高考专题限时集训(22)任务型阅读(Ⅰ)

专题限时集训二十二任务型阅读(Ⅰ)(对应学生用书第159页)A【导学号：25874078】(2017·苏州高三一模)Are we more narcissistic than ever before?Like the flower，narcissism(自恋) has continued to flourish in modern civilization, which has become such a part of culture. But narcissism in psychology is more than a single question can capture，which really has three types of narcissism.Problems arise when people discuss narcissism without identifying the form.Grandiose(浮夸)narcissism is the outgoing，extraverted(外向)form.The narcissistic individual believes he or she is smarter，better­looking and more important than others.And，of course，he or she gets special treatment for this fact.In fact，some of them can be very charming, likable and enjoy people.On the opposite side，narcissistic relationships are often not very emotionally warm or caring.Vulnerable(脆弱)narcissism is the second flavor of narcissism.It is harder to see than grandiose narcissism.Vulnerable narcissists think they have the right to get special treatment and greatness but actually have low self-confidence and are not typically extraverted.Imagine someone living in his mum's small room. He spends his evenings watching The X Factor believing he should be the next famous star singing actor.Unfortunately，he hasn't the confidence to do it and instead becomes a netizen，who posts offensive，controversial，or divisive materials on an Internet community.The third form of narcissism occurs when narcissism is extreme and causes clinically serious problems in a person's life­marriages fall apart，friends are lost，a career is over. When this occurs narcissism can be identified as a personality disorder­narcissistic personality disorder(also known as NPD), containing a mix of both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism.Can you change narcissism or NPD? There is no simple answer to this.Forgrandiose narcissism，what I often do is suggest practicing caring and compassion，doing what you are passionate about rather than what gets your attention and being responsible for your mistakes as well as successes.For vulnerable narcissism I would add to this list with practices that reduce depression and anxiety. Develop a sense of belonging or a friendship network; participate in physical exercise; or practice a form of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings. For NPD, there is no single，scientifically affirmed treatment of choice. But pay attention to the following.First，people with NPD are often reluctant to enter treatment because in their mind they do not have a problem—everyone else does. Second，it is challenging for doctors to keep individuals with NPD in treatment.Narcissism is increasing and while social media hasn't been proven to actually create narcissists，it does give them a new platform to gain attention and admiration.Still，I remain optimistic that people can change if they are motivated, have the right tools, and know what type of narcissism they are dealing with.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要论述了自恋的三种类型及其治疗方法。

1．complicated/complex[信息转换题。

根据第一段中的“But narcissism in psychology is more than a single question can capture”可知，心理学上的自恋不仅仅是一个简单的问题，显然此处是在暗示其是“复杂的”问题，所以填complicated/complex。

]2．Features/Characteristics[信息归纳题。

根据文章第二至四段及表格右栏的内容可知，这里说的是自恋的“特点”，所以填Features/Characteristics。

] 3．specially[信息转换题。

根据第二段中的“he or she gets special treatment for this fact”可知，自恋者认为自己应该被“特别地(specially)”对待。

]4．lack[信息转换题。

根据第二段中的“On the opposite side，narcissistic relationships are often not very emotionally warm or caring”可知，从相反的角度来看，自恋者之间的关系通常缺乏情感上的温暖和关怀。

故填lack。

] 5．hidden/concealed[信息归纳题。

根据第三段中的“It is harder to see than grandiose narcissism”可知，脆弱型自恋比浮夸型自恋更难观察到，这就暗示出，脆弱型自恋是更为隐蔽的(hidden/concealed)。

]6．deserves[信息转换题。

根据第三段中的“Vulnerable narcissists think they havethe right to get special treatment ...”可知，脆弱型自恋者认为他们有权利得到特殊的对待，即他们认为自己应得到特殊的对待，所以填deserves，意思是“值得，应得”。

]7．responsibility[信息转换题。

根据第五段中的“being responsible for your mistakes”可知，此处指要对自己的错误负责。

根据此空的结构来判断，要用responsible的名词形式构成固定搭配take responsibility for ...“对……负责任”。

]8．relax[信息转换题。

根据第五段中的“I would add to this list with practices that reduce depression and anxiety”可知，作者在此处建议要增加可以减轻压抑和忧虑的练习，即要放松(relax)。

]9．refuse[信息转换题。

根据第五段中的“people with NPD are often reluctant to enter treatment”可知，患这种疾病的人通常不愿意接受治疗，故此处指帮助他们不要拒绝(refuse)治疗。

]10．changed/changeable[信息转换题。

根据最后一段中的“Still，I remain optimistic that people can change if they are motivated”可知，此处指如果自恋得以正确处理的话，自恋这一状况可得到改变。

故此处可填changed/changeable。

]B【导学号：25874079】(2017·镇江高三一模)Between 1938 and 1942，researchers in Boston were busy getting down to a study of adolescent boys and their family relationships.Some 60 years later，different researchers followed up with the participants and found that those raised in warmer family environments were more securely attached to their partners in the later years of life.In a study published last week in Psychological Science，coauthors Robert Waldinger，a psychiatrist at Harvard Medical School，and Marc Schulz，a psychologist at Bryn Mawr College，combined many decades of data previously gathered on a group of men with data they recently collected on the same men to offer unique long­term thinking on the connection between early childhood environment，how men regulate emotions in middle age and the security of their attachments in close relationships late in life.Security of attachment，a concept that first appeared in the 1960s，is the idea that because we are helpless for large portions of our childhood and old age we need to be good at forming attachments with others and keeping them around to take care of us.“Each person has certain people who are their main attachment figures，”Waldinger says—in other words，the p erson you would “call in the middle of the night if you were terrified and needed someone to come over”．We start forming attachments at a very young age and continue to do so throughout our lives.Waldinger and Schulz determined that regardless of socioeconomic standing the men raised in warmer family environments used more adaptive strategies to manage their negative emotions in midlife，and were also more securely attached to their partners late in life.These results suggest our childhood environment affects our relationships not only into adulthood but for the rest of our lives.For Schulz，the findings highlight the need for services such as family leave that support parents and allow them to create better family environments. He also stresses the importance of good social services that can get involved when children end up in poor or unsafe family settings.“Kids may not remember specific events, particularly early in their lifetimes，”Schulz says.“But the accumulation of loving，nurturing family environments really has an impact over a long period of time.”Waldinger and Schulz also emphasize that there are many ways to overcome having a less­than­idyllic childhood，such as actively working on developing warmer，healthier relationships as an adult or learning how to use more adaptive strategies to deal with negative emotions.Chris Fraley，a psychologist at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign who studies attachment but was not involved in the present study，was surprised by the results. “There are so many ways in which people's lives can evolve across time，”such as financial hardships，illness，divorce or occupational uncertainty, he wrote in an email，adding，“The fact that the authors found such an association is remarkable，and raises a number of questions about the factors that explain why it exists.”Fraley pointed out，however，that the study is small，a limitation the researchers themselves acknowledge. He also cautioned that an association between early childhood experiences and attachment later in life doesn't necessarily mean the former causes the latter.Still，the best option is to provide kids with a warm family environment early in life，Waldinger says.“The bottom line is that how we take care of children is just so vitally important. And protecting their development is essential for lifelong wellbeing.”【语篇解读】本文是说明文。