, a teacher and the welfare officer for Fareham running club, organised the first Food Bank Run in February 2018. “The idea was that, instead of our usual training run, we’d fill backpacks with food to donate to the local food bank and run there, where volunteers would be waiting to receive it,” she says. Donaghy was expecting about 20 members to take part: “I lost count by the time I got to 70.”Claire Johnson, the community team leader at the Waypoint Hub, which houses food bank, says, “It was an amazing and emotional experience to see so many runners arrive at our building, bringing much-needed supplies.” But it wasn’t just the food bank that benefited from it. “The runners loved it,” says Donaghy. “The following week after the first run, they were all asking when we could do it again.”A running equipment company, Runr, joined to help with publicity and event cooperation, creating a Food Bank Run website, complete with an interactive (交互式的) map of events. “Last year, more than 500 running groups, clubs, events and parkruns got involved, donating more than 77 tonnes of supplies to food banks in their communities,” says Craig Winter, one of the founders of Runr.The event spreads a significant factor — joining with others in physical activity that has a real purpose. It is not “I must do this long run because I’m training for a marathon” or “I must exercise because I’m trying to lose weight”, but something greater. “I truly believe that running for a cause changes your view,” Donaghy says. “Yes, you could do it by entering a marathon and raising money for a charity, but there’s something quite special about handing over food that’s going to someone in your community who really needs it.”21. What did runners do in the Food Bank Run?A. They performed their usual training.B. They prepared food for the volunteers.C. They delivered food to the local food bank.D. They collected donations during the run.22. How did Johnson feel about the first Food Bank Run?A. Appreciative.B. Puzzled.C. Worried.D. Curious.23. What can we learn about Runr?A. It becomes popular online.B. It helps organize activities.C. It designs the running route.D. It provides free running shoes.24. What is the best title of the text?A. Advertise for a ClubB. Run for a Good CauseC. The Power of RunningD. The Charm of Volunteering【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B 24. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道,主要讲述了Sarah Donaghy组织了一次名为“食品银行跑”的活动,跑步者们背着装满食物的背包跑步,然后将食物捐给当地的食品银行。

精品解析:浙江省七彩阳光联盟2023-2024学年高一下学期4月期中英语试题(原卷版)

精品解析:浙江省七彩阳光联盟2023-2024学年高一下学期4月期中英语试题(原卷版)

绝密★考试结束前2023学年第二学期浙江“七彩阳光”新高考研究联盟期中联考高一年级英语学科试题第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AFour houseplants that anyone can growFilling your home with greenery is something that can improve the quality of your indoor air, and help you to relax. So turn your brown thumb green by picking some of these houseplants.Snake PlantSnake plants have thicker leaves for keeping water even in drought conditions. They can also tolerate (经受) medium to bright light so you should keep them near a window. But one of the best things about snake plants is that they are great for cleaning indoor air.Christmas CactusThe Christmas cactus is one of the most beautiful plants of the holiday season and it seems to be able to do best even if you ignore it. The cactus can tolerate low light but will produce more pink or red flowers in bright light. Getting the plant to produce flowers for the season is a bit harder because it will have to be kept cool beginning in November. Just leave the cactus beside a window at home with the heat off.Jade PlantJade plants can make your home more beautiful with its bright egg-shaped leaves. The plant does well in any lighting and doesn’t need to be watered very often because it stores water in its leaves. This plant is also simple to propagate (繁殖) so you can have one in every room of your home.Aloe VeraAloe vera needs very little water, indirect sunlight, and can live in the same pot for years. But you may not know that aloe vera is a plant that can help heal(治愈) minor cuts and burns like sunburns so it is a great addition for your home. When you are cutting leaves to use, don’t cut off more than a third of the plant at one time.21. What is the author’s advice on making Christmas cactus flower in winter?A. Paying no much attention to it.B. Keeping it growing in low light.C. Putting it somewhere cool.D. Planting it during the holiday season.22. What do snake plants and jade plants have in common?A. They do well in any lighting.B. They are easy to produce new plants.C. They can grow better in drought conditions.D. They can store water in their leaves.23. Which of the following can describe aloe vera?A. It can adapt to any environment.B. It can be used as medicine.C. It is difficult to propagate.D. It protects people from the sun.BHiao Khanh, 29, is a member of the Community Malaria (疟疾). Action Team in ChưRcăm commune, Krông pa district, Gia Lai province, which is known for having the highest number of malaria cases in Vietnam. In 2020, more than 200 cases were reported across the district.Hiao Khanh has been working in malaria prevention and control since 2019, after he recovered from malaria. “It was a near-death experience,” said Hiao Khanh. “I had a high fever before getting medical support. After that, I was determined to help reduce sickness and deaths from malaria in my community.”People in this community depend heavily on the forest to earn a living. They go into the forest to work, and sleep there, putting them at high risk of contracting (感染) malaria. When it rains, the community’s various forest settlements are nearly cut off as the dirt roads are flooded. Hiao Khanh and his team need to use motorbikes to reach different parts of the community to help protect people from malaria.The team’s main activities are to raise awareness about malaria prevention, provide protective items, and find out people who might have malaria and then transport them to healthcare facilities for testing.With the right treatment, patients can now be cured in a shorter period of time. However, ensuring individuals stay on track with their treatment remains a challenge. Forest workers, for example, often prefer to return to work as soon as their fever breaks. Part of Hiao Khanh’s work is to find and persuade (说服) patients to come back for treatment. Communication is an important aspect of his team’s work. They actively listen to people’s concerns, respond to their questions, and stress the importance of completing the full treatment course. “Just a ‘thank you’ from the people is enough to give me strength to continue this job to reduce malaria in my homeland,” said Hiao Khanh.24. What led Hiao Khanh to take an active role in malaria prevention and control?A. His suffering from malaria.B. A report about malaria cases in Vietnam.C. His visit to a nearby forest.D. The deaths from malaria in his community.25. What can be inferred from paragraph 3?A. It often rains in Hiao Khanh’s hometown.B. The community is accessible only by motorbikes.C. Natural disasters frequently hit Hiao Khanh’s hometown.D Forests are not beneficial to malaria control.26. Which of the following is part of the work of the Community Malaria Action Team?A. Treating patients with malaria.B. Educating people about malaria prevention.C. Relocating villagers to other places.D. Improving hospitals and healthcare facilities.27. What is a challenge in Hiao Khanh’s work?A. Curing patients in a short period of time.B. Persuading the villagers to leave the forests.C Talking patients into finishing the full treatment.D. Responding to patients’questioning of his ability.CAs a young music therapist in Colorado, Shannon de L’Etoile saw that when mothers were encouraged to sing to their babies, they were amazed by the positive responses they received. She quickly realized that music could be a powerful tool for helping mothers learn more about their infants (婴儿). Soon, de L’Etoile began researching the practice, called infant-directed singing. She says it helps babies learn to regulate their feelings, which allows them to later behave well in school, and in the social and professional world.“If a mother can sing in a way that catches the infant’s attention, it can help to promote the development of the infant’s brain,” said de L’Etoile. “Infant-directed singing is a way in which mothers can communicate with their babies that most infants can recognize and respond to. But mothers need to be sensitive to infant cues (提示).”De L’Etoile is working with people at the Linda Ray Intervention Center to create a coaching program that will guide mothers in the practice. She is now in the process of training workers at the center, who will coach mothers for a month in the most beneficial ways to sing to their infants. The process includes watching and recording mothers as they sing to their infants and then showing these mothers how they can be sensitive to their infants’ feelings while singing. Mothers will be able to notice if the infant is benefiting because the baby will look longer at the mother and reach a happy state.As part of the study, after each mother completes the training, de L’Etoile will work with a music engineering program to study recordings of the mother’s voice. The study result can show changes over time in the mother’s ability to change her singing according to the infant’s feelings. Videos of the babies will also be studied to discover their connections with their mothers over time. De L’Etoile has been working closely with center workers to develop the program so that it will meet the needs of different families.28. What does the underlined word “regulate” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Manage.B. Produce.C. Hide.D. Observe.29. What can we learn from paragraph 2?A. Building a positive parent-child relationship is hard.B. Not all mothers’singing helps develop the infant’s brain.C. Mothers can benefit from singing to their babies.D. Singing is the best way to comfort babies.30. What is the purpose of de L’Etoile’s coaching program?A. To train babies to respond to their mothers.B. To get babies to reach a happy state.C. To help mothers notice the babies’ feelings.D. To teach mothers to sing to babies effectively.31. How will de L’Etoile carry out her study according to the last paragraph?A. By comparing the effects of family members’ voices on babies.B. By collecting babies’ reactions to videos and voices.C. By observing changes in mothers and infants after training.D. By communicating directly with mothers.DRobots doing chores is nothing new, with Tesla having put forward its cool Optimus robot and DeepMind revealing its latest achievements in robotics. Recently, a robot called Mobile Aloha caught the attention of many at the beginning of 2024, with short videos of it cooking at someone’s home going viral in January.Developed by a team of researchers at Stanford University in the US, the robot can handle everything for a dish, whether it is chopping(切) vegetables or cracking eggs.It is also good at various household tasks like watering plants, petting cats, cleaning the floor and doing laundry. It even knows to shake the pillow after putting on a pillowcase (枕套). An Internet user joked under one video that as long as this thing doesn’t try to kill him while he is asleep, he is in real need of it.However, a following video posted by one of the researchers, Tony Zhao, and showing Mobile Aloha’s failures proved that the idea of having a robot servant may just be wishful thinking. In the video, Mobile Aloha randomly smashed(打碎) glasses and plates, collided(碰撞) with cabinets(橱柜) and even burned a pot.It turns out that Mobile Aloha is not a complete self-learning system that can independently navigate new environments. It relies on demonstrations by human operators in its surroundings, meaning that the robot needs to learn from human behavior before completing each task. Also, according to the team, the robot achieves a 95 percent success rate in wiping red wine stains(污渍), 80 percent in pushing chairs, and a me re 40 percent in frying shrimp(虾). In short, it’s far from perfect.The behavioral problems of AI robots have been bothering scientists for decades. Although AI robots do pretty well in things requiring high-level reasoning like math, they perform worse than a one-year-old child when it comes to simple tasks demanding abilities of perception, reflexes(反射) and mobility, among others.As the team observed, the interaction between the arm and the base of Mobile Aloha would get quite complex if more flexibility is required in a task. Even a slight deviation(偏差) in the base settings might lead to significant drift in the arms’ motions, resulting in failure to complete the task.32. What are paragraphs 2-3 mainly about ?A. Mobile Aloha’s chief functions.B. Mobile Aloha’s original designers.C. Mobile Aloha’s online popularity.D. Mobile Aloha’s possible dangers.33. What does Tony Zhao’s video suggest?A. AI robots are ready for household chores.B. Mobile Aloha needs further improvement.C. It is expensive to have robots do chores.D. Robot servants should work under humans’ watch.34. How can Mobile Aloha best complete a new task?A. By copying how humans do it.B. By performing independently.C. By learning from previous tasks.D. By seeking help from programmers.35. Which is the best title for the passage?A. Mobile Aloha—Helping or Messing up?B. Mobile Aloha—a Helper!C. AI Beats Humans.D. AI—Perfect for Housewives.第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

山东省临沂市2023-2024学年高一下学期4月期中考试数学试题

山东省临沂市2023-2024学年高一下学期4月期中考试数学试题

山东省临沂市2023-2024学年高一下学期4月期中考试数学试题一、单选题1.已知1sin cos 5αα-=,则sin2α=( )A .1225B .1225-C .2425D .2425-2.()cos 435-︒=( )A B C D 3.若复数z 满足()1i 34i z +=+(其中i 为虚数单位),则z 的虚部是( )A .1i 2B .1i 2-C .12D .12-4.向量()()1,2,1,3a b =-=-r r,则()()3a b a b -⋅+=r r r r ( ) A .19 B .18 C .17 D .165.ABC V 的三个内角,,A B C 所对边的长分别为,,a b c ,设向量()(),,,p a c c b q c a b =++=-r .若p q ⊥r r,则角A 的大小为( )A .2π3 B .π2C .π3D .π66.已知ABC V 中,3,4,5AB AC BC ===,点O 为ABC V 的内心,则CO =u u u r( )A .2134AB AC -u u u r u u u r B .1334AB AC -u u ur u u u r C .2134AB AC +u u ur u u u r D .1334AB AC +u u ur u u u r7.某远洋运输船在海面上航行至海上A 处,测得小岛上灯塔顶端P 位于其正西方向且仰角为45°,该运输船继续沿南偏西30°的方向航行100米至B 处,测得灯塔顶端P 的仰角为30°,则该灯塔顶端P 高于海面( )A .50米B .100米C .D .100 3米8.已知函数()π3cos (0)3f x x ωω⎛⎫=+> ⎪⎝⎭图象关于直线π3x =对称,且关于点π,06⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭对称,则ω的值可能是( ) A .7B .9C .11D .13二、多选题9.已知复数12z =-(其中i 为虚数单位),则( ) A .31z =- B .2z z = C .1z z=D .210z z +-=10.在ABC V 中,角,,A B C 的对边分别为,,a b c ,则下列命题中为真命题的是( )A .若cos cos sin b C cB a A +=,则ABC V 为直角三角形 B .若cos cos A B >,则sin sin A B < C .若222a b c +>,则ABC V 为锐角三角形D .若2sin 22A c b c-=,则ABC V 为直角三角形 11.已知函数()()sin 0,2f x x πωϕωϕ⎛⎫=+>< ⎪⎝⎭的部分图象如图所示,则关于函数()f x 下列说法正确的是( )A .()f x 的解析式为π()sin(2)3f x x =+B .()f x 的图象关于直线π6x =对称 C .()f x 在区间ππ,122⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上是减函数D .将sin2y x =的图象向左平移2π3个单位长度可以得到函数()f x 的图象12.已知函数()sin cos f x x x =+,则( )A .()f x 的周期是π2B .()f x 的值域是⎡⎣C .若()f x 在区间π,8t ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭上有最大值,没有最小值,则t 的取值范围是ππ,42⎛⎤⎥⎝⎦D .若方程()f x a =在区间ππ,42⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭上有3个不同的实根()123123,,x x x x x x <<,则()()123323x x x f x ++的取值范围是π4⎛⎝⎭三、填空题13.已知平面向量,a b rr 满足(),2,1,4a b a a b ⊥=+=r r r r r ,则b =r .14.若复数()()22643i z m m m m =+-+-+(其中i 为虚数单位),当z 对应的点在第三象限时,则实数m 的取值范围为.15.如图所示,某学校花园的平面图是呈圆心角为120°的扇形区域AOB ,两个凉亭分别座落在点A 及点C 处,花园里有一条平行于BO 的小路CD ;已知某人从凉亭A 沿小路AD 走到点D 用了3分钟,从点D 沿DC 走到凉亭C 用了5分钟;若此人步行的速度为每分钟60米,则该花园扇形的半径OA 的长为米(精确到1米).16.在ABC V 中,已知3,2,AB AC BAC ==∠的角平分线2AD =,则BAC ∠的正弦值为.四、解答题17.已知向量()()()2,3,1,2,a b c ka b k ===+∈R r rr r r . (1)若向量c r 与3a b -r r 共线,求实数k 的值;(2)若向量c r与a r的夹角为钝角,求实数k 的取值范围.18.已知复数()()()2121,2sin 4sin cos i 0,2z a a i a z πθλθθθ⎛⎫⎡⎤=+-∈=+-∈ ⎪⎢⎥⎣⎦⎝⎭R ,其中i 为虚数单位,并且12z z =,求实数λ的取值范围.19.已知向量,a b rr 满足()()3,6,54281a b a b a b ==-⋅+=-r r r r r r .(1)求向量a r与b r的夹角;(2)若向量a r 在b r 方向上的投影向量为c r,求()c a b ⋅+r r r 的值.20.设ABC V 的内角,,A B C 所对的边分别为,,a b c ,若sin 2sin A B =,2a b c +=. (1)求()sin 2A B -的值;(2)若4a =,求ABC V 的面积.21.已知在锐角ABC V 中,三边,,a b c 的对角分别为,,A B C ,且s i n s i n s i n s i n a A c C b B a C +=+(1)求角B 的值;(2)若2b =,求ABC V 的周长l 的取值范围.22.已知函数()()πsin 0,0,02f x A x A ωϕωϕ⎛⎫=+>>≤≤ ⎪⎝⎭的定义域为R ,若函数()f x 在区间[]π,8π上佮好取到一个最大值和一个最小值,且当32x π=时函数()f x 取得最大值为2;当13π2x =时函数()f x 取得最小值为2-. (1)求函数()f x 的解析式;(2)若将函数()f x 的图象保持横坐标不变纵坐标变为原来的12得到函数()g x ,再将函数()g x 的图象向左平移(0)θθ>个单位得到函数ℎ x ,已知函数()()e lg h x y g x =-的最小值为e −1,求满足条件的θ的最小值;(3)是否存在实数m ,满足不等式()()sin sin A A ϕϕ≤?若存在,求出实数m 的范围(或值),若不存在,请说明理由.。

高一期中考试题库及答案

高一期中考试题库及答案

高一期中考试题库及答案一、单项选择题(每题2分,共40分)1. 以下哪个选项是正确的?A. 地球是太阳系中最大的行星。

B. 地球是太阳系中唯一的有生命存在的行星。

C. 地球是太阳系中唯一的恒星。

D. 地球是太阳系中唯一的卫星。

答案:B2. 以下哪个选项是正确的?A. 光年是时间单位。

B. 光年是距离单位。

C. 光年是速度单位。

D. 光年是质量单位。

答案:B3. 以下哪个选项是正确的?A. 牛顿第一定律描述了物体在没有外力作用下的运动状态。

B. 牛顿第二定律描述了物体在没有外力作用下的运动状态。

C. 牛顿第三定律描述了物体在没有外力作用下的运动状态。

D. 牛顿定律不适用于所有物体。

答案:A4. 以下哪个选项是正确的?A. 欧姆定律只适用于纯电阻电路。

B. 欧姆定律只适用于纯电感电路。

C. 欧姆定律只适用于纯电容电路。

D. 欧姆定律适用于所有电路。

答案:A5. 以下哪个选项是正确的?A. 化学反应中,反应物的总能量总是高于生成物的总能量。

B. 化学反应中,反应物的总能量总是低于生成物的总能量。

C. 化学反应中,反应物的总能量等于生成物的总能量。

D. 化学反应中,反应物的总能量与生成物的总能量无关。

答案:B6. 以下哪个选项是正确的?A. 植物的光合作用需要消耗水。

B. 植物的光合作用需要消耗二氧化碳。

C. 植物的光合作用需要消耗氧气。

D. 植物的光合作用需要消耗葡萄糖。

答案:B7. 以下哪个选项是正确的?A. 细胞分裂是细胞生长的过程。

B. 细胞分裂是细胞死亡的过程。

C. 细胞分裂是细胞分化的过程。

D. 细胞分裂是细胞繁殖的过程。

答案:D8. 以下哪个选项是正确的?A. 遗传信息储存在DNA中。

B. 遗传信息储存在RNA中。

C. 遗传信息储存在蛋白质中。

D. 遗传信息储存在细胞膜中。

答案:A9. 以下哪个选项是正确的?A. 酶的活性受温度影响。

B. 酶的活性不受温度影响。

C. 酶的活性受光照影响。

D. 酶的活性受重力影响。

江苏省南京师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期4月期中考试2024.417

江苏省南京师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期4月期中考试2024.417

南京师大附中2023-2024学年度第二学期期中高一数学一、单项选择题1.在ABC △中,内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,已知5a =,2b =,π3C =,则c =( )A .BCD 2.已知向量()2,0a = ,()1,1b =−−,则下列结论正确的是( )A .3a b ⋅=B .a bC .()b a b ⊥+D .a b =3.已知角α的顶点在坐标原点O ,始边与x 轴的非负半轴重合.若角α的终边绕着原点按顺时针方向旋转π4后经过点()1,2,则tan α=( ) A .3−B .13−C .13D .3 4.若向量a ,b 满足4a = ,3b = ,且()()23253a b a b −⋅+= ,则a 在b上的投影向量为( )A .43bB .43b −C .34D .49b −5.在ABC △中,D 为边BC 上一点,6AD =,3BD =,45ABC ∠=°,则sin ADC ∠的值为( )AB CD62cos 20−°的值为( )A .14B .12C .32D .27.如图,在ABC △中,点P 是边AB 上一点,点Q 是边BC 的中点,AQ 与CP 交于点M ,有下列四个说法:甲:2AM MQ = ;乙:3CM MP = ;丙::1:3APM MQC S S =△△;丁:23CA CB CP +=;若其中有且仅有一个说法是错误的,则该错误的说法为( ) A .甲B .乙C .丙D .丁8.在ABC △中内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,设ABC △的面积为S ,若()23sin sin S b C c B =+,则下列命题中错误的是( ) A .若π6A =,且7b =,则B 有两解 B .若2C A =,且ABC △为锐角三角形,则c的取值范围为(C .若2A C =,且sin 2sin B C =,则ABC △的外接圆半径为D .若2b c =,则S的最大值为二、多项选择题9.在ABC △中,内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,下列命题中正确的是( )A .若AB >,则sin sin A B >B .若ABC △为锐角三角形,则sin cos A B >C .若cos cos a A b B =,则ABC △一定是等腰直角三角形D .若60B=°,2b ac =,则ABC △一定是等边三角形 10.在ABC △中,内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c .下列条件能推出π3A =的是( )A .cos 2ca Cb =+B .sinsin 2B Cb a B += C .1ABAC ==,且AB AC AB AC −=+D .1ABAC == ,设向量2m AB AC =− ,n AB AC =+,m 在n上的投影向量为2n −11.在ABC △中,内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,点G ,H ,O 分别是ABC △的重心,垂心,外心.若tan :tan :tan 2:3:5A B C =,则以下说法正确的是( ) A .222::16:21:25a b c = B .222::12:7:3HA HB HC = C .::8:7:5OBCOAC OAB S S S =△△△D .222::15:12:10GA GB GB =三、填空题12.在ABC △中,点D 是边BC 上(不包含端点)的动点,若实数x ,y 满足AD xAB y AC =+ ,则13x y+的最小值为___________.13.如图,为了测量河对岸A ,B 两点之间的距离,在河岸这边取点C ,D ,测得CD 的长为12千米,在点C 处测得75ACB ∠=°,120ACD ∠=°,在点D 处测得30ADC ∠=°,45ADB ∠=°.则A ,B 两点间的距离为___________千米.(设A ,B ,C ,D 四点在同一平面内)14.设x ,y 为实数,已知2sin cos 3x y +=,1cos sin 3x y +=,则()sin x y −的值为___________.四、解答题15.已知函数()22sin cos cos f x x x x x =+−. (1)若π0,2x∈,求()f x 的取值范围; (2)设θ为实数,若122f θ = ,求π6f θ+的值.16.在以下三个条件中任选一个补充到下面的横线上,并给出解答.(注:如果选择多个条件份分别进行解答,则按第一个解答计分)①22cos a b c B −=;②π1sin cos 62C C+=+;③向量(),m a c b a =+− ,(),n a c b =− ,m n ⊥.在ABC △中,内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,且___________.(1)求C ;(2)若c =ABC △周长的最大值.17.已知1e ,2e 为单位向量,设向量12ae e =+ ,123b e e =+. (1)若2a b ⋅= ,求a 与a b +的夹角;(2)若1222e e −≤ ,设向量a ,b的夹角为θ,求2cos θ的最小值.18.在扇形AOB 中,圆心角2π3AOB ∠=,半径10OA =,点P 在弧AB 上(不包括端点),设POA θ∠=.(1)求四边形OAPB 的面积S 关于θ的函数解析式; (2)求四边形OAPB 的面积S 的取值范围;(3)托勒密所著《天文学》第一卷中载有弦表,并且讲述了制作弦表的原理,其中涉及如下定理:在圆的内接四边形中,两条对角线的乘积等于两组对边乘积的和.先分别在线段OA ,OB 上取点M ,N ,使得MNP △为等边三角形,求MNP △面积的最小值.19.在ABC △中,内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,()1cos cos tan tan A C B A C−−=+,ABC△的面积为.(1)求B ;(2)若点P 在ABC △内部,满足2π3APB BPC CPA ∠=∠=∠=,求2PB PA PC −⋅的值; (3)若ABC △所在平面内的点Q 满足1π23BQA BQC AQC ∠=∠=∠=,求()QA QC QB QB +−⋅的值.。

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2002~2003学年第二学期高一物理期中考试卷班级___姓名___分数___一、选择题:(每题3分,共36分)1、两质量大小相同的实心小铁球紧靠在一起时,它们之间的引力为F,若两个半径2倍的实心大铁球紧靠在一起,则它们之间的引力为( D )A. 2FB. 4FC. 8FD. 16F2、质量为60kg的人,不慎从高空支架上跌落,由于安全带的作用,使他悬挂在空中,已知安全带的长5m,其缓冲时间为1.2s,则安全带受到的平均冲力大小是( B )A. 500NB. 1100NC. 600ND. 100N3、两颗人造卫星A、B绕地球做圆周运动,周期之比T A T B=1︰8,则轨道半径之比和运动速率之比分别为( D )A.R A︰R B=4︰1,v A︰v B=1︰2B. R A︰R B=4︰1,v A︰v B=2︰1B.R A︰R B=1︰4,v A︰v B=1︰2 D. R A︰R B=1︰4,v A︰v B=2︰14、关于我国发射的“亚洲一号”地球同步通讯卫星说法正确的是:( D )A. 若质量加倍,则轨道半径也要加倍;B. 它在北京上空飞行,故可用于我国的电视广播; C. 它以第一宇宙速度飞行;D. 它运行的角速度与地球自转角速度相同。

5、用木棒击球,球重为1N,击球所用的力是5N,球被击出后移动2m,在此过程中,木棒击球所做的功是( D )A.2J B.10J C.12J D.条件不足,无法确定6、在倾角的正弦值为1/10的斜坡上,一辆汽车以恒定的功率行使,汽车所受的摩擦力等于车重的2/10,若车匀速上坡时的速率为V,则汽车匀速下坡时的速率为( B )A. vB. 3vC. 3vD. 与v无关7、在空中同一位置将甲、乙、丙三个小球以相同的速率向不同方向抛出,其中甲竖直上抛,乙水平抛出,丙竖直向下抛出,不计空气阻力,比较三个小球落地时速度大小,说法正确的是:( C )A. 甲最大B. 丙最大C. 一样大D. 无法判断8、一质量为m的小球,用长为L的软绳悬挂于O点,小球在水平力F作用下从平衡位置P点很缓慢地移动到Q点.如图所示,则外力F所做的功为:( B )A.mgLcosθB.mgL(1-cosθ)C.FLsinθD.FL cosθ9、若物体在运动过程中受到的合外力不为零,则( B )A.物体的动能一定变化B.物体的动量一定变化C.物体的加速度一定变化D.物体的速度方向一定变化10、一辆装沙的总质量为M的小车,正以V 0速度在光滑水平面上前进.突然车底漏了,不断有沙漏出来落到路面上,在漏沙过程中,关于小车的速度变化情况的说法正确的是:( C )A. 增大B. 减小C. 不变D. 无法判定11、在做碰撞中的动量守恒实验中,安装斜槽轨道时,应让斜槽末端的切线保持水平,这样做的目的是为了使 ( B )A. 入射球得到较大的速度B. 入射球与被碰球对心碰撞后速度均为水平方向C. 入射球与被碰球碰撞时无能量损失D. 入射球与被碰球碰撞后均能从同一高度飞出。

12、在光滑水平面上,动能为E 0、动量的大小为P 0的小钢球1与静止小钢球2发生碰撞,碰撞前后球1的运动方向相反.将碰撞后球1的动能和动量的大小分别记为E 1、P 1,球2的动能和动量的大小分别记为E 2、P 2,则必有:( A )A .E 1<E 0B .P 1>P 0 C. E 2>E 0 D . P 2<P 0二、 填空题:(每题4分,共32分)13、质量为m 的物体以初速度v 0做平抛运动,下落高度为h ,在这段过程中物体动量增加了 m gh 2 ,动能增加了 mgh 。

14、起重机的绳索吊着质量为m 的货物,当货物以加速度a 加速升高h 时,绳索上的拉力在这段时间内对货物做功为_m(a+g)h _,货物动能的增量为mah 。

15、如图一个物体从一个光滑斜面下滑至底部,水平面是粗糙的,最后停在离斜面底部的距离为S 处,则水平面的滑动摩擦系数为_H / S _。

16、质量为m 的小球,拴在长为L 的细绳一端,使小球在光滑水平面内绕绳的另一端以速率v 做匀速圆周运动,在小球转过半周的过程中,小球所受重力的冲量大小I 1= mg πL /v .绳的拉力对小球的作用的冲量大小I 2=_2mv _.17、在做碰撞中的动量守恒实验中,可以用_飞行时间 作为时间单位,平抛小球的_水平位移_在数值上等于小球平抛的初速度。

18、一质量M = 180kg 的船停在静水中,船长5m .当船上一个质量m =60kg的人从船头走向船尾时,船会在相反方向移动距离为_1.25 m 。

(水对船的阻力不计)19、在某星球上,宇航员用弹簧称称得质量为m 的法码重量为F ,乘宇宙飞船在靠近该星球表面空间飞行,测得其环绕周期是T 。

试求该星球的质量为T 4F 3/16π4Gm 3 。

20、某炮车的质量为M ,炮弹的质量为m ,炮弹射出炮口时相对于炮车的速度为u ,设炮车最初静止在地面上,若不计地面对炮车的摩擦力,炮车水平发射炮弹时炮车的速度为 -mM mu + 。

三、 计算题:(共32分)21、如果地球的自转速度加快,地球上物体的重力将如何变化?地球自转角速度等于多少时,赤道上物体的重力等于零?这时一昼夜将有多长?(地球半径R=6370Km ,地球表面重力加速度g = 10m/ S 2) (10分)解:赤道上的物体m 受到地球的引力F 引产生两个效果,即重力G ˊ和物体随地球自转所需的向心力F nF 引=G ˊ+ F n∵ F 引 = GMm /R 2 F n = m ω2R = m(Tπ2)2 R∴ 当角速度ω加快时,地球上物体的重力G ˊ将变小;当G ˊ= 0 时,有F 引= F n 即:GMm /R 2 = m(Tπ2)2 R 又∵ GM = gR 2联立解得: T = 2πg R /代入数据解得:T = 5×103 (s )22、质量为3kg 的铅球,由静止开始自由落下,经1s 落入沙坑,在沙坑内经0.1s 铅球停止运动,求铅球克服沙的平均阻力做了多少功?(g =10m/S 2 ,铅球重力不可忽略)(10分)解:全过程分析,由动量定理列式,以向下为正方向:mg(t 1 + t 2)-f t 2 = 0 代入数据解得:f = 330 (N)设铅球开始下落时离地面的高度为H ,陷入沙坑中的深度为h 。

H =(1/2)gt 2 = 5 (m) 由动能定理列式:Mg (H + h) - f h = 0 代入数据解得:h = 0.5 (m)所以:W f = -fh = -165 (J)即铅球克服沙的阻力做功为:165 J23、质量为10Kg 的平板静止在光滑的水平面上,一质量为1 Kg 的小木块,从平板的左端以4.4m/s 的水平速度开始沿平板运动。

木块与平板间的动摩擦因数为0.4,由于摩擦的缘故,木块恰好停在平板的右端,求:①木块在平板上运动的时间t ;②木板的长度L (12分)解:木块与平板组成的系统动量守恒,当木块恰好停在平板的右端时,两者有共同的速度V ,根据动量守恒列式:mV 0 =(m+M) V 解得:V =0.4 (m/s)对木块分析:有动量定理列式: - f t = mV - mV 0 得:t = 1 (s)木块匀减速运动位移:S 1 = 20V V +t 代入数据解得:S 1 = 2.4 (m) 平板匀加速运动位移:S 1 = 20V+t 代入数据解得:S 2 = 0.2 (m)所以:木板的长度 L =S 1 —S 2 = 2.2 (m)13、m gh 2、mgh 14、m(a+g)h 、mah 15、 H / S16、mg πL /v 、2mv 17、飞行时间 、水平位移 18、1.25 m19、T 4F 3/16π4Gm 3 20、 -m M mu + 三、计算题:(共32分)21、(10分)解:赤道上的物体m 受到地球的引力F 引产生两个效果,即重力G ˊ和物体随地球自转所需的向心力F n 则 F 引= G ˊ+ F n∵ F 引 = GMm /R 2 F n = m ω2R = m(Tπ2)2 R ∴ 当角速度ω加快时,地球上物体的重力G ˊ将变小;当G ˊ= 0 时,有F 引= F n即:GMm /R 2 = m(Tπ2)2 R 又∵ GM = gR 2 联立解得: T = 2πg R /代入数据解得:T = 5×103 (s )22、(10分)解:全过程分析,由动量定理列式,以向下为正方向:mg(t 1 + t 2)-f t 2 = 0 代入数据解得:f = 330 (N)设铅球开始下落时离地面的高度为H ,陷入沙坑中的深度为h 。

H =(1/2)gt 2 = 5 (m) 由动能定理列式:Mg (H + h) - f h = 0 代入数据解得:h = 0.5 (m)所以:W f = -fh = -165 (J)即铅球克服沙的阻力做功为:165 J23、(12分)解:木块与平板组成的系统动量守恒,当木块恰好停在平板的右端时,两者有共同的速度V ,根据动量守恒列式:mV 0 =(m+M) V 解得:V =0.4 (m/s)对木块分析:有动量定理列式: - f t = mV - mV 0 得:t = 1 (s)木块匀减速运动位移:S 1 = 20V V +t 代入数据解得:S 1 = 2.4 (m) 平板匀加速运动位移:S 1 = 20V+t 代入数据解得:S 2 = 0.2 (m)所以:木板的长度 L =S 1 —S 2 = 2.2 (m)。

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