[精品]2019高考英语一轮核心考点探究与练习教材复习篇Unit1Alandofdiversity(含解析)8

Unit 1 A land of diversity
李仕才
选修8Unit 1 A land of diversity
【短文语法填空】
We live in a world where snapping (抓拍) photos of your kids and posting them to social media is about as natural to parents as kissing them.But when enjoying __1__ (they) with little ones, sharing pictures at birthday parties, or wearing new __2__ (cloth), parents should keep some moments private.Otherwise, you may put kids into embarrassment, or even __3__ (bad), make them a potential target for child traders.__4__， children at certain stages hate their photos to be made public too.
Now, parents __5__ post pictures of their children on social media could be accused by their sons or daughters under France’s privacy laws.Mothers and fathers are likely __6__ (face) a year in prison and a fine of ￡35,000, if they __7__ (find) guilty of posting details of their children’s private lives without their permission.And adults, who accuse that their parents damaged their right to privacy when they __8__ (be) children, could receive a large amount of money from their parents.In February, Eric Delcroix，__9__ expert on Internet law, posted a message on WeChat, reading：“Please stop __10__ (post) pictures of your kids on WeChat.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要呼吁父母不要轻易将孩子的照片放到社交媒体上以保护其隐私。

1．themselves enjoy oneself为固定搭配，意为“玩得高兴”，故用反身代词themselves。

2．clothes clothes是名词，意为“衣服”，这里指“穿新衣服”，故用clothes。

cloth意为“布料”。

3．worse even用来修饰比较级，故用worse，意为“甚至更糟糕的是”。

4．Besides/Furthermore/Moreover 根据对空格前后语境的理解可知，这里并列叙述了将孩子的照片放到社交媒体上的两个缺点，所以这两点之间应用承接副词Besides/Furthermore/Moreover，意为“此外”。

注意首字母大写。

5．who/that parents后为定语从句，定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词是parents，指人，故用关系代词who/that 引导从句。

6．to face be likely to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“很可能做某事”，故用to face。

7．are found find与前面的主语they之间是被动关系，且全文时态主要是一般现在时，故用are found。

8．were 根据前面的“And adults, who accuse that their parents damaged their right to privacy ...”可知，此处指当他们是孩子的时候，是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。

故填were。

9．an an expert on Internet law为同位语，解释说明了Eric Delcroix。

同位语中常用不定冠词，表示“一……”；因为expert的读音是以元音音素开头的，故用an。

10．posting stop doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“停止做某事”，符合语境。

故填posting。

(对应学生用书P184)
means n．手段；方法
by means of...用……办法；借助……
by this means 用这种方法
by all means 务必，一定，当然可以
by any means 无论如何，以一切可能的手段
by no means 绝不，无论如何也不
a means of communication 一种通讯/交流手段
①(教材原句)Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.
科学家们认为，这些迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。

②Punishment is __by__ no means a wise choice to help students grow up mentally and physically.
惩罚绝对不是帮助学生身心成长的明智选择。

means用作“方式；方法”时单复数同形。

若all/some/several/many means作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若every/each/one/a means作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

③Every possible means __has been tried__ (try)，but none worked.
＝All possible means __have been tried__ (try)，but none worked.
各种可能的办法都尝试了，但没有一种奏效。

majority n．大多数；大半
(1)the majority of ……的大多数
in a/the majority 占大多数
have a majority over sb.拥有多数……；战胜某人
(2)minority n．少数
in the minority 占少数
(3)major adj.主要的；vi.专修；主攻n.专业
major in 主修
①(教材原句)Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men，whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.
在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向土著人传授天主教。

②__A/The__ majority of doctors agree that smoking is extremely harmful to health.
大多数医生认为吸烟对健康极为有害。

③单句语法填空(2017·江苏卷)Declining birth rate is a __major__ (majority) problem in many developing regions too ，
which might cause catastrophic global shortages of work force within a few decades.
(1)majority 为可数名词，意为great number ，指可数的概念，不指量(amount)。

the majority 作主语时，如果泛指多数(与少数相对)，谓语动词用复数形式和单数形式皆可。

(2)the majority of ＋名词，表示“多数，许多”，其后的谓语动词取决于of 之后的名词。

(3)majority 常由great(但不是greater)修饰，表示“most of”。

只有在谈到两个“大多数”(two majorities)时使用greater 。

occur vi.发生；存在；出现
(1)occur to(主意或想法突然)浮现于脑中；被想起，被想到
It occurs to sb.to do sth.使某人想到做某事
(2) ⎭
⎪⎬⎪⎫sth.occurs to sb.sth.strikes es to sb.It occurs to sb.that —clause It strikes sb.that —clause 某人突然想起…… (3)e up with sth.某人想出(答案，计划)
①(教材原句)Yes.It didn’t occur to me that...
是的，我没想到……
②Just then an idea __occurred__ (occur)to me.
就在那时我想起了一个主意。

③单句语法填空(2017·江苏卷)A great decline in young work force is likely __to occur__ (occur) in China ，
for instance.
(1)表达“发生”之意时，occur 与happen 可以互换；另外occur ，happen ，take place ，break out 等表示“发生；爆发”的单词或短语都不能用于被动语态或进行时态。

(2)occur 结构中主语不能是人，而是想到的事情或it 作形式主语。

【七选五】
Having a learning disability doesn't mean you can't learn.Learning disabilities happen because of
the way a person's brain takes in and processes information.__1__ The trick will be figuring out how you learn best.
Learning disabilities aren't contagious(接触传染的)，but they can be genetic.That means they can be passed down in families through the genes，like many other traits we get from our parents and grandparents.Someone with a learning disability probably has other family members who have some learning troubles，too.Kids with learning problems are sometimes surprised to find out that one of their parents had similar troubles when he or she was in school.__2__
Learning experts now know a lot more about the brain and how learning works.
It's very hard for a kid to know if he has a learning disability.But kids don't have to figure all this out on their own.__3__ Start with his teacher and his mom or dad.
Finding out you have a learning disability can be upsetting.__4__ But the truth is that learning disabilities are pretty common.And if your learning specialist or psychologist has figured out which one you're facing，you're on the right track.Now，you can start getting the help you need to do better in school.
To make this special help really work，you'll need to practise the new skills you're learning.It may take a lot of efforts every day.__5__ Soon，you'll enjoy the results of all your hard work：More fun and success at school!
A．But you'll need some help and you'll need to work extra hard.
B．What a kid needs to do is to tell someone.
C．There are people who know how to do just that.
D．You might feel different from everyone else.
E．But kids today have an advantage over their parents.
F．As a result，some people learn differently.
G．That can be a challenge，but you can do it.
【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了学习障碍的形成原因、会被遗传的性质以及如何克服学习障碍。

1．F 根据空前一句“Learning disabilities happen because of the way a person's brain takes in and processes information”可知，大脑领会和加工信息的方式不同导致了学习障碍的形成；据此可以判断，空处介绍学习障碍形成后的结果：一些人使用不同的方式学习。

2．E 根据空前一句“Kids with learning problems are sometimes surprised to find out t hat one of their parents had similar troubles when he or she was in school”可知，有学习障碍的孩子会发现他们的父母中会有一位在上学时有学习障碍；结合下文中的“Learning experts now know a lot more about the brain and how learning works”可知，现在学习专家已经对大脑和学习的工作原理知道得更多；据此可以判断，空处与上文形成转折，说明现在的孩子会比他们的父母更有优势，故E项符合语境。

3．B 根据空后一句“Start with his teacher and his mom or dad”可知，孩子可以从老师和父母那里得知自己是否有学习障碍，据此可知，孩子不需要自己去弄明白自己是否有学习障碍，但他所需要做的是问一下老师
和父母，故B项符合语境。

4．D 根据空前一句“Finding out you have a learning disability can be upsetting”可知，发现自己
有学习障碍是很难受的；据此可以推断，空处应该介绍发现自己有学习障碍后，你会感到自己和他人不一样，故D 项符合语境。

5．G 根据空前一句“It may take a lot of efforts every day”可知，这种训练每天需要付出很多努力；据此可以判断，那可能是一种挑战，但是你能做到；故G项符合语境。

make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生
(1)come to life 苏醒；变得活跃
live/lead a．..life 过着……生活
come back to life 苏醒过来；恢复生气
bring...back to life 使……苏醒过来；给……活力
start/make a new life 开始新生活
(2)make/earn a/one’s living 谋生
①(教材原句)Some died or returned home，but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.
有些人死了或回家了，但是大多数人留在加利福尼亚谋生，尽管困难重重。

②When the girl finally came __to__ life，we began to breathe easily.
这个女孩苏醒后我们才放心。

③The new teacher always brought the class to life __with__ his humor.
新来的老师总是用他的幽默把课上得生动活泼。

team up with(＝cooperate with)与……结合/合作，协作
team up 合作；协作
be fed up with 对……感到厌烦，腻了
catch/keep up with 赶上
put up with 忍受；容忍
end up with 以……结束
①It’s a pleasure to __team__ (team) up with such excellent colleagues.
和这样出色的同事一起干活真愉快。

②After seeing so many houses，we ended up __buying__ (buy) the one on the lakeside.
看了那么多的房子之后，我们最后还是买了湖边的那栋房子。

③The old couple are never __fed__ (feed) up with going to the same park every day.
这对老夫妻每天都去同一个公园，从不厌烦。

【短文改错】
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。

每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

(2018·绵阳市高中第一次诊断)
We are required to collect our smart phones and keep it in the teacher's during the weekdays.In fact the most of us obey this regulation ，but some still play various trick against it.I'm among those.Once ，I hand in a waste phone.Mr.Li ，our head teacher ，seemed ignore all that.So I felt very luckily to have an extra phone with me.And good times don't last long.“Can I use your phone as a while？I forgot to take mine by chance.”Mr.Li said，pick out my waste phone and dialing.You can see how embarrassing I was at the scene!
【答案】 We are required to collect our smart phones and keep it them in the teacher's during the weekdays.In fact
the most
of us obey this regulation ，but some still play various trick tricks
against it.I'm among those.Once ，I hand handed in a waste phone.Mr.Li ，our head teacher ，seemed ∧to ignore all that.So I felt very luckily lucky
to have an extra phone with me.And But/Yet good times don't last long.“Can I use your phone as for
a while ？I forgot to take
mine by chance.”Mr.Li said，pick picking out my waste phone and dialing.You can see how embarrassing embarrassed
I was at
the scene!
第一处：it 改为them 。

考查代词。

此处指代上文中的“smart phones”，故用them 。

第二处：删除the 。

此处most 是代词，表示“大多数”，故其前不用定冠词修饰。

第三处：trick 改为tricks 。

考查名词复数。

trick 为可数名词，且根据语境中的“various”可知，此处用名词复数形式，即用tricks 。

第四处：hand 改为handed 。

考查动词时态。

根据语境中的“Once”可知，事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时，且下文中的“seemed”亦是提示。

第五处：ignore 前加to 。

考查固定搭配。

seem to do sth.为固定短语，意为“好像要做某事”，符合语境，故用动词不定式作宾语。

第六处：luckily 改为lucky 。

考查形容词。

lucky 是形容词，在此处作表语。

第七处：And 改为But/Yet 。

考查连词。

根据语境可知，前后句表示逻辑上的转折关系，并非顺承或递进关系，故用连词But/Yet 。

第八处：as 改为for 。

考查介词。

固定短语for a while 意为“一会儿”，符合语境，故用介词for 。

第九处：pick改为picking。

考查非谓语动词。

动词pick和句子谓语said之间没有连词，故此处用非谓语，且pick与句子的主语Mr.Li构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。

第十处：embarrassing改为embarrassed 。

考查形容词。

embarrassed是过去分词充当形容词，在从句中作表语，修饰人，意为“尴尬的”。

__That is why__ today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.
这就是今天有超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。

句中的why引导的是表语从句，注意以下句式的区别：
(1)That’s why...这就是为什么……(why从句表示结果)
(2)That’s because...这是因为……(because从句表示原因)
(3)The reason why...is/was that...……的原因是……(表语从句常用that引导，而不用because)
①Tom was ill.That was __why__ he came late for the meeting.
汤姆病了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。

②Tom came late for the meeting.That was __because__ he was ill.
汤姆开会迟到了，那是因为他病了。

③The reason __why__ Tom came late for the meeting was __that__ he was ill.
汤姆开会迟到的原因是他病了。

【阅读理解】
It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar, but new research suggests a glass a day cold form part of a diet. Looking at past studies they found that, while heavy drinkers do put on weight; those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight.
A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says, ＂Light to moderate alcohol intake, especially of wine, may be more likely to protect against, rather than promote, weight gain.＂ The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions, particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight. Boston University’s Dr. Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms(生物学机制) relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood. His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖尿病), which relate to increasing obesity. Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers.
The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in
fat, and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods. They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks, taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight.
For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases one’s risk of becoming obese. What’s more, a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol,
a compound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells.
1.The passage is mainly for those_________.
A. who produce wine
B. who have a drinking habit
C. who go on a diet
D. who are eager to lose weight
2.The underlined phrase＂ in moderation＂ in the first paragraph means _________.
A. excitedly
B. carefully
C. frequently
D. properly
3.What can we learn from the passage?
A. Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight.
B. Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of becoming fat.
C. The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect.
D. The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear.
4.What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?
A. How to do some easy experiments.
B. How to reduce the calories contained in wine.
C. How to prove the finding mentioned above.
D. How to make wine in a healthy way.
【文章大意】文章讲述了饮酒和健康的关系，告诉我们适量葡萄酒还会减肥。

1.B【解析】推理判断题。

文章讲述了饮酒和健康的关系，比如和肥胖、疾病等的关系。

所以说是写给有喝酒习惯的人的，故选B。

2.D【解析】猜测词义题。

与上句形成对比，此处指适量饮酒的人事实上能减肥，moderation＂适度＂与D 项同义，故选D。

4.C【解析】推理判断题。

文章最后讲到葡萄酒和红酒混合会破坏肥胖细胞，所以下文会证明这一观点，故选C。