教育最新2019版高考英语一轮复习Module1SmallTalk讲义外研版选修6

Module 1 Small Talk
[一积词汇见多识广]
[课内单词回扣]
(一)阅读词汇写其义
1．immigration n. 移民 2.visa n．签证
3．reception n. 欢迎会；招待会 4.embassy n. 使馆_
5．awkward adj. 尴尬的 6.coincidence n. 巧合
7．sigh v. 叹气，叹息 8.circumstance n. 情形，情况
(二)表达词汇写其形
1．serious adj. 严肃的 ck v. 缺乏，缺少
3．opportunity n. 机会 4.certain pron. 某些
5．reply n. 回答，答复，回信 6.tease v. 戏弄，嘲弄，揶揄
7．interrupt v. 打断 8.purpose n. 目的
9．fool n. 傻瓜，笨蛋 10.anyhow adv. 不管怎么说，无论如何
(三)拓展词汇灵活用
*1.impolite adj.不礼貌的→(反义词)polite adj.礼貌的→impolitely adv.不礼貌地*2.confidently adv.自信地→confident adj.自信的→confidence n．自信心
3．advance adj.预先的，在前的n．前进；进步v．前进；促进；提前→advanced adj.先进的；高级的
4．application n．申请→apply v．申请→applicant n．申请人；应聘者
5．absence n．缺乏，不存在→absent adj.缺乏的；不在的，缺席的
*6.apology n．道歉，致歉→apologise v．道歉
7．acquaintance n．熟人，相识的人→acquaint v．认识；使熟悉
8．cautious adj.谨慎的，慎重的，小心的→caution n．谨慎，慎重，小心
*9.imagine v．想象→imagination n．想象(力)；幻想→imaginative adj.创造性的；富有想象力的
*10.successful adj.成功的→success n．成功→succeed v．成功；接替，继承
用上面标注*的单词的正确形式填空
1．Tom apologised to Mary the other day for his rudeness; of course, she accepted his apology.(apologise)
2．Tom used to be confident about his future. He said confidently that he would go to a key college. But his confidence was badly shaken by the failure in the final examination. (confident)
3．Generally speaking, an inventor needs a creative imagination,_but can you
imagine a little boy like him can make so imaginative a model ship？(imagine) 4．He succeeded his father as manager of the company. Soon their business became very successful. Lots of people wanted to know the secret of his success. (success) 5．It's impolite for you to speak to your parents impolitely in public. On the contrary, it's polite to talk to them gently. (polite)
,[话题单词积累]
1．consult/kən'sʌlt/ vt. 请教；商量
2．forgive/fə'ɡIv/ vt. 原谅
3．relax/rI'læks/ vt.&vi. (使)放松
4．relaxing/rI'læksIŋ/ adj. 令人轻松的
5．relaxed/rI'lækst/ adj. 轻松的
6．enthusiastic/InˌθjuːzI'æstIk/ adj.热情的
7．sincere/sIn'sIə/ adj. 真诚的
8．modest/'mɒdIst/ adj. 谦虚的
9．reliable/rI'laIəbl/ adj. 可信赖的
10．patient/'peIʃ(ə)nt/ adj. 有耐心的
11．trust/trʌst/ vt. 相信；信任
12．complain/kəm'pleIn/ vt.&vi. 抱怨
13．embarrass/Im'bærəs/ vt. 使尴尬
14．appreciate/ə'priːʃIeIt/ vt. 欣赏，感激
15．appreciation/əpriːʃI'eIʃ(ə)n/ n. 欣赏，感激
16．friendliness/'fren(d)lInIs/ n. 友情，友善
17．admit/əd'mIt/ vt. 承认，允许
18．allow/ə'laʊ/ vt. 允许；许可
19．recommend/rekə'mend/ vt. 推荐，介绍
20．remind/rI'maInd/ vt. 提醒
21．advise/əd'vaIz/ vt. 建议
22．avoid/ə'vɒId/ vt. 避免
23．ignore/Iɡ'nɔː/ vt. 不理睬；忽视
24．disagree/dIsə'ɡriː/ vi. 不同意
25．disturb/dI'stɜːb/ vt. 打扰
26．refuse/rI'fjuːz/ vt. 拒绝
27．reject/rI'dʒekt/ vt. 拒绝；排斥
28．regret/rI'ɡret/ v. 抱歉，后悔
29．warn/wɔːn/ v. 警告
30．topic/'tɒpIk/ n. 话题
31．conversation/kɒnvə'seIʃ(ə)n/ n. 交谈
32．chat/tʃæt/ v．&n. 聊天；闲谈
33．gossip/'ɡɒsIp/ vi.&n. 闲话
34．awkwardness/'ɔːkwədnəs/ n. 尴尬
35．prejudice/'predʒʊdIs/ n. 偏见
[二积短语顿挫抑扬]
[课内短语回扣]
(一)根据汉语写出下列短语
1．make_friends 交朋友，建立友谊
2．(be)_nervous_about 对……神经紧张/害怕/胆怯/焦虑不安
*3.think_of 想起，回忆起
4．find_out 了解(到)；找出(信息)
*5.in_addition 除此之外，另外
6．as_a_consequence 因此，结果
*7.cheer_sb._up 使某人高兴/振作起来
*8.leave_out 省去，删去
9．(be)_aware_of 知道；意识到
*10.show_off 炫耀
(二)用上面标注*的短语完成下列句子
1．In order to show_off his new car, Mike drove to the pub.
2．I think_of the happy time we spent together every time I go back to my hometown.
3．When I encounter difficulties, her eyes will encourage me and help cheer_me_up.
4．Take care not to leave_out anything useful when you leave.
5．It's too late to go to the football match now; in_addition,_it's beginning to rain.
[话题短语积累]
1．make up 和解
2．communicate with 与……交流
3．pass the time 打发时间
4．share ...with ... 与……分享……
5．depend/rely on 依靠，相信
6．have ...in common 有共同之处
7．be on good terms with sb. 与某人关系好
8．be honest with sb. 对某人很坦诚
9．think highly/much of sb. 对某人评价高
10．have words with ... 与……发生口角
11．calm ...down (使)平静下来；
(使)镇静下来
12．get through 接通电话
13．call up/ring up 打电话
14．take it easy 别紧张
15．good manners 有礼貌
16．wait in a line 排队等候
17．call off 取消
18．turn down 拒绝
19．get/be tired of 对……厌烦
20．have trouble in doing sth. 在做某事方面有困难
[三积句式写作扮靓]
[课内句式仿写]
1．“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”
[例句] Talk to a man about himself, and he will speak to you for hours!
[仿写] 再给我一个小时，我会把工作做完的。

Give_me_one_more_hour,_and I'll get the work finished.
2．every time引导时间状语从句
[例句] Her motto was “Every time I open my mouth, I put my foot in it.”
[仿写] 每当我看到这张照片时，我总想起在大学的美好时光。

Every_time_I_see_the_photo,_I always think of the wonderful time in university.
3．it＋be动词＋过去分词＋that从句
[例句] It is estimated that80% of all conversation in English is small talk.
[仿写] 众所周知，“有志者，事竟成。

”(2014·四川高考满分作文)
It's_known_to_all_that “Where is a will, there is a way.”
[话题佳句背诵]
1．Not only are they modest, but also they are very polite to teachers and other students.
他们不仅谦逊而且对老师和其他同学非常有礼貌。

2．We should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoying a harmonious life.
我们应当彼此友善，这对于享受和谐的生活是必要的。

3．As far as I'm concerned, to build a good relationship, we should trust each other first.
就我个人而言，要建立良好的关系，我们首先应该彼此信任。

4．In my opinion, this relationship should be filled with love, care, understanding, and respect, so we can exchange ideas freely and get along well with each other.
我认为，这种关系应该充满爱、关心、理解和尊重，因此我们能够自由地交换观点，并且能够相处融洽。

[四背语段语感流畅]
What is small talk? Small talk is a relaxing conversation that people make to pass the time or avoid awkwardness. You can make small talk when waiting in a line at the store, or while waiting for a bus or a lift. Though the topics in small talk are not important, small talk itself is very important. It makes other people relaxed. It breaks the silence and passes the time pleasantly. In addition, it shows friendliness and good manners.
闲聊是什么？闲聊就是人们用来打发时间或避免尴尬所进行的轻松的谈话。

您可以在商店排队时闲聊，或者在等公共汽车或电梯时闲聊。

虽然闲聊的主题并不重要，但是闲聊本身非常重要。

它让其他人放松。

它打破沉寂，愉快地打发时间。

另外，它还表明友好和礼貌。

[第一板块重点词汇突破]
[师生共研词汇]
1．lack v．缺乏，缺少n.缺乏；短缺的东西
[教材原句] Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you don't know?
你是否想结交更多的朋友，但是又缺乏与陌生人交谈的信心？
Though lacking
尽管缺钱，但他的父母还是设法供他上了大学。

②It's not that exercise makes you healthy; it's more that a_lack_of exercise leaves your body weak and easily affected by disease.
并不是锻炼使你健康，更应该是缺乏锻炼让你身体虚弱，容易遭受疾病的侵袭。

③For_lack_of confidence, she is lacking_in skills of communicating.
因缺少自信，她缺乏交流技巧。

[名师指津] lack既可以作动词也可作名词。

作及物动词时不能用于被动语态，后面直接接宾语；作不及物动词时常接介词for；作名词时，后面常用介词of。

2．absence n．缺乏，不存在
[教材原句] Esther Greenbaum's major shortcoming was that she had a complete absence of small talk.
埃斯特·戈林鲍姆的主要缺点是她根本不会闲聊。

in_the_absence_of a native language environment.
然而，在缺乏母语环境的情况下学习作为外语的英语相当困难。

②I will go on a business trip tomorrow; Mark will be in charge of the company in_my_absence.
明天我要出差；我不在时马克管理公司。

③Please excuse my absence from class today, because I got a bad cold yesterday evening and didn't sleep well at night.
请原谅我今天不能上课，因为我昨天晚上得了重感冒并且晚上没有睡好。

④Dear Miss, I am writing to apologize to you for being absent (absence) from the activity of the English club on May 5th.
亲爱的老师，我因没有参加5月5日的英语俱乐部活动而写信向你道歉。

3．apology n．道歉，致歉
[高考佳句] I owe you an apology for the fact that I cannot go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
我应向你道歉，星期五下午不能和你一起去书店。

→I think you should make_an_apology to your brother for being so rude to him.
你对你弟弟那么粗鲁，我认为你应该为此向他道歉。

②Please accept_our_apology for the inconvenience this matter has given you.
对此事给您带来的不便，请接受我们的歉意。

4．imagine v．想象，设想
[高考佳句] I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.(2014·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)
我经常想象将来我的生活会是什么样子。

①She imagined walking (walk) into the office and telling everyone what she thought of them.
她想象自己走进办公室，告诉每个人自己对他们的看法。

②I never knew my grandmot her, but I always imagine her as/to_be a kind and gentle person.
我从未见过我的祖母，但我总把她想象成一个善良、温和的人。

③Sometimes, imagination (imagine) is more important than knowledge during our studies.
有时候，在学习过程中想象力比知识更重要。

[名师指津] imagine后接v.­ing形式，不接不定式作宾语，有时可加上v.­ing形式动作的发出者(常用代词宾格或形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构)。

[词汇过关练]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He just graduated from the university last month, so he is lacking in working experience.
2．I recommend making seat reservations in advance, because this is a popular film and there will be a lot of audience.
3．He was absent from the conference yesterday because of his sudden heart disease.
4．The case was dismissed in the absence of any definite proof.
5．Don't wait for an apology. Many times the person who hurt you does not plan to_apologise. (apologise)
6．I can't imagine him living (live) in the old house by himself without electricity.
7．If you joke with him, he'll think you're looking down on him on purpose.
8．I planned to leave the next day but under the circumstances I decided to stay another night.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Poetry written from the perspective of the urban youth tends to reveal their anxiety over a lack for sense of belonging.for→of
2．Nothing happened during his absence of America.of→from
3．Every time he interrupts me, he always makes apology to me.apology前加an 4．It's hard to imagine live in a place where there are no telephones or cars.live→living
5．It is sure that he has passed the examination, and I am sure I will pass it too.第一个sure→certain
Ⅲ.单句写作(一句多译)
1．由于缺钱，这个可怜的女孩不能买这本书。

①The poor girl can't buy this book for_lack_of_money.(for lack of)
②Lacking_money,_the poor girl can't buy this book. (lack分词短语作状语)
③Because_she_lacks_money,_the poor girl can't buy this book.(lack v. 原因状语从句)
2．我不得不为迟到向班主任道歉。

①I had to apologise_to_the_headteacher_for my being late.(apologise to sb. for )
②I had to make_an_apology_to_the_headteacher_for my being late.(make an apology)
3．我认为我们的校长是一个负责任的领导。

①I imagine_our_headmaster_as/to_be a responsible leader. (imagine sb. as/to be ...)
②I imagine_our_headmaster_is a responsible leader. (imagine ＋从句)
[第二板块短语、句式突破]
1．leave out省去，删去；漏掉；忽视；忽略；不考虑
[教材原句] Notice how certain words are left out in informal conversation.
注意在非正式谈话中是如何省略某些词的。

[一词多义] 写出下列句中leave out的含义
①You can leave out the parts of the story that are not interesting.省去，删去
②No wonder you couldn't get through. You've left out a zero in this phone number.漏掉
③All the others seemed to know each other and I began to feel left out.忽视
④We left out the possibility of his coming to the party.不考虑
⑤Either one goes forward or he will be left_behind.
不进则退。

⑥If left_alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter.
如果把猫和狗丢在外面不管，它们很快就会找到温暖的栖身之处。

2．show off炫耀
[教材原句] Income is a very private matter, and you'd do well to avoid asking how much people earn, although some people may not only be open about it, but show off their wealth.
收入属于个人隐私，所以你最好避免问别人挣多少钱，尽管有些人对此不仅不加隐瞒，反而还炫耀他们的财富。

himself off in public. Therefore, he seldom shows up on the TV screen.
尽管莫言获得了诺贝尔文学奖，但他并不愿意在公众面前炫耀自己。

所以，他很少出现在电视屏幕上。

②I'll be very glad to show you around our beautiful city when you arrive.
你到达时，我非常乐意带你参观我们这座美丽的城市。

次……”。

常见的可用作从属连词的名词短语或副词还有：
①Every/Each_time
每次我在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地看报纸。

②The_first_time I interviewed him, he looked a bit nervous.
我第一次采访他时，他看起来有点紧张。

③Next_time_you_come_to_Beijing,_be sure to let me know in advance.
下次你来北京时，务必提前告诉我。

[名师指津] the first time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……时”。

for the first time是介词短语，只能用作状语，意为“第一次”。

[短语、句式过关练]
Ⅰ.leave短语填空
1．The printer has left_out two lines from this paragraph.
2．My aunt is leaving_for Beijing at eleven o'clock tomorrow morning.
3．I wonder why they left_aside such an important question.
4．We're going to be_left_behind by the rest of the world if we don't do all we can to catch up.
5．I am really terrified of being_left_alone in that house.
Ⅱ.用show短语完成下面语段
My son 1.showed me around his schoolyard last week. When we approached their science lab, he 2.showed me in and 3.showed_off the advanced instruments 4.on_show. After all was finished he 5.showed me out of the school gate.
Ⅲ.句型转换
1．I'll never forget the excitement when I saw the sea for the first time.
→I'll never forget the excitement the_first_time I saw the sea.
2．The virus is believed to have spread in many countries.
→It_is_believed_that the virus has spread in many countries.
3．If you take this medicine, you'll be fine.
→Take_this_medicine_and you'll be fine.
4．However boring the lecture is, you must listen to it carefully.
→No_matter_how boring the lecture is, you must listen to it carefully.
[课堂双线提能] 课堂一刻钟演练，实现教材与高考的对接
提能一用课文词汇写高分作文
apologise， advanced， imagine， in advance， show off， lack of， every time，in one's absence
1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)
①经理要求我们提前完成任务以炫耀他的工作能力。

The manager required us to finish the task in_advance to show_off his ability to work.
②因为缺少先进的设备，我们没有按时完成任务，他要求我们为此向他道歉。

Because of (a) lack_of advanced equipment, we didn't finish it on time, and he demanded we should apologise to him for it.
③你可以想象当时我有多生气。

You could imagine how angry I was at that time.
④每次我记起这件事，我仍然很生气。

Every_time I remember it, I still get annoyed.
⑤我们不得不服从他，但是有时候在他不在时我们会抱怨。

We had to obey him, but we sometimes complained in_his_absence.
⑥他被认为是一个不受欢迎的经理。

He_is_believed_to_be an unpopular manager.
2．升级平淡句
(1)用“介词＋关系代词”把句②改写成定语从句
Because_of_(a)_lack_of_advanced_equipment,_we_didn't_finish_it_on_time,_for _which_he_demanded_we_should_apologise_to_him._
(2)用“It＋be＋过去分词＋that ...”句型改写句⑥
It_is_believed_that_he_is_an_unpopular_manager.
3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇： but, although, in a word)
The manager required us to finish the task in advance to show off his ability to work. But because of (a) lack of advanced equipment, we didn't finish it on time, for which he demanded we should apologise to him. You could imagine how angry I was at that time. Every time I remember it, I still get annoyed. Although we had to obey him, we sometimes complained in his absence. In a word, it is believed that he is an unpopular manager.
提能二用课文句型解构高考长难句[本单元突破点——多个定语从句＋状语从句]
本模块的话题是“人际关系”，是高考常考话题之一。

“闲谈”一词的别样说法有很多，比如“聊天”“侃大山”“摆龙门阵”等等。

了解东西方人们聊天的方式、技巧、内容等的异同有助于我们更深的了解西方文化。

纵观历年各地高考试题，此话题在听力、完形填空、阅读理解、阅读七选五等题型中频繁出现。

话题与语篇
[考题示例] (2016·浙江高考阅读A)
[1] “Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday？” Lindsey whispers to Tori.
[2] With her eyes shining, Tori b rags, “You bet I did. Sean told me two days ago.”
[3] Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about? It just happens to be yours truly, Adam Freedman. I can tell you that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip (闲话).
I have noticed three effects of gossip：it can hurt people, it can give gossipers
a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group.
[4] An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic —breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out — that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.
[5] If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor (传言) can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don't. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.” In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people
a sense of belonging or even superiority (优越感)．
[6] Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group.Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane
said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do's and don'ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.
[7] The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.
1．The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to ________.
A．introduce a topic B．present an argument
C．describe the characters D．clarify his writing purpose
2．An important negative effect of gossip is that it ________.
A．breaks up relationships
B．embarrasses the listener
C．spreads information around
D．causes unpleasant experiences
3．In the author's opinion, many people like to gossip because it ________.
A．gives them a feeling of pleasure
B．helps them to make more friends
C．makes them better at telling stories
D．enables them to meet important people
4．Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can ________.
A．provide students with written rules
B．help people watch their own behaviors
C．force schools to improve student handbooks
D．attract the police's attention to group behaviors
5．What advice does the author give in the passage?
A．Never become a gossiper.
B．Stay away from gossipers.
C．Don't let gossip turn into lies.
D．Think twice before you gossip.
[策略指导]
(一)这样读文
第1步：宏观把握文章大意
[自主翻译] 把这转换成高中用语，意思就是如果和你在一起的每个人都在嘲笑约翰穿的衣服或者简说过的话，那你肯定会知道自己穿同样的衣服或者说同样的话也会引起人们的那种消极的关注。

(二)这样做题
[名师解题]
1．推理判断题。

选 A 根据文章开头的对话内容和下文内容可知，作者使用对话的主要目的在于引出本文的话题“人们为什么喜欢说闲话”。

A项为合理推断。

B项“展示一个争论”；C项“描述人物性格”；D项“阐明写作目的”均为曲解文意。

2．推理判断题。

选 D 根据第四段可推知，说闲话的一个重要的消极影响是伤害被说闲话的人的感情。

D项为合理推断。

A项“关系破裂”为无中生有；B项“让听的人很尴尬”为无中生有；C项“到处传播信息”为混淆视听。

3．细节理解题。

选 A 从第三段中的“it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction”和第五段中的“gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging ...”可知，很多人喜欢说闲话是因为他们可以从中获得某种满足感，A项为同义替换。

B项“帮助他们交更多的朋友”为曲解文意；C项“让他们更会讲故事”为无中生有；D项“让他们能够遇到重要的人物”为曲解文意。

4．细节理解题。

选B 从第六段中的“Professor David Wilson explains ... in a group.”可知，说闲话会帮助群体成员观察自身的行为习惯。

B项为同义替换。

A项“为学生提供书面的规则”为混淆视听；C项“迫使学校改善学生守则”为无中生有；D项“引起警察对团队行为的关注”，为曲解文意。

5．推理判断题。

选D 从第七段可知，作者建议我们在说闲话时要慎重考虑，D项为合理推断。

A项“永远不要成为一个说闲话的人”；B项“远离那些说闲话的人”；C项“不要让闲话变成谎言”。

均为曲解文意。

[阅读理解系列技法23] 三招突破推理判断题
1．借助关键词进行推理判断
此类推理判断题只需要寻找与题干有逻辑关系的关键词就可以推出正确答案。

因此，解题时应认真阅读试题，弄清要求和回答问题的角度，结合原文看是否有关键词可以用来进行推理判断。

2．借助关键句、段进行推理判断
此类试题的解答需要对较多信息进行阅读和推理。

因此，解题时应认真阅读试题题干，回到原文找到与题目有逻辑关系的关键句或关键段，并借助其进行推理判断，看与哪一个备选项的内容在意义与逻辑上吻合。

3．借助常识进行推理判断
此类推理判断题要求在读懂所涉及内容的每个句子的基础上，结合自己的生活常识和经验，通过逻辑推理和判断，快速高效地得出答案。

例如第5题，我们可根据最后一段中“The next time ... think about why ...”think about一词可推知“在说闲话前，要三思而后行”。

(三)这样积累
1．shameful adj. 可耻的，丢脸的
2．absolute adj. 绝对的，完全的
3．police v. 监督，管制
4．brag v. 自夸，吹嘘
5．you bet (俗)当然，的确
6．hang around with 与……混在一起
[单元检测·高考提能]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Recently, a group of scientists decided to find out what the funniest joke in the world was. This was obviously a difficult task, as no two people really agree about what is funny and what is not — especially when they are from different countries.
Here is the joke which the experts decided was the funniest joke in the world：Two hunters were out in the woods. One of them fell to the ground. He didn't seem to be breathing; his eyes were closed. The other hunter took out his mobile phone and called the emergency services (紧急救援部门). “My friend is dead！”he cried to the operator.“What can I do？” The operator said，“Don't worry. First, make sure he's dead.”There was a silence, and then a shot (枪声) was heard. Bang!
The hunter's voice came back on the line. He said，“OK, now what？”
This is perhaps amusing. Culturally, it depends on us knowing that often hunters are not considered to be very intelligent people, and that often they are quite violent. But perhaps this is not so all over the world. It's also quite a “black” joke —a joke about something which isn't really a funny subject. The experts also found the second funniest joke in the world. Here it is：
Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson went on a camping trip. After dinner, they went to sleep. Some hours later, Holmes woke up. “Watson, look up at the sky and tell me what you see.”
“I see millions of stars, Holmes，” replied Watson.
“And what do you infer from that？”
“Well, there are billions of stars ... we are a small part of the universe ...”
“Watson, you idiot！” he said. “Someone has stolen our tent！”
I personally think this is better.
Can scientists in the end decide what is funny? Some things are much too complicated, even for scientists.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。

一些科学家试图找到世界上最好笑的笑话，但实际上由于人们判断笑话好笑的标准不一样，找出最好笑的笑话是很难做到的。

1．What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A．Few jokes can make scientists laugh.
B．Only scientists can find out the funniest joke.
C．There are different jokes in different countries.
D．People hold different opinions about what is funny.
解析：选D 推理判断题。

根据第一段第二句可知，人们对笑话是否好笑持有不同的观点。

2．What does the author think of the first joke?
A．It is not so funny as the experts thought.
B．It is really the funniest joke he has ever heard.
C．It can greatly affect readers' attitudes toward hunters.
D．It shows that not all hunters are brave and intelligent.
解析：选A 推理判断题。

根据第四段中的“This is perhaps amusing ... It's also quite a ‘black’ joke — a joke about something which isn't really a funny subject.”可知，作者认为第一个笑话不如专家认为的那样好笑，它充其量只是个“黑色幽默”。

3．We can learn that a person's understanding of a joke can be affected by ________.
A．the reader's feeling
B．the length of the joke
C．the reader's cultural background
D．the language that the teller uses
解析：选C 推理判断题。

根据第四段中的“Culturally, it depends on us knowing that often hunters are not considered to be very intelligent people ...”可知，一个人对某个笑话的理解受其文化背景的影响。

4．Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A．Uninteresting jokes
B．Different kinds of jokes
C．The funniest jokes in the world
D．Tips on how to make others laugh
解析：选C 主旨大意题。

本文主要讲的是科学家试图找出世界上最好笑的笑话，但是不同的人持有不同的观点。

B
Opening in 1934, the Brookfield Zoo quickly received a worldwide reputation for its special displays and unique exhibits.
Address：1st Avenue between Ogden Avenue and 31st Street, Brookfield, Illinois Phone: 708­688­8000
Getting to the Brookfield Zoo by Public Transportation：
The Metra Rail Burlington Northern line runs from Union Station downtown to the “Zoo Stop” (Hollywood Station) and from there it's only a 2­block northeast walk to the zoo.
Driving from Downtown：
Drive along the Eisenhower Expressway west to First Avenue exit. Head south about 2.5 miles and follow the signs to the zoo entrance.
Parking at the Brookfield Zoo：
Parking fees are $9 for cars and $12 for buses.
The Brookfield Zoo Hours：
The Brookfield Zoo is open 365 days per year.
Monday－Saturday: 9：30 a．m. to 6：00 p．m.
Sunday: 9：30 a．m. to 7：30 p．m.
The Brookfield Zoo Tickets：
Adults (ages 12－64), $13.50；
Seniors (ages 65＋), $9.50；
Children (ages 3－11), $9.50；
Children (ages 2 and under), free
The Brookfield Zoo Featured Exhibits：
Tropic World; Wolf Woods; Living Coast; Seven Seas; Fragile Kingdom; Australia House; Habitat Africa.
About the Brookfield Zoo：
The Brookfield Zoo is located just 14 miles west of downtown Chicago. It's home to a variety of animal species, and its use of natural barriers and moats (壕沟) is so much more relaxing and enjoyable than watching a lion pace back and forth in a cage. The absence of bars also makes for great wildlife photo opportunities. The Brookfield Zoo also focuses on education, with detailed displays about the animals being viewed and the interactive program that lets kids get some hands­on experience to learn what it takes to run a zoo as well as face painting and crafts.
For more information about the Brookfield Zoo, visit .
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。

文章主要是对位于芝加哥城西近郊的布鲁克菲尔德动物园的介绍。

5．Where is the entrance to the Brookfield Zoo?
A．At 31st Street. B．At First Avenue.
C．At Ogden Avenue. D．At the Hollywood Station.
解析：选B 细节理解题。

由“Address”中介绍该动物园的地址在“1st Avenue”和“Driving from Downtown”中的“Drive along the Eisenhower ... to the zoo entrance.”可知，该动物园的入口在第一大街。

6．How much should a couple in their thirties and their 5­year­old twins pay if they want to visit the zoo?
A．D|S23. B．D|S32.5.
C．D|S36.5. D．D|S46.
解析：选D 细节理解题。

由“The Brookfield Zoo Tickets”中的内容可知，一对夫妻需要付13.50×2＝27美元，一对5岁的双胞胎需要付9.50×2＝19美元，因此共需付46美元。

7．What make(s) the Brookfield Zoo more attractive and enjoyable?
A．Its cheap tickets. B．Its various activities.
C．Its cage­less displays.D．Its geographical advantage.
解析：选C 推理判断题。

由倒数第二段中的“its use of natural barriers and moats (壕沟) is so much more relaxing and enjoyable than watching a lion pace back and forth in a ca ge”可知，该动物园使用了天然屏障和壕沟隔离游客和动物，使得游客更加轻松愉快地欣赏没有关在笼子里的动物。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Knowing how to get the conversation started is important, however, keeping it going is even more important. Here are some conversation skills that make people like you.
Invite people to share their lives
The most important conversation skill is to invite people to talk about their lives. __1__ Show an interest in learning about a person's history, family, ideas, or goals and it will likely get the conversation going right away. __2__ Ask open­ende d (开放式的) questions
Open­ended questions require more than just a yes­or­no answer. Ask open­ended questions that encourage other people to start discussing a topic in detail. __3__ These questions really encourage other people to offer information about their story and invite them to share their opinion.
Wait for your turn to talk
Whatever you do, don't interrupt. Instead, wait patiently for your turn to talk. Interrupting is one of the quickest ways to shut down a conversation and make other people uncomfortable. Show that you value what others are saying. __4__ Request advice
Asking for advice shows that you value someone else's opinion. Just because you ask for advice doesn't mean you have to follow it. __5__ Ask your co­worker if she likes your new jacket or ask a friend how you should handle a situation. Asking for advice can make others feel important.
A．Almost everyone enjoys talking about themselves.
B．You can ask for advice on both simple and serious things in life.
C．This shows that you are listening and helps clarify what you have heard.
D．If a person appears uncomfortable sharing something personal, change the subject.
E．If someone is talking about something you don't understand, ask for an explanation.
小学+初中+高中
F．Truly listen to what is being said rather than try to think of what you will say next.
G．For example, ask, “What made you decide to pursue nursing？” or “How did you like living in Hawaii？”
语篇解读：懂得如何开始聊天很重要，但让聊天持续更重要。

本文介绍了几个聊天技巧能让你成为受人欢迎的交谈对象。

1．选A 本空所在段落主要说明了要引导别人谈论他们自己的生活。

A项中的“talking about themse lves”与本空前一句中“talk about their lives”形成对应。

2．选D D项中的“something personal”与前一句中的“a person's history, family, ideas, or goals”形成对应。

如果有的人对谈论一些私人话题感到不舒服的话，那就换个话题。

3．选G G项与下一句语意衔接。

下一句中的“These questions”指代G项中的开放式问题。

4．选F 本空所在段落告诉我们不要插话，要耐心等待轮到你说话时再说。

F项符合本段大意。

5．选B 你可以就生活中简单和重大的事情询问别人的意见。

本空下一句给出了具体例子：比如说你可以问你的同事是否喜欢你的新夹克或问你的朋友怎样处理某个情况。

小学+初中+高中。