四级分享材料--阅读(二)
(完整版)英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(2)
英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(1)【阅读练习】What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat ,but we feel 1 about it afterward. We say we want o nly the best, but we strangely enjoy junkfood. We’re 2 with health and weight loss but face an unprec edented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans cameto this continent searching for new spices but went i n vain. The first cash crop(经济作物)wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibi tion, intended to prohibit drinking butactually enc ouraging more 4 ways of doing it.The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inha rmony. Do as Romans do meanseating what “real Amer icans” eat, but our nation’s food has come to be 5 by imports—pizza,say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from peo ple whoarrived here in shackles.Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that foo d has been a medium for the nation’sdefining strug gles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit?in s at southern lunch counters.It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one re frains from alcohol forreligious reasons or evades meat for political 6But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are ambivalent about what they putin their mouths. We have become 8 of our foods, especially as we lea rn more about what theycontain.The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American c onsciousness. It’s no coincidence, then,that the f irst Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束缚). It’s whatwe eat—and how we 10 it with friends, family, and strangers—that help define America as acommunity today.A. answer I. creativeB. result J. beliefC. share K. suspiciousD. guilty L. certaintyE. constant M. obsessedF. defined N. identifyG. vanish O. idealsH. adapted【答案及详解】1. D feel是一个系动词，可以判断此处应填入一个形容词，通过上下文意思，以及后面介词about, 可以确定选项为D项guilty, 短语feel guilty about sth. “对……感到有愧”。
2017 年 12 月英语四级阅读真题(第二套)非洲的发展
2017 年 12 ⽉真题（第⼆套）⾮洲的发展 The Development of Africa Nobody really knows how big is.What's indisputable is that it's growing very quickly.Between now and 2050, the of Africa could triple.Yet cities in are not getting richer the way cities in the rest of the world have.Most urban Africans live in slums; migrants are often not much better off than they were in the countryside.Why?The immediate problem is poverty.Most of Africa is urbanizing at a lower level of income than other regions of the world did.That means there's little money around for investment that would make cities liveable and more productive.Without upgrades and new capacity, bridges, roads, and power systems are unable to cope with expanding populations.Lagos 没有⼈真正知道拉各斯有多⼤。
⽆可争辩的是，它正在快速增⼤。
urban population 从现在到 2050 年，⾮洲城镇⼈⼝可能增加两倍。
2018 年 12 月英语四级阅读真题 (第二套)监控摄像头
2018 年 12 ⽉真题 （第⼆套）监控摄像头 Security Cameras Roughly the size of a , sitting on a bookshelf, a relatively harmless gadget may be turning friends away from your home.The elephant in your living room is your Internet-connected security camera, a device people are increasingly using for peace of mind in their homes.But few stop to think about the effect these devices may have on house guests.Should you tell your friends, for instance, that they're being recorded while you all watch the big game together?"It's certainly new territory, especially as home become easier to install," says Lizzie Post, president of the Emily Post Institute, America's foremost manners advisors."I think it will be very interesting to see what etiquette emerges interms of whether you tell people you have a camera or not, and whether guests have a right to ask that it be turned off, if it's not a security issue."soda can ⼀个⼤致只有苏打⽔易拉罐那么⼤的，放在书架上的看起来没什么危险的⼩玩意⼉，可能会让朋友对你的家敬⽽远之。
2023年6月全国大学英语CET四级真题和答案解析(第二套)
2023年6月全国大学英语CET四级真题和答案解析（第二套）一、听力部分Section A1. 答案：B解析：根据对话，可以得知购物者向售货员咨询特价食品的价格。
2. 答案：C解析：女士询问男士是否去过广州，男士回答他正在那里工作。
3. 答案：A解析：对话中，男士提到他计划去参观一个建筑展览，女士则建议他去参观科技博物馆。
Section B4. 答案：A解析：女士在婚礼上生病，男士主动提出帮忙送晚礼服。
5. 答案：B解析：女士正在找工作，男士就女士关于工作的问题给出建议。
6. 答案：C解析：对话中，男士询问女士是否对比赛感到紧张，女士回答说她很兴奋。
Section C7. 答案：B解析：讲座中提到，人们使用社交媒体来建立和维护社交关系。
8. 答案：A解析：讲座中提到，过多地依赖社交媒体可能导致孤立和焦虑。
9. 答案：C解析：讲座中的例子表明，人们可能会在社交媒体上展示过度的积极情绪或幸福生活。
Section D10. 答案：D解析：广告说明了新产品的特点和价格，最后提到消费者可以在网上购买。
11. 答案：A解析：广告中提到，购买新产品的消费者可以获得额外的现金返还。
12. 答案：B解析：广告提到消费者可以在购买新产品时享受特别优惠价。
二、阅读部分Passage 113. 答案：C解析：根据文章第一段，大量研究表明，阅读对个人的心理健康有益。
14. 答案：A解析：根据文章第二段，阅读可以帮助人们减轻压力和放松大脑。
15. 答案：B解析：根据文章第四段，阅读可以帮助人们学习新的事物和扩展知识。
Passage 216. 答案：C解析：根据文章第一段，当地政府已经发起了一项计划，将现有的溪流修复为自然生态景观。
17. 答案：A解析：根据文章第二段，溪流的修复不仅可以改善水质，还能提供更多的自然资源。
18. 答案：D解析：根据文章最后一段，修复的溪流有望吸引更多的游客，促进当地经济发展。
Passage 319. 答案：B解析：根据文章第一段，数字支付正在变得越来越普遍，并在全球范围内快速增长。
四级阅读2
四级阅读-2Part III Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.试题解析：“快乐就会长寿”，绝大多数的研究已经证明了这一点。
积极的心态、健康和寿命三者之间是有联系的。
对未来有乐观的展望和快乐生活会使身体更加健康，寿命更长。
快乐总是与健康和寿命相互关联。
积极的心态会减少压力荷尔蒙、提高免疫功能并有助于心脏恢复。
在关注肥胖、吸烟等与寿命有关的不良习惯同时，也要关注与寿命有关的快乐因素。
positive：上下文联系题。
上文提到了今日的训诫是快乐就会长寿，因为上文提到的是“快乐”和“寿命”的关系，因此此句要表达的是160多个关于积极的心态、健康的身体和寿命之间关系的研究……，空格处需要一个形容词表示“积极的”意思，选项中只有positive符合题意，所以此处填入positive。
compelling：句子意思题。
根据对上文的理解，空格处所在的句子要表达的是160多个关于积极的心态、健康的身体和寿命之间关系的研究发现了明确而又有说服力的证据，这些证据表明快乐的人身体会更健康、更长寿，因此空格处需要一个形容词和clear一起修饰evidence，表示“有说服力的”意思，选项中只有compelling符合题意，所以此处填入compelling。
662.6月英语四级阅读理解(二)翻译
2021年6月英语四级阅读理解〔二〕翻译Some of the world’s most significant problems never hit headlines. One example comes from agriculture. Food riots and hunger make news. But the trend lying behind these matters is rarely talked about. This is the decline in the growth in yields of some of the world’s major crops.A new study by the University of Minnesota and McGill University in Montreal looks at where, and how far, this decline is occurring。
一些世界上最有影响的问题从不上头条新闻。
其中一个例子就是农业问题。
粮食暴动和饥饿产生新闻，但躺在这些问题背后的趋势却很少被谈及。
这是因为一些世界主要农作物产区的产量在下降。
蒙特利尔的明尼苏达和麦吉尔大学的一项新研究着眼于研究这种正在发生的下降趋势在哪，还有多远。
The authors take a vast number of data points for the four most important crops: rice, wheat corn and soybeans(大豆). They find that on between 24% and 39% of all harvested areas, the improvement in yields that tood place before the 1980s slowed down in the 1990s and 2000s。
2019年6月大学英语四级阅读真题答案解析：Passage Two(抑郁症治疗)
2019年6月大学英语四级阅读真题答案解析：Passage Two（抑郁症治疗）来源：文都教育2019年6月大学英语四级考试结束了，英语四级阅读的选题范围题材多样，本篇就是选自医学类的文章，主要讲了抑郁症这个话题。
本篇文章共六段，对应设计了五道题，下面是英语四级阅读真题解析。
51.What does the recent study say about online CBT programs?近期的研究说了在线CBT项目什么？解题思路：正确选项A选项。
定位第一段和第二段，找到study，找到CBT，然后具体信息带入，寻找正确选项。
第一段第二句就给出了一个结论“在线治疗尽管听起高效、省钱，但是近期的报道称这种方法无效，主要因为病人不大可能参与或者长期使用这种疗法”。
第二段介绍了计算机辅助的CBT疗法，和study发现这种疗法no more effective than...。
所以可以确定答案为A选项。
干扰排除：B选项虽然说明了一个实际情况，但是这不是study 要说明的情况，所以错误。
再看C选项，说的是CBT具有的特点，但是这不是study要说明的观点，所以错误。
D选项同理，是CBT的特点，而不是study的观点。
做题时候身审题很重要，看清楚设问的时谁的观点，这样才能找到正确的答案。
52.What have made online CBT program increasingly popular?什么使在线CBT项目越来越受欢迎？解题思路：正确选项C选项。
具体信息题，寻找在线CBT疗法受欢迎的原因。
回到原文定位第三段，找到popularity这个词，这是popular的名词形式，看前后文，词后面介绍了原因low-cost和wherever，低成本和任何有电脑的地方都可以使用，所以很流行。
直接定位答案C选项，同义转述词easy and inexpensive。
具体信息题大部分都是原文的同义转述。
干扰排除：A选项错误，因为文章一直在说在线辅助CBT疗法的有效性很低。
大学英语四级CET4考试阅读(二)
CET4 阅读(二.1)Passage 1Just seven years ago, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart was being cheered as the model of human creativeness. The sight of Barney Clark-alive and conscious after trading his diseased heart for a metal-and-plastic pump-convinced the press, the public and many doctors that the future had arrived. It hadn't. After monitoring production of the Jarvik-7, and reviewing its effects on the 150 or so patients (most of whom got the device as a temporary measure) the U.S Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them. Last week the agency cancelled its earlier approval, effectively banning (禁止) the device.The recall may hurt Symbion Inc, maker of the Jarvik-7, but it wont end the request for an artificial heart. One problem with the banned model is that the tubes connecting it to an external power source created a passage for infection (感染). Inventors are now working on new devices that would be fully placed, along with a tiny power pack, in the patient 's chest. The first samply products aren't expected for another 10 or 20 years. But some people are already worrying that they'll work-and that America`s overextended health-care programs will lose a precious $2.5 billion to $5 billion a year providing them for a relatively few dying patients. If such expenditures (开支) cut into funding for more basic care, the net effect could actually be a decline in the nation's health.1. According to the passage the Jarvik-7artificial heart proved to be_______.A)a technical failure B)a technical wonderC)a good life-saver D)an effective means to treat heart disease2. From the passage we know that Symbion Inc ______.A)has been banned by the government from producing artificial heartsB)will review the effects of artificial hearts before designing new modelsC)may continue to work on new models of reliable artificial heartsD)can make new models of artificial hearts available on the market in 1O to 20 years3. The new models of artificial hearts are expected ______.A)to have a working life of 10 or 20 yearsB)to be set fully in the patient's chestC)to be equipped with an external power sourceD)to create a new passage for infection4. The word "them" in Line 7, Para. 2 refers to _____A) doctors who treat heart diseases B) makers of artificial heartsC) America's health-care programs D) New model of artificial hearts5. Some people feel that______.A)artificial hearts are seldom effectiveB)the country should not spend so much money on artificial heartsC)the country is not spending enough money on artificial heartsD)America's health-care programs are not doing enough for the nation's health Passage 2We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming (把…按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can havea bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual (智力的) ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.In our classroom, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to cooperate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with (对付)personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyse and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher. Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them.the skills they need in order to do this efficiently . An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.1.In the passage the author's attitude towards 'mixed-ability teaching, isA)critical C)approving B)questioning D)objective2.By'held back,(Line 1)the author means',A)made to remain in the same classesB)forced to study in the lower classes C)drawn to their studies E) prevented from advancing3.The author argues that a teacher's chief concern should be the development of the student'A) personal qualities and social skillsB)total personality C)learning ability and communicative skills D)intellectual ability4.Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in the third paragraph?A)Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together with others.B)Pupils aim learn to develop their reasoning abilities.C)Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capable organizers. D)Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.5.The author's purpose of writing this passage is toA) argue for teaching bright and not-ω-bright pupils in the same classB)recommend pair work and group work for classroom activitiesC)offer advice on the proper use of the libraryD)emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teaching。
大学英语四级阅读40篇(2)
大学英语四级阅读40篇(2)2.According to the writer ,the most important character for a good manager is his ________.a.not fearing stressb.knowing the art of relaxationc.high sense of responsibilityd.having control over performance3.Which of the follwing statements is ture?a.We can find some ways to avoid stressb.Stress is always harmful to peoplec.It is easy to change the hagit of keeping oneself busy with work.d.Different people can withstand different amounts of stress4.In Paragraph 3, "such a reaction" refers back to_______.a."making a choice between 'flight' or 'fight'"b."reaction to stress both chemically and physically"c."responding to crises quickly"d."losing heart at the signs difficulties"5.In the last sentence of the passage,"do so " refers to______.a."expose ourselves to stress"b."find ways to deal with stress"c."remove stress from our lives"d."established links between diseases and stress"6/40答案：dadbcIn the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U.S. epual. Some of them decided to "drop out" of American society and form their own societies . They formed utopian communities , which they called "communes," where they could follow their philosophy of "do your own thing." A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called "Drop City." Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller they built domeshaped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Kesey's Merry Pranksters, the followers fo San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school huses and traveled around the United States. The Hog Farm become famous when they helped organize the Woodstock RockFestival in 1969. Steve Gaskin's followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some members of the gruop were arrested for growing marijuana.Not all communes believed in the philosophy of "do you own thing," however . Twin Oaks , a commune founded in Virgiania in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B.F.Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner's "conditioning" techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an "archology" Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.1.Why did some young Americans decide to "drop out" of scoiety during the 1960s?a.They were not satisfied with American society.b.They wanted to grow marijuana.c.They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.d.They did not want all people to be equal.2.Where did the members of the Hog Farm commune live?a.In dome-shaped houseb.In old school husesc.On a farm inTennesseed.In an archology in Arizona3.Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to bulid dome-shaped house?a.Paolo Solerib.B.G.Skinnerc.Steve Gaskind.Buckminster Fuller4.What was the Twin Oaks commune base on ?a.The philosophy of "do your own thing"b.Virginaia in the late 1960sc.The ideas of psychologistd.The belief that people must live closely togerher.5.What is an "archology"?a.A person who studies archaeologyb.A large building where people live closely togetherc.A city in A rizonad.A technique to contorl people7/40答案：abdcb8/40There are two factors which determine an individual'sintelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual—the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual's intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when theywere giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.1.This selection can best be titled_________.a.Measuring Your Intelligenceb.Intelligence and Environmentc.The Case of Peter and Markd.How the brain Influences Intelligence2.The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _____.a.human brains differ considerablyb.the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligencec.environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligenced. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence3.According to the passage , the average I.Q.is _____.a.85b.100c.110d.1254.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.a.individual with identical brains seldom test at same levelb.an individual's intelligence is determined only by his enviromentck of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenced.changes of enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brain5.This passage suggests that an individual 's I.Q.______.a.can be predicted at birthb.stays the same throuthout his lifec.can be increased by educationd.is determined by his childhood8/40答案：bcbcc9/40As she walked round the huge department store,Edith reflected how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.She wish that he was as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume Besides,shoppong at this time of the year was a mostdisgreeable experience :people trod on your toes,poked you with their elbows and almost knocked you overin their haste to get to a bargain ahead of you.Partly to have a rest, Edith paused in front of a counter where some attracive ties were on display. "They are real silk," the assistant assured her, trying to tempt her. "Worth double the price." But edit knew from past experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.She moved on reluctantly and then quite by chance, stopped where a small crowd of man had gathered round a counter. She found some good quality pipes on sale-----and the prices were very reasonable. Edith did not hesitate for long : although her father only smoked a pipe occasionally, she knew that this was a present which was bund to please him.When she got home,with her small well-chosen present concealed in her handbag, her parents were already at the supper table. Her mother was in an especially cheerful mood, "Your father has at last to decided to stop smoking." She informed her daughter.1.Edith's father _______.a.did not like presentb.never got presentc.preferred tiesd.was difficult to choose a present for2.The assistant spoke to Edith because she seemed_______.a.attractiveb.interested in tiesc.tiredd.in need of comfort3.Edith stopped at the next counter_________.a.puroselyb.suddenlyc.unwillinglyd.accidentally4.Edith's father smoked a pipe_______.a.when he was obligedb.on social occasionsc.from time to timed.when he was delighted5.Shopping was very disagreeable at that time of the year because_______.a.coustomers trod on each other's toesb.coustomers poked each other with their elbowsc.customers knocked each otherd.customers were doing their shopping in a great hurry9/40答案：dbdcd10/40If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet.By the middle of the 21st century,if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars,for example.Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race,the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system are capable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however,has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan.Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmophere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same timeproduce oxygen,should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus.As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere .In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon.When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler,but befor man can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.1.Inte long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of ______.a.foodb.oilc.spaced.resources2.Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because _____a.it might be possible to change its atmosphereb.its atmosphere is the same as the earth'sc.there is a good supply of water on Venusd.the days on Venus are long enough3.On Venus there is a lot of ________.a.waterb.carbon dioxidec.carbon monoxided.oxygen4.Algae are plants that can____.a.live in very hot temperaturesb.live in very cold temperaturesc.manufacture oxygend.all of the above5. Man can land on Venus only when_______.a.the algae have done their workb.the atmosphere becomes coolerc.thereis oxygend.it rains there10/40答案：cabdd大学英语四级阅读40篇(2) 相关内容:。
英语四级阅读试题精选(二)附答案详解
英语四级阅读试题精选（二）附答案详解Passage OneQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Like many of my generation, I have a weakness for hero worship. At some point, however, we all begin to question our heroes and our need for them. This leads us to ask: What is a hero?Despite immense differences in cultures, heroes around the world generally share a number of characteristics that instruct and inspire people.A hero does something worth talking about. A hero has a story of adventure to tell and a community who will listen. But a hero goes beyond mere fame.Heroes serve powers or principles larger than themselves. Like high-voltage transformers, heroes take the energy of higher powers and step it down so that it can be used by ordinary people.The hero lives a life worthy of imitation. Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. A sure test for would-be heroes is what or whom do they serve? What are they willing to live and die for? If the answer or evidence suggests they serve only their own fame, they may be famous persons but not heroes. Madonna and Michael Jackson are famous, but who would claim that their fans find life more abundant?Heroes are catalysts (催化剂) for change. They have a vision from the mountaintop. They have the skill and the charm to move the masses. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India might still be part of the British Empire. Without Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., we might still have segregated (隔离的) buses, restaurants, and parks. It may be possible for large-scale change to occur without leaders with magnetic personalities, but the pace of change would be slow, the vision uncertain, and the committee meetings endless.11. Although heroes may come from different cultures, they ________.A) generally possess certain inspiring characteristicsB) probably share some weaknesses of ordinary peopleC) are often influenced by previous generationsD) all unknowingly attract a large number of fans12. According to the passage, heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in that________.A) they have a vision from the mountaintopB) they have warm feelings and emotionsC) they can serve as concrete examples of noble principlesD) they can make people feel stronger and more confident13. Madonna and Michael Jackson are not considered heroes because ________.A) they are popular only among certain groups of peopleB) their performances do not improve their fans morallyC) their primary concern is their own financial interestsD) they are not clear about the principles they should follow14. Gandhi and Martin Luther King are typical examples of outstanding leaders who________.A) are good at demonstrating their charming charactersB) can move the masses with their forceful speechesC) are capable of meeting all challenges and hardshipsD) can provide an answer to the problems of their people15. The author concludes that historical changes would ________.A) be delayed without leaders with inspiring personal qualitiesB) not happen without heroes making the necessary sacrificesC) take place ff there were heroes to lead the peopleD) produce leaders with attractive personalities本文讲的内容是英雄。
大学四级阅读理解(精选5篇)
大学四级阅读理解（精选5篇）1.大学四级阅读理解第1篇四级阅读的题目中，有些问题提问的不只是一个方面，这类题目考查的就是小伙伴们整合信息的能力了。
虽然说在一般情况下，我们的四级阅读是一个萝卜一个坑，一道题目考查一个信息，但是还是会有复合型题目的出现。
有些题目，需要我们整合整篇文章的有用信息来作答，有的题目需要我们整合某几段的内容，大家在做题的时候要提炼出每一段的主旨大意，这样在后做题的时候，就更方便我们得到答案了。
2.大学四级阅读理解第2篇一、写作写作部分测试学生用英语进行书面表达的能力，所占分值比例为15%，考试时间30分钟。
写作测试选用考生所熟悉的题材，要求考生根据所提供的信息及提示(如：提纲、情景、图片或图表等)写出一篇短文，四级120-180词，六级150-200词。
二、听力为了适应新的形势下社会对大学生英语听力能力需求的变化，进一步提高听力测试的效度，全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会自20XX年6月考试起将对四、六级考试的听力试题作局部调整。
调整的相关内容说明如下：1、取消短对话。
2、取消短文听写。
3、新增短篇新闻(3段)，其余测试内容不变。
自本次考试起，调整后的CET4听力时间为25分钟，考试起止时间调整为9:00-11:20。
三、阅读理解阅读理解部分包括1篇长篇阅读和3篇仔细阅读，测试学生在不同层面上的阅读理解能力，包括理解篇章或段落的主旨大意和重要细节、综合分析、推测判断以及根据上下文推测词义等能力。
该部分所占分值比例为35%，其中长篇阅读占10%，仔细阅读占25%。
考试时间40分钟。
四、翻译翻译部分测试学生把汉语所承载的信息用英语表达出来的能力，所占分值比例为15%，考试时间30分钟。
翻译题型为段落汉译英。
翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。
四级长度为140-160个汉字，六级长度为180-200个汉字。
3.大学四级阅读理解第3篇torture 拷问,痛苦拷问,使痛苦,曲解auto autos=automobile 自动汽车自动的,自己的diligent 勤奋的, 用功的label 标签; 称标记，符号; [建] 门或窗户上面的线脚贴标签于; 把…称为; 把…列为; [化]用放射性元素使(元素或原子等)示踪aerial 空气的; 航空的，空中的; 空想的 [电讯] 天线track 小路, 跑道, 轨道, 踪迹; 惯例, 常规跟踪, 追踪roast 烤肉,烘烤烘烤的,烤过的烤,烘焙spray 水沫,喷雾器 & 喷雾,扫射,喷射alert 警觉的,灵敏的警戒,警报警惕,使意识到herd 兽群,人群,牧人群集,使成群,放牧聚在一起environmental 环境的spur 马刺, 刺激, 鞭策, 支脉, (公路或铁路的)支线, 以马刺策(马)前进, 刺激, 激励, 给(马)装马刺plot 阴谋, 情节，图, (小块)土地，绘图, 密谋, 计划，标示位置purchase 购买, 购买的物品支点; 紧握, 抓紧购买, 赢得; (用设备)举起, 移动participate 参加某事; 分享某事得到或接受某部分东西excel 超过, 优于胜出 [计算机] 软件名称stain 污染,污点,著色沾染,染污,著色battery 电池,一系列,排炮mortgage 抵押抵押;房屋抵押贷款expenditure (时间、劳力、金钱等)支出,使用,消耗racial 种族的,人种的discard 丢牌,废牌丢弃,抛弃丢牌optimism 乐观,乐观主义drain 下水道,排水沟,消耗耗尽,排出,排干,喝光变干,排出,排水satisfactory 令人满意的boost 推进,支援,增加推进,提高donation 捐赠物, 捐款, 捐赠formula 公式,配方,规则;代乳品 (赛车的)级的，方程式的illustrate 举例说明,作图解举例noticeable 显而易见的beneficial 有益的,有利的schedule 时间表, 一览表, 计划安排, 计划, 预定, 编制目录fraction 分数, 小部分, 破片import 进口进口,输入输入,进口uneasy 不自在的, 心神不安的, 不稳定的, 不舒服的frank 坦白的,直率的,无误的免费邮寄,使自由出入免费邮寄committee 委员会impress 印象,特徵,印记使有印象,影响,印刻,传送给人印象impressive 给人深刻印象的observation 观察,观察力,评论被设计用来观察的racial 种族的,人种的discard 丢牌,废牌丢弃,抛弃丢牌optimism 乐观,乐观主义drain 下水道,排水沟,消耗耗尽,排出,排干,喝光变干,排出,排水satisfactory 令人满意的boost 推进,支援,增加推进,提高donation 捐赠物, 捐款, 捐赠formula 公式,配方,规则;代乳品 (赛车的)级的，方程式的illustrate 举例说明,作图解举例noticeable 显而易见的beneficial 有益的,有利的schedule 时间表, 一览表, 计划安排, 计划, 预定, 编制目录fraction 分数, 小部分, 破片import 进口进口,输入输入,进口uneasy 不自在的, 心神不安的, 不稳定的, 不舒服的frank 坦白的,直率的,无误的免费邮寄,使自由出入免费邮寄committee 委员会impress 印象,特徵,印记使有印象,影响,印刻,传送给人印象impressive 给人深刻印象的observation 观察,观察力,评论被设计用来观察的accelerate 加速,提前,跳级加速gaze 凝视凝视survive 比…活得长,幸免于难,艰难度过活着, 继续存在suspect 猜疑(是); 怀疑，不信任; 怀疑…有罪嫌疑犯怀疑session 开会，会议;(法庭的)开庭; 会期，学期; (进行某活动连续的)一段时间purify (使)净化，(使)精炼，涤罪harmonious 和睦的, 和谐的, 音调优美的release 释放, 让渡, 发行释放, 让与, 准予发表, 发射element 成分,要素,元素,基本原理,(复数)恶劣天气settle 有背的长凳安放,安顿,解决,决定,付清(欠款) 定居,降落acute 尖的，锐的; 敏锐的，敏感的; 严重的，剧烈的; [医]急性的, 激烈的, 尖锐的profound 极深的,深奥的,深厚的,严重的luxury 奢侈, 豪华, 奢侈品induce 引诱,导致,催生admission 许可, 入会费, 承认historic 有历史意义的virtue 美德,优点;贞操convince 说服, 使相信operator 操作员,管理者,技工,报务员legal 法律的,合法的,法定的4.大学四级阅读理解第4篇江湖上，每每侠客想要救人或是寻求某物都会有这样那样的闯关之说，想想我们考研的一干人等在通关考研这个环节也与江湖规则有相似之处。
四级阅读推送2 答案与解析
Section A【文章大意】这篇文章第一句就点名了主题：怎样才能成为一名训练有素的护士？在过去,答案是两年的专科学习或者四年的本科学习。
但是，由于护士短缺现象加剧,越来越多的学校和医院建立了"快速通道项目",这使没有经验的大学毕业生通过专业训练就能在一年左右成为注册护士。
接下来就重点分析了"快速通道项目"。
【答案详解】36.【答案】K【精析】动词辨析题。
空格所在的句子是as引导的原W状语从句,从句的主语为nursing shortage,缺少谓语，因此空格处要填一个动词。
句子表述的是当前的现象,并且，主语shortage为不可数名词，因此谓语动词应为一般现在时,且应使用第三人称单数形式。
空格后的表述建立“快速通道”是针对妒士短缺而采取的对策，此处原因状语从句应该表述护土短缺这一现象变得"恶化"等意，备选动词中只有worsens合适，故为答案。
备选词语中，explores和qualifies也为第三人称单数形式,但explores意为"探索.探究".qualifies意为"使有资格;取得资格",与此处要表达的"恶化"意思不符合，故可以排除。
37.【答案】A【精析】名词辨析题。
空格所在的句子是一个由that引导的定语从句，修饰"fast-track programs",从句中使用了enable sb.to do sth的结构，由此可知with no nursing与空格构成介宾短语作后置定语修饰college graduates,也就是sb.,因此空格处需填入一个名词。
再结合空格后"通过仅需一年的训练就能成为护士"的表述，可推断此处的sb.指没有护理经验的大学生，由此确为experience。
空格处需要填人名间,意为没Yf 经验的大学生,其余备选名词均不符合句意,故可以排除。
6月英语四级阅读理解真题答案卷二
6月英语四级阅读理解真题答案卷二2017年6月英语四级阅读理解真题答案（卷二）阅读理解是英语四级份额比较大的题型之一。
下面店铺为大家整理了2017年6月英语四级阅读理解真题答案，供大家参考。
【原文】As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not only your muscles, but also your eyes. Fear not, however, for coffee can perk them right up again. During vigorous exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products. Muscle performance can also be affected by a phenomenon called “central fatigue,” in which an imbalance in the body’s chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements effectively. It was not known, however, whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not directly involved in the exercise itself—such as those that move the eyes. To find out, researchers gave 11 volunteers a carbohydrate solution either with a moderate dose of caffeine—which is known to stimulate the central nervous system—or as a placebo without, during 3 hours of cycling. After exercising, the scientists tested the cyclists with eye-tracking cameras to see how well their brains could still control their visual system. The team found that exercise reduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8%, preventing their ability to capture new visual information. The caffeine—the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee—was sufficient to counteract this effect, with some cyclists even displaying increased eye movement speeds, the team reports today in Scientific Reports. So it might be a good idea to get someone else to drive you home after that marathon.段落信息匹配36 [H] 题干：Successful team leaders know exactly where the team should go and are able to take promptaction.37 [D] 题干：Decentralisation of authority was also found to be more effective in military operations.38 [B] 题干：In many companies,the conventional form of organisation is giving way to a network of teams.39 [J] 题干：Members of poorly managed teams are easily distracted from their work.40 [G] 题干：Teamwork is most effective when team members share the same culture.41 [A] 题干：According to a report by Deloitte,teamwork is becoming increasingly popular among companies.42 [F] 题干：Some team members find it hard to agree on questions like membership and the team's purpose.43 [E] 题干：Some scholars think teamwork may not always be reliable,despite its potential to work wonders.44 [I] 题干：T o ensure employee's commitment,it is advisable to give them more flexibility as to where and how they work.45 [C] 题干：Product transitions take much less time now than in the past.扩展：大学英语四级阅读理解经验技巧大学英语四级阅读理解经验技巧1、先去看英语阅读中的问题和答案，对于重要的词语做上标记，并写上词语的意思，然后回到原文中去匹配。
2013年12月14日大学英语四级阅读第二套标准答案(镐京版)
第一篇：关于饮食问题（food intake）首句：In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake are influenced by a large number of factors besides our biological need for energy, ……56. what is said to be a factor affecting our appetite and food intake?A. How we perceive the food we eatB. What ingredients the food containsC. When we eat our mealsD. How fast we eat our meals57. what would happen at meal time if you are remembered eating a lot in the pevious meal?A. You would probably be more picky about food.B. You would not feel like eating the same foodC. You would have a good appetiteD. You would not feel so hungry58. what do we learn from the 2011 study?A. Food labels may mislead consumers in the purchases.B. Food labels ma y influence our body’s response to foodC. Hunger levels depend on one’s consumption of caloriesD. People tend to take in a lot more calories than necessary.59. what does Brunstrom suggest we do to control our appetite?A. Trick ourselves into eating lessB. Choose food with fewer caloriesC. Concentrate on food while eatingD. Pick dishes of the right size60. what is the main idea of the passage?A. Eating distractions often affect our food degestionB. Psychological factors influence our hunger levelsC. Our food intake is determined by our biological needsD. Good eating habits will contribute to our health.答案：56. How we perceive the food we eat.57. You would not feel so hungry.58. Food labels may influence our body's response to food.59. Trick ourselves into eating less.60. Psychological factors influence our hunger levels.第二篇：孩子的教育问题（time and money spent on children’s educaiton）首句：As a society, we might want to rethink the time and money spent on education, so that these resources can benefit a greater percentage of the population.61. what kind of educaion does the author think is ideal?A. It benefits the great majority of the general population.B. It prepares students to meet the future needs of societyC. It encourages students to learn throughout their lives.D. It ensures that students’ expectations are successfully fulfilled62. what does the author say is the problem with the present high school educaion?A. Ignoring the needs of those who don’t go to collegeB. Teaching skills to be used right after graduation onlyC. Giving little attention to those having difficulty learningD. Creating the highest dropout rate in the developed world63. What characterizes a knowledge economy according to the passage?A. People have to receive higher educaion to qualify for the professional positionB. Students majoring in liberal arts usually have difficulty securing a jobC. New positons are constantly created that require people to keep learningD. Colleges find it hard to teach students how to cope with the changing economy64. what does the author think a liberal arts college should focus on?A. Solid background knowledge in a particular fieldB. Practical skills urgently needed in a current societyC. Basic skills needed for change and life-long learningD. Useful thinking skills for adavanced academic research65. What suggestion does the author offer to parents?A. Rethinking the value of higher educaionB. Investing wisely in their children’s educationC. Helping their children to bring their talent into full playD. Avoiding too much intervention on the children’s education.答案：61. It prepares students to meet the future needs of society.62. Creating the highest dropout rate in the developed world.63. New positions are constantly created that require people to keep learning.64. Basic skills needed for change and lifelong learning.65. Avoiding too much intervention in their children's education.。
2021年6月英语四级阅读真题及答案 第2套 仔细阅读2篇
2021年6月英语四级阅读真题及答案第2套仔细阅读2篇Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long-lasting positive impact on people's mental well-being, a study has suggested. UK researchers found moving to a green space had a sustained positive effect, unlike pay rises or promotions, which only provided a short-term boost. Co-author Mathew White, from the University of Exeter, UK, explained that the study showed people living in greener urban areas were displaying fewer signs of depression or anxiety. "There could be a number of reasons," he said, "for example, people do many things to make themselves happier: they strive for promotion or pay rises, or they get married. But the trouble with those things is that within six months to a year, people are back to their original baseline levels of well-being. So, these things are not sustainable; they don't make us happy in the long term. We found that for some lottery (彩票) winners who had won more than ￡500,000 the positive effect was definitely there, but aftersix months to a year, they were back to the baseline."Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether living in greener urban areas had a lasting positive effect on people's sense of well-being or whether the effect also disappeared after a period of time. To do this, the team used data from the British Household Panel Survey compiled by the University of Essex.Explaining what the data revealed, he said: "What you see is that even after three years, mental health is still better, which is unlike many other things that we think will make us happy." He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed, and less stressed people made more sensible decisions and communicated better.With a growing body of evidence establishing a link between urban green spaces and a positive impact on human well-being, Dr. White said, "There's growing interest among public policy officials, but the trouble is who funds it. What we really need at a policy level is to decide where the money will come from to help support good quality local green spaces."46.According to one study, what do green spaces do to people?A.Improve their work efficiency.B.Add to their sustained happiness.C.Help them build a positive attitude towards life.D.Lessen their concerns about material well-being.47.What does Dr. White say people usually do to make themselves happier?A.Earn more money.B.Settle in an urban area.C.Gain fame and popularity.D.Live in a green environment.48.What does Dr. White try to find out about living in a greener urban area?A.How it affects different people.B.How strong its positive effect is.C.How long its positive effect lasts.D.How it benefits people physically.49.What did Dr. White's research reveal about people living in a green environment?A.Their stress was more apparent than real.B.Their decisions required less deliberation.C.Their memories were greatly strengthened.D.Their communication with others improved.50.According to Dr. White, what should the government do to build more green spaces in cities?A.Find financial support.B.Improve urban planning.C.Involve local residents in the effort.D.Raise public awareness of the issue.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.You probably know about the Titanic, but it was actually just one of three state-of-the-art (先进的) ocean ships back in the day. The Olympic class ships were built by the Harland & Wolff ship makers in Northern Ireland for the White Star Line company. The Olympic class included the Olympic, the Britannic and the Titanic. What you may not know is that the Titanic wasn't even the flagship of this class. All in all, the Olympic class ships were marvels of sea engineering, but they seemed cursed to suffer disastrous fates.The Olympic launched first in 1910, followed by the Titanic in 1911, and lastly the Britannic in 1914. The ships had nine decks, and White Star Line decided to focus on making them the most luxurious ships on the water.Stretching 269.13 meters, the Olympic class ships were wonders of naval technology, and everyone thought that they would continue to be so for quite some time. However, allsuffered terrible accidents on the open seas. The Olympic got wrecked before the Titanic did, but it was the only one to survive and maintain a successful career of 24 years. The Titanic was the first to sink after famously hitting a huge iceberg in 1912. Following this disaster, the Britannic hit a naval mine in 1916 and subsequently sank as well.Each ship was coal-powered by several boilers constantly kept running by exhausted crews below deck. Most recognizable of the ship designs are the ship's smoke stacks, but the fourth stack was actually just artistic in nature and served no functional purpose. While two of these ships sank, they were all designed with double hulls (船体) believed to make them "unsinkable", perhaps a mistaken idea that led to the Titanic's and the Britannic's tragic end.The Olympic suffered two crashes with other ships and went on to serve as a hospital ship and troop transport in World War I. Eventually, she was taken out of service in 1935, ending the era of the luxurious Olympic class ocean liners.51.What does the passage say about the three Olympic class ships?A.They performed marvellously on the sea.B.They could all break the ice in their way.C.They all experienced terrible misfortunes.D.They were models of modern engineering.52.What did White Star Line have in mind when it purchased the three ships?A.Their capacity of sailing across all waters.B.The utmost comfort passengers could enjoy.C.Their ability to survive disasters of any kind.D.The long voyages they were able to undertake.53.What is said about the fourth stack of the ships?A.It was a mere piece of decoration.B.It was the work of a famous artist.C.It was designed to let out extra smoke.D.It was easily identifiable from afar.54.What might have led to the tragic end of the Titanic and the Britannic?A.Their unscientific designs.B.Their captains' misjudgment.C.The assumption that they were built with the latest technology.D.The belief that they could never sink with a double-layer body.55.What happened to the ship Olympic in the end?A.She was used to carry troops.B.She was sunk in World War I.C.She was converted into a hospital ship.D.She was retired after her naval service.Passage one46.B47.A48.C49.D50.APassage two51.C52.B53.A54.D55.D。
CET4备考-四级阅读真题完全解析(2)
CET4备考:四级阅读真题完全解析(2)Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investmentavailable in the developing world.Women's education may be unusual territory for economists, but enhancing women's contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue. And economics, with its emphasis onincentives (激励), provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education.Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody else's family and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and art kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school-theprophecy (预言) becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a viciouscircle (恶性循环) of neglect.An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earningabilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormouseconomic advantages as well.Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning.26. The author argues that educating girls in developing countries is ________.A) troublesomeB) labor-savingC) rewardingD) expensive27. By saying " ... the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling..." (Lines 45, Para. 2). the author means that ________.A) girls will turn out to be less valuable than boysB) girls will be capable of realizing their own dreamsC) girls will eventually find their goals in life beyond reachD) girls will be increasingly discontented with their life at home28. The author believes that a vicious circle can turn intoa virtuous circle when ________.A) women care more about educationB) girls can gain equal access to educationC) a family has fewer but healthier childrenD) parents can afford their daughters' education29. What does the author say about women's education?A) It deserves greater attention than other social issues.B) It is now given top priority in many developing countries.C) It will yield greater returns than other known investments.D) It has aroused the interest of a growing number ofeconomists.30. The passage mainly discusses ________.A) unequal treatment of boys and girls in developing countriesB) the potential earning power of well-educated womenC) the major contributions of educated women to societyD) the economic and social benefits of educating women【文章分析】文章共有四段，第一段总起介绍了本文的内容，介绍了在发展中国家，对女孩子教育的投资可能比起其他的投资要有更高的回报率；女性教育的问题已经引起了经济学家的关注，并从经济刺激角度来分析女性教育的问题。
四级阅读第二篇
四级阅读第二篇
四级阅读第二篇是一篇关于人类智力的文章。
文章首先介绍了智力测试的历史和意义，指出智力测试是衡量人们智力的一种方法，并且可以预测人们在各种学习和工作中的表现。
接着，文章介绍了人类智力的发展历程，从最初的原始智力到现代的高智商，概括了人类智力发展的主要特点。
在此基础上，文章探讨了人类智力发展的原因，认为人类的智力发展是由遗传和环境因素相互作用的结果。
最后，文章提到了智力研究的挑战和未来方向，呼吁人们采用更全面、多元的方法来研究智力问题，以推动人类智慧的进一步发展。
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2021四级考试阅读备考材料(2)
2019四级考试阅读备考材料(2)The Laws of NatureThe phrase n A law of Nature11 is probably rarer in modern scientific writing than was the case some gen erations ago. This is partly due to a very natural objection to the use of the word "law” in two different sen ses. Human societies have laws .In primitive societies there is no distinction between law and custom・ Some things are done, others are not. This is regarded as part of the nature of things, and generally as an unalterable fact. If customs change, the change is too slow to be observed. Later on kings and prophets could promulgate new laws, but there was no way of revoking old ones. The Greek democracies made the great and revolutionary discovery that a community could consciously make new laws and repeal old ones. So for us a human law is something which is valid only over a certain number of people for a certain period of time.Laws of Nature, however, are not commands but statements of facts. The use of the same word is un fortunate .It would be better to speak of uniformities of Nature. This would do away with the elementary fallacy that a law implies a lawgiver. Incidentally, it might just as well imply a parliament or soviet of atoms. But the difference between the two uses of the word is fundamental. If a piece of matter does not obey a law of Nature it is not punished. On the contrary, we say that the law has been in correctly stated, It is quite probable that every law of Nature so far stated has been stated incorrectly. Certainly many of them have. Nevertheless,these in accurately stated laws are of immense practical and theoretical value.They fall into two classes-qualitative laws such as "All animals with feathers have beaks1*, and quantitative laws such as "Mercury has 13,596 times the density of wate广(at 0 °C and 1 atmosphere's pressure). The first of these is a very good guide. But it was probably not true in the past. For many birds which were certainly feathered had teeth and may not have had beaks. And it is quite possibly not today. There are about a hundred thousand million birds on our planet, and it may well be that two or three of them are freaks which have not developed a beak. But have lived long eno ugh to grow feathers .It was thought to be a law of Nature that female mammals (defined as warm-blooded vertebrates with hair) had mammary glands, until Prof. Crew of Edinburgh found that many congenitally hairless female mice lacked these organs, though they could bear young which other females could then foster.And quantitative laws generally turn out to be inexact. Thus water is nothing definite .It is a mixture of at least six different substances. For in the molecule H20, one or both of the hydrogen atoms may be either light or heavy, and so may the oxygen atom・ Similarly, mercury consists of several different types of atom. Thus the ratio of the densities of mercury and water is not fixed, though in the case of ordinary samples the variation is too small to be detected. But it can be detected if the water happens to have been taken from an accumulator which has been used for some time.In his theory of Probability (Oxford, 1939) Jefferys has something new to say about induction. Two contradictory theories are in vogue as to the laws of Nature. The older view is that they are absolute, though of course they may have been inaccurately formulated. The extreme positivistic view, enunciated by Vaihinger, is that we can only say that phenomena occur as if certain laws held. There is no sense in makingany definite statements, though it is convenient to do so.Now Jeffreys points out that, if a number of observations have been found to conform to a law, it is highly probable that the next one will do so whether the law is true or not. In Jeffrey's words H A well- verified hypothesis will probably continue to lead to correct inferences even if it is wrong. ”。
2019 年 06 月英语四级阅读真题(第二套)
2019 年 06 ⽉真题（第⼆套）⼥性与领导⼒ Women and LeadershipAccording to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good as men.The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom.And according to a new survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they're stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States?According to the public, at least, it's not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets.It's also not all about work-life balance.Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for political leaders ⼤部分美国⼈认为，⼥性和男性⼀样有能⼒成为优秀的政治领袖。
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3．仔细阅读一、概述及要求：1、概述●仔细阅读部分要求考生阅读两篇题为选择题型的短文理解，每篇长度为300—350词。
测试考生在不同层面上的阅读理解能力，包括理解主旨大意和重要细节、综合分析、推测判断、观点态度题以及根据上下文推测词义等。
●阅读理解部分各类题型及所占比重分别为：细节题占60%左右，主旨题和推理题各占15%左右，语义题和观点态度题各占5%左右，此外，可能还有部分词汇题占少量分值。
2、要求⏹掌握所读材料的主旨和大意；⏹了解说明主旨和大意的事实和细节；⏹既理解字面的意思，也能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论；⏹既理解个别句子的意思，即句层次的理解（如：理解句子所表达的原因、结果、目的、比较等）;也理解上下文的逻辑关系，即篇章层次的理解（如：运用词汇的、语法的承接手段来理解文章各部分；⏹能根据上下文判断词汇、短语、和句子的特定含义；⏹能理解作者及文中涉及人物的观点、态度和情感倾向；⏹对阅读速度的要求：每分钟70个单词。
二、文章特点此类文章多来源于英美报刊，内容丰富多彩，承载着其他类型文章无法比拟的浓厚的文化、历史、语言等方面的信息，同时也有自己常用的句式表达，例如经常使用主从复合句结构、解释性同位语结构等，还形成了自己的用词习惯，反映了英美人特有的思维方式，这些都使考生感到很不适应。
唯有一定量的相关阅读积累，才能形成相应的阅读能力。
三、篇章阅读方法（1）整体阅读法（先看文章后做题）优点：全局感或整体感缺点：记不住细节，找答案费时间（2）查找阅读法（适合段落较多文章）读完第一段做第一题，做完第一题读第二题，带着问题去读第二段优点：符合题文同序的出题原则缺点：不适合主旨题和全文态度题两者结合：1.略读全文，把握文章大意2m (将注意力放在文章的主题句、关键词等部分。
其余内容如具体论述、细节、数字等则可以跳过不读。
) ；2. 根据题干中的关键词定位原文；3. 以原文为依据，进行同义替换、判断推理。
四、正确答案特征：(一)答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项这些语气词有：must, always, never, the most, all, only, have to, any, no, very, completely, none, hardly等。
（二）选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项，而同义替换的一般是选项（三）较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的，选项一般是答案项。
（四）选项中表达意义较具体的、肤浅的（字面意思）一般不是答案项，而概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的是答案项。
（五）选项中较符合常识的,易明白的一般不是选项；而似乎不太合理，一时较难理解的往往是正确选项。
五、体裁和题材：⏹文章内容涉及的题材十分广泛，但归纳起来有人物传记，生活常识，人文社科和科普知识四大类，后两类题材的文章最为多见。
⏹就文体来说，虽然叙述、描写、说明和议论均有出现，但还是说明文和议论文占多数。
无论是哪种情况，对文章的理解一般都不需要有专门的背景知识。
⏹文章的语言难度适中，词汇一般不超出大纲规定的范围。
至于个别生词如影响文章理解，通常有中文注释，如不影响理解，则由考生根据上下文来猜测。
⏹综观近年真题可以发现，有关社会热点的话题频频出现于四级阅读材料中，例如，教育全球化、网络泄露私人信息、全球变暖等。
这类文章往往内容时新、语言地道、特色鲜明。
六、答题技巧新四级的仔细阅读增加了文章的长度和段落数量，题型向细节性方向发展。
仔细阅读要求做到“三精读一略读”。
1、精读文章首段和每段第一次出现的结论句，了解文章的主题和结构。
2、精读关键词定位的地方，请注意细节题题干都是相应原文的变形（如同义改写、词性转换等），因此要找到答案一定要找到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项相比较，正确选项应该是对原文的精确改写，应该符合两点特征：形式对应和含义对应，比如原文中出现比较，那么正确选项中也应该对应出现相应形式，同时含义应该是原文的同义替换，相同的意思换了一种表达方式。
3、精读重要考点，比如：转折、比较、因果、结论或总结。
略读就是略读甚至不读其他细节性信息，因为干扰选项往往来自于这些地方，精读后反而会增加干扰选项的迷惑度，避免被迷惑信息干扰的最好方法就是不去面对诱惑。
需要注意的是与原文极其相似的选项一定要慎选。
七、题型1）主旨题是对文章中心思想的提问，主要考查对文章进行概括或总结的能力，要求在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心思想，体会作者的主要写作意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、论点及作者的情感倾向。
●主旨题出题形式：主要是参考文章开头，文章结尾。
A. 直白型：What’s the main idea (central idea)？/ What’s the passage mainly about? / The passage focuses pr imarily on which of the following ……/The major point of this passage is…B. 变相型：What’s the best title? / What’s the author’s writing purpose?/ The primary purpose of the passage is to…… / The author is primarily concerned with ……C. 隐含型：to summarize/ to sum up●主旨题正确答案的特征(1)所选的选项应能概括全文的中心思想，不能只是概括某一段或某几段主题的选项。
有不少学生没有通读全文而匆忙寻找答案，很容易选中以偏概全的干扰项。
所以，应通读全文，寻找或归纳出主题句。
在英语文章中，主题句往往出现在段首和段尾，也有出现在段落中间的。
第一段的主题句一般情况下是文章的主题。
最后一段的主题句往往是全文的结论，与首段呼应。
(2）所选的选项应准确，即不能有任何违背原文的地方。
过于笼统的选项缺乏准确性，太具体的选项往往太片面。
（3）尽量避免选择有绝对词的选项，如all, completely, only, absolutely, definitely等。
这些词使句子过于绝对化，而不够准确。
（4）仔细比较意义相近的选项中词义的细微差别。
一般有两个选项意义相近，其中之一便是干扰项。
（5）一般会放在第一个或最后一个考。
（6）一般会涉及文章最中心的东西。
（7）能概括文章阐述主要内容的为解。
●主旨题干扰项特点（1)覆盖面太大，太笼统，大大超出了短文论述的范围。
（2)覆盖面太窄，在内容上只涉及短文的某一部分或若干要点。
（3)仅为短文的某一要点或某一细节。
（4)与短文内容擦边，但偏离文章主题。
（5)与文章内容毫不相干，或与文章内容相悖。
2）.细节题细节题即客观事实题，在大学英语四级考试中所占比例最大，目的是考查学生对重要事实和细节的辨认与记忆能力。
事实或细节是文章中用来论证或说明主题的依据。
这类试题主要考查考生是否掌握了作者用来阐述主题的有关事实和细节，对文章的理解是否全面，是否透彻。
这类问题不掺杂主观内容而是针对文章的某个具体细节如：时间、地点、人物、原因、结果、条件、现象等的提问。
●细节题发问方式一般为：1. When (Where, Who, Why, What, How)…?2. All of the following are mentioned in the passage except…3. According to the passage, the best answer to…is…4. The author says…because…5. Which of the following may be the best reason for…⏹细节题解题方法（1）定位原文后，仔细对照，如果选项可以在文中找到，则是解，若找不到，则不是解。
（2) 细节题干有时会有比较明显的信息，如时间、数字、专有名词、中心名词。
（3)要注意合理但不正确的选项。
（4）选项中未含文章后或该段落中心词的首先排除。
⏹做好细节题的要领(1)在做细节题时，首先应当仔细阅读题目，弄清题目的具体要求，以及所给4个选项，然后在题目或选项中确定关键词，再利用关键词回文章中定位，找出文章中相对应的细节性句子，与4个选项进行对照，以确定正确答案。
通常细节题的答案在文章中都会找到，但是答案的表述和原文会有所差别，常常不是文章中的原话，而是词语或句子的同义表达。
多读原文，正确使用排除法。
(2)关键词的确定也有技巧。
如果题目或选项中有专有名词(人名、地名等)、数字(年代、时间等)要将此定位为关键词。
因为这些词有特点，在文章中很容易找到，所以很快就可以定位相应的细节，从而找到正确答案。
如果题目或选项中没有明显的词，可以定位主要的名词或动词为关键词。
(3)有时候，细节题也会进一步演化为是非判断题(true or false)，主要考查考生对某个特定细节的判断、辨知能力。
要求考生能根据文章的内容，对所提问题真实与否，在文章中是否提及等做出正确的判断。
⏹此类题常见的提问方式有：Which of the following statements is TRUE/NOT TRUE?All the following are true except...Which of the following is NOT mentioned (included,implied) in the passage?⏹解题技巧解此类题的主要方法为：排除法，即对四个选择项逐一对照分析以判断出正确选项。
做这类题时，首先要仔细阅读题后的选择项目，牢记各个项目所阐述的不同内容，定位关键词，迅速找到文章中相对应的部分。
凡是原文中的信息有选择项目内容相同的，我们可以在这些信息下画线，以作为排除的内容。
如果基本选择项目的内容在原文找不到相应的信息，那么该选择项目即为该题的答案。
虽然这类问题主要涉及的是细节，但是我们不能忽视文章的中心。
正确的答案是与文章的中心思想保持一致的。
3.推理题推理不但要求掌握文章所表达的字面含义，还要掌握一定的逻辑判断能力及写作技巧知识，从文章表面推出更深层含义，这部分往往出题分量大，难度大，出错也最多，归根结底还是对文章内容没有做到真正的理解和掌握。
力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法。
推理题答题技巧在做推理题时切忌主观臆断，不要违背文章的主题，推理必须基于文章中的具体事实细节。
⏹虽然在文章中不能直接找到答案，但是一定要在文章中找到推测的依据，进行合理严密的推断。
⏹如果是针对文章中的某个细节进行推断，就要先在文章中找到该细节所在的句子，在正确理解该句的基础上推断出未知的事实。