外研 高中英语必修4Module2Grammar(共30张PPT)
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Imperatives
祈使句
祈使句用来表示命令、劝告、请求、禁止。 通常主语you会省去，以原形动词为句首。
Open the door! Stand up! Come here! Hurry up!
祈使句的特殊结构
1. no + 名词或动名词 用于指示标牌、布告，意为“禁止，不许”。
No parking! No spitting! No litter! No entry! No scribbling on the wall!
祈使句的否定式
祈使句的否定式一般式在谓语动词前加do not 或don’t（口语中），有时也可用 never；若祈使句有主语，否定词don’t或 never要置于主语之前，不可用do not。
Do not come in unless asked.
Don’t you believe it.
Never be late again next time.
4. be + 现在分词 祈使句也可以有进行式。
Do be sweeping the floor when I come in! 我进来时，（你）一定在擦地板吧！
5. do + 祈使句 这种结构表示强调，常译为“务必， 一定要”。
Do save us! Do tell me the reason. Do be honest.
Patience!
Danger!
After you! Hands up！
This side down!
祈使句常考查句式 1). 祈使句 + and / or + 陈述句
Work hard and you can make rapid progress in your study. 2). 祈使句 + 破折号 + 陈述句
8. __A____ this book and tell me what you think of it.
A. Look through B. Look on C. Look into D. Look up
9. ___D___ it with me and I’ll see what I can do
A. him
B. he
C. I
D. me
Why me?= Why do you ask me to do that?
_____ at the door befoAre you enter my room, please. A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock
2. 以 have done 起首
这种结构相当于 stop (doing)，有时表示 “结束，停止”。
Have done! 住手！
Have done running! 跑完了！（不要跑 了）
3. be + 过去分词 Be seated, please. Be reassured. Be gone！
A. If you double your efforts
B. So long as you keep your spirits
C. A bit more efforts
D. Making great efforts
3.(2010高考题) If you have a job, ___A__ yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed. A. do devote B. don’t devote C. devoting D. not devoting
1.___D____ it with me and I’ll see what I can
do.
A. When left
B. Leaving
C. If you leave
D. Leave
2.___C____, I think, and the problem could
be worked out.
Translate the sentences into English.
1.你方便的话请在下午6点钟来。 Please come at 6:00 p.m. if it is convenient for you.
2. 你离开时请关上灯。
Please turn / switch off the lights as / when you leave. 3.只要你招招手马上就有出租车开过来。
6. One more week, ___C___ we will accomplish the task.
A. or B. so that C. and D. if
7. __B___ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.
A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give
4. --- Don’t forget to my birthday party tomorrow.
--- ___B_____ .
A. Yes , I won’t
B. No , I won’t
C. No , I will D. Yes， I will
5. Be sure to write to us, ___A_____? A. will you B. aren’t you C. can you D. mustn’t you
Try some of this juice — perhaps you’ll like it.
尝尝这种果汁，也许你会喜欢的。
3) 名词词组 + and + 陈述句, 名词词组中通 常含有more, another, further, earlier …
Another $ 500 and I could buy a car. 假如我再有500磅，就能买辆小汽车了。
A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave
--- Susan, go and join your sister cleaning
the yard.
--- Why __D____? John is sitting there
doing nothing.
祈使句的附加疑问句
(1). 在祈使句的附加疑问句中， 附加疑问 部分一般用 will you? 回答部分则用(Yes) I will. 或(No) I won't.
--- Turn down the TV, will you?
---Yes, I will./ No, I won’t.
(2).以 Let’s 开头的祈使句, 其附加疑问句 一般用 shall we，而 以Let us开头的祈使 句, 其附加疑问句则用 will you。 因为 let’s 中的 us 包含听话者即被请求者，而 let us 中的 us 不包含 听话者在内。
注意
祈使句的主语
祈使句的主语多为不言而喻的 you，一般 不出现。但若是要强调主语，或表示急躁、 厌烦、不高兴、愤怒等感情色彩，或表示 向谁请求或发出命令，祈使句可有主语， 除you外，还可以用不定代词one, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody或名词。
You mind your own business! Away you go! Somebody close the window! One stay here! Anybody don’t stand there. You wait and see.
Let’s practice our spoken English, shall we? （即请求者要求与football this afternoon, will you? ？（踢足球的人不包含被请求者）
无动词祈使句 一般来讲，祈使句都要有动词，但是有些 用于口号、告示等的祈使句却是没有动词 的，虽为只言片语，却简洁明了。
Simply raise your hand and a taxi will appear in no time.
Practice
1. --- English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it? --- Yes. ___A____ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
A. Know
B. Knowing
C. To know
D. Known
2. Stand over there ___D____ you’ll be able to see it better.
A. or B. while C. but D. and
3. ---I’ve never seen anyone run so fast. --- __A____ David go. A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched
祈使句
祈使句用来表示命令、劝告、请求、禁止。 通常主语you会省去，以原形动词为句首。
Open the door! Stand up! Come here! Hurry up!
祈使句的特殊结构
1. no + 名词或动名词 用于指示标牌、布告，意为“禁止，不许”。
No parking! No spitting! No litter! No entry! No scribbling on the wall!
祈使句的否定式
祈使句的否定式一般式在谓语动词前加do not 或don’t（口语中），有时也可用 never；若祈使句有主语，否定词don’t或 never要置于主语之前，不可用do not。
Do not come in unless asked.
Don’t you believe it.
Never be late again next time.
4. be + 现在分词 祈使句也可以有进行式。
Do be sweeping the floor when I come in! 我进来时，（你）一定在擦地板吧！
5. do + 祈使句 这种结构表示强调，常译为“务必， 一定要”。
Do save us! Do tell me the reason. Do be honest.
Patience!
Danger!
After you! Hands up！
This side down!
祈使句常考查句式 1). 祈使句 + and / or + 陈述句
Work hard and you can make rapid progress in your study. 2). 祈使句 + 破折号 + 陈述句
8. __A____ this book and tell me what you think of it.
A. Look through B. Look on C. Look into D. Look up
9. ___D___ it with me and I’ll see what I can do
A. him
B. he
C. I
D. me
Why me?= Why do you ask me to do that?
_____ at the door befoAre you enter my room, please. A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock
2. 以 have done 起首
这种结构相当于 stop (doing)，有时表示 “结束，停止”。
Have done! 住手！
Have done running! 跑完了！（不要跑 了）
3. be + 过去分词 Be seated, please. Be reassured. Be gone！
A. If you double your efforts
B. So long as you keep your spirits
C. A bit more efforts
D. Making great efforts
3.(2010高考题) If you have a job, ___A__ yourself to it and finally you’ll succeed. A. do devote B. don’t devote C. devoting D. not devoting
1.___D____ it with me and I’ll see what I can
do.
A. When left
B. Leaving
C. If you leave
D. Leave
2.___C____, I think, and the problem could
be worked out.
Translate the sentences into English.
1.你方便的话请在下午6点钟来。 Please come at 6:00 p.m. if it is convenient for you.
2. 你离开时请关上灯。
Please turn / switch off the lights as / when you leave. 3.只要你招招手马上就有出租车开过来。
6. One more week, ___C___ we will accomplish the task.
A. or B. so that C. and D. if
7. __B___ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.
A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give
4. --- Don’t forget to my birthday party tomorrow.
--- ___B_____ .
A. Yes , I won’t
B. No , I won’t
C. No , I will D. Yes， I will
5. Be sure to write to us, ___A_____? A. will you B. aren’t you C. can you D. mustn’t you
Try some of this juice — perhaps you’ll like it.
尝尝这种果汁，也许你会喜欢的。
3) 名词词组 + and + 陈述句, 名词词组中通 常含有more, another, further, earlier …
Another $ 500 and I could buy a car. 假如我再有500磅，就能买辆小汽车了。
A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave
--- Susan, go and join your sister cleaning
the yard.
--- Why __D____? John is sitting there
doing nothing.
祈使句的附加疑问句
(1). 在祈使句的附加疑问句中， 附加疑问 部分一般用 will you? 回答部分则用(Yes) I will. 或(No) I won't.
--- Turn down the TV, will you?
---Yes, I will./ No, I won’t.
(2).以 Let’s 开头的祈使句, 其附加疑问句 一般用 shall we，而 以Let us开头的祈使 句, 其附加疑问句则用 will you。 因为 let’s 中的 us 包含听话者即被请求者，而 let us 中的 us 不包含 听话者在内。
注意
祈使句的主语
祈使句的主语多为不言而喻的 you，一般 不出现。但若是要强调主语，或表示急躁、 厌烦、不高兴、愤怒等感情色彩，或表示 向谁请求或发出命令，祈使句可有主语， 除you外，还可以用不定代词one, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody或名词。
You mind your own business! Away you go! Somebody close the window! One stay here! Anybody don’t stand there. You wait and see.
Let’s practice our spoken English, shall we? （即请求者要求与football this afternoon, will you? ？（踢足球的人不包含被请求者）
无动词祈使句 一般来讲，祈使句都要有动词，但是有些 用于口号、告示等的祈使句却是没有动词 的，虽为只言片语，却简洁明了。
Simply raise your hand and a taxi will appear in no time.
Practice
1. --- English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it? --- Yes. ___A____ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
A. Know
B. Knowing
C. To know
D. Known
2. Stand over there ___D____ you’ll be able to see it better.
A. or B. while C. but D. and
3. ---I’ve never seen anyone run so fast. --- __A____ David go. A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched