2019_2020学年高中英语Unit4AstronomythescienceofthestarsSectionⅡWarmingUp
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prep.像；如同→likely adj.可能的 重拓
12.__v_i_o_le_n_t__ adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence 点展
n．暴力→ violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地 词 词 13.__h_a_r_m__f_u_l _ adj.有害的→harm n．& vt.伤害→ 汇汇
3.__th__eo_r_y__ n. 学说；理论 点础
4.__a_to_m__ n. 原子 词词
5.__g_lo_b_e__ n. 球体；地球仪；地球 汇汇
6._a_t_m__o_s_p_h_e_r_e n. 大气层；气氛
7._f_u_n_d_a_m__e_n_t_a_l adj. 基本的；基础的
acids into the oceans and seas.
很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把
有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。
［归纳拓展］
(1)be harmful to ...
对……有害
(2)harm n. & vt.
伤；损害
do harm to sb.＝ do sb.harm 对某人有害
harmless adj.无害的
14.__ex_i_s_t_ vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存
1．_s_o_la_r__s_y_st_e_m__
太阳系
2．_in__ti_m__e__ 重 3．_c_o_o_l_d_o_w__n__
及时；终于 冷却下来；变凉
点 4．_b__e_f_u_n_d_a_m__e_n_t_a_l _to_ 对……(来说)是基本的
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading— Language Points
3 基础梳理
记单词 记短语 记句型
记住新知识
1._a_s_t_r_o_n_o_m__y_ n．天文学
2.__sy__st_e_m___ n．系统；体系；制度 重基
［能力提升］——完成句子 ③只要不放弃，你总有一天会成功。 _Y_o_u__w_i_ll_s_u_c_c_e_e_d_i_n__ti_m_e__as long as you don't give up.
［温馨提示］ “time”相关短语荟萃： ①from time to time ②at a time ③in no time ④at the same time ⑤at one time ⑥at no time
(3)harmless adj.
无害的
［基础训练］——单句语法填空/单句改错 ①This object gives off _h_a_r_m__f_u_l _(harm)gases which may do harm __to__ our health. You must make the object _h_a_r_m_l_e_s_s(harm) before you use it. ② Your smoking can be harmful for the health of your children.__fo_r_→__t_o__
联想微空间
1.“un-”前缀高频形容词全接触 ①unlike 与……不同；不像 ②uncertain 不确定的 ③unclear 不清楚的 ④uncomfortable 不舒服的 ⑤unfair 不公平的
联想微空间
2．“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多种表达 ①prevent sb. from doing sth. ②prohibit sb. from doing sth. ③stop sb. from doing sth. ④ban sb. from doing sth. ⑤keep sb. from doing sth. ⑥forbid sb. from doing sth.
有时；偶尔 每次；一次；在某时 立刻；马上 同时 一度；从前 绝不(置于句首时，句子常用 部分倒装语序)
3．harmful adj.有害的
(教材 P26)What many scientists believe is that the continued
presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and
短 5．_l_a_y__eg_g__s_
下蛋
语 6．_g_iv_e__b_ir_t_h_t_o_
产生；分娩
7．_in__o_n_e_'s__tu_r_n
轮到某人；接着
8．_p_r_e_v_e_n_t_._.._fr_o_m__... 阻止；制止
1.what 引导主语从句
__W__h_a_t_i_t _w_a_s__to__b_e_c_o_m__e(随后它变成什么)was uncertain 重 until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago ... 点 2．so ...that ...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语 句 从句 型 The earth became __s_o_v__io_l_e_n_t_t_h_a_t_(如此激烈动荡以至
5．in one's turn 轮到某人；接着
(教材 P26)Thus they have, in their turn, become the most
important animals on the planet. 于是，它们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。
［归纳拓展］
in turn
依次；轮流；转而；反过来
联想微空间
3．盘点“-ful”后缀形容词 ①harm→harmful 有害的 ②hope→hopeful 有希望的 ③help→helpful 有帮助的 ④use→useful 有用的 ⑤care→careful 小心的
4 要点透析
研词汇 析句型 练拓展
1．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 (教材 P25)The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球变得如此激烈动荡，以至于不知道这个固体形状是否 会继续存在下去。
［归纳拓展］ (1)a violent attack/storm (2)violently adv. violence n. with violence take ... by violence
猛烈的攻击/暴风骤雨 猛烈地；凶猛地 暴力；暴行；激情 猛烈地；强有力地 强夺……
［基础训练］——单句语法填空/单句改错 ①The wind blew __v_io_l_e_n_t_ly__ (violent) and the climbers had to give up. ②The young man was charged with robbery _w__it_h__ violence. ③He was caught in a violence storm yesterday.
于)it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.
3. “make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”复合结构 This produced a chain reaction, which _m__a_d_e_i_t_p_o_s_s_ib__le_ 重 _f_o_r_l_if_e_t_o__d_e_v_e_lo_p___(使生命的发展成为可能). 点 4. whether 引导主语从句和宾语从句 句 So _w_h__e_th_e_r__li_fe__w_i_l_l _co__n_ti_n_u_e__o_n_t_h_e__ea_r_t_h(生命是否能 型 在地球上延续)for millions of years to come will depend on _w__h_e_th_e_r__th__is_p__ro_b__le_m__c_a_n__b_e_s_o_l_v_e_d(这个问题是否 能得到解决).
靠……生活/生存
There exists ...
存在……；有……
(2)existence n.
存在；生活
in existence
现存的；现有的
come into existence
产生；成立；开始存在
［基础训练］——单句语法填空 ①No one knows when such a custom first came into _e_x_is_t_e_n_c_e (exist)． ②He finds it hard to exist _o_n_ the money he's earning. ③_T__h_e_r_e_existed an obvious conflict between the accounts of the witnesses, so a judgment was not announced in court.
［基础训练］——单句语法填空 ①The car came to a halt just in time __t_o__p_r_ev_e_n_t__(prevent) an accident. ②All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time _f_o_r__ Christmas.
记住新知识
重基 8.__m__u_lt_i_p_ly___ vi.& vt. 乘；增加
点础 9.__o_x_y_g_e_n___ n. 氧
词词 10.__p_u_z_z_le__ n. 谜；难题 vt.& vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难
汇汇
记住新知识
11.__u_n_li_k_e__ prep.与……不同；不像→like vt.喜欢
by turns
轮流；交替
take turns to do sth.
轮流做某事
It's one's turn to do sth.
轮到某人做某事
［能力提升］——完成句子 ④在我们学校，自行车的存放是一个长久以来就存在的问 题。 The parking place for bikes w__a_s_a_n__e_x_is_t_in_g__p_r_o_b_le_m__f_o_r__a_l_ong __ti_m_e___in our school. ［温馨提示］ exist 是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。
__v_io_l_e_n_c_e_→__v_io_l_e_n_t __
2．in time 及时；终于；迟早 (教材 P25～26)They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor and other gases, which were to make the earth's atmosphere. 它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，从 而形成了地球的大气层。 ［归纳拓展］ 1in time 作“终于，迟早”讲时，常单独使用，作状语。 2in time 作“及时”讲时，后常跟 for sth./to do sth.。
［能力提升］——完成句子 ③这些天，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生 活和环境造成了严重的破坏。 These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon,__d_o_i_n_g_s_e_r_io_u_s__h_a_r_m__t_o_l_if_e_a_n_d__t_h_e_e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n. t
4．exist vi.存在；生存
(教材 P26)They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more
than 140 million years.
它们也生蛋，在地球上存在了一亿四千多万年。
［归纳拓展］
(1)exist in
存在于……中
exist on
12.__v_i_o_le_n_t__ adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→violence 点展
n．暴力→ violently adv.暴力地；猛烈地 词 词 13.__h_a_r_m__f_u_l _ adj.有害的→harm n．& vt.伤害→ 汇汇
3.__th__eo_r_y__ n. 学说；理论 点础
4.__a_to_m__ n. 原子 词词
5.__g_lo_b_e__ n. 球体；地球仪；地球 汇汇
6._a_t_m__o_s_p_h_e_r_e n. 大气层；气氛
7._f_u_n_d_a_m__e_n_t_a_l adj. 基本的；基础的
acids into the oceans and seas.
很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把
有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。
［归纳拓展］
(1)be harmful to ...
对……有害
(2)harm n. & vt.
伤；损害
do harm to sb.＝ do sb.harm 对某人有害
harmless adj.无害的
14.__ex_i_s_t_ vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在；生存
1．_s_o_la_r__s_y_st_e_m__
太阳系
2．_in__ti_m__e__ 重 3．_c_o_o_l_d_o_w__n__
及时；终于 冷却下来；变凉
点 4．_b__e_f_u_n_d_a_m__e_n_t_a_l _to_ 对……(来说)是基本的
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading— Language Points
3 基础梳理
记单词 记短语 记句型
记住新知识
1._a_s_t_r_o_n_o_m__y_ n．天文学
2.__sy__st_e_m___ n．系统；体系；制度 重基
［能力提升］——完成句子 ③只要不放弃，你总有一天会成功。 _Y_o_u__w_i_ll_s_u_c_c_e_e_d_i_n__ti_m_e__as long as you don't give up.
［温馨提示］ “time”相关短语荟萃： ①from time to time ②at a time ③in no time ④at the same time ⑤at one time ⑥at no time
(3)harmless adj.
无害的
［基础训练］——单句语法填空/单句改错 ①This object gives off _h_a_r_m__f_u_l _(harm)gases which may do harm __to__ our health. You must make the object _h_a_r_m_l_e_s_s(harm) before you use it. ② Your smoking can be harmful for the health of your children.__fo_r_→__t_o__
联想微空间
1.“un-”前缀高频形容词全接触 ①unlike 与……不同；不像 ②uncertain 不确定的 ③unclear 不清楚的 ④uncomfortable 不舒服的 ⑤unfair 不公平的
联想微空间
2．“阻止/禁止某人做某事”的多种表达 ①prevent sb. from doing sth. ②prohibit sb. from doing sth. ③stop sb. from doing sth. ④ban sb. from doing sth. ⑤keep sb. from doing sth. ⑥forbid sb. from doing sth.
有时；偶尔 每次；一次；在某时 立刻；马上 同时 一度；从前 绝不(置于句首时，句子常用 部分倒装语序)
3．harmful adj.有害的
(教材 P26)What many scientists believe is that the continued
presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and
短 5．_l_a_y__eg_g__s_
下蛋
语 6．_g_iv_e__b_ir_t_h_t_o_
产生；分娩
7．_in__o_n_e_'s__tu_r_n
轮到某人；接着
8．_p_r_e_v_e_n_t_._.._fr_o_m__... 阻止；制止
1.what 引导主语从句
__W__h_a_t_i_t _w_a_s__to__b_e_c_o_m__e(随后它变成什么)was uncertain 重 until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago ... 点 2．so ...that ...“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语 句 从句 型 The earth became __s_o_v__io_l_e_n_t_t_h_a_t_(如此激烈动荡以至
5．in one's turn 轮到某人；接着
(教材 P26)Thus they have, in their turn, become the most
important animals on the planet. 于是，它们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。
［归纳拓展］
in turn
依次；轮流；转而；反过来
联想微空间
3．盘点“-ful”后缀形容词 ①harm→harmful 有害的 ②hope→hopeful 有希望的 ③help→helpful 有帮助的 ④use→useful 有用的 ⑤care→careful 小心的
4 要点透析
研词汇 析句型 练拓展
1．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 (教材 P25)The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 地球变得如此激烈动荡，以至于不知道这个固体形状是否 会继续存在下去。
［归纳拓展］ (1)a violent attack/storm (2)violently adv. violence n. with violence take ... by violence
猛烈的攻击/暴风骤雨 猛烈地；凶猛地 暴力；暴行；激情 猛烈地；强有力地 强夺……
［基础训练］——单句语法填空/单句改错 ①The wind blew __v_io_l_e_n_t_ly__ (violent) and the climbers had to give up. ②The young man was charged with robbery _w__it_h__ violence. ③He was caught in a violence storm yesterday.
于)it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.
3. “make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”复合结构 This produced a chain reaction, which _m__a_d_e_i_t_p_o_s_s_ib__le_ 重 _f_o_r_l_if_e_t_o__d_e_v_e_lo_p___(使生命的发展成为可能). 点 4. whether 引导主语从句和宾语从句 句 So _w_h__e_th_e_r__li_fe__w_i_l_l _co__n_ti_n_u_e__o_n_t_h_e__ea_r_t_h(生命是否能 型 在地球上延续)for millions of years to come will depend on _w__h_e_th_e_r__th__is_p__ro_b__le_m__c_a_n__b_e_s_o_l_v_e_d(这个问题是否 能得到解决).
靠……生活/生存
There exists ...
存在……；有……
(2)existence n.
存在；生活
in existence
现存的；现有的
come into existence
产生；成立；开始存在
［基础训练］——单句语法填空 ①No one knows when such a custom first came into _e_x_is_t_e_n_c_e (exist)． ②He finds it hard to exist _o_n_ the money he's earning. ③_T__h_e_r_e_existed an obvious conflict between the accounts of the witnesses, so a judgment was not announced in court.
［基础训练］——单句语法填空 ①The car came to a halt just in time __t_o__p_r_ev_e_n_t__(prevent) an accident. ②All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time _f_o_r__ Christmas.
记住新知识
重基 8.__m__u_lt_i_p_ly___ vi.& vt. 乘；增加
点础 9.__o_x_y_g_e_n___ n. 氧
词词 10.__p_u_z_z_le__ n. 谜；难题 vt.& vi. (使)迷惑；(使)为难
汇汇
记住新知识
11.__u_n_li_k_e__ prep.与……不同；不像→like vt.喜欢
by turns
轮流；交替
take turns to do sth.
轮流做某事
It's one's turn to do sth.
轮到某人做某事
［能力提升］——完成句子 ④在我们学校，自行车的存放是一个长久以来就存在的问 题。 The parking place for bikes w__a_s_a_n__e_x_is_t_in_g__p_r_o_b_le_m__f_o_r__a_l_ong __ti_m_e___in our school. ［温馨提示］ exist 是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。
__v_io_l_e_n_c_e_→__v_io_l_e_n_t __
2．in time 及时；终于；迟早 (教材 P25～26)They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor and other gases, which were to make the earth's atmosphere. 它们最终产生了二氧化碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他气体，从 而形成了地球的大气层。 ［归纳拓展］ 1in time 作“终于，迟早”讲时，常单独使用，作状语。 2in time 作“及时”讲时，后常跟 for sth./to do sth.。
［能力提升］——完成句子 ③这些天，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生 活和环境造成了严重的破坏。 These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon,__d_o_i_n_g_s_e_r_io_u_s__h_a_r_m__t_o_l_if_e_a_n_d__t_h_e_e_n_v_i_r_o_n_m_e_n. t
4．exist vi.存在；生存
(教材 P26)They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more
than 140 million years.
它们也生蛋，在地球上存在了一亿四千多万年。
［归纳拓展］
(1)exist in
存在于……中
exist on