江苏省淮安市高级中学2018届高三英语一轮复习提优讲义阅读理解的做题方法与技巧三主旨大意 含答案

试题习题、尽在百度
如何回答有关主旨大意的问题
一、设题角度
1.标题(title)类
2.主题(topic, subject, theme, main idea, general idea)类
3.目的(purpose)类
二、设问方式
1.What is the main idea/topic of the passage?
2.What does the passage mainly discuss?
3.Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?
4.The main idea of the passage is that ---
5.The passage is mainly about---
6.What's the best title/headline for the passage?
7.What would be the best title for the text? 8.The passage is meant to ________.
三、解题思路
1.弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句.
主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需要根据文章所述内容进行归纳.各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句.议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳.
2．找主题句的方法：用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息.找主题句的四个小窍门：
①段落中出现转折的词语(however, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很有可能是主题句.
②首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨.
③作者有意识的反复重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词.
④表示总结或结论的话常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等.
3.关于干扰项：
干扰项可能属于文中某个具体细节或事实；可能属于文中某些（不完全的）事实或细节片面推出的错误结论；可能属于非文章事实的主观臆断.它常具有以下几个特点：
①以偏概全. ②断章取义. ③主题扩大. ④主观臆断.
4.关于正确答案：
仔细审题、认真作答．
试题习题、尽在百度
主旨大意题一定要找出每段或每节的中心句，没有就看反复出现的词汇，含有它或者相近意思的就是文章的中心或标题.正确答案不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全.
一、标题类
It might seem hard to imagine that a bad tooth could be deadly. But doctors in the Washington area said a boy died when a tooth infection spread to his brain. They said it
might have been prevented had he received the dental care he needed. He was 12 years
old.
Experts at the National Institutes of Health say good dental care starts at birth. Breast milk，they say，is the best food for the healthy development of teeth. Breast milk can help
slow bacterial growth and acid production in the mouth.
But dentists say a baby's gums and early teeth should be cleaned after each feeding. Use a cloth with a little warm water. Do the same if a baby is fed with a bottle. Experts
say if you decide to put your baby to sleep with a bottle，give only water.
When baby teeth begin to appear，you can clean them with a wet toothbrush. Dentists say it is important to find soft toothbrushes made especially for babies and to use them
very gently.
The use of fluoride(氯化物) to protect teeth is common in many parts of the world. For
example，it is often added to drinking water supplies. The fluoride mixes with enamel (釉质)，the hard surface on teeth，to help prevent holes，or cavities，from forming. But young children often swallow toothpaste when they brush. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry notes that swallowing fluoridated toothpaste can cause
problems. So young children should be carefully supervised when they brush their teeth.
And only a small amount of fluoridated toothpaste，the size of a green pea，should be used.
Parents often wonder what effect thumb sucking or sucking on a pacifier might have on their baby's teeth. Dental experts generally agree that this is fine early in life.
The American Academy of Family Physicians says most children stop sucking their thumb by the age of four. If it continues，the group advises parents to talk to their child's
dentist or doctor. It could interfere with the correct development of permanent teeth.
1.The best title of this passage is ________.
A．The Reason of a Twelve-year-old Boy's Death
B．The Baby Teeth Should Be Cared for from Birth
Breast Milk and Fluoride Are Important
．C仔细审题、认真作答．
试题习题、尽在百度
How to Help Young Children Form Good Habits
Everybody has had at least one experience from which he knows the meaning of life. but seems as if it just happened. which took place several years ago，This time，law opened the bottom drawer of my my brother-in-On an afternoon several years ago，sister's dress and picked out a beautiful skirt.“Jan bought this the first time we went to at least 8 or 9 years ago. She never wore it. She was saving it for a special New York，，葬礼) of my sisteroccasion.”he said. I guess this was the occasion：it was the funeral(after her unexpected death.
with the other clothes we were taking to the He took the skirt and put it on bed，“Don't ever save anything for a ，funeral. Then he closed the drawer and turned to me special occasion. Every day you're alive is a special occasion.”and they've changed the way I live my life. I'm ，I'm thinking about his wordsspending more time with my family and friends and less time in committee meetings.
to suffer.“Someday”not ，life should be a kind of experience to enjoy，Whenever possibleand “one of these days”are losing their importance on my vocabulary. If it's worth
I want to see and hear and do it now.
，seeing or hearing or doinghold back or save ，，I have been trying very hard not to put offEver since that dayanything that would add laughter and color to our lives. Every morning when I open my
truly is a gift. So cherish every breath，，，I tell myself that every day，every minuteeyes every day and find the true meaning of your life.
age?
2.What's the best title for this passMy Sister Jan
．B A．Every Day Is a Gift
The Most Important Time in Your Life D．What Is the Meaningful Life Like C．:_____________________,________________________ 标题所具有的特点总结1：主旨大意类二)
篇(2014·安徽EYou may not have heard of Ashoka, but for the past 27 years, this association, founded
by Bill Drayton, has fought poverty (贫穷)and sickness, promoted education
and encouraged small businesses. To support these worthy causes, Ashoka provides
仔细审题、认真作答．
试题习题、尽在百度) urgent money for the world's most promising changemakers seeking to solve (解决problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.
Drayton believes that anyone can become an agent for change. The important thing
is to
simply give yourself permission. If you see a problem that you care about, you can help
solve it. The young in particular are willing to accept this concept because at heart
child wants to grow into a happy, healthy, contributing adult. In fact It is many young
people's ambition to set up programmes or businesses that improve social conditions.
An excellent example is an Ashoka project started in 1995 in Dhaka, which handled the
rubbish problem facing the city ,helped local farmers and provided an income for poor
people there .
When Masqsood and Iftekhar began to study the problem of all the uncollected rubbish
Attracting tats and disease , they discovered that 80% of it that lay in Dhaka's streets,制成把……was natural waste . So they educated the poor people in the city to compost ()this waste . They knew that they would have a market for the end product because 堆粪) which were expensive and 化肥local farmers were struggling with chemical ferntilisers (had reduced the natural minerals in the soil over the years . At first , they were
refused ,but once they were able to persuade them that there was money to be made ,
the project took off. In 2009 sales were $14,000.
Drayton is optimistic that in ten years Ashoka will be making really serious ,practical progress in bringing about social change by changing the way we look at economic development.
72. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?
B. Businessmen A. Changemakers
D. Rubbish Problem
C. Social Conditions
his association, founded by Bill Drayton, has 根据文章第一段【试题解析】主旨大意题.small and encouraged promoted education (fought poverty 贫穷)and sickness,
the money for worthy causes, Ashoka provides businesses. To support these
，这个组织和Ashokaworld's most promising 捜慨杮浥歡牥屳可知作者向我们介绍了.贫穷做斗志，促进教育事业，鼓励人们做小生意，让每个人都成为变化产生的人A故changemakers.接着文章介绍了这个组织所做的一些事情.这个组织才是真正的. 项正确)
篇浙江(2014·B仔细审题、认真作答．
试题习题、尽在百度
Here is some must-know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries.
In Brazil
Brazilians are warm and friendly. They often stand close when talking and it is
common for them to touch the person on the shoulder. People often greet each other
(particularly women) with light cheek kisses. Schedules tend to be flexible, with business
meetings sometimes starting later than planned. But to be safe, be on time. Meals can
stretch for hours—there's no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil. Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon. Brazilians are social, preferring face-to-face communication over mails or phone calls.
In Singapore
Singaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small, polite bow. Business cards should be offered and received with two hands. Arriving late is considered disrespectful. So be on time. Efficiency(效率) is the goal, so
meetings and dealings often are fast-paced. Singaporeans are direct in their discussions,
even when the subject is about money. Rank is important and authority is respected. This determines both people interact in meetings. For example, people avoid disagreeing outright with someone with a higher rank.
In the United Arab Emirates
In the UAE, status is important, so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles. The handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere. So, do not pull away
the handshake. Women should cover themselves when it comes to dress. Men also tend
to be covered from neck to elbows(肘部) and down to the knees. People do not avoid
entertaining in their homes, but they also hold business meals at restaurants. Touching
or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be avoided. When meetings are one-to-one, if your host offers you coffee, you should refuse. It might seem odd, but it is
a cultural tradition. Coffee should only be accepted if it is always set out or presented.
In Switzerland
The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name. They also are respectful of private lives. You should be careful not to ask about personal topics. Punctuality (守时) is vital, something that comes from a deep respect for others' time.
Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe. They also have clear 仔细审题、认真作答．
试题习题、尽在百度
structure in their companies. Higher-ups make the final decisions, even if others might
They manners. follow formal table The disagree. Neat, clean dress is expected. Swiss also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table. It is polite to finish the food on your plate.
46.The passage is mainly about ________.
B. the workplace atmosphere A. communication types
D. living conditions and standards
C. customs and social manners
46.C 主旨大意题.根据文章中心句第一句Here is some must-know information from a
handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries.得知本文讲述的是一些国家里人们的行为举止是什么样子的，接在举例说明了四个国家中具体的风俗习惯.所以本文主要是关于世界各国的不同风俗习惯和文明礼仪的.故C正确.
总结2:主旨大意题除了要通篇理解以外，主要重读文章的________段和
__________段，及每段的 _________句和___________句
仔细审题、认真作答．
试题习题、尽在百度
仔细审题、认真作答．。