专题01 阅读理解 ( 词义猜测题)高考英语真题试题研究

例子4
26．What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph? A．A dessert. B．A drink. C．A container. D．A machine. [分析] 该段第一句含有一个if引导的条件状语从句，若满足该条件，则产生的结果是第一句的 后半句和第二句， “you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a ‘softserve’ creamy dessert, to be eaten right away.” 即“将冰冻香蕉和其他莓类、水果片放进去，出来的是奶油状甜品”。由此因果关系可推知 juicer指的是榨汁机。故选择D项。
阅读理解之词义猜测题
技巧导图
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根据线索确定词义的方法
根据线索确定词义的方法
1. 定义法。 Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即＂退火＂。 It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily. 从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是＂脆＂的意思。 The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为＂牧人＂。
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应试技巧→七大猜词技巧
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一、根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生等)进行猜测
根据构词法(前缀、后缀、派生等)进行猜测
在英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词。乍看起来，这个词可能 是新词，但在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就不难猜出它的词义。例如： ①“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10，” Anaclerio said, “and they're very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.” 文中interactive是由前缀inter(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)构成的，同时根据上下 文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。 ②Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred? possibility是possible的同根名词，据此可以判断possibility的意思是“可能性”。
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②She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. but一词表示转折，因此but前后的意思正好相反。根据后 半句的意思“她今天第一节课上了一半才来”，可得出她
平时一向“准时”的结论。
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③The players in the World Cup are professionals, while those who play in the Olympics must be amateurs.
由于转折词“while”引导的两个分句前后意义相反，我们 可推测出amateurs是professionals(专业人士)的反义词， 意思为“业余人士，业余选手”。
根据线索确定词义的方法
3. 对比法。 She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. but一词表转折，因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是＂她今天第一节上了一半才 来＂，因此反向推理，可得出她平时一向＂准时＂的结论。 4. 构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)。 Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred? possibility 是 possible 的同根名词,据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是＂可能性＂。
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五、据转折或对比关系进行猜测
据转折或对比关系进行猜测
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根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, other wise 等 可以推断上下文之间的逻辑关系，从而可以依据某一句 的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示
转折、对比或不相干的意义。
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①A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle;_it can be a basket of fun.从分号前后两句 的意思可以看出，hassle和a basket of fun是相反的 意义，所以不难判断hassle的意思是“困难，麻烦”。
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六、据定义或上下文解释进行猜测
据定义或上下文解释进行猜测
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。 标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。 这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
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七、据上下文的指代关系进行猜测
据上下文的指代关系进行猜测
例子
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around. … 29．What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Tested. B．Separated. C．Forced out. D．Tracked down. [分析] 画线词的前句说明在黄石公园和美洲大部分地区曾有许多的灰狼，连词but转折了 句子意义，后来由于人类的发展，灰狼数量逐渐减少，几乎消失，由此可推断出画线词的 意思为“被迫离开”，故选择C项。
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二、据同位关系进行猜测
据同位关系进行猜测
阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行 解释，因此可利用同位关系对前面的词义或句意进行猜测。
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三、据因果关系进行猜测
据因果关系进行猜测
在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。
例子
If you have a_juicer,_you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “softserve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children's party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.
根据线索确定词义的方法
2. 同位法。 They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle, a large building in old times. 同位语部分a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义，即＂城堡＂。 We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.—this week. 两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift 是＂夜班＂的意思。
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四、据同义或近义关系进行猜测
据同义或近义关系进行猜测
在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用 意思相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个词的意思，就能 猜出另全国卷Ⅲ阅读D节选) Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more_is_more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less. 32．What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．The more, the better. B．Enough is enough. C．More money, more worries. D．Earn more and spend more. [分析] 根据该段第一句“Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.”可知，作者认为 成年人都理解物质过剩的那种感觉，后面又用反问句提出了问题：但是，说到孩子们和他们的物品，我们为什么通常 又认定more is more呢？由此推知，这里的 more is more与前面的 flooded with为近义呼应，指“越多越好”。 故选A。
根据线索确定词义的方法
5. 因果法。 The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again. 从后面的结果＂永远不能再运动＂中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为＂永远 的，永久＂。
文章中的代词it, that, he, him或them可以指代上文提到的人或 物，其中it和that还可以指代一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较 远，要认真查找；有时也需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能 得出代词所指代的事物。
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真题回顾
2023新课标全国Ⅰ卷C
2023新课标全国Ⅰ卷C
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
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