高中英语 Unit 4 Exploring plants Section Ⅱ Warming

Section ⅡWarming Up & Reading—Language
Points
Collecting “exotic” plants，as they are called，dates back to the earliest times.
收集所谓的“异国”植物要追溯到很久以前。

①This town dates back to the Roman times.
这座城镇在罗马时代就开始有了。

②This custom dates from the ancient times.
这个习俗起源于古代。

[自我探究]
date back to是由动词＋副词＋介词构成的动词短语；＝date_from，意为追溯到……；始于；常用一般现在时时态。

out of date 过时的，陈旧的
to date 到目前为止
up to date 最新的
③The exhibition contains some of his best work to date.这个展览有他迄今为止一些最好的作品。

[巧学活用]——完成句子
针灸治疗可以追溯到古代中国，逐渐地被其他国家的医学专家所接受。

The needle treatment________________the ancient times
in China is gradually accepted by experts in medicine in other countries.
答案：dating from
Many ancient civilisations saw the value of bringing back plants from distant lands.
许多古老文明都见证了从遥远的地方带回植物的价值。

①The distant star is far distant from the earth.
这颗星距离地球很远。

②If you are very quiet，you can hear the distant music from the circus in town. 如果你们十分安静，你们就会听到远处镇上马戏团的音乐声。

③He is a distant cousin of mine.
他是我的一个远房表哥。

[自我探究]
distant是形容词，意为遥远的，远处的；远房的。

distant adj. 冷淡的，疏远的，不亲近的distance n. 距离，远离，远方
at a distance of 在距离……远的地方
at a/some distance 隔一段距离，距离稍远一些in the distance 在远处
keep sb.at a distance 对某人保持距离
keep one’s distance from 避开，不接近
④Mike sounded very cold and distant on the phone.
从电话里听起来迈克非常冷淡和疏远。

⑤The time we spent together is now a distant memory.
我们一起度过的时光现在已经成为久远的记忆。

⑥At a distance of six miles you can’t see much.
距离六英里以外的东西你很难看清。

⑦I would keep my distance from that roaring river，if
I were you.
我要是你，我就会远离那条咆哮的河流。

这个陌生人似乎来自远方的国度。

[巧学活用]——完成句子
(1)成功之大远远超过了他们的预期。

It had been a success____________________their expectations.
(2)这两个男孩是远房亲戚。

The two boys_________________________________________________.
答案：(1)far beyond
(2)are distant relations
Brave young men took the opportunity of going on botanical expeditions，often facing many dangers including disease，near-starvation，severe environments and conflicts with the local people.
勇敢的年轻人借机进行植物探索活动，他们常常面临许多危险，如疾病、饥饿、严酷的环境以及同当地居民的冲突。

①My interests conflict with yours.
我的利益与你的相抵触。

②Your request conflicts with my duty.
你的要求与我的职责相抵触。

[自我探究]
conflict既可以作动词也可以作名词，意为抵触，争斗；冲突，常与介词with连用。

conflict n．斗争，冲突
v. 战争，冲突，抵触
conflict with 与……冲突
in conflict with 同……相冲突
come into conflict with 和……冲突
race conflict 种族冲突
conflict of interests 利害冲突
③The story tells of a classic conflict between love and duty.
这个故事讲的是典型的爱与责任之间的冲突。

④John often comes into conflict with his boss.
约翰经常和他的老板发生争执。

⑤The results conflict with earlier discoveries.
这些结果与早期的发现相矛盾。

(1)Armed____________is likely to break out between the two countries.
(2)He was always____________with his neighbors about the noise.
(3)The men in the boat____________with great waves.
(4)All these actions by the NATO____________with the universally accepted international laws.
答案：(1)conflict(2)fighting(3)struggled (4)conflicted
One of the collectors was Father Farges，who collected 37 seeds from a tree that had appealed to him.
其中一位收集者叫做法尔热的神父，从他所喜爱的一棵树上收集了37粒种子。

①I’m sure it will appeal to you, for you have been enthusiastic about sports. 我确信这一定会吸引你，因为你热衷于体育。

[自我探究]
appeal是动词，意为(对某人)有吸引力，常与介词 to连用；appeal to sb.意为向某人求助，恳求某人。

(1)appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力；使某人感兴趣
appeal to sb.for sth./to do sth. 向某人呼吁/恳求……
(2)make an appeal to sb.for sth. 为……向某人呼吁或请求
make an appeal to sb.to do sth. 呼吁/恳求某人做某事
(3)appealing adj. 有吸引力的；恳求的
②The police are making an appeal to the public for information about the crime.
警方呼吁公众提供有关这宗犯罪案件的信息。

[巧学活用]——一句多译
他呼吁选民们明天去投票站。

(1)He ________________ go to the polls tomorrow.(appeal v．)
(2)He ______________________ go to the polls tomorrow.(appeal n．)
答案：(1)appealed to voters to (2)made an appeal to voters to
The plants in our gardens look so familiar that often we do not realize that many of them actually come from countries far away.
我们花园里的植物看上去是那么熟悉，以至于我们常常意识不到在这些植物中有许多实际上来自遥远的国度。

①The bus was so full that I could hardly turn around.
公共汽车挤得我几乎无法转身。

②He is so busy that he could have little time for his lunch.
他太忙了，以至于没有时间吃午饭。

[自我探究]
以上例句是复合句，so...that...意为如此……以至于……；其中so是副词，它后面可以跟形容词或副词，表示程度。

that引导结果状语从句。

so...that.../such...that...如此……以至于……，它们的用法如下：
(1)在这个句型中，so是副词，修饰形容词或副词；such是形容词，修饰的中心词是名词。

(2)在many，few，much，little(表示数量)前只能用so，不能用such来修饰。

(3)当such修饰的中心词是可数名词的单数形式，且有形容词修饰时，可以转化成so...that...结构。

如：
such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.可以转化成：so＋形容词＋a/an＋n.。

(4)so that引导结果状语从句时，多用逗号与主句隔开；如果引导目的状语从句时，常与情态动词can，could，may，might，will等连用，且从句一般不与主句隔开。

③If it is a good book，you might say，“it’s so good that
I can’t put it down.”
如果这是一本好书，你或许会说：“这本书太好了，我舍不得把它放下。

”
④This is such an interesting film that we all like it.
这是一部那么有趣的电影，我们都非常喜欢它。

⑤There were so many people in the street watching the fire that the firefighters could not get close to the building.
街上有那么多观火的人，消防人员没法靠近那幢大楼。

⑥It was such a warm day that we decided to go outing.＝It was so warm a day that we decided to go outing.
天气这么好我们决定去郊游。

⑦Our professor spoke through a microphone so that he could be heard clearly by the students. 我们的教授在讲课时用麦克风，以便让学生听得清楚。

⑧Tom lived in the near village，so that he was never late for school.
汤姆住在附近的村子里，所以他上学从没有迟到过。

[巧学活用]——句型转换
We were in so anxious a rush when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.
→We were in__________________________when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.
答案：such an anxious rush
课时作业10
Ⅰ单句语法填空
1．The old building ____________(date) back to the Ming Dynasty，which survived through several wars.
答案：dates
2．By law，when one makes a large purchase，he should have ____________(adequacy) opportunities to change his mind.
答案：adequate
3．The main purpose of this story is ____________(appeal) to the reader’s interest in the theme of “living and dead”；because it is a theme eternally interesting to all mankind.
答案：to appeal
4．—Can I visit the park freely?
—Of course you can.It is open to the public without ____________(restrict)．
答案：restriction
5．I will endeavour ____________(do) my best for my country.
答案：to do
6．While in college，he became interested in plants and majored ____________ botany.
答案：in
7．No matter where we are, friendship will tie our heart ____________(tight)．
答案：tightly
8．He had to ____________(low) his head to get through the door.
答案：lower
9．The painting looks more beautiful at ____________
distance.
答案：a
10．If you stay in a native English speaking country for a few months，you will become a ____________(fluence) English speaker.
答案：fluent
Ⅱ阅读理解
Imagine you are on a cold mountain with
steep rocks around.As you climb higher，the
air gets thinner and the sun’s rays
stronger.Just before you reach the snowline，you find what you came for—a small white flower，the edelweiss(火绒草)，which only grows in alpine(高山的) areas.
Plants face many challenges living in alpine areas，and only 200 kinds of plants can grow there.Plants rely on oxygen，water，and sunlight to make their own food through the process of photosynthesis(光合作用)．The alpine means less CO2，which makes the process more difficult.It also brings plants closer to the sun.The sunlight is so strong that it can burn a plant’s leaves.There is littl e water here，so the soil is dry and rocky.You also won’t find high trees because the cold wind would blow them over!
Alpine plants have advantages that help them survive the bad conditions.Like all alpine plants，the edelweiss stays close to the ground to avoid the wind.The cold water is deep underground，so the edelweiss grows very deep roots.Its leaves have a thick covering，which protects the plant from the wind and the sun’s bright rays.All these special characteristics help it grow，but very slowly.
The edelweiss can live in the conditions，but humans can’t.Climbing in the high and cold mountains is dangerous and difficult.This is why the edelweiss became such a special flower.Long ago，a young man would pick an edelweiss flower to prove his love to a girl，although it was risky.Many men died while trying.Getting the flower proved that the man was physically strong，brave，and devoted.
Alpine plants can’t spread seeds，so it’s difficult for new plants to grow.Once all the edelweiss flowers are gone in an area，they will not re­ernments help protect the edelweiss because it is considered an endangered plant.
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。

因缺少水和二氧化碳，并且阳光太过强烈，导致能在高山地区生长的植物很少。

本文重点介绍了火绒草的生长环境、特点及有关它的美好传说等。

1．The first two paragraphs mainly describe________．
A．the process of photosynthesis
B．the appearance of the edelweiss
C．the growing environment of the edelweiss
D．the challenge of mountain climbing
C解析：段落大意题。

通读文章可知，前两段主要描述了高山上植物生长的环境。

故C项正确。

2．The edelweiss can survive in the alpine conditions partly because________．
A．it grows high and strong
B．it can get more sunlight
C．its leaves’ covering is thin
D．its deep roots can get water
D解析：细节理解题。

根据第三段第三句“The cold water is deep underground，so the edelweiss grows very deep roots.”可知，D项正确。

3．What can we learn about the edelweiss from the text?
A．It is planted in large quantities.
B．It is a symbol of bravery.
C．It is a shade­loving plant.
D．It spreads its seeds by wind.
B解析：细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的“Alpine plants can’t spread seeds”和“it is considered an endangered
plant”可分别排除选项D和A；根据高山地区阳光照射强烈可知，火绒草不是喜阴植物，由此可排除C项；根据第四段可知，B项正确。

4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To introduce a special flower.
B．To compare different alpine plants.
C．To warn people not to pick flowers.
D．To encourage people to protect plants.
A解析：写作意图题。

通读全文可知，文章详细介绍了火绒草的生长环境和它能够在高山上生存的一些特征。

故A项正确。

Ⅲ完形填空
On my last day in Nairobi，I decided to visit the wildlife reserve(野生动物保护区)．__1__my hotel，I bought a map and__2__．On the way，I stopped to take photos of many interesting animals.A little later，I was very pleased when I saw notices__3__，“__4__lions.Stay in your car.”I didn’t mean to__5__ and drove across a shallow stream.I was halfway__6__when my wheels began to turn round and round without__7__a bit；the car had stuck in the mud.
Full of__8__，I looked around carefully.There was not a__9__in sight.I was soon in the stream and my clothes got into a terrible__10__，but there was__11__I could do.The car
wouldn’t move though I pushed it hard.__12__there was a forest quite near，I didn’t dare to go there.When I got back into the car，I felt very __13__．I wondered how long it would be__14__I was discovered by wild beasts.The lions would quite__15__ a tasty meal of a human being__16__！
I was wild with__17__when several hours later，a keeper drove up in a jeep and pulled my car on to dry land.
It took me some time to__18__what had happened to me when I returned to the__19__，but I do not think that anyone really__20__me!
1．A.Leaving B．Reaching
C．To get to D．To flee
A解析：因前面提到要去参观野生动物保护区，故在此应表示“离开”旅馆。

2．A.hired a car B．took a taxi
C．rode a horse D．hired a boat
A解析：根据下文作者不时停车拍照及“drove across a shallow stream...”可知作者是“租了一辆车”而不是乘出租车。

3．A.written B．read
C．put on D．saying
D解析：“……上面写着或说……”用动词say，此处用其
现在分词形式，read如果换成reading也可以。

4．A.For sale B．Come over
C．Turn off D．Be careful of
D解析：告示提醒人们“当心”狮子。

5．A.eat B．get out
C．go back D．give up
B解析：作者本来就没打算“下车”。

6．A.across B．inside
C．back D．ahead
A解析：根据上文“drove across a shallow stream”知，这里是指走了一半。

7．A.stopping B．driving
C．moving D．leading
C解析：车轮老是打转，不往前走。

8．A.fear B．anger
C．surprise D．pleasure
A解析：因前文提到“告示说周围有狮子”，所以作者感到“害怕”。

9．A.lion B．car
C．horse D．man
A解析：作者小心地环顾四周，但一头“狮子”也没看到。

10．A.mud B．place
C．state D．time
C解析：因车陷在小溪中的淤泥里，作者下来推车，身上应是又湿又脏，故衣服处于一种糟糕的状态。

11．A.one choice B．one way
C．something D．nothing
D解析：但是作者毫无办法。

There is nothing to do...为常用句型。

12．A.If B．Where
C．Although D．Even
C解析：根据前后的逻辑关系，在此只能用although，“尽管不远处有个树林，但我不敢去”。

13．A.anxious B．surprised
C．happy D．brave
A解析：别无他法，作者又回到车里，当然是感到“着急”。

14．A.before B．when
C．after D．whether
A解析：此处为“It＋be＋一段时间＋before”的句式，句意为“我不知道要过多久会被野兽发现”。

15．A.hate B．appreciate
C．thank D．refuse
B解析：由文意可知选B，appreciate意为“赞赏，喜欢，感谢”。

thank后只能接sb.，hate与refuse与文意不符。

16．A.dead B．rotten
C．flesh D．good
C解析：flesh指“肉”，这里“human being flesh”指人的肉体。

17．A.anger B．tears
C．sadness D．joy
D解析：有人把自己从困境中救出来，当然是“欣喜若狂”了。

18．A.write B．explain
C．publish D．announce
B解析：由下文的“but I do not think that anyone really______me”可知，这里指向人解释“explain”。

19．A.car B．country
C．hotel D．city
C解析：在此指作者返回“旅馆”，和文章开头“______my hotel”照应。

20．A.liked B．asked
C．believed D．heard
C解析：作者认为，自己怎么解释也不会有人真的“相信”自己。

Ⅳ短文改错
People had always been interested in bees.This interest
may have begun with the honey what bees make.In the fact, it has been found that people have been eating honey for thousand of years.In the more recently past, people were interested in the way bees made honey.They admired the way bees seemed to working so hard.Some languages even developed expressions about people working like bees.In English, for example, we talk with a“busy bee”．Now scientists have a new reason to be interested in bees.They have discovered that bees able to communicate with each other.Research has revealed some surprised facts about this, so there are still many mysteries.
答案：
People had
have
always been interested in bees.This
interest may have begun with the honey
what
that/which
bees
make.In the fact, it has been found that people have been
eating honey for thousand
thousands
of years.In the more
recently
recent
past, people were interested in the way bees made honey.They
admired the way bees seemed to working
work
so hard.Some
languages even developed expressions about people working
like bees.In English, for example, we talk with about
a“busy bee”．Now scientists have a new reason to be interested in
bees.They have discovered that bees are ∧ able to communicate
with each other.Research has revealed some surprised surprising
facts about this, so but there are still many mysteries.。