基于单片机的火灾预警系统设计-单片机火灾报警系统设计

基于单片机的火灾预警系统设计

摘要

随着经济的发展，很多场合都需要预防火灾，安装不同精确度的火灾预警系统，因为一旦发生火灾，会造成严重的经济损失，还可能造成人员伤亡，后果十分严重。火灾是一种在时间和空间上失去人为控制并造成一定损害的燃烧过程，是严重危害人类生命财产安全、直接影响经济发展与社会稳定的一种最常见的灾害。随着经济的高速发展,城市建筑、物资仓库的日益增多火灾的隐患也大大增加，火灾已成为我国常发性和破坏性最强的灾害之一。

本文研究的是基于单片机的多传感器火灾探测系统，本系统具有采集现场信息，并将信息分析预测，结果传递给相关人员和显示火灾信息的功能，并且能够在现场对火灾进行声光报警的功能。本文针对火灾自动预警系统结合国内外现状进行了深入的研究。全面阐述了火灾自动预警系统的硬件电路和软件设计方案。以下是本文做的主要工作：

1.火灾自动预警系统的控制器主芯片采用美国ATMEL公司51系列的AT89C51单片机，该芯片具有价格低廉、高速度、低功耗等特点。主芯片对传感器送来的数据进行分析处理，随后送液晶显示；所设计的预警系统具有较高的性价比，还具有操作人员管理、探测器管理、预报警、火警处理等功能。

2.火灾信息的检测采用的是烟雾传感器MQ-2和温度传感器DS18B20的配合使用，通过非线性和线性时间序列分析算法对现场火灾信息进行预测是否达到预警值。

本文的目的是开发一套价格低廉、结构简单、使用方便而且能及时的发现火情并能有效的避免漏报、误报的火灾自动预警系统。

关键词：火灾探测器；AT89C51；温度传感器

Abstract

With the development of economic,many occasions need to prevent fires and install different accuracy of fire alarm systems ,because the event of fire, will cause serious economic losses, may also result in casualties with very serious consequences. Fire is a combustion process of loss control of human and causing some damage in time and space. Fire is the most common disaster that is harm to human life and property and can cause a big effect on economic development and social stability. Fire’s hidden danger greatly increased along with rapid economic development, building and warehouse increasing. It’s one of the disaster that happened all the time and destructiveness in our country.

This paper is based on the single chip’s multisensory fire detection system, this system has the collection site information, and information analysis and forecasting ,the results passed to the relevant personnel and display fire information function, and can be carried out in the field of fire alarm sound and light features. This paper to in-depth research for warning system for the automatic fire situation at home and abroad conducted. It’s comprehensive exposition of the automatic fire warning system hardware and software components of the specific programs. Following is a major work to do this:

1. The main chip of the controller of automatic fire warning system is used in the United States ATMEL Corporation AT89C51 microcontroller series, the chip has a low cost ,high speed, low power consumption.The main chip analyze the data of the sensor’s data, and then sent to the LCD. Early warning system designed with a higher cost performance and has operations personnel management, probe management, pre-alarm, fire processing and other functions.

2. Fire information detected by the smoke sensor MQ-2 and used in conjunction with temperature sensor DS18B20,by nonlinear and linear time series analysis algorithms to predict the on-site fire information whether the alarm value.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a low cost , simple structure, easy to use and can find timely and effective fire prevention omission, false automatic fire warning system.

Key words: Fire Detector; AT89C51;Temperature sensor