上海市宝山区民办和衷中学2019-2020学年八年级上学期期中英语试题(解析版)

上海民办和衷中学2019学年第一学期
八年级英语期中考试试卷
Part 1 Listening（听力）
Listen to the sentence and choose the right picture.（根据你所听到的句子选择相应的图片）：A B C
D E F
1. ________
2. ________
3. ________
4. ________
5.
________
Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear.（根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最佳答案）：
6. A. By bus. B. By car. C. On foot. D. By bike.
7. A. Cindy’s. B. Sammy’s. C. Kelly’s. D. Joe’s.
8. A. Tom. B. Mary. C. Tom’s wife. D. Mary’s husband.
9. A. At 8:45. B. At 9:00. C. At 9:15. D. At 9:45.
10. A. Long curly hair. B. Long straight hair. C. Short curly hair. D. Short straight hair.
11. A. a thief stole her purse. B. Her friend took her purse.
C. She lost her purse on her way home.
D. She couldn’t find her purse.
12. A. John has many great ideas. B. John doesn’t have a computer
C. John’s ideas come from books.
D. John’s hobby is surfing the Internet.
13. A. The woman worried about how to get to the restaurant.
B. The man likes the restaurant though it is very far.
C. The man has been to the restaurant several times.
D. The speakers are having supper together.
Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false. （判断下列句子是否符合你所听到的短文内容,符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“P”表示）
14. Next Thursday, Dr Robert will’ give us a talk about space travel.
15. Dr. Robert is famous for travelling around the world.
16. Students in our school will listen to the talk in their own classrooms.
17. After all classes have finished, the talk will start at half past two.
18 Parents can also listen to Dr. Robert’s talk if they would like to.
19. All parents and students have to pay for the tickets for the talk.
Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences.（听短文，完成下列内容，每空格限填一词）：
20. Last Friday, the students in our class had ________ an ________ homework.
21. Mrs, Lin asked us, “What will you ________ ________ to you future self?”
22. To realize my dream. I would ________ some ________ in the coming years.
Part 2 Vocabulary and Grammar （词汇与语法）
Choose the best answer （选择最恰当的答案）
puters can work out the problems ________ than human beings.
A. much fast
B. more faster
C. much more fast
D. much faster 【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：电脑计算这些问题比人类快得多 考查形容词比较级用法。

much fast 多快；more faster 单音节形容词fast 的原级前不能用more ，形式错误；much more fast 单音节形容词的比较级不是加more ，格式错误；much faster 比较快得多。

副词much 修饰形容词fast 的比较级faster ，故选D 。

【点睛】单音节形容词的比较级是在词尾加er ，如smaller 更少；多音节形容词的比较级是前面加more ，；一部分两个音节的形容词的比较级是加er ，如happy 的比较级是happier 。

形容词和副词的比较级前可以.。

用副词much，a bit，a little等修饰。

本题的有介词than比，应该用形容词比较级。

2.The lights in his room are on. He ________ be working.
A. can
B. can’t
C. must
D. mustn’t
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：他房间的灯开着，他一定在工作着。

考查情态动词用法。

can能够，可能；can’t不能，不可能；must一定，表肯定推测；mustn’t一定不要，严禁。

根据上一句房间的灯亮着，可知表示肯定猜测，一定，故选C。

3.About ________ of English teachers in our school are under the age of 40.
A. three-fifths
B. three-fifth
C. third-fifth
D. third-fifths
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：我们学校大约五分之三的英语老师是40岁以下。

考查分数的表达法。

分数表达法：分子用基数词分母用序数词。

五分之三的分子大于一，用基数词three；分母用序数词fifths,故选A。

4.Mrs. White’s head hurt, so she found ________ very difficult to get to sleep.
A. that
B. it
C. this
D. those
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：怀特夫人的头痛，所以她发现难以入睡。

考查代词it作形式宾语的用法。

that那；it它；this这；those那些。

本句的动词不定式to get to sleep做真正的宾语，代词it作形式宾语，故选B。

5.________ bad news it was that there was something harmful in some kinds of fruit.
A. What a
B. What an
C. What
D. How
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：几种水果出了毛病是多么不好的消息！
考查what引导的感叹句。

How引导的感叹句中心词是形容词；what引导的感叹句是名词。

感叹句的中心词news是不可数名词，感叹句用what引导，news前面不要不定冠词，故选C。

6.The old man lives ________ and sometimes he feels ________.
A. alone, alone
B. alone, lonely
C. lonely, alone
D. lonely, lonely
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：这个老人独自生活，有时他感到孤独。

考查形容词alone和lonely的用法。

alone表示客观独自；lonely表示主观感觉孤单。

根据句意前一句表示老人客观上独自生活用alone；后一句根据feel可知是主观感受用lonely，故选B。

7.In recent years, dogs ________ people’s friends.
A. were
B. will be
C. have been
D. may be
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：在近年来；狗已经成为人的朋友。

考查现在完成时用法。

were过去式，构成一般过去时；will be构成一般将来时；have been构成现在完成时，已经成为；may be可能是，含有情态动词may。

根据时间状语in recent years和现在完成时连用，可知选C。

8.We’ll have a ________ holiday. What about going to Changxing Island?
A. three days
B. three-day
C. three-days
D. three-days’
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：我们将会有一个三天的假期。

去长兴岛怎么样？
考查数词作定语用法。

three days三天，表示名词复数；three-day三天的，作形容词；three-days的格式错误；three-days’ 属于三天的，表示所有格。

空格后有名词holiday假期，可知用形容词作定语，故选B。

9.Every day, we use water ________ some washing and cooking.
A. to do
B. to doing
C. for do
D. do
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】句意：每天，我们用水洗嗽和做饭。

考查动词不定式作定语用法。

to do是动词不定式；to doing是介词to加动名词；for do是介词加动词原形；do是动词原形。

短语use sth. to do sth.意为“用某物做某事”，动词不定式作目的状语，故选A。

10.Between the two buildings ________ a swimming pool.
A. be
B. is
C. are
D. were
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意：在两栋楼之间有一个游泳池。

考查be动词的用法。

be是动词原形；is是一般现在时的单数第三人称形式；are是一般现在时的复数形式；were是are的过去式。

描述客观状况用一般现在时，排除D；根据后面的a swimming pool可知用单数第三人称形式，故选B。

11.When the ferry came, people ________.
A. hurry aboard
B. hurried to aboard
C. hurry to abroad
D. hurried aboard
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】句意：当渡船来到时，人们匆忙登上了船。

考查一般过去时态和副词词义辨析。

hurry.动词仓促（做某事）；催促；（朝某方向）迅速移动；abroad，adv. 在船（或飞机、车）上，上船（或飞机、车）hurry aboard匆忙登船；排除BC；根据前一句渡船到来是一般过去时，可知主句用一般过去时，排除A，故选D。

【点睛】含有when引导的时间状语从句是一般过去时，主句的动作和从句动作是先后发生，也可以是同时发生。

本句的渡船到来是先发生，人们匆忙登船是后发生，主句用一般过去时，所以选择D。

12.He is a man of ________ words and he seldom goes out with his friends, either.
A. a little
B. little
C. few
D. a few
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：他是个寡语的人，也很少和朋友一起外出。

考查形容词词义和语境辨析。

a little一点，修饰不可数名词；little很少，几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；few 很少，修饰可数名词；a few有几个，修饰可数名词。

根据空格后的words是可数名词，可排除A和B；根据后一句很少跟朋友外出可知他是几乎不说话的人，故选C。

13.—Would you please open the window? —________
A. I’m afraid you can’t.
B. Of course not.
C. All right.
D. I don’t think so
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】句意：—请打开窗户好吗？—好吧。

考查情景交际。

I’m afraid you can’t.恐怕你不能；Of course not.当然不能；All right.好的，用于应答对方的劝告和建议肯定回答；I don’t think so我认为不是那样的。

根据上一句是提议开窗户，可知对于别人的有礼貌的请求肯定回答好吧；如果作否定答语先说sorry，这里没有。

故选C。

【点睛】英语中的情景交际通常考查学生的语言运用能力，考查功能意念句的用法，社会交际通常包含介绍、感谢和应答、道歉、邀请、祝贺、约会、打电话、用餐、问路、购物、建议和提醒注意，询问时间、空间等。

本题的前一句提议对方打开窗户，后者作肯定回答用all right好吧。

Complete the following passage with the words or expression in the box. Each word can only be used once.
Talking to human-like devices (设备) can be great fun—just ask Siri to tell you a joke. But it may also
_____14_____ to problems.
A recent study by scientists in the US found that human-like devices keep people from finding out normal human interaction when they feel lonely.
During a series of _____15_____, participants (参与者) were asked to write about a time when they felt lonely. Participants were then introduced to human-like products. They were also asked to _____16_____ their phone in
human-like terms.
The _____17_____ showed that the participants were happy with the comfort they got from the machines and didn’t need to find out normal human interaction.
But the team also found that there were limits to how far this effect would enlarge (扩大).
Researchers believe the study is _____18_____ for people to realize how these types of products could affect their social interaction with real people.
“If someone notices they are _____19_____ more to Siri lately, maybe that has something to do with feeling lonely,” Olson said. “From that point of view, it 's necessary to be aware of it.”
The study could also help _____20_____ design products that can increase the well-being of people who feel lonely, without losing normal social interaction.
“Maybe it is more about improving our relationships,” Olson said, “such as taking a break from screens and focusing on _____21_____ your real personal connections.”
【答案】14. E 15. B
16. A 17. C
18. B 19. C
20. A 21. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文，短文介绍了苹果公司的语音助手对于我们的生活产生的影响。

它影响我们人际交流。

【14题详解】
句意：但是它可能导致问题。

短语lead to 意为“导致，造成”，情态动词may后用动词原形，故选E。

【15题详解】
句意：在一系列实验期间，参与者被要求写关于他们感觉孤单的时间。

根据上一段内容可知科学家作了一系列实验，故选B。

【16题详解】
句意：他们还被要求用人类的术语来考虑他们的电话。

根据句意可知，这些要更多考虑他们的电话，故选A。

【17题详解】
句意：实验结果表明，他们对于从机器获得的舒服感感到高兴，不需要找到正常的人类互动。

上一段介绍了实验过程，所以这里是结果，故选C。

【18题详解】
句意：研究人员相信，该研究对于人们了解到这些类型产品如何影响它们与真人的社会互动是重要的。

固定句型“It is+adj. for sb. to do sth.”意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”，根据句意可知这项研究是重要的，故选B。

【19题详解】
句意：如果有人注意到他们最近在更多地谈论关于Siri，也许这跟孤独感有关。

本句中are和现在分词talking构成现在进行时态，作句子的宾语从句，所以用现在分词talking，故选C。

【20题详解】
句意：这项研究还可以帮助公司设计出能够增加孤独者幸福感的产品。

根据常识可知，设计产品的是电子产品的公司，故选A。

【21题详解】
句意：比如暂时离开屏幕，专注于发展你真正的人际关系。

上一句提到improving our relationships改善我们的关系，此处是发展我们的真正的人际联系，和improving 相近的是developing发展，故选D。

【点睛】这篇短文介绍了苹果公司语音助手对于我们的生活产生的影响。

它影响我们人际交流。

在做题时，应先通读短文，掌握其大意；然后根据所给单词在句中的作用以及句中使用的句型等，填写每个单词的正确形式。

例如第7小题，这句话说的该研究可以帮助公司设计产品来增加孤独者的幸福感的产
品，针对的不是一家公司，应用可数名词复数，故这里应填companies。

Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用括号内所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子。

每空格限填一词）
22. Light is one of the most important ________ in the world. (invent)
23. Through “car sharing”, but you don’t need to ________ it. (owner)
24. My pen friend lives in ________. (German)
25. We had ________ with the waiter about the bill. (argue)
26. There are fifty ________ teachers in our school. (woman)
27. I’ve put my bag on the chair. You can put ________ on the table. (you)
28. Mrs. Li was angry because Mr. Li came home later than ________ last night. (usually)
【答案】22. inventio ns
23. own 24. Germany
25. argu ments
26. women 27. yours
28. usual
【解析】
【22题详解】
句意：电灯是世界上最重要的发明之一。

短语one of +形容词最高级+可数名词复数，意思是“最……之一”，所给invent是动词，所以变为可数名词复数inventions。

【23题详解】
句意：通过“共享汽车”，你不需要拥有。

本句的动词need是实意动词，to是动词不定式符号，后面需要动词原形，所给owner是名词，应该变为动词own。

故填own。

【24题详解】
句意：我的朋友住在德国。

所给单词German是形容词，德国的，介词in后跟表示国家的名词Germany德国，故填Germany。

【25题详解】
句意：我们和服务员关于账单发生了争吵。

短语have arguments意为发生争吵，所给动词argue意为争吵，空格前动词had是过去式，需要名词作宾语，故填arguments。

【26题详解】
句意：在我们学校有五十个女老师。

考查可数名词的复数形式，根据空格前的数词fifty可知，用复合名词的复数，两部分都变为复数，即women teachers，故填women。

【27题详解】
句意：我已经把我的包放在了椅子上，你可以把你的放在桌子上。

考查名词性物主代词用法。

所给的your是形容词性物主代词，作动词put 的宾语用名词性物主代词，故填yours。

【28题详解】
句意：昨晚，李太太很生气，因为李先生比平时回家晚了。

所给单词usually是副词，than usual比平常，属固定短语，故填usual。

Rewrite the following sentences as required（根据所给要求，改写下列句子。

每空限填一词)
29. Lin Dan played badminton very well. He won the Thomas Cup again. (合并为一句)
Lin Dan played badminton well ________________ win the Thomas Cup again.
30. He got up early: in order to catch the first bus. (句意不变)
He got up early ________________ he could catch the first bus.
31. I don’t know when I should go to watch The Lion King. (改为简单句)
I don’t know ________________ go to watch The, Lion King.
32. Choose the perfect grapes only, or you won’t be able to make the best wine. (句意不变)
You ________ be able to make the best wine ________ you choose the perfect grapes only.
33. I don’t think he is right. (改为反意疑问句)
I don’t think he is right, ________________?
34. idioms, you, with, do, what, colour, know? (连词成句)
______________________________________________________________________?
【答案】29. (1). enough (2). to
30. (1). so (2). that
31. (1). when (2). to
32. (1). won’t(2). unless
33. (1). is (2). he
34. What colour idioms do you know with?
【解析】
【29题详解】
句意：林丹打网球打得很好。

他又一次赢了汤姆斯杯。

短语enough…to do sth.足以……做某事，这里意为“打网球好，足够获胜”，故填enough; to。

【30题详解】
句意：他起床早：为了赶上第一班公交车。

改为用短语so that引导目的状语从句的同义句，故填so that。

【31题详解】
句意：我不知道我什么时候去看电影《狮子王》。

原句的含宾语从句的复合句，改为有动词不定式复合结构的简单句，用疑问词when+动词不定式作宾语，故填when to。

【32题详解】
句意：选最好的葡萄，不然你就不能酿出最好的酒来。

原句是祈使句，其同义句是连词unless引导的条件状语从句，主句应该是否定句，；连词unless意为如果不，故填won’t; unless。

【33题详解】
句意：我认为他是不对的。

反义疑问句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think，宾语从句是否定形式，否定转移到主句，用I don’t think，
附加问句的主语和宾语从句的主语he一致，用be动词的疑问形式，故填is he。

【34题详解】
句意：你知道关于颜色的什么习语？
短语know with知道关于某事，本句是what引导的特殊疑问句。

Part 3 Reading and Writing（第三部分阅读和写话）
Choose the best answer（根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案）
A Brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking is worth reading, especially for those who love science, space, physics, and the universe (宇宙). About half of Hawking’s text is rather hard to understand, which must be the reason why he added pictures to newer editions. Some of the “abstract (抽象)” things are hard to imagine, so the pictures help you understand.
This book is based on theoretical physics (理论物理). Most people read the cover and think that it will be way over their heads, but it’s not. There are two ways to read it. You can read the chapter overviews, which are basic and you’ll still learn a lot, but it won’t be too difficult. Or, you can read the full details (细节) in each chapter, which is how you’ll learn the most.
This book makes references (参考) to other physicists, history, and current social and economic issues (问题), and explains how each of us is involved in the universe. Dr. Hawking also openly says “I think” about things. He gives his view on matters and shows the facts to help you see what you think the answer is, so it seems as if (好像) he was talking directly to you.
The reason why I love this book more than any other physics “text” is because Dr. Hawking wrote it like a novel. He’s telling a story, the story of the universe, and it’s just fun to read!
I always want to know how and why something is, and in this book Dr. Hawking always answers this question as best he can. If he can’t give you a definite answer, he’ll tell you what he thinks and help you develop your own opinion. I truly hope that you will read this unusual book.
35. Stephen Hawking added pictures to A Brief History of Time to ________.
A. make it more attractive to readers
B. make it easy to understand
C. help you to develop your imagination
D. show you more about the universe
36. The underlined phrase “over their heads” in Paragraph 2 means “________”.
A. higher than their heads
B. rather difficult for them to understand
C. very easy for them to read
D. too high for them to reach
37. If you ________, you’ll learn the most about the book.
A. read the full details in each chapter
B. read the chapter overviews
C. draw pictures according to the book
D. read the cover of the book
38. What makes you feel as if Dr Hawking was talking directly to you? ________
A. He tells me what he thinks and helps me develop my own opinion.
B. He openly says “I think” about things.
C. He always answers how and why something is as best he can.
D. He gives his view on matters and shows the facts to help me see what I think the answer is.
39. According to the writer, A Brief History of Time is ________.
A. expensive
B. boring
C. interesting
D. confusing
40. We can get the idea from this passage that ________.
A. Hawking doesn’t answer all the questions about the universe
B. the book can’t make references to other physicists
C. the book doesn’t deal with the economy but science
D. Hawking can talk to everyone face to face
【答案】35. B 36. B 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. A
【解析】
本文是记叙文。

短文介绍了霍金的《时间简史》一书的主要内容和作者对这本书的看法。

他觉得这本书读起来有趣，人们看这本书好像霍金在当面介绍。

【35题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第一段Some of the “abstract (抽象)” things are hard to imagine, so the pictures help you understand.可知，霍金添加图片是为了让书更容易理解，故选B。

【36题详解】
句意理解题。

根据后一句阅读这本书的两种方法：看章节介绍发现它并不难理解；看细节会学得最多，所以可推测这里告诉我们，大部分人看到书的封面会觉得它难以读懂，实际上不是，可推测其意思为难以读懂，故选B。

【37题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第二段Or, you can read the full details (细节) in each chapter, which is how you’ll learn the most.
一句可知，阅读每一章的完整细节，你就会学得最多，故选A。

【38题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第三段He gives his view on matters and shows the facts to help you see what you think the answer is, so it seems as if (好像) he was talking directly to you.一句可知，霍金给出自己对于事件的看法，并出示事实来帮助你理解你对于答案的认识，就像他在直接跟你交谈，故选D。

【39题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第四段He’s telling a story, the story of the universe, and it’s just fun to read!可知，作者认为《时间简史》读起来有趣，故选C。

【40题详解】
推理判断题。

本题用排除法。

根据第三段第一句该书参考了其他物理学家和历史、当代社会和经济等方面的内容，所以B和C不正确；本段最后一句告诉我们，霍金用第一人称叙述，使得该书的内容更简单，好像霍金面对面解说，实际上不是，D项不正确。

霍金没有完全回答关于宇宙的所有问题，故选A。

Choose the best answer（根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案）
There are stock (股票) markets in large cities. Stock markets in Paris, London, Tokyo, Shanghai and New York are the largest and most well-known. The stock market also called Stock Exchange, is a place where people can buy or sell shares of a factory or company. And each share means certain owner-ship (股份) of a factory or company.
Different people go to stock markets. Some are rich, who want to get more: money than they already have. Others are not very rich, who buy stocks to try to become rich. Still others buy stocks as part of their plans to save money.
Of course, investing (投资) money in the stock market is not the safest way to make money. No one can tell exactly whether the shares will be doing well. The factory or company may do badly. Then stocks will go down, and investors (投资者) will lose money. The stock may go up, but sometimes even if a factory or company does a good job, the stock may still go down.
No wonder going to the stock market is compared to gambling (赌博). All are eager to make money by
‘gambling’ in the stock market. Factories and companies that need money are pleased that so many people willing to ‘gamble’. Indeed, the stock market is an attractive and complex part of the business world.
41. Stock markets in ________ are the largest and most well-known.
A. Pairs, London, Washington, Shanghai and New York
.
B. New York, London, Tokyo, Pairs and Shanghai
C. Pairs, London, Los Angeles, Shanghai and New York
D. Pairs, London, Sydney, Shanghai and New York
42. If you are an investor, you ________.
A can tell exactly when the stock goes up and down B. may sometimes lose money
C. are sure to gain or lose money
D. can always make money
43. Which of the following statements is NOT right?
A. Going to the stock market is like gambling.
B. The stock will always go up if a factory or a company does a good job.
C. People buy or sell stocks in the hope of making money.
D. Some of the people who are not rich will probably become rich by buying or selling stocks.
44. Factories and companies are pleased that so many people “gamble” because ________.
A. they need their money to do business
B. they need more people to work for them
C. they can make them rich
D. some people win and some lose
45. The underlined word “complex” in the last sentence probably means ________.
A. complete
B. worthy
C. modem
D. difficult to control
46. The passage mainly wants to tell us ________.
A. how to buy and sell shares
B. the stock market is a gambling house
C. the common knowledge of stock markets
D. investing money in the stock market is not the safest way
【答案】41. B 42. C 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. C
【解析】
本文是说明文。

短文介绍了股票市场的知识。

世界上最大的股票交易在几个大城市，那里的人们有的很富有，想赚取更多财富；有的不是很富，想通过买卖股票致富。

股票投资不是安全的，股价有涨有跌，就像赌博一样。

【41题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第一段第2句Stock markets in Paris, London, Tokyo, Shanghai and New York are the largest and most well-known.可知，股票交易所在巴黎、伦敦、东京和纽约是最大和著名的，故选B。

【42题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第三段Then stocks will go down, … the stock may still go down.可知，作为投资者有时赚钱有时赔钱，所以你肯定会有赚有赔，故选C。

【43题详解】
细节理解题。

根据第三段最后一句but sometimes even if a factory or company does a good job, the stock may still go down.可知，有时即使工厂和公司业绩好，股票也可能仍然下跌，并不总是和业绩一样。

故选B。

【44题详解】
细节理解题。

根据最后一段Factories and companies that need money are pleased that so many people willing to ‘gamble’.一句可知，工厂和公司需要很多人愿意“赌博”来给他们投资，故选A。

【45题详解】
词义猜测题。

根据上文介绍股票的涨跌是吸引人和变化莫测的，可推测complex意为复杂的，难以控制的，故选D。

【46题详解】
主旨大意题。

总分析短文内容可知，本文主要介绍了关于股票交易的复杂知识，故选C。

Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选选选选选选选选选选选选)
The earliest maps were probably drawn in the Middle East. Some of these maps have ___47___ and they show us the people at that time thought the earth flat (平平) . As time went by, the pictures became more detailed and maps were more correctly made. Later on, ancient Greeks used their ___48___ of math and science to make maps . Greek maps tell us the Greeks knew the world was round.
From simple pictures, mapmaking has turned into a science. Maps are made by surveying land. In the 1900s, people around the world started to share information to make better maps. With the help of the photographs taken from the sky and space, maps are now more ____49____ made than ever. Since the world is always changing, we will always need new maps.
There are many types of maps, but almost all use ___50___ and pictures to____51____ what a place is like when the map is made. A map usually tells what the pictures_____52_____ . Some maps may show the whole world. A road map will help you know the distance from one place to another. Other maps may use pictures to show the temperature and population in different places.
47. A. explained B. apologized C. survived D. complained
48. A. knowledge B. energy C. challenge D. technology
49. A. quickly B. carelessly C. simply D. exactly
50. A. sounds B. methods C. words D. ideas
51. A. process B. describe C. pretend D. translate
52. A. stand for B. after all C. used to D. search for
【答案】47. C 48. A 49. D 50. C 51. B 52. A
【解析】
本文主要介绍了地图的发展历程。

最早的地图很有可能在中东被绘制，幸存下来的一些地图告诉我们那个时候的人们认为地球是平的；随着时间的发展，地图的绘制越来越详细和正确，之后古希腊人利用数学和科学知识制作地图，这些地图告诉我们希腊人知道了世界是圆的。

从简单的图画，到现在制作地图已经变成了一种科学。

地图可以被用来勘测土地。

现在的人们能利用从空中和太空中拍摄的照片绘制出更精确的地图。

有很多种类的地图，但当制作地图时几乎使用的都是文字和图片来描述一个地方是什么样子的。

地图通常告诉我们图片代表什么。

一些地图能展示全世界，一张路线图可以帮助你知道一个地方到另一个地方的距离。

其他地图可以用图片来显示不同地方的温度和人口。

【47题详解】
句意：这些地图中有一些幸存下来，它们向我们展示了当时人们认为地球是平的。

考查动词用法及语境辨析。

A. explained解释；B. apologized道歉；C. survived幸存；D. complained抱怨。

根据后句they show us the people at that time thought the earth flat（它们向我们展示出那时人们认为地球是平的），可知前句应表达的是其中一些在中东幸存下来的地图，只有这样我们才能了解到这一点。

结合选项应用survive，意为“幸存”，此处使用的是在现在完成时中的过去分词survived。

故选C。

【48题详解】
句意：后来，古希腊人利用他们的数学和科学知识绘制地图。

考查名词用法及语境辨析。

A. knowledge知识；
B. energy能源；
C. challenge挑战；
D. technology技术。

根据后面的关键词of math and science联系实际可知此处应是指古希腊人利用数学和科学知识制作地图，故此处用名词knowledge知识。

故选A。

【49题详解】
句意：借助于从天空和太空拍摄的照片，地图现在比以往更加精确。

A. quickly快地；B. carelessly不小心地；
C. simply简单地；
D. exactly准确地。

由句子With the help of the photographs taken from the sky and space, 借助于从天空和太空拍摄的照片。

可知，地图现在比以往更加精确。

故选D。

【50题详解】
句意：地图有很多种类型，但几乎所有的地图都是用文字和图片来描述一个地方在绘制地图时是什么样子的。

考查名词用法及语境辨析。

A. sounds声音；B. methods方法；C. words单词，词汇；D. ideas想法。

根据关键部分…and pictures to describe what a place is like．．可知尽管地图有多种，但是绝大部分还是用…和图画去描述一个地方的特征；结合地图的特点，根据所给词的词义可知这里应用名词words“文字”表达才符合实际，意为地图用文字和图画去描述一个地方。

故选C。

【51题详解】
句意：地图有很多种类型，但几乎所有的地图都是用文字和图片来描述一个地方在绘制地图时是什么样子的。

考查动词的用法及语境辨析。

A. process处理；B. describe描述；C. pretend假装；D. translate翻译。

由后面的句子what a place is like when the map is made.可知，是用文字和图片来描述一个地方在绘制地图时是什么样子的。

故选B。

【52题详解】
句意：地图通常说明图片的含义。

考查动词短语用法及语境辨析。

A. stand for代表；B. after all毕竟；
C. used to用于；
D. search for搜索。

根据下文所举的例子Some maps may show the whole world, A road map…Other maps may use pictures to show…都是在说不同的地图图片的重要性；结合所在句子的语境A map usually tells what the pictures…并联系地图的功能可知地图通常告诉我们图片代表什么，结合选项故用动词短语stand for“代表”。

故选A。

Fill in the blanks with proper words（在短文的空格内填入适当的单词）
We think of chocolate as something sweet. However, long time ago, people thought of chocolate as something very bitter. For us, chocolate is a candy, but o____53____ it was a medicine. Today, chocolate can be a hot drink, a。